809:
106:
Distribution of Stars, according to their Order and
Dignity, into Classes; the first Class containing those which are nearest to us, are called Stars of the first Magnitude; those that are next to them, are Stars of the second Magnitude ... and so forth, 'till we come to the Stars of the sixth Magnitude, which comprehend the smallest Stars that can be discerned with the bare Eye. For all the other Stars, which are only seen by the Help of a Telescope
595:
751:
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691:
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382:
253:
721:
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220:
778:
658:
535:
412:
352:
111:
And even among those Stars which are reckoned of the brightest Class, there appears a
Variety of Magnitude; for Sirius or Arcturus are each of them brighter than Aldebaran And there are some Stars of such an intermedial Order, that the Astronomers have differed in classing of them; some putting the
92:
Hipparchus ranked his stars in a very simple way. He listed the brightest stars as "of the first magnitude", which meant "the biggest." Stars less bright
Hipparchus called "of the second magnitude", or second biggest. The faintest stars visible to the naked eye he called "of the sixth magnitude".
105:
The fixed Stars appear to be of different bignesses, not because they really are so, but because they are not all equally distant from us. Those that are nearest will excel in Lustre and
Bigness; the more remote Stars will give a fainter Light, and appear smaller to the Eye. Hence arise the
134:
Twelve of the 22 brightest stars are on the actual
Northern sky, ten on Southern sky. But on the seasonal evening sky, they are unevenly distributed: In Europe and USA 12–13 stars are visible in winter, but only 6–7 in summer. Nine of the brightest winter stars are part of the
112:
same Stars in one Class, others in another. For
Example: The little Dog was by Tycho placed among the Stars of the second Magnitude, which Ptolemy reckoned among the Stars of the first Class
286:
1106:
475:
125:, γ Orionis). The table below shows 22 stars brighter than +1.5 mag, but 5 of them the Greek astronomers probably didn't know for their far southern position.
1143:
53:, introduced the magnitude scale. He allocated the first magnitude to the 20 brightest stars and the sixth magnitude to the faintest stars visible to the
986:
965:
64:
defined, so that a star of magnitude 1.00 is exactly 100 times as bright as one of 6.00. The scale was also extended to even brighter
1193:
131:
has an apparent magnitude of almost exactly 1.5, so it may be considered a first magnitude sometimes due to minor variations.
996:
1188:
1054:
1155:
Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data
Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system".
101:
During a series of lectures given in 1736 at the
University of Oxford, its then Professor of Astronomy explainedː
940:
34:
887:
869:
121:
In the modern scale, the 20 brightest stars of
Hipparchos have magnitudes between -1.5 (Sirius) and +1.6 (
899:
128:
1164:
1134:
907:
1198:
65:
991:
James. B Kahler, "First
Magnitude: A Book of the Bright Sky". World Scientific, 2013. 239 pages.
935:
160:
42:
992:
982:
961:
167:
1017:
883:
1168:
1138:
1098:
919:
269:
182:
136:
50:
1125:
Ducati, J. R. (2002). "Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system".
1182:
1040:
895:
794:
707:
518:
17:
957:
886:
that are first-magnitude objects, accumulatively brighter than +1.50, such as the
1081:
915:
911:
1112:
461:
176:
46:
891:
737:
614:
122:
77:
61:
54:
38:
903:
491:
308:
1043:. Campbell, Frederick. Journal: Popular Astronomy, 1917. Vol. 25, p.245
825:
677:
428:
368:
239:
923:
855:
551:
206:
187:
69:
960:), Chapter 15.1 (p. 735–737). Pearson Studium Verlag, München,
767:
644:
581:
398:
73:
60:
In the 19th century, this ancient scale of apparent magnitude was
338:
974:, Chapter 5 (Stars of the Southern Sky). MaGraw-Hill, New York
81:
109:
103:
1105:(5th revised (Preliminary Version) ed.).
1083:An Introduction to the True Astronomy, 3rd ed
8:
926:as the brightest stars of the latter four).
1157:CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues
1127:CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues
153:
148:(18 of them visible in Hipparchos' Greece)
1097:Hoffleit, D.; Warren, W. H. Jr. (1991).
1009:
970:H.Bernhard, D.Bennett, H.Rice, 1948:
954:Astronomie. Die kosmische Perspektive
143:Table of the 22 first-magnitude stars
7:
1086:. London: Henry Lintot. p. 47.
1041:Learning the First-Magnitude Stars
45:lower (i.e. brighter) than +1.50.
25:
1053:Alan MacRobert (1 August 2006).
878:First-magnitude deep-sky objects
27:Brightest star in the night sky
1055:"The Stellar Magnitude System"
952:Jeffrey Bennett et al., 2010:
1:
882:Beside stars there are also
981:Cassell Publishers Limited
972:New Handbook of the Heavens
1215:
97:Naked-eye magnitude system
1194:Observational astronomy
1018:"First Magnitude Stars"
941:List of brightest stars
117:Distribution on the Sky
888:Large Magellanic Cloud
114:
108:
1144:Vizier catalog entry
1103:Bright Star Catalogue
1061:. Sky & Telescope
977:Patrick Moore, 1996:
139:or surrounded by it.
129:Epsilon Canis Majoris
31:First-magnitude stars
1080:Keill, John (1739).
908:Alpha Persei Cluster
274:Rigil Kent, Toliman
18:First magnitude star
1169:2002yCat.2237....0D
1139:2002yCat.2237....0D
1099:"Entry for HR 2491"
1059:skyandtelescope.com
43:apparent magnitudes
936:Absolute magnitude
1189:Stellar astronomy
987:978-0-3043-4903-6
966:978-3-8273-7360-1
875:
874:
671:
608:
455:
302:
168:Bayer designation
80:(-12.7), and the
16:(Redirected from
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884:deep-sky objects
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655:B1 III-IV, B2 V
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270:α Cen AB (α Cen)
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66:celestial bodies
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999:, 9789814417426
979:Brilliant Stars
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62:logarithmically
35:brightest stars
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183:Spectral class
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137:Winter Hexagon
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51:1st century BC
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536:Hadar (Agena)
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531:
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523:Agena, Hadar
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1092:
1082:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
1012:
978:
971:
958:Harald Lesch
953:
881:
299:−0.05
266:−0.27
233:−0.74
200:−1.46
172:Proper name
133:
127:
120:
110:
104:
100:
91:
59:
30:
29:
916:Theta Tauri
912:Eta Carinae
688:M1.5 Iab-b
1199:Photometry
1183:Categories
1027:2017-08-31
1004:References
997:9814417424
947:Literature
476:Betelgeuse
462:Betelgeuse
283:G2 V/K1 V
175:Distance (
88:Hipparchus
76:(-4), the
47:Hipparchus
1065:31 August
892:Milky Way
797:, Becrux
752:Fomalhaut
738:Fomalhaut
629:Aldebaran
615:Aldebaran
319:K1.5 III
123:Bellatrix
84:(-26.7).
78:full Moon
55:naked eye
49:, in the
39:night sky
930:See also
906:and the
904:Pleiades
806:B0.5 IV
718:K0 IIIb
506:Achernar
492:Achernar
439:F5 IV-V
323:Arcturus
309:Arcturus
221:Sirius A
72:(-1.5),
68:such as
33:are the
1165:Bibcode
1135:Bibcode
920:Alcyone
840:Regulus
826:Regulus
692:Antares
678:Antares
625:K5 III
596:Acrux A
532:B1 III
502:B3 Vpe
472:M2 Iab
443:Procyon
429:Procyon
409:B8 Iab
383:Capella
369:Capella
254:Canopus
240:Canopus
157:
41:, with
37:in the
995:
985:
964:
924:Mirfak
910:(with
900:Hyades
870:Adhara
866:B2 II
856:Adhara
852:ε CMa
836:B8 IV
822:α Leo
810:Mimosa
795:Mimosa
791:β Cru
775:A2 Ia
772:2,600
764:α Cyg
734:α PsA
722:Pollux
708:Pollux
704:β Gem
674:α Sco
641:α Vir
611:α Tau
578:α Cru
566:Altair
552:Altair
548:α Aql
488:α Eri
458:α Ori
425:α CMi
395:β Ori
365:α Aur
335:α Lyr
305:α Boo
250:F0 Ia
236:α Car
207:Sirius
203:α CMa
188:SIMBAD
161:V Mag.
70:Sirius
1163:: 0.
1133:: 0.
956:(Ed.
849:1.50
819:1.39
788:1.30
779:Deneb
768:Deneb
761:1.25
748:A3 V
731:1.16
701:1.15
668:1.09
659:Spica
645:Spica
638:1.04
605:0.85
592:B1 V
582:Acrux
575:0.77
562:A7 V
545:0.77
519:β Cen
515:0.60
485:0.50
452:0.42
422:0.34
413:Rigel
399:Rigel
392:0.12
362:0.08
349:A0 V
332:0.03
297:0.005
264:0.004
231:0.003
217:A1 V
198:0.001
74:Venus
1161:2237
1131:2237
1113:V/50
1067:2017
993:ISBN
983:ISBN
962:ISBN
922:and
863:430
803:350
685:600
652:260
589:320
529:350
499:140
469:640
406:860
353:Vega
339:Vega
280:4.4
247:310
214:8.6
164:(m)
1111:ID
1107:CDS
846:22
833:77
816:21
785:20
758:19
745:25
728:18
715:34
698:17
670:var
665:16
635:15
622:65
607:var
602:14
572:13
559:17
542:12
512:11
482:10
454:var
436:11
376:42
346:25
316:37
301:var
278:000
212:000
82:Sun
1185::
1159:.
1129:.
1101:.
1057:.
1020:.
918:,
914:,
902:,
898:,
894:,
890:,
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620:00
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449:9
434:00
419:8
389:7
374:00
359:6
344:00
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314:00
293:4
260:3
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194:1
179:)
177:ly
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1171:.
1167::
1141:.
1137::
1115:.
1109:.
1069:.
1030:.
861:0
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650:0
587:0
527:0
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245:0
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.