2208:
2309:
1416:
89:
124:
135:
2101:. The successful tactical air support of ground forces in Egypt and Libya pioneered by Tedder and Coningham was the model for the establishment of NAAF at the Casablanca Conference and the tri-force (strategic, coastal, tactical) elements of this air interdiction model were retained in the new MAAF structure which generally persisted until the end of the Second World War. DAF existed until 30 June 1946, when it was renamed the Advanced AHQ Italy.
113:
2110:
787:
36:
2243:, which arrived in North Africa in late 1940 and served with the DAF until the closing stages of the war in Europe. By that time, 3 Sqn had the most substantial service record of any DAF squadron, including the greatest number of kills (217 claims). Many Australian pilots also flew with RAF or SAAF squadrons in the DAF.
2235:
provided over a dozen squadrons to the DAF. This was their main theatre of operations, as the South
African government had decided their military should not operate outside Africa. Between April 1941 and May 1943, the 11 squadrons of the SAAF flew almost 34,000 sorties and claimed 342 enemy aircraft
2167:
usually had the advantage of height and surprise over the low-level, slow-flying DAF fighters and losses were correspondingly high. In 1942, the DAF reorganised its tactics and introduced better aircraft. Spitfires were eventually used for air superiority, becoming operational in August 1942, which
888:
The force in the Middle East was clearly too small, reinforcement by sea was a 14,000-mile trip that required three months to complete, and reinforcement via the
Western Mediterranean was hardly practical due to the ranges involved, which only bombers could achieve. Thus, an alternate reinforcement
871:
squadrons (No.s 30, 55, 113, and 211) and No. 216 Squadron RAF with
Bombays. With this small force, the RAF had to "equate its attempt to dominate the front line with avoidance of unnecessary losses". Aggressive actions induced a "defensive mentality among the Italians", aided by expedients such as
2148:
US-built P-40 Tomahawks/Kittyhawks also went to the DAF as it was unsuited to
European operations which were generally fought at much higher altitudes and against more formidable opposition. The P-40 was used initially as an air superiority fighter but it was also adapted (and found to be ideally
876:
in the Middle East, rapidly switched between landing grounds, to provide an exaggerated picture of
British strength in the eyes of Italian reconnaissance aircraft. There were occasional single successes as well; on 17 August 1940, Gladiators covering the
2836:
235:
384:
595:
In
October 1941, the Western Desert Air Forces had 16 squadrons of aircraft (nine fighter, six medium bomber and one tactical reconnaissance) and fielded approximately 1,000 combat aircraft by late 1941. By the time of the
228:
377:
933:. During Compass, "the squadrons of Hurricanes, Lysanders, and Blenheims … strove hard to keep pace , often landing after a combat sortie at a more advanced strip than from which they had set out."
2846:
2097:(MAAF) which absorbed NAAF, RAFM, and possibly some units of RAFME. DAF, still under Broadhurst, became a component of the Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force (MATAF) under Major General
2841:
221:
370:
2156:
The DAF always outnumbered its Axis opponents and concentrated on long-range interdiction and direct tactical Eighth Army support. Unfortunately, these tactics meant that the faster
2195:, Sicily and mainland Italy. The tactical concepts which had proven so successful in the latter part of the North African campaign were adopted with even greater success during the
314:
513:
245:
2394:
2065:
2313:
279:
2308:
2207:
837:, the RAF in Egypt—which comprised nine squadrons—focused its activities on ground support, reconnaissance, and only when necessary aerial combat with the Italian
2125:
The air defence of
Britain always received priority, so the DAF was generally equipped with older aircraft types. Initially equipped with obsolete types like the
2523:
National
Archive London AIR 23 / 6200 APPENDIX "C", R.A.F. Operations in the Western Desert and Eastern Mediterranean, 18th November 1941 to 19th May 1942 HPE
2498:
2285:, which included a stipulation that American personnel should serve only in US units. From mid-September, the P-40 Warhawk squadrons of the 57th FG and the
2826:
57:
44:
2266:
1647:
2317:
2183:" of fighter-bombers in the air waiting to be called on. The DAF provided air support to the Eighth Army until the end of the war, fighting over
413:
1724:
394:
269:
2223:, Desert Air Force. All three were killed or missing in action by the end of June. Frost, the squadron commander, was the highest scoring
1744:
1716:
289:
2747:
The
Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944 Part 1
2780:
2754:
2731:
2678:
2659:
2638:
2619:
1667:
1520:
470:
425:
408:
259:
2689:
1635:
The squadron was disbanded in June 1943 but a new
Australian 462 Squadron was formed late in 1943 with mainly Australian personnel.
624:
fighters and fighter-bombers. There were over 1,500 combat aircraft, more than double the number of aircraft the Axis could field.
2831:
2399:
688:
declared war in June 1940, Longmore had just 29 squadrons numbering less than 300 aircraft in the four commands detailed above.
2289:
squadrons of the 12th BG were officially attached to DAF units. On 12 November 1942, USAMEAF was dissolved and replaced by the
2094:
503:
329:
294:
2741:
Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (RN); Davies, Major-General H.L. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) .
2339:
902:
637:
195:
685:
2775:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press.
2749:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. V. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press.
2360:
2321:
1415:
632:
Prior to the establishment of the Desert Air Force, several RAF formations operated in North Africa. On 3 September 1939,
589:
339:
319:
284:
203:
2851:
2286:
2090:
1728:
645:
609:
561:
2768:
2742:
2366:
1614:
894:
597:
455:
274:
2713:
Participation of the Ninth & Twelfth Air Forces in the Sicilian Campaign, Army Air Forces Historical Study No. 37
2502:
309:
2282:
2328:
The following were the air officers commanding either the Air Headquarters Western Desert or the Desert Air Force:
1369:
585:
299:
2375:
49:
1736:
1683:
1363:
1357:
830:
778:
705:
351:
324:
2764:
2300:
campaign medal with the clasp 'North Africa 1942–43', denoted by a silver rosette when only ribbons were worn.
435:
2232:
1663:
1659:
1454:
1448:
1000:
926:
633:
581:
553:
88:
2278:
1712:
1675:
1109:
1103:
882:
641:
546:
264:
2045:
1406:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1980:
1975:
1834:
1720:
1708:
1629:
1514:
1209:
661:
430:
128:
1561:
1012:
937:
697:
2767:; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.) & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) .
2081:
2039:
1950:
1923:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1566:
1528:
1491:
1460:
1377:
1340:
1027:
1023:
1019:
2694:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Vol. III. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. Archived from
2259:
2255:
2251:
2157:
2114:
2056:
2030:
2021:
1987:
1932:
1917:
1893:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1820:
1620:
1608:
1589:
1583:
1539:
1533:
1508:
1502:
1483:
1423:
1419:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1351:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1246:
1240:
1203:
1197:
1091:
1085:
1079:
974:
950:
910:
905:
in 1925. By this and other means, by the end of November 1940 the RAF in Egypt had been bolstered by
860:
852:
799:
774:
757:
740:
673:
621:
617:
460:
440:
1597:
897:, from which new aircraft were received by sea, assembled, test flown, and ferried across Africa to
2240:
2176:
2121:, Tunisia. The squadron was the first unit in any air force to use the "shark mouth" logo on P-40s.
1970:
1887:
1826:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1602:
1577:
1551:
1545:
1496:
1345:
1228:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1122:
1073:
1061:
1055:
986:
980:
963:
956:
944:
918:
914:
906:
878:
848:
844:
819:
815:
811:
803:
795:
765:
751:
734:
728:
677:
573:
508:
418:
334:
1755:(DAF) was created by simply renaming Western Desert Air Force. For Operation Husky, DAF contained
2432:
2274:
2216:
2196:
2075:
1962:
1956:
1654:
1442:
1153:
992:
922:
807:
669:
601:
549:
150:
2137:. After the direct threat to Britain receded, newer types were assigned to the DAF, such as the
1034:; however, on 3 February it reverted to its former name of the Air Headquarters Western Desert.
2093:
as a subordinate element of NATAF. MAC was disbanded in December 1943 and reorganised into the
2804:
2776:
2750:
2727:
2721:
2674:
2655:
2634:
2615:
2270:
2161:
2134:
2126:
1769:
1740:
1704:
1431:
930:
864:
856:
839:
834:
557:
344:
1680:
82nd, 83rd, and 434th Bombardment Squadrons with B-25C Mitchells detached to RAF (see above).
2389:
2346:
2336:
2138:
2130:
2051:
1910:
1732:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1097:
1067:
873:
868:
701:
649:
613:
605:
493:
465:
450:
199:
600:, the DAF fielded 29 squadrons (including nine South African and three USAAF units) flying
2290:
2247:
2220:
1796:
1748:
1571:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1436:
1312:
1303:
1262:
1234:
1222:
967:
681:
577:
445:
304:
2281:
to DAF fighter and bomber units, as "observers". This was technically a violation of the
2695:
362:
213:
17:
2651:
The Army Air Forces in World War II: Torch to Pointblank (August 1942 to December 1943)
2142:
2098:
1332:
709:
117:
2820:
2372:
2150:
1049:
1004:
717:
1042:
Between 18 November 1941 to 19 May 1942 the A.H.Q. Western Desert was organised as:
999:
On 30 July 1941, Collishaw handed over No. 204 Group to Coningham. Later that year,
2109:
940:
was created under the command of Air Commodore Raymond Collishaw and consisted of:
569:
483:
178:
168:
1650:
but with exception of 81st Bombardment Squadron, under WDAF operational control):
786:
2649:
2297:
565:
2773:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa
2587:
712:. The Valentia and Bombay could be used as troop transports or medium bombers.
2293:, although some US units remained with Commonwealth formations for some time.
2224:
2180:
2175:
concept of tactical air support by using fighter-bombers linked via radio to "
2064:(60 and 682 were Photographic Reconnaissance (PR) squadrons assigned from the
2239:
The Australian contribution included fighter and bomber squadrons, including
2296:
British and Commonwealth personnel who served with the DAF were awarded the
657:
488:
140:
2808:
1299:
Subordinated to General Headquarters RAF Middle East (GHQ RAF Middle East)
35:
1030:
Wing defended the Nile Delta. On 20 January 1942, the command was renamed
696:
On 10 June 1940, RAF bomber squadrons in AHQ Egypt—under the direction of
2118:
898:
890:
723:
665:
653:
2192:
2179:" attached to Army units. The DAF improved the concept by introducing "
2133:
light bomber, the DAF made a good showing against the equally obsolete
823:
2715:. Army Air Forces Historical Office, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.
1296:
Western Desert Air Force (WDAF) was organised on 27 October 1942 as:
769:
2837:
Military units and formations of the Royal Air Force in World War II
1723:. The Western Desert Air Force became a sub-command of Coningham's
2801:
A Hostile Sky: The Mediterranean Air War of the 79th Fighter Group
2307:
2212:
2206:
2188:
2184:
2108:
1414:
785:
2726:. Office of Air Force History, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.
2089:
DAF continued to provide close tactical support to the British
366:
217:
1884:(RAF) Polish Fighting Team P.F.T. Flight "C" "Skalski Circus"
29:
2437:
World War II Armed Forces, Orders of Battle and Organizations
1920:(TEF/N) operating on Malta under A.O.C. Malta (Beaufighters)
1735:
became its Air Officer Commanding. On 18 February 1943, the
1409:(Strategic Reconnaissance) (8 Ă— Baltimores I, II & III)
2711:
Historical Office Headquarters, Army Air Forces (1945).
2648:
Craven, Wesley Frank (1983) . Cate, James Lea (ed.).
2588:"Overseas Commands - Middle East & Mediterranean"
2847:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
2395:
List of North African airfields during World War II
1775:
1632:(note Australian) despite mainly British personnel.
1391:(Tactical Reconnaissance) (18 Ă— Hurricane I/II/A/B)
189:
184:
174:
164:
156:
146:
106:
98:
81:
2654:. US Official history. Vol. II. Diane Books.
2250:—especially Polish airmen— flew in DAF squadrons.
2066:Northwest African Photographic Reconnaissance Wing
790:Hawker Hurricane in desert camouflage paint scheme
2842:Military units and formations established in 1941
2469:. London, UK: Temple Press Aerospace. p. 93.
843:. The force at Collishaw's disposal consisted of
2592:Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation
2433:"Royal Air Force, Middle East, 3 September 1939"
1670:with P-40F Warhawks detached to RAF (see above).
1403:(Tactical Reconnaissance) (18 Ă— Hurricane IIA/B)
1304:No. 3 South African Air Force (SAAF) Bomber Wing
680:). Mitchell handed over to Air Vice Marshal Sir
1018:Three wings operated in North Africa at first,
2254:was largely made up of Poles and in 1943, the
2219:(centre) and Captain Andrew Duncan (right) of
1747:(MTO). When the Allied forces invaded Sicily (
901:, a route first pioneered by Air Vice-Marshal
644:-in-Chief Middle East—comprised four separate
2790:Shores, Christopher; Williams, Clive (1991).
1739:(MAC) was established with Air Chief Marshal
748:No. 253 Wing RAF, Advanced HQ Ma'aten Bagush
378:
229:
8:
2691:Air War Against Germany and Italy, 1939–1943
2227:in an SAAF unit during the Second World War.
959:(Blenheim IVs and Marauders) at Burg el Arab
27:Allied tactical air unit during World War II
2669:Dear, I.C.B. (2005) . Foot, M.R.D. (ed.).
2629:Bowyer, Chaz; Shores, Christopher (1981).
2499:"The Australians at War Film Archive – 25"
1743:in charge of all Allied air forces in the
1003:came under the command of Air Marshal Sir
385:
371:
363:
236:
222:
214:
2465:Rawlings, John D.R.; et al. (1984).
2417:
2415:
2168:allowed the DAF to gain air superiority.
1911:40 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, SAAF
2356:10 July 1943 Air Vice-Marshal Broadhurst
2320:, in conversation with Air Vice-Marshal
2267:United States Army Middle East Air Force
1946:
1767:Advanced Headquarters, Desert Air Force,
1731:) in February 1943 and Air Vice Marshal
1703:In January 1943, British Prime Minister
1648:United States Army Middle East Air Force
1628:Early in 1943 that squadron was renamed
60:of all important aspects of the article.
2411:
1397:(Photo Reconnaissance) (12 Ă— Marylands)
1026:Wings operated over the front line and
775:No. 216 (Bomber-Transport) Squadron RAF
2723:Air Force Combat Units of World War II
2324:, AOC Desert Air Force, 28 August 1944
2215:. Lieutenant Robin Pare (left), Major
2211:March/April 1942, Landing Ground 121,
929:squadrons, ready for the beginning of
766:No. 70 (Bomber-Transport) Squadron RAF
160:over 1,500 combat aircraft (late 1942)
78:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
2541:Playfair, Vol. IV, pp. 271 & 272.
2450:Moyes, Philip (1964). "Appendix 15".
2258:("Skalski's Circus") was attached to
995:(Hurricanes and Lysanders) at Tobruk.
592:(USAAF) and other Allied air forces.
552:created from No. 204 Group RAF under
529:(DAF), also known chronologically as
396:East African campaign of World War II
247:Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre
7:
2671:The Oxford Companion to World War II
2612:Men of the Desert Air Force, 1940–43
2454:. London, UK: McDonald. p. 309.
2273:) attached USAAF personnel from the
1942:Rear Headquarters, Desert Air Force.
1725:Northwest African Tactical Air Force
1715:air forces in the North African and
1385:(Photo Reconnaissance) (Spitfire VB)
1935:(TEF/N) operating from North Africa
1745:Mediterranean Theater of Operations
1717:Mediterranean Theater of Operations
1711:, and their staffs reorganised the
556:in North Africa in 1941 to provide
2532:Playfair, Vol. IV, Appendix 8 (a).
2467:The History of the Royal Air Force
25:
2827:Royal Air Force overseas commands
2365:3 December 1944 Air Vice-Marshal
2345:31 January 1943 Air Vice-Marshal
1770:No. 211 (Offensive Fighter) Group
1694:835th Aviation Engineer Battalion
1474:(16 Ă— Kittyhawks I, II & III)
1468:(16 Ă— Kittyhawks I, II & III)
1354:(24 Ă— Baltimores I, II & III)
1348:(24 Ă— Baltimores I, II & III)
1268:No. 94 Squadron SAAF (Hurricanes)
2400:List of Royal Air Force commands
1499:(16 Ă— Kittyhawk I, II & III)
1445:(anti-tank) (16 Ă— Hurricane IID)
1439:(anti-tank) (16 Ă— Hurricane IID)
889:route began to be pioneered via
133:
122:
111:
87:
34:
2095:Mediterranean Allied Air Forces
1426:prepare to take off in Tunisia.
1009:Air Headquarters Western Desert
531:Air Headquarters Western Desert
48:may be too short to adequately
2765:Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.
2488:Vol.II of the Official History
2421:Dear & Foot (2005), p. 992
2359:6 April 1944 Air Vice-Marshal
2283:Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement
1252:RN Squadron (Marine Tomahawks)
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
1486:(16 Ă— Kittyhawks I & IIb)
636:—under Air Chief Marshal Sir
590:United States Army Air Forces
93:Ensign of the Royal Air Force
2559:Craven & Cate, p. 27, 28
1944:Operating from Tripoli Area
1729:Northwest African Air Forces
1676:12th Bombardment Group USAAF
1615:No. 335 (Greek) Squadron RAF
794:AHQ Sudan had 254 Wing with
700:—totalled five squadrons of
2673:. Oxford University Press.
2479:Rawlings et al., 1984, p.94
2452:Bomber Squadrons of the RAF
2117:, taxiing through scrub at
1521:66th Fighter Squadron USAAF
1455:65th Fighter Squadron USAAF
1449:64th Fighter Squadron USAAF
1378:No. 285 Reconnaissance Wing
1372:USAAF (12 Ă— Mitchell B-25C)
1366:USAAF (12 Ă— Mitchell B-25C)
1360:USAAF (12 Ă— Mitchell B-25C)
1204:No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron
598:Second Battle of El Alamein
2868:
2082:No. 249 Air Transport Wing
1370:434th Bombardment Squadron
743:, Blenheim, Ma'aten Bagush
652:(designated Middle East),
586:Royal Australian Air Force
1737:Mediterranean Air Command
1684:81st Bombardment Squadron
1364:83rd Bombardment Squadron
1358:82nd Bombardment Squadron
1106:(Swordfish and Albacores)
1011:was created by upgrading
831:Italian invasion of Egypt
572:, the DAF was made up of
441:British Somaliland (1941)
414:British Somaliland (1940)
404:
255:
86:
2688:Herington, John (1954).
2577:Craven & Cate, p. 35
2269:(USAMEAF, Major-General
2129:biplane fighter and the
1655:57th Fighter Group USAAF
1642:US Desert Air Task Force
1038:Western Desert Air Force
826:in Iraq with Blenheims.
806:squadrons, AHQ Aden had
684:in early May 1940. When
620:, Tomahawk, Warhawk and
543:First Tactical Air Force
539:Western Desert Air Force
18:First Tactical Air Force
2832:Western Desert campaign
2720:Maurer, Maurer (1983).
2631:Desert Air Force at War
2568:Craven & Cate, p.33
2177:Forward air controllers
2145:medium bomber in 1941.
2113:1943: A Kittyhawk from
1001:RAF Middle East Command
989:(Blenheim IVs) at Zimla
953:(Hurricanes) at Gerawla
927:South African Air Force
634:RAF Middle East Command
582:South African Air Force
554:RAF Middle East Command
2325:
2318:Chief of the Air Staff
2312:Air Chief Marshal Sir
2279:12th Bombardment Group
2228:
2122:
1691:Air Ambulance Squadron
1668:66th Fighter Squadrons
1427:
1383:No. 2 PRU Squadron RAF
1032:Air Headquarters Libya
1007:. On 21 October 1941,
983:(Blenheim IVs) at Fuka
947:(Hurricanes) at Tobruk
936:On 19 April 1941, RAF
885:bombers without loss.
883:Savoia-Marchetti SM.79
833:, under Air Commodore
791:
642:Air Officer Commanding
535:Air Headquarters Libya
2799:Woerpel, Don (1977).
2610:Bowyer, Chaz (1984).
2311:
2210:
2158:Messerschmitt Bf 109s
2112:
2078:(TD) (Hurricane IIDs)
2005:No. 450 Squadron RAAF
1721:Casablanca Conference
1709:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1707:, American President
1630:No. 462 Squadron RAAF
1554:(16 Ă— Spitfires Vb/c)
1523:(25 Ă— P-40F Warhawks)
1515:No. 450 Squadron RAAF
1457:(25 Ă— P-40F Warhawks)
1451:(25 Ă— P-40F Warhawks)
1418:
1210:No. 451 Squadron RAAF
1046:A.H.Q. Western Desert
925:, as well as several
789:
2342:(also AOC AHQ Libya)
2265:From July 1942, the
2260:No. 145 Squadron RAF
2256:Polish Fighting Team
2252:No. 112 Squadron RAF
2171:The DAF adapted the
2115:No. 112 Squadron RAF
2057:No. 682 Squadron RAF
2031:No. 260 Squadron RAF
2022:No. 250 Squadron RAF
1988:No. 112 Squadron RAF
1929:1/2 No. 600 Squadron
1699:Allied restructuring
1623:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIb)
1621:No. 274 Squadron RAF
1617:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIb)
1611:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIb)
1609:No. 127 Squadron RAF
1605:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1592:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1590:No. 238 Squadron RAF
1586:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1584:No. 213 Squadron RAF
1580:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1574:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1548:(16 Ă— Hurricane IIc)
1540:No. 601 Squadron RAF
1534:No. 145 Squadron RAF
1511:(16 Ă— Kittyhawk IIA)
1509:No. 250 Squadron RAF
1503:No. 112 Squadron RAF
1484:No. 260 Squadron RAF
1424:No. 112 Squadron RAF
1401:No. 208 Squadron RAF
1352:No. 223 Squadron RAF
1141:No. 24 Squadron SAAF
1135:No. 21 Squadron SAAF
1129:No. 12 Squadron SAAF
1110:No. 826 Squadron FAA
1104:No. 815 Squadron FAA
1098:No. 805 Squadron FAA
1068:No. 60 Squadron SAAF
975:No. 24 Squadron SAAF
913:with Hurricanes and
861:No. 208 Squadron RAF
758:No. 211 Squadron RAF
741:No. 113 Squadron RAF
731:, Blenheim, Ismailia
2852:Tactical air forces
2698:on 26 December 2007
2332:AHQ Western Desert
2241:No. 3 Squadron RAAF
2046:No. 1437 Flight RAF
1971:No. 3 Squadron RAAF
1751:) on 10 July 1943,
1686:not detached to RAF
1603:No. 80 Squadron RAF
1578:No. 33 Squadron RAF
1552:No. 92 Squadron RAF
1546:No. 73 Squadron RAF
1542:(16 Ă— Spitfires Vb)
1536:(16 Ă— Spitfires Vb)
1505:(16 Ă— Kittyhawk IA)
1497:No. 3 Squadron RAAF
1407:No. 1437 Flight RAF
1346:No. 55 Squadron RAF
1341:No. 232 Bomber Wing
1263:No. 1 Squadron SAAF
1235:No. 4 Squadron SAAF
1229:No. 3 Squadron RAAF
1223:No. 2 Squadron SAAF
1015:to command status.
977:(Marylands) at Fuka
970:) at Maaten Baggash
923:Vickers Wellingtons
879:Mediterranean Fleet
820:No. 84 Squadron RAF
752:No. 45 Squadron RAF
735:No. 55 Squadron RAF
729:No. 30 Squadron RAF
504:East Indies Station
478:Associated articles
2614:. William Kimber.
2326:
2275:57th Fighter Group
2229:
2197:Invasion of Europe
2123:
1963:79th Fighter Group
1957:57th Fighter Group
1443:No. 6 Squadron RAF
1428:
1082:(Blenheim Fighter)
865:Westland Lysanders
857:Gloster Gladiators
792:
722:No. 250 Wing RAF,
550:tactical air force
151:Tactical air force
2769:Butler, Sir James
2743:Butler, Sir James
2505:on 30 August 2007
2431:Niehorster, Leo.
2353:Desert Air Force
2271:Lewis H. Brereton
2246:Many exiles from
2217:John "Jack" Frost
2135:Italian Air Force
2127:Gloster Gladiator
2048:(SR) (Baltimores)
2042:(Reconnaissance)
2036:
2035:
1900:
1899:
1862:Stanisław Skalski
1741:Sir Arthur Tedder
1705:Winston Churchill
1323:Martin Baltimores
931:Operation Compass
911:No. 274 Squadrons
872:using the single
853:No. 112 Squadrons
840:Regia Aeronautica
835:Raymond Collishaw
706:Vickers Valentias
702:Bristol Blenheims
698:No. 202 Group RAF
568:. Throughout the
558:close air support
522:
521:
509:East Africa Force
426:French Somaliland
360:
359:
275:Mediterranean Sea
209:
208:
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2859:
2812:
2795:
2786:
2760:
2737:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2684:
2665:
2644:
2625:
2596:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2501:. Archived from
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2390:Balkan Air Force
2347:Harry Broadhurst
2340:Arthur Coningham
2337:Air Vice-Marshal
2335:21 October 1941
2139:Hawker Hurricane
2131:Bristol Blenheim
2072:Other RAF units
2052:60 Squadron SAAF
2040:No. 285 Wing RAF
1951:No. 239 Wing RAF
1947:
1933:No. 153 Squadron
1924:No. 325 Wing RAF
1918:No. 600 Squadron
1906:units included:
1894:No. 243 Squadron
1882:No. 145 Squadron
1874:No. 152 Squadron
1868:No. 242 Squadron
1855:No. 601 Squadron
1847:No. 111 Squadron
1841:No. 232 Squadron
1835:No. 417 Squadron
1821:No. 154 Squadron
1776:
1753:Desert Air Force
1733:Harry Broadhurst
1517:(16 Ă— Kittyhawk)
1480:(16 Ă— Tomahawks)
1395:60 Squadron SAAF
1389:40 Squadron SAAF
1329:24 Squadron SAAF
1319:21 Squadron SAAF
1313:Martin Marylands
1309:12 Squadron SAAF
1290:No. 274 Squadron
1284:No. 260 Squadron
1278:No. 238 Squadron
1272:No. 229 Squadron
1247:No. 250 Squadron
1241:No. 112 Squadron
1198:No. 208 Squadron
1183:French Squadron
1092:No. 272 Squadron
1086:No. 223 Squadron
1080:No. 113 Squadron
951:No. 274 Squadron
919:No. 38 Squadrons
903:Arthur Coningham
881:shot down eight
874:Hawker Hurricane
760:, Blenheim, Daba
754:, Blenheim, Fuka
737:, Blenheim, Fuka
678:No. 94 Squadrons
638:William Mitchell
612:medium bombers;
570:Second World War
527:Desert Air Force
499:Desert Air Force
494:Red Sea Flotilla
399:
397:
387:
380:
373:
364:
330:Italian mainland
250:
248:
238:
231:
224:
215:
200:Harry Broadhurst
196:Arthur Coningham
179:Second World War
139:
137:
136:
127:
126:
125:
116:
115:
114:
91:
82:Desert Air Force
79:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2803:. Andon Press.
2798:
2789:
2783:
2763:
2757:
2740:
2734:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2668:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2628:
2622:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2386:
2371:30 August 1945
2361:William Dickson
2322:William Dickson
2306:
2248:Occupied Europe
2221:5 Squadron SAAF
2205:
2107:
1926:(Beaufighters)
1888:No. 43 Squadron
1858:
1827:No. 93 Squadron
1815:No. 92 Squadron
1807:No. 72 Squadron
1802:No. 81 Squadron
1797:1 Squadron SAAF
1772:with Spitfires:
1768:
1749:Operation Husky
1701:
1572:1 Squadron SAAF
1478:5 Squadron SAAF
1472:4 Squadron SAAF
1466:2 Squadron SAAF
1437:7 Squadron SAAF
1325:I,II & III)
1178:No. 84 Squadron
1172:No. 55 Squadron
1166:No. 45 Squadron
1160:No. 14 Squadron
1123:No. 11 Squadron
1074:No. 80 Squadron
1062:No. 33 Squadron
1056:No. 30 Squadron
1040:
987:No. 55 Squadron
981:No. 45 Squadron
964:No. 39 Squadron
957:No. 14 Squadron
945:No. 73 Squadron
818:squadrons, and
710:Bristol Bombays
694:
682:Arthur Longmore
630:
578:Royal Air Force
560:to the British
545:(1TAF), was an
523:
518:
514:Order of battle
475:
400:
395:
393:
391:
361:
356:
352:Alpes-Maritimes
251:
246:
244:
242:
212:
204:William Dickson
202:
198:
191:
134:
132:
131:
123:
121:
120:
112:
110:
102:21 October 1941
94:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2796:
2794:. Grub Street.
2787:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2738:
2732:
2717:
2708:
2685:
2679:
2666:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2626:
2620:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2550:Molony, p. 72.
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2457:
2442:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:Colin Falconer
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2314:Charles Portal
2305:
2302:
2204:
2201:
2163:Jadgdeschwader
2143:Douglas Boston
2106:
2103:
2099:John K. Cannon
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2076:No. 6 Squadron
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1965:USAAF (P-40s)
1960:
1959:USAAF (P-40s)
1954:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1914:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:Douglas Boston
1326:
1316:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1154:No. 8 Squadron
1145:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1039:
1036:
997:
996:
993:No. 6 Squadron
990:
984:
978:
973:Detachment of
971:
962:Detachment of
960:
954:
948:
784:
783:
782:
781:
772:
763:
762:
761:
755:
746:
745:
744:
738:
732:
718:Ma'aten Bagush
716:HQ 202 Group,
693:
690:
629:
626:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
422:
421:
411:
405:
402:
401:
392:
390:
389:
382:
375:
367:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
253:
252:
243:
241:
240:
233:
226:
218:
210:
207:
206:
193:
187:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
118:United Kingdom
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
84:
83:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2782:1-84574-068-8
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2756:1-84574-069-6
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2733:9780912799025
2729:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2680:0-19-280666-1
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2661:1-4289-1587-7
2657:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2640:0-7110-1154-0
2636:
2633:. Ian Allan.
2632:
2627:
2623:
2621:0-7183-0539-6
2617:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2373:Air Commodore
2370:
2368:
2367:Robert Foster
2364:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2291:9th Air Force
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2151:ground attack
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:87th Squadron
2013:
2011:
2010:66th Squadron
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:86th Squadron
1996:
1994:
1993:65th Squadron
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:85th Squadron
1979:
1977:
1976:64th Squadron
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:(Kittyhawks)
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:(MTO) at the
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:No. 212 Group
1560:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:No. 211 Group
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:(Beaufighter)
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:Maaten Bagush
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Arthur Tedder
1002:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
942:
941:
939:
938:No. 204 Group
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
884:
880:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:
836:
832:
829:Prior to the
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
788:
780:
776:
773:
771:
767:
764:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
747:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
725:
721:
720:
719:
715:
714:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:Mediterranean
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
472:
471:Guerrilla war
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
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365:
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343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:Syria–Lebanon
308:
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258:
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239:
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220:
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211:Military unit
205:
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105:
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97:
90:
85:
80:
77:
69:
66:December 2014
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2800:
2791:
2772:
2746:
2722:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:the original
2690:
2670:
2650:
2630:
2611:
2603:Bibliography
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2436:
2426:
2327:
2295:
2264:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2124:
2088:
2063:
1941:
1940:
1903:
1901:
1859:
1790:No. 324 Wing
1785:No. 322 Wing
1780:No. 244 Wing
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1702:
1645:
1567:No. 243 Wing
1529:No. 244 Wing
1492:No. 239 Wing
1461:No. 233 Wing
1298:
1295:
1292:(Hurricanes)
1286:(Hurricanes)
1280:(Hurricanes)
1274:(Hurricanes)
1265:(Hurricanes)
1256:
1255:
1216:
1215:
1212:(Hurricanes)
1206:(Hurricanes)
1200:(Hurricanes)
1191:
1190:
1184:
1147:
1146:
1116:
1115:
1076:(Hurricanes)
1064:(Hurricanes)
1058:(Hurricanes)
1045:
1044:
1041:
1031:
1017:
1008:
998:
935:
887:
838:
828:
793:
768:, Valentia,
695:
631:
594:
588:(RAAF), the
584:(SAAF), the
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
524:
498:
484:Gideon Force
477:
476:
345:
265:North Africa
169:Air Ministry
165:Part of
129:South Africa
76:
63:
47:
45:lead section
2298:Africa Star
2236:destroyed.
2149:suited) to
2091:Eighth Army
1913:(Spitfires)
1249:(Tomahawks)
1243:(Tomahawks)
1237:(Tomahawks)
1231:(Tomahawks)
1225:(Tomahawks)
1187:(Blenheims)
1180:(Blenheims)
1174:(Blenheims)
1168:(Blenheims)
1162:(Blenheims)
1156:(Blenheims)
1137:(Marylands)
1131:(Marylands)
1125:(Blenheims)
1112:(Albacores)
1088:(Marylands)
1070:(Marylands)
708:and one of
580:(RAF), the
566:Axis forces
562:Eighth Army
431:Convoy BN 7
270:East Africa
175:Engagements
2821:Categories
2702:22 January
2406:References
2304:Commanders
2153:missions.
1860:Sqn. Ldr.
1763:elements.
1598:No. 7 Wing
1420:Kittyhawks
1100:(Martlets)
895:Gold Coast
779:Heliopolis
777:, Bombay,
541:, and the
461:Culqualber
456:Amba Alagi
335:Dodecanese
300:Yugoslavia
192:commanders
185:Commanders
2792:Aces High
2203:Personnel
2199:in 1944.
2181:cab ranks
2173:Luftwaffe
1727:(part of
1646:(Part of
1143:(Bostons)
1013:204 Group
968:Marylands
704:, one of
692:AHQ Egypt
618:Kittyhawk
614:Hurricane
606:Baltimore
576:from the
574:squadrons
489:Arbegnoch
419:Tug Argan
315:Palestine
280:Gibraltar
141:Australia
50:summarize
2384:See also
2119:Medenine
2105:Aircraft
1904:Advanced
1757:Advanced
1257:262 Wing
1217:258 Wing
1192:253 Wing
1185:Lorraine
1148:270 Wing
1117:261 Wing
899:Khartoum
891:Takoradi
869:Blenheim
724:Ismailia
666:RAF Aden
654:RAF Iraq
646:commands
622:Spitfire
610:Mitchell
564:against
260:Adriatic
2809:3294390
2771:(ed.).
2745:(ed.).
2193:Tunisia
1837:(RCAF)
893:in the
867:, four
824:Shaibah
822:was at
800:No. 223
674:No. 203
628:History
436:Agordat
346:Dragoon
340:Corsica
295:Balkans
290:Bahrain
190:Notable
107:Country
99:Founded
2807:
2779:
2753:
2730:
2677:
2658:
2637:
2618:
2509:4 July
1902:Other
1896:(RAF)
1890:(RAF)
1876:(RAF)
1870:(RAF)
1849:(RAF)
1843:(RAF)
1829:(RAF)
1823:(RAF)
1817:(RAF)
1809:(RAF)
1713:Allied
1666:, and
1331:(24 Ă—
1321:(24 Ă—
1311:(24 Ă—
915:No. 37
907:No. 73
851:, and
849:No. 80
845:No. 33
816:No. 39
814:, and
812:No. 11
804:No. 47
796:No. 14
770:Helwan
676:, and
664:, and
648:: for
602:Boston
547:Allied
537:, the
466:Gondar
325:Sicily
138:
2213:Egypt
2189:Libya
2185:Egypt
1857:(RAF)
921:with
863:with
855:with
808:No. 8
686:Italy
670:No. 8
662:Malta
650:Egypt
446:Keren
409:Sudan
285:Malta
2805:OCLC
2777:ISBN
2751:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2704:2008
2675:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2635:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2511:2007
2287:B-25
2277:and
2233:SAAF
2231:The
2141:and
1916:1/2
1761:Rear
1759:and
1664:65th
1660:64th
1335:III)
1022:and
917:and
909:and
802:and
608:and
525:The
451:SaĂŻo
320:Iran
305:Iraq
157:Size
147:Role
2225:ace
2160:of
1422:of
1028:262
1024:269
1020:258
660:at
2823::
2590:.
2435:.
2414:^
2316:,
2262:.
2191:,
2187:,
2165:27
2068:)
1662:,
1048:–
859:,
847:,
810:,
798:,
672:,
656:,
640:,
616:,
604:,
533:,
2811:.
2785:.
2759:.
2736:.
2706:.
2683:.
2664:.
2643:.
2624:.
2594:.
2513:.
2439:.
1315:)
966:(
668:(
386:e
379:t
372:v
237:e
230:t
223:v
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
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