First World - Knowledge (XXG)

711:(EU). The European Union is an agreement in which countries voluntarily decide to build common governmental institutions to which they delegate some individual national sovereignty so that decisions can be made democratically on a higher level of common interest for Europe as a whole. The result is a union of 27 Member States covering 4,233,255.3 square kilometres (1,634,469.0 sq mi) with roughly 450 million people. In total, the European Union produces almost a third of the world's gross national product and the member states speak more than 23 languages. All of the European Union countries are joined together by a hope to promote and extend peace, democracy, cooperativeness, stability, prosperity, and the rule of law. In a 2007 speech, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, the European Commissioner for External Relations, said, "The future of the EU is linked to globalization...the EU has a crucial role to play in making globalization work properly...". In a 2014 speech at the European Parliament, the Italian PM 795:, according to Grossman and Helpman, refers to the process of "subcontracting an ever expanding set of activities, ranging from product design to assembly, from research and development to marketing, distribution and after-sales service". Many companies have moved to outsourcing services in which they no longer specifically need or have the capability of handling themselves. This is due to considerations of what the companies can have more control over. Whatever companies tend to not have much control over or need to have control over will outsource activities to firms that they consider "less competing". According to SourcingMag.com, the process of outsourcing can take the following four phases. 398:, the original definition of the term "First World" is no longer necessarily applicable. There are varying definitions of the First World; however, they follow the same idea. John D. Daniels, past president of the Academy of International Business, defines the First World to be consisting of "high-income industrial countries". Scholar and Professor George J. Bryjak defines the First World to be the "modern, industrial, capitalist countries of North America and Europe". L. Robert Kohls, former director of training for the U.S. Information Agency and the Meridian International Center in Washington, D.C., uses First World and "fully developed" as synonyms. 661:

independent colonies to change into politically developed sovereign nation-states. However, most of the theorists were from the United States, and they were not interested in Third World countries achieving development by any model. They wanted those countries to develop through liberal processes of politics, economics, and socialization; that is to say, they wanted them to follow the liberal capitalist example of a so-called "First World state". Therefore, the modernization and development tradition consciously originated as a (mostly U.S.) alternative to the Marxist and neo-Marxist strategies promoted by the "

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of the First World comes through television, commercial advertisements and foreign visitors to their countries. This exposure causes two changes: a) living standards in some Third World countries rise and b) this exposure creates hopes and many from Third World countries emigrate—both legally and illegally—to these First World countries in hopes of attaining that living standard and prosperity. In fact, this emigration is the "main contributor to the increasing populations of U.S. and Europe". While these emigrations have greatly contributed to globalization, they have also precipitated trends like

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person—varies globally. The highest per-person impact occurs in the First World and the lowest in the Third World: each inhabitant of the United States, Western Europe and Japan consumes 32 times as many resources and puts out 32 times as much waste as each person in the Third World. However, China leads the world in total emissions, but its large population skews its per-capita statistic lower than those of more developed nations.

635:, which was finalized in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio. It proposed to place the burden of protecting the climate on the United States and other First World countries. Countries that were considered to be developing, such as China and India, were not required to approve the treaty because they were more concerned that restricting emissions would further restrain their development. 4035: 547: 738:

was no longer a question of if, but when and how. The European Council stated that accession could occur when the prospective country is able to assume the obligations of membership, that is that all the economic and political conditions required are attained. Furthermore, it defined the membership criteria, which are regarded as the Copenhagen criteria, as follows:

772:(WTO) essentially ended the protectionist measures that were dissuading global trade. The eradication of these protectionist measures, while creating avenues for economic interconnection, mostly benefited developed countries, who by using their power at GATT summits, forced developing and underdeveloped countries to open their economies to Western goods. 784:

well-educated, cannot produce at the quality levels demanded in high-value-added industries and cannot market what they produce even in low-value-added industries such as textiles or shoes. Put bluntly, multinational companies possess a variety of factors that developing countries must have if they are to participate in the global economy.

722:(ECSC). From the beginning of its inception, countries in the EU were judged by many standards, including economic ones. This is where the relation between globalization, the EU, and First World countries arises. Especially during the 1990s when the EU focused on economic policies such as the creation and circulation of the 817:, as an opportunity for increased income. As a consequence, the skill level of production in foreign countries handling the outsourced services increases within the economy; and the skill level within the domestic developing countries can decrease. It is because of competition (including outsourcing) that 602:

The movement of information and technology from the First World to various Third World countries has created a general "aspir(ation) to First World living standards". The Third World has lower living standards as compared to the First World. Information about the comparatively higher living standards

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The relationship between the First World and the Third World is characterized by the very definition of the Third World. Because countries of the Third World were noncommittal and non-aligned with both the First World and the Second World, they were targets for recruitment. In the quest for expanding

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The terms "First World", "Second World", and "Third World" were originally used to divide the world's nations into three categories. The model did not emerge to its endstate all at once. The complete overthrow of the pre–World War II status quo, known as the Cold War, left two superpowers (the United

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The third industrial revolution is spreading from the developed world to some, but not all, parts of the developing world. To participate in this new global economy, developing countries must be seen as attractive offshore production bases for multinational corporations. To be such bases, developing

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across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the

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Until the recent past, little attention was paid to the interests of Third World countries. This is because most international relations scholars have come from the industrialized, First World nations. As more countries have continued to become more developed, the interests of the world have slowly

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The movement of people and information largely characterizes the inter-world relationships in the present day. A majority of breakthroughs and innovation originate in Western Europe and the U.S. and later their effects permeate globally. As judged by the Wharton School of Business at the University

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During the Cold War era, the relationships between the First World, Second World and the Third World were very rigid. The First World and Second World were at constant odds with one another via the tensions between their two cores, the United States and the Soviet Union, respectively. The Cold War,

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In 1993, at the Copenhagen European Council, the European Union took a decisive step towards expanding the EU, what they called the Fifth Enlargement, agreeing that "the associated countries in Central and Eastern Europe that so desire shall become members of the European Union". Thus, enlargement

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Varying definitions of the term First World and the uncertainty of the term in today's world leads to different indicators of First World status. In 1945, the United Nations used the terms first, second, third, and fourth worlds to define the relative wealth of nations (although popular use of the

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developed in Europe as a result of their economic, political, social, and cultural response to the management of former colonial territories. European scholars and practitioners of international politics hoped to theorize ideas and then create policies based on those ideas that would cause newly

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As the world starts to globalize, it is accompanied by criticism of the current forms of globalization, which are feared to be overly corporate-led. As corporations become larger and multinational, their influence and interests go further accordingly. Being able to influence and own most media

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or gross national income per capita. The World Bank separates countries into four categories: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income economies. The First World is considered to be countries with high-income economies. The high-income economies are equated to mean

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The disparity between knowledge in the First World as compared to the Third World is evident in healthcare and medical advancements. Deaths from water-related illnesses have largely been eliminated in "wealthier nations", while they are still a "major concern in the developing world". Widely

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world (i.e., Second World) to the clergy. Just as the third estate comprised everybody else, Sauvy called the Third World all the countries that were not in this Cold War division, i.e., the unaligned and uninvolved states in the "East-West Conflict". With the coining of the term Third World

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Some have argued that the most important human population problem for the world is not the high rate of population increase in certain Third World countries per se, but rather the "increase in total human impact". The per-capita footprint—the resources consumed and the waste created by each

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If these conditions are in place, multinational corporations will transfer via their offshore subsidiaries or to their offshore suppliers, the specific production technologies and market linkages necessary to participate in the global economy. By themselves, developing countries, even if

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wrote: "Globalization has become an increasingly controversial topic, and the growing number of protests around the world has focused more attention on the basic assumptions of globalization and its effects." "Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later,

599:) announced that the first Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) would be available in the summer of 2010. These include non-Latin domains such as Chinese, Arabic, and Russian. This is one way that the flow of information between the First and Third Worlds may become more even. 565:. Success lay with the First World if at the end of the war, the country became capitalistic and democratic, and with the Second World, if the country became communist. While Vietnam as a whole was eventually communized, only the northern half of Korea remained communist. The 250:. In contemporary society, the First World is viewed as countries that have the most advanced economies, the greatest influence, the highest standards of living, and the greatest technology. After the Cold War, these countries of the First World included member states of 644:

started to shift. However, First World nations still have many more universities, professors, journals, and conferences, which has made it very difficult for Third World countries to gain legitimacy and respect with their new ideas and methods of looking at the world.

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With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Eastern Bloc ceased to exist and with it, the perfect applicability of the term Second World. The definitions of the First World, Second World, and Third World changed slightly, yet generally describe the same concepts.

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their sphere of influence, the United States (core of the First World) tried to establish pro-U.S. regimes in the Third World. In addition, because the Soviet Union (core of the Second World) also wanted to expand, the Third World often became a site for conflict.

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largely governed United States policy regarding the Third World and their rivalry with the Second World. In light of the Domino Theory, the U.S. saw winning the proxy wars in the Third World as a measure of the "credibility of U.S. commitments all over the world".

4014: 226:. Today, the terms are slightly outdated and have no official definition. However, the "First World" is generally thought of as the capitalist, industrial, wealthy, and developed countries. This definition includes the countries of 4019: 519:

as its name suggests, was a primarily ideological struggle between the First and Second Worlds, or more specifically, the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Multiple doctrines and plans dominated Cold War dynamics including the

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companies, it is hard to be able to publicly debate the notions and ideals that corporations pursue. Some choices that corporations take to make profits can affect people all over the world. Sometimes fatally.

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needlessly claim many lives in the developing countries of the Third World. Each year 900,000 people die from malaria and combating the disease accounts for 40% of health spending in many African countries.

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coined the term Third World in reference to the three estates in pre-revolutionary France. The first two estates being the nobility and clergy and everybody else comprising the third estate. He compared the

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Outsourcing is among some of the many reasons for increased competition within developing countries. Aside from being a reason for competition, many First World countries see outsourcing, in particular

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countries must provide relatively well-educated workforces, good infrastructure (electricity, telecommunications, transportation), political stability, and a willingness to play by market rules.

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find their origins in First World countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, multinational corporations proliferated as more countries focused on global trade. The series of

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It is clear that all these criteria are characteristics of developed countries. Therefore, there is a direct link between globalization, developed nations, and the European Union.

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Just as the concept of the First World came about as a result of World War II, so did the European Union. In 1951 the beginnings of the EU were founded with the creation of

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was considered to be those nations whose people were living on less than US$ 100 annually. If we use the term to mean high-income industrialized economies, then the

3712: 2293: 2125: 3505: 3480: 1635: 3988: 3754: 3684: 3556: 476:'s famous "Iron Curtain" speech. In this speech, Churchill describes the division of the West and East to be so solid that it could be called an iron curtain. 579:

of Pennsylvania, most of the Top 30 Innovations of the Last 30 Years were from former First World countries (e.g., the U.S. and countries in Western Europe).

535:-- which was then split into East and West. To stop citizens in East Berlin from having too much exposure to the capitalist West, the Soviet Union put up the 3928: 3923: 2850: 453:) vying for ultimate global supremacy. They created two camps, known as blocs. These blocs formed the basis of the concepts of the First and Second Worlds. 3993: 3797: 3774: 3769: 3420: 1934: 4077: 3764: 3724: 1856: 3549: 2694: 102: 2334: 1791: 415:

included modern, wealthy, industrialized nations, but they were all under communist control. Most of the rest of the world was deemed part of the

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into developed First World States, and it was partially grounded in liberal economic theory and a form of Talcott Parsons' sociological theory.

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term fourth world did not come about until later). There are some references towards culture in the definition. They were defined in terms of

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directly, the first two groups came to be known as the "First World" and "Second World" respectively. Here the three-world system emerged.

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the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union

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was often used because of its political, social, and economic relevance. The term itself was first introduced in the late 1940s by the

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the ability to take on the obligations of membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union

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stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities

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corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed

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states" like the Soviet Union. It was used to explain how developing Third World states would naturally

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were created by the United States and the Soviet Union, respectively. They were also referred to as the

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in 1991, the definition largely shifted to instead refer to any country with a well-functioning

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This article is about the Western political concept. For the Maoist political concept, see

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predict that there will be a rise of 15–33 percent in inequality amongst these countries.

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According to Nations Online, the member countries of NATO during the Cold War included:

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Communication for development in the Third World: theory and practice for empowerment

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Geopolitical grouping of the world's most politically and economically stable nations

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Offshore Outsourcing: An E-Commerce Reality (Opportunity for Developing Countries)

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Survival kit for overseas living: for Americans planning to live and work abroad

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At the Edge of International Relations: Postcolonialism, Gender, and Dependency

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stated, "We are the ones who can bring civilization to globalization".

627:, First World countries drew attention to environmental pollution. The 584: 558: 370: 366:

Neutral and more or less industrialized capitalist countries included:

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http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/GlobalUnequal_10_252.pdf

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The most prominent example of globalization in the first world is the

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treatable diseases in the developed countries of the First World,

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of the United States. This grouping was directly opposed to the

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The Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1917–1991

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The International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (

186:. In colloquial usage, "First World" typically refers to "the 2092:

Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order

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Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order

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Europe as an expression of the soul, prime minister of Italy

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Analyzing the Third World: essays from Comparative politics

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Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity

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Renewable Energy Resources and Their Environmental Impact

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International Relations Theory: A Critical Introduction

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

1293:. University of Wisconsin Eau Claire. Archived from 4002: 3969: 3909: 3870: 3840: 3783: 3744: 3695: 3658: 3648: 3615: 3276: 3194: 3031: 2866: 2605: 2434: 2354: 2259:Kansal, Purva; Kaushik, Amit Kumar (January 2006). 1820:

The Cold War as Rhetoric: The Beginnings, 1945–1950

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The Cold War as Rhetoric: The Beginnings, 1945–1950

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International business: environments and operations

2089: 2056: 1753: 1432: 491:world (i.e., First World) to the nobility and the 118:" formed by the global political landscape of the 1752:Singer, Siegfried Fred; Avery, Dennis T. (2007). 1570:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed 1190:Melkote, Srinivas R.; Steeves, H. Leslie (2001). 1169:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–2. 1141:Third World Health: Hostage to First World Health 1075:Sociology: cultural diversity in a changing world 968:Third World Health: Hostage to First World Health 1324:. Vol. 3. Taylor & Francis. p. 3. 1244: 1242: 1240: 1935:"Globalization: The European Union as a Model" 1408:Bipartisan Strategy: Selling the Marshall Plan 3557: 2328: 1823:. New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 129. 1756:Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years 1573:. New York: Penguin (Non-Classics). pp. 1439:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1385:. New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 129. 138:. However, after the Cold War ended with the 8: 2146:Grossman, Gene M; Helpman, Elhanan (2005). 1968:"The European Union: A Guide for Americans" 1697:"Global warming: Each country's share of CO 1355:. The Cold War Museum. 2008. Archived from 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 3984:Number of broadband Internet subscriptions 3655: 3564: 3550: 3542: 2335: 2321: 2313: 2096:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 2063:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 1817:Hinds, Lynn Boyd; Windt, Theodore (1991). 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1655:. World Health Organization. January 2009 2088:Barnet, Richard; Cavanagh, John (1994). 2055:Barnet, Richard; Cavanagh, John (1994). 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1747: 1745: 1376: 1374: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1167:We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History 432:developed and industrialized countries. 427:classifies countries according to their 25: 2241: 2239: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2119: 2117: 2050: 2048: 1104:. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. p. 915: 188:highly developed industrialized nations 1601:. Knowledge@Wharton. February 18, 2009 766:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1223:. Transaction Publishers. p. 3. 7: 3572:Economic classification of countries 2227:"Outsourcing – What is Outsourcing?" 1760:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 1322:Encyclopedia of the Developing World 1255:Encyclopedia of the Developing World 38:(between 30 April and 24 June 1975) 1144:. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 4. 971:. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 4. 509:Relationships with the other worlds 351:Former British Colonies included: 14: 3891:Research and development spending 3526:Western European and Others Group 2148:"Outsourcing in a Global Economy" 1894:(2). Sage Publications: 137–154. 1728:. PHI Learning Pvt. p. vii. 1632:Pacific Institute Research Report 1410:. Westport: Praeger. p. 15. 1196:. Sage Publications. p. 21. 880:List of countries by total wealth 720:European Coal and Steel Community 631:is a treaty that is based on the 4078:Economic country classifications 4045: 4033: 3934:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI 3810:List of countries by median wage 3805:Employee compensation (per hour) 1641:from the original on May 4, 2005 1077:. Allyn & Bacon. p. 8. 332:The US Aligned States included: 258:that were considered developed. 3592:Heavily indebted poor countries 1861:. Routledge. pp. 153–154. 1703:. Union of Concerned Scientists 1002:. Nations Online. July 24, 2009 1000:"First, Second and Third World" 140:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3607:World Bank high-income economy 2155:The Review of Economic Studies 1970:. pp. 2–3. Archived from 1882:Osland, Joyce S. (June 2003). 1029:"Countries of the First World" 1: 1888:Journal of Management Inquiry 1527:. New York: Longman. p. 1470:. New York: Longman. p. 870:Global North and Global South 444:Current NATO member countries 162:, and a relatively high mean 105:, and other neutral countries 68:: Countries aligned with the 47:: Countries aligned with the 3946:Percentage living in poverty 3602:Newly industrialized country 1217:Provizer, Norman W. (1978). 1138:Macdonald, Theodore (2005). 965:Macdonald, Theodore (2005). 3896:Stock market capitalization 3862:Financial assets per capita 1900:10.1177/1056492603012002005 1316:Leonard, Thomas M. (2006). 1249:Leonard, Thomas M. (2006). 728:European Monetary Institute 456:Early in the Cold War era, 114:was originally one of the " 4104: 1496:"THE COLD WAR (1945–1990)" 1353:"Fall of the Soviet Union" 762:multinational corporations 756:Multinational corporations 699:First World War in 1914." 150:, in addition to a strong 80:, and allies), led by the 18: 4028: 3597:Least developed countries 3577: 3296:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 2737:Standard Average European 1933:Aucoin, Danielle (2000). 1521:Ambrose, Stephen (1998). 1464:Ambrose, Stephen (1998). 1048:. Prentice Hall. p. 885:Multinational corporation 730:, and the opening of the 691:San Jose State University 652:During the Cold War, the 146:with little prospects of 3989:Number of Internet users 3881:Gross National Happiness 3436:Lancaster House Treaties 2926:Christian existentialism 2886:Ancient Roman philosophy 2876:Ancient Greek philosophy 2265:. Idea Group Inc (IGI). 1994:"Managing Globalization" 1722:Abbasi, Naseema (2004). 1431:Powaski, Ronald (1998). 802:evaluation and selection 770:World Trade Organization 539:within the actual city. 527:(from the U.S.) and the 218:, during which the term 55:and allies), led by the 3919:Human Development Index 3214:Equality before the law 2421:Romano-Germanic culture 2195:"Strategic Outsourcing" 2167:10.1111/0034-6527.00327 1855:Weber, Cynthia (2005). 1790:Darby, Phillip (2000). 1567:Diamond, Jared (2005). 1073:Bryjak, George (1997). 639:International relations 615:Environmental footprint 390:Shifting in definitions 184:Human Development Index 4015:Per capita (creditors) 3994:Smartphone penetration 3650:Gross domestic product 3617:Three/Four-World Model 3376:Eastern European Group 2965:Continental philosophy 2896:Judeo-Christian ethics 2881:Hellenistic philosophy 2362:Cradle of civilization 1653:"Malaria (Fact Sheet)" 1042:Daniels, John (2007). 808:outsourcing management 726:, the creation of the 623:As large consumers of 557:Some examples include 554: 445: 409:Gross National Product 107: 3979:ICT Development Index 3961:Social Progress Index 3746:Gross national income 3496:Three Seas Initiative 3471:Pacific Islands Forum 3336:British–Irish Council 3084:Greek Orthodox Church 2543:Industrial Revolution 2513:Scientific Revolution 2027:"European Commission" 1165:Gaddis, John (1998). 855:First World privilege 768:(GATT) and later the 732:European Central Bank 549: 443: 394:Since the end of the 192:Westernized countries 190:often considered the 29: 4073:Cold War terminology 4040:Economics portal 4020:Per capita (debtors) 3886:Net material product 3491:Special Relationship 2901:Christian philosophy 2846:Western Christianity 2508:Age of Enlightenment 2382:Hellenistic Kingdoms 1941:on 24 September 2015 1406:Bonds, John (2002). 1381:Hinds, Lynn (1991). 905:World-systems theory 815:offshore outsourcing 805:contract development 654:modernization theory 479:In 1952, the French 95:Non-Aligned Movement 4083:Imperialism studies 4006:investment position 3951:Human Capital Index 3941:Human Poverty Index 3929:inequality-adjusted 3730:per person employed 3516:West Nordic Council 3381:Eastern Partnership 2970:Analytic philosophy 2671:Classical tradition 2493:Early modern period 2449:Classical antiquity 2444:European Bronze Age 1623:(August 12, 2002), 1291:"Three World Model" 860:First World problem 850:East–West dichotomy 110:The concept of the 21:Three Worlds Theory 4088:Politics by region 4004:Net international 3755:Nominal per capita 3673:past and projected 3587:Developing country 2975:Post-structuralism 2938:Christian humanism 2568:Universal suffrage 2124:Thurow, Lester C. 2033:on August 28, 2006 1098:Kohls, L. (2001). 840:Developing country 799:strategic thinking 658:development theory 648:Development theory 607:and problems with 555: 446: 214:. This led to the 164:standard of living 160:economic stability 156:capitalist economy 108: 4060: 4059: 3911:Human development 3873:national accounts 3775:Disposable income 3770:Per capita growth 3740: 3739: 3582:Developed country 3539: 3538: 3366:Council of Europe 3268:International law 3221:Constitutionalism 3079:Eastern Orthodoxy 2585:Post–Cold War era 2518:Age of Revolution 2372:Greco-Roman world 1524:Rise to Globalism 1467:Rise to Globalism 1059:978-0-13-186942-4 1031:. Nations Online. 900:Three-world model 835:Developed country 685:has written that 474:Winston Churchill 436:Three-world model 144:democratic system 4095: 4052:World portal 4050: 4049: 4038: 4037: 3956:Household income 3850:Wealth per adult 3713:future estimates 3656: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3543: 3411:EU Customs Union 2943:Secular humanism 2891:Christian ethics 2841:East–West Schism 2824:Physical culture 2548:Great Divergence 2498:Age of Discovery 2337: 2330: 2323: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2299:. Archived from 2298: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2256: 2250: 2243: 2234: 2233: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2206: 2200:. Archived from 2199: 2190: 2179: 2178: 2152: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2121: 2112: 2111: 2095: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2062: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2029:. Archived from 2023: 2017: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1964: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1937:. Archived from 1930: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1852: 1835: 1834: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1787: 1776: 1775: 1759: 1749: 1740: 1739: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1677:. 4 October 2009 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1629: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1564: 1543: 1542: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1438: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1378: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1287: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1246: 1235: 1234: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1135: 1120: 1119: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1025: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1007: 996: 990: 989: 987: 985: 962: 956: 955: 953: 951: 937: 931: 920: 402:Other indicators 256:British Colonies 88: 63: 42: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4044: 4032: 4024: 4005: 3998: 3965: 3905: 3866: 3836: 3779: 3736: 3698: 3691: 3644: 3611: 3573: 3570: 3540: 3535: 3501:UKUSA Agreement 3441:Lublin Triangle 3326:Baltic Assembly 3278: 3272: 3190: 3027: 2862: 2732:Eurolinguistics 2601: 2590:Information age 2563:Interwar period 2430: 2350: 2341: 2311: 2303: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2244: 2237: 2231:Sourcingmag.com 2225: 2224: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2207:on 22 July 2011 2204: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2182: 2150: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2122: 2115: 2108: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2054: 2053: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2013: 2009: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1932: 1931: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1854: 1853: 1838: 1831: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1804: 1789: 1788: 1779: 1772: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1627: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1566: 1565: 1546: 1539: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1502:on 4 March 2016 1494: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1359:on 24 July 2017 1351: 1350: 1346: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1248: 1247: 1238: 1231: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1177: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1152: 1137: 1136: 1123: 1116: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1085: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1060: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1026: 1015: 1005: 1003: 998: 997: 993: 983: 981: 979: 964: 963: 959: 949: 947: 945:Merriam-Webster 939: 938: 934: 921: 917: 913: 831: 819:Robert Feenstra 790: 758: 705: 675: 650: 641: 617: 576: 521:Truman Doctrine 516: 511: 502: 449:States and the 438: 404: 392: 200: 194:of the world". 180:life expectancy 106: 86: 84: 61: 59: 40: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4065: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4042: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3971:Digital divide 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3915: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3857: 3846: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3789: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3765:PPP per capita 3762: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3721: 3720: 3704: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3531:Westernization 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3511:Visegrád Group 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3451:Nordic Council 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3346:Bucharest Nine 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3311:Arctic Council 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3013: 3008: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2921:Existentialism 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2872: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2821: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2611: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2454:Late antiquity 2446: 2440: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2369: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2332: 2325: 2317: 2310: 2309: 2306:on 2010-06-23. 2285: 2271: 2251: 2235: 2218: 2180: 2161:(1): 135–159. 2138: 2113: 2106: 2080: 2073: 2044: 2018: 2007: 1996:. pp. 1–2 1985: 1974:on 31 May 2008 1952: 1920: 1874: 1867: 1836: 1829: 1809: 1802: 1777: 1770: 1741: 1734: 1714: 1698: 1688: 1666: 1644: 1612: 1590: 1583: 1544: 1537: 1513: 1487: 1480: 1456: 1449: 1423: 1416: 1398: 1391: 1370: 1344: 1330: 1308: 1297:on 12 May 2015 1277: 1263: 1236: 1229: 1209: 1202: 1182: 1175: 1157: 1150: 1121: 1114: 1090: 1083: 1065: 1058: 1034: 1013: 991: 977: 957: 932: 914: 912: 909: 908: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 845:Digital divide 842: 837: 830: 827: 810: 809: 806: 803: 800: 789: 786: 760:A majority of 757: 754: 750: 749: 746: 743: 709:European Union 704: 703:European Union 701: 679:United Nations 674: 671: 649: 646: 640: 637: 629:Kyoto Protocol 616: 613: 575: 572: 515: 512: 510: 507: 501: 498: 437: 434: 403: 400: 391: 388: 387: 386: 364: 363: 349: 348: 330: 329: 322:United Kingdom 232:Western Europe 224:United Nations 199: 196: 148:political risk 85: 60: 39: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4100: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3830:United States 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3815:Minimum wages 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3476:PROSUR/PROSUL 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3371:Craiova Group 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3286:ABCANZ Armies 3284: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3091:Protestantism 3089: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3011:Sovereigntism 3009: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2906:Scholasticism 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2595:War on terror 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2488:Modern period 2486: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344:Western world 2338: 2333: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2274: 2272:9781591403548 2268: 2264: 2263: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2203: 2196: 2193:Quinn, J. B. 2189: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2139: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2107:9780671633776 2103: 2099: 2094: 2093: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2074:9780671633776 2070: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2011: 2008: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1940: 1936: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1868:0-415-34208-2 1864: 1860: 1859: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830:0-275-93578-7 1826: 1822: 1821: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1803:0-8264-4719-8 1799: 1795: 1794: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771:9780742551244 1767: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735:81-203-1902-8 1731: 1727: 1726: 1718: 1715: 1702: 1692: 1689: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1622: 1621:Gleick, Peter 1616: 1613: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1584:0-14-303655-6 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538:0-14-026831-6 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1514: 1501: 1497: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1481:0-14-026831-6 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1460: 1457: 1452: 1450:0-19-507851-9 1446: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1417:0-275-97804-4 1413: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1392:0-275-93578-7 1388: 1384: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1345: 1333: 1331:0-87073-943-3 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:"Third World" 1312: 1309: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1266: 1264:0-87073-943-3 1260: 1256: 1252: 1251:"Third World" 1245: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230:0-87073-943-3 1226: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1203:0-7619-9476-9 1199: 1195: 1194: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1176:0-19-878071-0 1172: 1168: 1161: 1158: 1153: 1151:1-85775-769-6 1147: 1143: 1142: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1115:1-85788-292-X 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1084:0-205-26435-2 1080: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1001: 995: 992: 980: 978:1-85775-769-6 974: 970: 969: 961: 958: 946: 942: 941:"First world" 936: 933: 930: 929: 924: 919: 916: 910: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 875:Globalization 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 832: 828: 826: 824: 823:Gordon Hanson 820: 816: 807: 804: 801: 798: 797: 796: 794: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 755: 753: 747: 744: 741: 740: 739: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 702: 700: 697: 692: 688: 687:globalization 684: 680: 673:Globalization 672: 670: 668: 664: 659: 655: 647: 645: 638: 636: 634: 630: 626: 621: 614: 612: 610: 606: 600: 598: 593: 590: 586: 580: 573: 571: 568: 567:Domino Theory 564: 560: 553: 552:Domino Theory 548: 544: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 525:Marshall Plan 522: 513: 508: 506: 500:Post–Cold War 499: 497: 494: 490: 485: 482: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 452: 442: 435: 433: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 401: 399: 397: 389: 384: 380: 376: 372: 369: 368: 367: 361: 357: 354: 353: 352: 346: 342: 338: 335: 334: 333: 327: 326:United States 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 264: 263: 262: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 228:North America 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 197: 195: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 176:literacy rate 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 104: 100: 96: 92: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 58: 57:United States 54: 50: 46: 37: 33: 28: 22: 3793:Average wage 3699:power parity 3640:Fourth World 3630:Second World 3624: 3521:Western Bloc 3321:AUSCANNZUKUS 3277:Contemporary 3226:Human rights 3072:Latin Church 3046:Christianity 2996: 2955:Conservatism 2800:contemporary 2637:Architecture 2573:World War II 2533:Emancipation 2528:Abolitionism 2416:Romanization 2411:Roman legacy 2392:Roman Empire 2301:the original 2288: 2276:. 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493:communist 356:Australia 244:Australia 208:communism 97:, led by 34:" of the 3486:Schengen 3416:Eurozone 3256:Property 3251:Religion 3142:Frankish 3132:Germanic 3112:Paganism 3033:Religion 3021:European 2933:Humanism 2836:Religion 2795:Painting 2761:Internet 2712:Folklore 2683:Clothing 2654:Calendar 2630:Cyrillic 2615:Alphabet 2578:Cold War 1908:14617240 1636:archived 829:See also 514:Historic 468:and the 460:and the 396:Cold War 310:Portugal 216:Cold War 120:Cold War 36:Cold War 3660:Nominal 3331:Benelux 3236:Thought 3186:Atheism 3127:Finnish 3103:Culture 3098:Judaism 3060:Eastern 3056:Western 3051:Culture 2985:Paradox 2851:Decline 2812:Science 2688:History 2676:Studies 2659:Cuisine 2647:Periods 2607:Culture 2436:History 2402:Eastern 2397:Western 2348:culture 2175:3700687 1575:495–496 585:malaria 574:Present 559:Vietnam 375:Ireland 371:Austria 290:Iceland 282:Germany 274:Denmark 266:Belgium 198:History 134:of the 72:(i.e., 51:(i.e., 4008:(NIIP) 3871:Other 3855:Europe 3842:Wealth 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