45:. Overtraining is also known as chronic fatigue, burnout and overstress in athletes. It is suggested that there are different variations of overtraining, firstly monotonous program over training suggest that repetition of the same movement such as certain weight lifting and baseball batting can cause performance plateau due to an adaption of the central nervous system which results from a lack of stimulation. A second example of overtraining is described as chronic overwork type training where the subject may be training with too high intensity or high volume and not allowing sufficient recovery time for the body. Up to 10% of elite endurance athletes and 10% of American college swimmers are affected by overtraining syndrome (unexplained underperformance for approximately 2 weeks even after having adequate resting time).
389:
Thus, if avoiding overtraining means preventing exhaustion, passive recovery or "static rest" is safest. If active recovery is performed during intense exercise, an athlete may find themselves in a state of being overtrained. The gradual variation of intensity and volume of training is also an effective way to prevent overtraining.
37:. Overtraining can be described as a point where a person may have a decrease in performance and plateauing as a result of failure to consistently perform at a certain level or training load; a load which exceeds their recovery capacity. People who are overtrained cease making progress, and can even begin to lose
388:
Passive recovery, instead of active recovery, is a form of rest that is recommended to be performed by athletes in between rigorous, intermittent exercise. With active recovery, time to exhaustion is much shorter because the muscles are deoxygenated at a much quicker rate than with passive recovery.
153:
Overtraining can affect the athlete's athletic ability and other areas of life, such as performance in studies or the work force. An overtrained athlete who is suffering from physical and or psychological symptoms could also have trouble socialising with friends and family, studying for an exam or
261:
Adapting nutritional intake can help to prevent and treat overtraining. Athletes in different fields will emphasize different proportional nutrition factors on the diet mainly including proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The diet includes a calorie intake that at least matches expenditure, ideally
174:
generated and regulated by the exercise. Whether strictly due to this chemical by-product or not, some people can be said to become addicted to or fixated on psychological/physical effects of physical exercise and fitness. This may lead to over exercise, resulting in the "overtraining" syndrome.
1291:
Veljkovic, M.; Dopsaj, V.; Stringer, W. W.; Sakarellos-Daitsiotis, M.; Zevgiti, S.; Veljkovic, V.; Glisic, S.; Dopsaj, M. (15 June 2009). "Aerobic exercise training as a potential source of natural antibodies protective against human immunodeficiency virus-1: Aerobic exercise against HIV-1".
119:
It is important to note the difference between overtraining and over-reaching; over-reaching is when an athlete is undergoing hard training but with adequate recovery, overtraining however, is when an athlete is undergoing hard training without the adequate recovery. With over-reaching, the
380:, unless performed incorrectly and in harmful environments, CrossFit presents no serious physical threat to the human body, and research into whether rhabdomyolysis cases and CrossFit are correlated is inconclusive.
293:
is the protein that causes the lethal reaction in the body. Early detection of the syndrome is essential in full recovery. A serious late complication of rhabdomyolysis which occurs in 15% of the population is
166:. Addiction can be defined as the frequent engaging in the behavior to a greater extent or for a longer time period than intended. It is theorized that this addiction is due to natural
374:
has become more and more prevalent and popular, this has led to speculation that spikes in rhabdomyolysis cases are related to CrossFit. According to a study performed in the
285:
is an extreme and potentially deadly form of overtraining that leads to a breakdown of skeletal muscle which makes its way into the blood. Many molecules such as potassium,
1199:
1476:
376:
660:
1078:
575:
1335:
77:, a persistently high heart rate after adequate rest such as in the morning after sleep, can be an indicator of overtraining.
1024:
Draeger, John; Yates, Alayne; Crowell, Douglas (2005). "The
Obligatory Exerciser: Assessing an Overcommitment to Exercise".
61:
1562:
266:
ratio. During the recovery process, extra calories from diets may help the body speed the recovery. Finally, addressing
70:, different from just being tired from a hard training session, occurs when fatigue continues even after adequate rest.
1474:
Hak, Paul Taro; Hodzovic, Emil; Hickey, Ben (2013). "The nature and prevalence of injury during CrossFit training".
997:
Adams, Jeremy; Kirkby, Robert (1998). "Exercise dependence: A review of its manifestation, theory and measurement".
863:
Lehmann, M.J.; Lormes, W.; Opitz-Gress, A; Steinacker, J.M.; Netzer, N.; Foster, C.; Gastmann, U. (17 March 1997).
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81:
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215:
The most effective way to treat the effects of overtraining is to allow the body enough time to recover:
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200:
1366:"Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance"
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Short sprints with long resting time once the athlete is able to continue with light training.
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Splitting the training program so that different sets of muscles are worked on different days.
103:
38:
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are used up faster than they are supplied in the diet, a condition sometimes referred to as "
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A number of possible mechanisms for overtraining have been proposed. One stipulates that
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1215:"Cytokine hypothesis of overtraining: a physiological adaptation to excessive stress?"
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865:"Training and overtraining: an overview and experimental results in endurance sports"
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Hemmings, Brian; Smith, Marcus; Graydon, Jan; Dyson, Rosemary (28 October 1999).
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905:
528:
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407:
471:"Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood"
184:
1442:
17:
1010:
819:"Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes"
192:
74:
1517:"Passive versus active recovery during high-intensity intermittent exercises"
1166:
53:
Listed below are some of the common effects and cited signs of overtraining.
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occurs when a person exceeds their body's ability to recover from strenuous
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1150:"Protein and Overtraining: Potential Applications for Free-Living Athletes"
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consequential drop in performance can be resolved in a few days or weeks.
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204:
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34:
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243:
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596:"A review of overtraining syndrome-recognizing the signs and symptoms"
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are created faster than the body can heal them. Another proposes that
770:"Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndrome"
359:
188:
93:
56:
Overtraining may be accompanied by one or more concomitant symptoms:
438:"Overtraining: A Review of the Signs, Symptoms and Possible Causes"
1148:
Lowery, & Forsythe, Lonnie, & Cassandra (April 19, 2006).
236:
162:
Like pharmacological drugs, physical exercise may be chemically
962:
Mitchell A (2007). "Confronting
Addiction Across Disciplines".
1096:"Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes"
716:"Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes"
1441:
Sauret, John M.; Marinides, George; Wang, Gordon K. (2002).
408:"Overtraining - Learn how to identify Overtraining Syndrome"
203:
has been considered as a mechanism in which the release of
289:, phosphate, and myoglobin are released into circulation.
904:
Kreider, R. B.; Fry, A. C.; O'Toole, M. L., eds. (1998).
1294:
Scandinavian
Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
219:
Taking a break from training to allow time for recovery.
566:
Whyte, Gregory; Harries, Mark; Williams, Clyde (2005).
666:. American College of Sports Medicine. Archived from
274:has been proposed as a way to speed up recovery.
249:Self-massage or rub down of the affected muscles.
1521:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
1411:
1409:
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589:
587:
1477:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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442:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
377:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
222:Reducing volume and/or intensity of training.
8:
1198:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1219:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
298:, and in some cases it can lead to death.
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1154:International Society of Sports Nutrition
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964:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology
923:"Addiction: definition and implications"
570:. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 46–49.
207:activates an excessive immune response.
27:Result from excessive strenuous exercise
661:"Overtraining with Resistance Exercise"
398:
270:deficiencies with improved diet and/or
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512:"Overtraining Syndrome in the Athlete"
7:
1515:Dupont Grégory; et al. (2004).
869:Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
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568:ABC of sports and exercise medicine
1534:10.1249/01.mss.0000113477.11431.59
1370:British Journal of Sports Medicine
940:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01620.x
774:British Journal of Sports Medicine
768:Budgett, Richard (10 March 1998).
641:. The American Council on Exercise
639:"Top 10 Signs You're Overtraining"
25:
1338:. Rice University. Archived from
1112:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-7-.x
1094:MacKinnon, Laurel (30 May 2000).
732:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-7-.x
714:MacKinnon, Laurel (30 May 2000).
1306:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00962.x
1232:10.1097/00005768-200002000-00011
1213:Smith, Lucille (November 1999).
1026:The Physician and Sportsmedicine
817:Brenner, Joel S (June 1, 2007).
594:Johnson, MB; Thiese, SM (1992).
510:Carfagno D.; Hendrix J. (2014).
455:10.1519/00124278-199102000-00006
1067:Baldwin, Dave R. (2002-03-27).
693:"Overtraining and Osteoporosis"
516:Current Sports Medicine Reports
488:10.1590/s1807-59322005000100012
1272:. Hospital for Special Surgery
1070:Exercise Motivational Triggers
469:Peluso M., Andrade L. (2005).
406:Walker, Brad (17 March 2002).
146:Inability to complete workouts
1:
1100:Immunology & Cell Biology
1486:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000318
1417:"Overtraining Recovery Tips"
600:Journal of Athletic Training
529:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000027
86:Increased susceptibility to
999:Research in Sports Medicine
720:Immunology and Cell Biology
366:CrossFit and rhabdomyolysis
1584:
1448:American Family Physician
1073:. iUniverse. p. 53.
1011:10.1080/15438629809512532
283:Exertional rhabdomyolysis
143:Poor physical performance
1167:10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-42
246:of the affected muscles.
1336:"Overtraining Syndrome"
1038:10.3810/psm.2005.06.101
272:nutritional supplements
92:Increased incidence of
835:10.1542/peds.2007-0887
242:Deep-tissue or sports
129:Early onset of fatigue
82:heart rate variability
1382:10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
976:10.1353/ppp.2007.0016
907:Overtraining in sport
786:10.1136/bjsm.32.2.107
302:Clinical presentation
201:systemic inflammation
154:preparing for work.
1563:Exercise physiology
296:acute kidney injury
262:forming a suitable
921:Goodman A (1990).
197:protein deficiency
60:Persistent muscle
49:Signs and symptoms
1419:. Health Guidance
1342:on 21 August 2009
1080:978-0-595-21603-1
933:(11): 1403–1408.
910:. Human Kinetics.
577:978-0-7279-1813-0
436:Stone, M (1991).
333:Tea colored urine
73:Elevated resting
16:(Redirected from
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1443:"Rhabdomyolysis"
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134:aerobic capacity
109:Mental breakdown
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18:Fitness fanatic
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695:. WebMD, LLC
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668:the original
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99:Irritability
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31:Overtraining
30:
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318:Muscle pain
193:amino acids
185:microtrauma
124:Performance
66:Persistent
1557:Categories
823:Pediatrics
417:2016-05-17
393:References
384:Prevention
321:Tenderness
168:endorphins
132:Decreased
104:Depression
88:infections
75:heart rate
984:143689824
927:Addiction
448:: 35–50.
353:Agitation
350:Confusion
291:Myoglobin
235:Increase
225:Suitable
211:Treatment
205:cytokines
179:Mechanism
164:addictive
1543:14767255
1502:43006518
1494:24276294
1461:11898964
1400:10786866
1322:25079796
1314:19538533
1249:22001535
1241:10694113
1186:18500962
1133:12 April
1128:37150248
1120:11050533
1054:37636507
1046:20086364
886:15 April
848:15 April
843:17545398
753:15 April
748:37150248
740:11050533
622:16558192
546:38361107
538:24412891
497:15838583
372:CrossFit
356:Delirium
330:Bruising
327:Weakness
324:Swelling
172:dopamine
94:injuries
80:Reduced
62:soreness
39:strength
35:exercise
1423:25 June
1391:1724183
1346:25 June
1276:25 June
1177:2129153
949:2285834
881:9190120
804:9631215
795:1756078
699:25 June
677:25 June
645:25 June
613:1317287
475:Clinics
340:Malaise
268:vitamin
244:massage
189:muscles
187:to the
114:Burnout
68:fatigue
43:fitness
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1492:
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360:Anuria
347:Emesis
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306:": -->
1498:S2CID
1318:S2CID
1245:S2CID
1124:S2CID
1050:S2CID
980:S2CID
744:S2CID
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664:(PDF)
542:S2CID
336:Fever
239:time.
237:sleep
158:Cause
1539:PMID
1490:PMID
1457:PMID
1425:2014
1396:PMID
1348:2014
1310:PMID
1278:2014
1237:PMID
1200:link
1182:PMID
1135:2015
1116:PMID
1075:ISBN
1042:PMID
945:PMID
888:2015
877:PMID
850:2015
839:PMID
800:PMID
755:2015
736:PMID
701:2014
679:2014
647:2014
618:PMID
572:ISBN
534:PMID
493:PMID
308:edit
257:Diet
170:and
140:max)
41:and
1529:doi
1482:doi
1386:PMC
1378:doi
1302:doi
1227:doi
1172:PMC
1162:doi
1108:doi
1034:doi
1007:doi
972:doi
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831:doi
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