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123:
The sense of holiness or sacredness regarding the Five Grains proceeds from their traditional ascription to the saintly rulers credited with creating China's civilization. They were seen not merely as five crops chosen from many options but as the source permitting
443:"Lord Millet") is sometimes credited with the original provision of millet from heaven to mankind and sometimes credited with its exemplary cultivation. Lord Millet was a title bestowed upon this figure by King
114:
grains or staple crops of which the end produce is of a granular nature. The identity of the five grains has varied over time, with different authors identifying different grains or even categories of grains.
189:
By the time of written records, the development of agriculture in China had become greatly mythologized. There were various traditions regarding which of the early
Chinese leaders introduced the Five Grains:
835:
in which five dry seeds are placed into a slot in the chimney of the stove. Casual worshippers may simply use any five beans (e.g., of different colors) instead of any particular set of grains.
1923:
145:
was seen as an embodiment of this society, one's behavior towards the Five Grains could take on political meaning: as a protest against the overthrow of the
1382:
157:
ostentatiously refused to eat the Five Grains. Such rejections of the grains for political reasons underwent a complex development into the concept of
1862:
1678:
613:) who succeeded in these areas were later conquered and culturally assimilated by the northern Chinese dynasties during the historical period.
1268:
451:, and may have been an early position in the Chinese government. He was later worshipped as one of the patron gods of abundant harvests, like
1355:
1869:
34:
1471:
1890:
1243:
1410:
1059:
1033:
1955:
1948:
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94:. Sometimes the crops themselves were regarded as sacred; other times, their cultivation was regarded as a sacred boon from a
27:
This article is about the five grain crops important to China. For the five grain crops that cause leavening at
Passover, see
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There are various versions of which five crops (or even broad categories of crops) are meant by this list.
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975:
537:–3000 BC), the peoples of the Yellow River were growing millet extensively, along with some
1339:
Alan
Davidson, Tom Jaine, The Oxford companion to food, p. 305, article on "five grains of China"
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is not known for any single recipe using all five grains, so there is no grain equivalent of
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422:, was also credited in ancient texts as the first teacher of cultivation to his subjects.
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630:, reputed to be a record of an oral tradition first delivered by Shennong himself. The
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590:–6100 BC) has left rice farming tools at some locations, though not at the
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17:
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849:). Many, perhaps most, Chinese cooking employs the grains in some fashion, though:
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Assortments of five grains continue to be used in ritual contexts, as in the
572:–2000 BC) displays more advanced sericulture and definite cities.
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itself. "Squandering the Five Grains" was seen as a sin worthy of torment in
1909:
1806:
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1173:
1120:
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902:
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635:
609:–4500 BC) certainly cultivated rice. The various people (such as
591:
419:
319:
257:("Story of Chaos") describes Shennong finding the seeds of the Five Grains:
239:
792:) as describing similar categories: suigu, sangu, jiaogu, qigu, and shugu.
406:
1199:(section on Zhuangzi) where some shenren (神人 "divine person") do not eat (
230:
credited with the development of agriculture. He was often conflated with
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1128:(section Grains), in whose myths deities brought seeds of five grains
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939:
are granularity and diversity, as the images below may help to show:
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One modern
Chinese dictionary notes other candidates including
234:(the "Flaming Emperor") and is also sometimes described as the
698:
Ritual of
Measuring and Handling Light and Heavy Property
386:
Then later people were able to fry dishes in sesame oil.
1189:
who is described as a Zhou prince later deified as the
388:
Shennong planted the five grains and they all survived,
1238:戴逸, 龔書鐸. (2003) 中國通史. 史前 夏 商 西周. Intelligence press.
1229:. Oxford University Press, 2008. Accessed 11 Aug 2013.
1119:, a spirit with jurisdiction over the five grains and
390:
Because they were helped by the six species of trees.
418:"Yellow Emperor"), placed 2699–2588 BC by
242:'s chronology placed him around 2737–2699 BC.
1933:
1791:
1765:
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1459:
1398:
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Shennong was pleased that he got two seeds of them.
45:
to whom Wǔgǔ offerings are made in some traditions.
336:So it was difficult for Shennong to get its seeds.
1924:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
1167:, 1587–1666 CE, who offers a late period list of
1143:, Tibetan cultural hero story involving 5 grains
710:) instead lists five categories: "house" grain (
284:And from then on humans were able to eat millet.
1257:
1255:
624:The Five Grains traditionally date back to the
370:Then later people were able to eat pastry food.
83:) are a grouping (or set of groupings) of five
935:Some of the characteristics of the concept of
310:And from then on humans were able to eat rice.
211:ploughing fields in a mural painting from the
1376:
1296:
1294:
781:
771:
755:
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711:
701:
526:–5400 BC) also ate millet. By the
8:
1176:, example of distillation applied to grains
752:Pronunciation and Meaning of All Scriptures
268:He looked carefully, he examined carefully,
1383:
1369:
1361:
557:; but may have been limited to migratory
328:and was able to grow in infertile fields.
658:(稻). Another version replaces rice with
238:or "Divine Emperor of the Five Grains".
203:
1214:
1081:, a traditional Daoist dietary practice
941:
638:in the 6th and 5th centuries BC lists
1350:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1157:, soil and grain concept in East Asia
7:
1103:History of agriculture#Ancient China
326:The adzuki bean was so easy to plant
1870:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
1151:, ancient Chinese agricultural text
278:And he went to open up a wasteland.
1472:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
358:Barley and wheat were produced on
25:
1891:What the Master Would Not Discuss
368:And he planted them twelve times,
352:was able to be made south of the
1067:liquor, whose varieties include
1060:Agriculture in Chinese mythology
1032:
1018:
1004:
989:
974:
959:
944:
815:Modern ritual and culinary usage
306:He planted the seed seven times,
280:He planted the seed eight times,
106:can be employed in Chinese as a
1956:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
1949:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
845:or "eight treasure rice" (八寶飯,
553:, which indicates some form of
465:History of agriculture in China
366:He left them with a peach tree,
292:The seed was hiding in grasses.
286:He sought for the rice seed on
270:Then he found a seed of millet.
253:, an oral epic poem titled the
226:"Divine Farmer") was a Chinese
1917:Records of the Grand Historian
889:as a wrapping, for example in
519:along the upper Yellow River (
338:He left one seed of it with a
249:("Shennong's Ladder") area of
79:
70:
62:
1:
1884:In Search of the Supernatural
1800:Classic of Mountains and Seas
1348:Handbook of Chinese Mythology
1223:Handbook of Chinese Mythology
666:
603:
584:
566:
531:
520:
501:
482:
372:He sought the sesame seed on
1094:Manyo Botanical Garden, Nara
330:The soybean was produced on
1141:Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa
171:by avoiding certain foods.
90:that were all important in
2008:
1163:(section on Agriculture),
1108:History of Chinese cuisine
921:, and native liquors like
462:
429:
399:
197:
178:
26:
1970:Mulian Rescues His Mother
1942:Legend of the White Snake
782:
772:
756:
746:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
702:
611:hundred viet tribal union
507:–5400 BC) ate
488:–7700 BC) had
344:He planted it five times,
300:And he went to open up a
1842:The Peach Blossom Spring
1286:Chinese Mythology A to Z
763:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
677:and wheat together, and
669:lists millet, rice, the
410:Yellow Emperor (Huangdi)
102:source. More generally,
1963:The Magic Lotus Lantern
1856:Investiture of the Gods
575:In southern China, the
545:, and vegetables; wove
469:In northern China, the
384:He planted it one time.
346:Then it produced fruit,
324:He planted it one time.
308:Then it produced fruit.
282:Then it produced fruit.
1778:Peaches of Immortality
1603:Chinese guardian lions
1526:Mythological creatures
1315:Javewu.multiply.com. "
1134:, five-grains rice in
1079:Bigu (avoiding grains)
778:Assembly of Characters
681:as the "five" grains.
648:proso millet/broomcorn
602:south of the Yangtze (
411:
393:
378:He left the seed with
261:Shennong climbed onto
216:
167:practice of achieving
46:
1863:The Sorcerer's Revolt
1451:Chinese folk religion
1221:Yang Lihui & al.
1182:, a character in the
823:custom of creating a
734:), and "cart" grain (
708:Liangchu Qingzhong Yi
627:Shennong Ben Cao Jing
561:farming methods. The
409:
318:And left it with the
259:
207:
37:
29:Five species of grain
1992:Agriculture in China
1411:Godly world concepts
1055:Agriculture in China
913:starters for use in
471:Nanzhuangtou culture
294:He left it with the
272:He left it with the
185:Great Flood of China
138:, the Chinese hell.
18:Five Cereals (China)
1877:Journey to the West
1117:Ukanomitama no kami
1113:Kasama Inari Shrine
577:Pengtoushan culture
141:As the position of
59:traditional Chinese
1898:Heavenly Questions
1712:Gate of the Ghosts
1467:Gods and immortals
1431:Gods and immortals
1322:2012-04-20 at the
1271:2011-08-27 at the
1090:Five Grains Garden
1069:Five Grains Liquid
728:), "beard" grain (
716:), "loose" grain (
494:Xinglongwa culture
412:
312:He sought for the
217:
175:Legendary accounts
67:simplified Chinese
47:
1979:
1978:
1849:The Four Journeys
1392:Chinese mythology
1356:978-0-19-533263-6
843:five-spice powder
831:, a meal for the
722:), "horn" grain (
447:, founder of the
442:
417:
274:Chinese date tree
225:
181:Chinese mythology
16:(Redirected from
1999:
1934:Other folk tales
1664:Nine-headed Bird
1659:Peng (mythology)
1565:Four Holy Beasts
1460:Major personages
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952:Broomcorn millet
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883:sweet bean paste
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563:Longshan culture
536:
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528:Yangshao culture
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511:, possibly from
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126:agrarian society
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1727:Kunlun Mountain
1685:
1674:Nine-tailed fox
1521:
1477:Eight Immortals
1455:
1399:Overview topics
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1324:Wayback Machine
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1273:Wayback Machine
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1085:Chinese cuisine
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901:and beverages;
839:Chinese cuisine
817:
673:, the soybean,
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517:Dadiwan culture
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1492:Yellow Emperor
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1426:Shenmo fiction
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1288:, p. 70. 2009.
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1187:Fengshen Yanyi
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1148:Qi Min Yao Shu
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1136:Korean cuisine
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1126:Korean cuisine
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982:Foxtail millet
980:
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958:
956:
950:
943:
932:
929:
887:glutinous rice
827:stove to cook
816:
813:
768:Yang Chengtian
652:foxtail millet
618:
615:
596:Hemudu culture
559:slash and burn
498:Inner Mongolia
490:grinding tools
473:on the middle
463:Main article:
460:
457:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
402:Yellow Emperor
400:Main article:
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198:Main article:
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155:Boyi and Shuqi
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1707:Eight Pillars
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1342:Yang, Lihui,
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288:Mount Daliang
275:
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263:Mount Yangtou
258:
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1737:Moving Sands
1679:
1599:(Fox spirit)
1543:Azure Dragon
1533:Four Symbols
1347:
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1301:
1285:
1280:
1261:
1248:(in Chinese)
1234:
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911:fermentation
863:spring rolls
846:
837:
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821:Southern Min
818:
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683:
663:
634:compiled by
625:
623:
620:
600:Hangzhou Bay
574:
475:Yellow River
468:
435:
413:
360:Mount Zhushi
332:Mount Weishi
267:
254:
244:
235:
228:culture hero
218:
188:
158:
140:
133:
130:civilization
122:
111:
103:
100:supernatural
96:mythological
78:
54:
50:
48:
1835:Shenyi Jing
1649:Four Perils
1548:White Tiger
1497:Yan Emperor
907:sesame oils
881:as dishes;
833:Kitchen God
671:adzuki bean
667:cited above
664:Hei'anzhuan
607: 5000
588: 7500
570: 3000
555:sericulture
535: 5000
524: 5800
513:agriculture
505: 6200
496:in eastern
486: 8500
459:Archaeology
374:Mount Wuzhi
314:adzuki bean
302:paddy field
296:willow tree
255:Hei'anzhuan
247:Shennongjia
236:Wugu Xiandi
213:Han dynasty
169:immortality
51:Five Grains
43:Kitchen God
1752:Weak River
1644:Fox spirit
1334:References
1121:foodstuffs
919:rice wines
903:soy sauces
877:and other
354:Huai River
348:And later
340:peach tree
179:See also:
108:synecdoche
1910:Huainanzi
1807:Shi Yi Ji
1747:Red River
1597:Huli jing
1575:Fenghuang
1416:Astrology
1284:Roberts.
1174:Wuliangye
1073:Wuliangye
899:soy milks
879:dumplings
662:(麻). The
636:Confucius
592:type site
420:Sima Qian
414:Huangdi (
320:plum tree
240:Sima Qian
1986:Category
1580:Yinglong
1487:Shennong
1346:(2005).
1320:Archived
1269:Archived
1246:. p 33.
1180:Yin Hong
1075:, 五 粮 液)
1048:See also
1026:Hempseed
1012:Soybeans
847:babaofan
766:) cites
690:Buddhist
654:(稷) and
640:soybeans
380:brambles
220:Shennong
209:Shennong
200:Shennong
194:Shennong
119:Holiness
1814:Bowuzhi
1742:Penglai
1732:Longmen
1680:more...
1634:Wuzhiqi
1610:(Bixie)
1507:Chang'e
1482:Youchao
1421:Dragons
1306:. 2005.
1132:Ogokbap
1040:Sorghum
931:Gallery
891:zongzis
875:wontons
859:noodles
694:Daoxuan
692:master
598:around
579:on the
477:around
453:Lai Cho
396:Huangdi
245:In the
149:by the
143:emperor
55:Cereals
39:Zao Jun
1902:Chu Ci
1783:Xirang
1717:Fusang
1697:Buzhou
1690:Places
1669:Tianma
1629:Xiezhi
1624:Hundun
1619:Horses
1512:Hou Yi
1502:Chiyou
1446:Ghosts
1354:
1344:et al.
1266:Hou Ji
1242:
1227:p. 197
1065:Baijiu
1042:grains
999:grains
969:grains
924:baijiu
909:; and
867:breads
855:congee
825:Taoist
807:, and
801:barley
797:sesame
789:Zitong
742:Huilin
679:sesame
675:barley
594:. The
539:barley
515:. The
509:millet
492:. The
222:(神農) (
165:Taoist
85:farmed
77::
75:pinyin
69::
61::
1766:Items
1757:Youdu
1639:Yeren
1608:Pixiu
1570:Qilin
1517:Kuafu
1441:Pangu
1209:Notes
1193:(五谷星)
1184:novel
1155:Sheji
1098:Japan
967:Wheat
915:beers
757:一切經音義
703:量處輕重儀
688:-era
650:(黍),
646:(麥),
644:wheat
642:(菽),
617:Lists
479:Hebei
437:Houji
432:Houji
426:Houji
316:seed,
251:Hubei
232:Yandi
88:crops
80:Wǔ Gǔ
1702:Diyu
1614:Nian
1592:Bixi
1436:Tian
1352:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1201:Wǔgǔ
1169:Wǔgǔ
997:Rice
984:head
954:head
937:wugu
905:and
897:and
895:rice
871:tofu
851:rice
809:peas
805:oats
776:)'s
750:)'s
686:Tang
684:The
660:hemp
656:rice
551:silk
549:and
547:hemp
543:rice
445:Tang
441:lit.
416:lit.
350:tofu
224:lit.
183:and
160:bigu
151:Zhou
135:Diyu
128:and
104:wǔgǔ
49:The
41:the
1264:. "
1092:in
773:陽承天
740:).
696:'s
112:all
98:or
53:or
1988::
1773:Gu
1326:".
1317:80
1293:^
1275:".
1254:^
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893:;
873:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
811:.
803:,
799:,
786:,
783:字統
760:,
747:慧琳
737:輿穀
731:芒穀
725:角穀
719:散穀
713:房穀
706:,
604:c.
585:c.
567:c.
541:,
532:c.
521:c.
502:c.
483:c.
455:.
153:,
73:;
71:五谷
65:;
63:五穀
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298:,
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31:.
20:)
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