Skandha - Knowledge (XXG)

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has certainly no merit, logical or psychological, the individual is divided into five aggregates or groups.” However, the five khandhas, as treated in the nikāyas and early abhidhamma, do not exactly take on the character of a formal theory of the nature of man. The concern is not so much the presentation of an analysis of man as object, but rather the understanding of the nature of conditioned existence from the point of view of the experiencing subject. Thus at the most general level rūpa, vedanā, sañña, and are presented as five aspects of an individual being's experience of the world; each khandha is seen as representing a complex class of phenomena that is continuously arising and falling away in response to processes of consciousness based on the six spheres of sense. They thus become the five upādānakkhandhas, encompassing both grasping and all that is grasped."

3322:"It's possible that a senseless person — immersed in ignorance, overcome with craving — might think that he could outsmart the Teacher's message in this way: 'So — form is not-self, feeling is not-self, perception is not-self, fabrications are not-self, consciousness is not-self. Then what self will be touched by the actions done by what is not-self?' Now, monks, haven't I trained you in counter-questioning with regard to this & that topic here & there? What do you think — Is form constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord." "And is that which is inconstant easeful or stressful?" "Stressful, lord." "And is it fitting to regard what is inconstant, stressful, subject to change as: 'This is mine. This is my self. This is what I am'?" 1947:(eternal soul) which was deemed liberating by the Vedic traditions. Bronkhorst notes that "knowledge of the self plays no useful role on the Buddha’s path to liberation". What is important is not to grasp at the forms, sounds, odors, flavors, objects, and mental properties which are perceived with the six sense organs (these include mind as the sixth sense organ). The insight that the aggregates are not self aids in letting go of this grasping. 489: 3289:

to the existence of the self is of minor importance. The main thing is that knowledge of the self plays no useful role on the Buddha’s path to liberation. As certain non-Buddhist currents asserted a permanent self not subject to change because only knowledge of such a self could be useful to the attainment of liberation, it is probably justified to assume that the Buddha did not accept the existence of such a self."

8895: 8906: 6304: 6291: 3255:), and any sense of Self or I are a burden which the enlightened individual has dropped, thus becoming a "man of nothing", not clinging to anything internal or external. The perfect state of enlightenment is one without any personality, no "I am" conceit, no physical identification, no intellectual identification, no identification in direct or indirects terms related to any of the five 1070: 6281: 3195:, which is at the base of everything we are, the ground of all of our mental formations." Similarly, Trungpa (2001, pp. 73-4) states that consciousness "is the finally developed state of being that contains all the previous elements.... onsciousness constitutes an immediately available source of occupation for the momentum of the skandhas to feed on." 50: 3042:, 1999, p. 178; Trungpa, 2001, p. 21; and, Trungpa, 2002, p. 126). The one exception is in Trungpa (1976), pp. 20-23, where he states that the "strategies or impluses" of "indifference, passion and aggression" are "part of the third stage ," "guided by perception." (This section of Trungpa, 1976, is anthologized in Trungpa, 1999, pp. 55-58.) 2887:, the five skandhas are "a set of Buddhist concepts which describe experience as a five-step process" and that "the whole development of the five skandhas... is an attempt on our part to shield ourselves from the truth of our insubstantiality," while "the practice of meditation is to see the transparency of this shield." 3288:

Bronkhorst: "The aim of the teaching of the Buddha is evidently not to discover the real self. On the contrary, the preoccupation with the true nature of the self has to be given up. Only then one is ready to follow the path shown by the Buddha. Seen from this practical point of view, the question as

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Gethin: "To explain the khandhas as the Buddhist analysis of man, as has been the tendency of contemporary scholars, may not be incorrect as far as it goes, yet it is to fix upon one facet of the treatment of the khandhas at the expense of others. Thus A. B. Keith could write, “By a division which...

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The initial part of the Buddhist practice is purification of each of the above "five aggregates" through meditation, study, ritual and living by virtues, particularly abstaining from mental intoxicants. Ultimately, the practice shifts to considering these as naive, then transcending them to reach the

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Harvey writes, "This is in contrast to saññā, which knows by grouping things together, labeling them. This contrast can be seen in terms of the typical objects of these states: colours for saññā (S.III.87), but tastes (S.III.87) or feelings (M.I.292) for viññāṇa. While colours usually be immediately

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Bodhi states that six-sense-bases is a "vertical" view of human experiences while the aggregates is a "horizontal" (temporal) view. The Theravada Buddhist meditation practice on sense bases is aimed at both removing distorted cognitions such as those influenced by cravings, conceits and opinions, as

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Mathieu Boisvert states that "many scholars have referred to the five aggregates in their works on Buddhism, none have thoroughly explained their respective functions". According to Boisvert, the five aggregates and dependent origination are closely related, which explains the process that binds us

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doctrine, states Matthew MacKenzie, is a form of anti-realism about everyday reality including persons, and presents an alternative to "substantialist views of the self". It asserts that everything perceived, each person and personality, is an "aggregate, heap" of composite entities without essence.

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and William Stede, it means "bulk of the body, aggregate, heap, material collected into bulk" in one context, "all that is comprised under, groupings" in some contexts, and particularly as "the elements or substrata of sensory existence, sensorial aggregates which condition the appearance of life in

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ome of the details of tantric iconography are developed from abhidharma . Different colors and feelings of this particular consciousness, that particular emotion, are manifested in a particular deity wearing such-and-such a costume, of certain particular colors, holding certain particular sceptres

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According to Boisvert, "the function of each of the aggregates, in their respective order, can be directly correlated with the theory of dependent origination—especially with the eight middle links." Four of the five aggregates are explicitly mentioned in the sequence, yet in a different order than

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See also Nhat Hanh (1988), p. 1, and Suzuki (1960), p. 26. Nhat Hanh (1988) adds to this first verse the sentence: "After this penetration, he overcame all pain." Suzuki (1960), p. 29, notes that this additional sentence is unique to Hsuan-chuang's translation and is omitted in other versions of

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Bodhi (2000b, pp. 839-840) writes: "Whereas the teaching on dependent origination is intended to disclose the dynamic pattern running through everyday experience that propels the round of rebirth and death forward from life to life, the teaching on the five aggregates concentrates on experience in

3332:"What do you think, monks — Is consciousness constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord." "And is that which is inconstant easeful or stressful?" "Stressful, lord." "And is it fitting to regard what is inconstant, stressful, subject to change as: 'This is mine. This is my self. This is what I am'?" 4458:

We have seen how Buddhist thought criticizes the concept of an unchanging self as incoherent; however, both ancient and modern critics have argued that to do away with the self in the manner of Buddhist thought in fact creates insurmountable philosophical and moral problems.... We have seen how

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does not signify emotion (which appears to be a complex phenomenon involving a variety of concomitant mental factors), but the bare affective quality of an experience, which may be either pleasant, painful or neutral." Perhaps somewhat similarly, Trungpa (1999), p.58, writes: "Consciousness

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never tried to define what a "person" is, though scholars tend to approach the skandhas as a description of the constituents of the person. He adds that almost any Buddhist meditation teacher explains it that way, as Buddhist commentaries from about the 1st century CE onwards have done. In

3336:"Thus, monks, any form whatsoever that is past, future, or present; internal or external; blatant or subtle; common or sublime; far or near: every form is to be seen as it actually is with right discernment as: 'This is not mine. This is not my self. This is not what I am.' 1725:

The five aggregates are often interpreted in the later tradition as an explanation of the constituents of person and personality, and "the list of aggregates became extremely important for the later development of the teaching". According to this interpretation, in each

2712:. The Sanskrit version of the "Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra" ("Heart Sutra"), which may have been composed in China from Sanskrit texts, and later back-translated into Sanskrit, states that the five skandhas are empty of self-existence, and famously states "form is 4565:. (Snodgrass asserts that the term literally means "heap", and the concept refers to the teaching accepted by all Buddhist schools that "the personality is an aggregate of five constituent parts," referring back to publications from the 1930s to the 1950s.) 2561:

The interplay between the five-aggregate model of immediate causation and the twelve-nidana model of requisite conditioning is evident, for instance both note the seminal role that mental formations have in both the origination and cessation of suffering.

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According to Nattier (1992), the Heart Sutra was originally composed in Chinese and later back-translated into Sanskrit. Thereafter, it became popular in India and later Tibet. Elements in this translation are not present in Chinese versions of this

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When the sutra says that the five Skandhas have the character of emptiness..., the sense is: no limiting qualities are to be attributed to the Absolute; while it is immanent in all concrete and particular objects, it is not in itself

1275:) is a Sanskrit word that means "multitude, quantity, aggregate", generally in the context of body, trunk, stem, empirically observed gross object or anything of bulk verifiable with senses. The term appears in the Vedic literature. 3241:

appears in the early Buddhist texts: "All form is comparable to foam; all feelings to bubbles; all sensations are mirage-like; dispositions are like the plantain trunk; consciousness is but an illusion: so did the Buddha illustrate

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state of realization that there is neither person nor self within, or in any other being, states Harvey, where everyone and everything is without self or substantiality and is a "cluster of changing physical and mental processes".

1745:(unsatisfying), impermanent, and without an enduring self or essence. Each aggregate is an object of grasping (clinging), at the root of self-identification as "I, me, myself". According to Harvey, realizing the real nature of 2369:, the Theravada tradition teaches that the six sense bases accommodate "all the factors of existence"; it is "the all", and "apart from which nothing at all exists", and "are empty of a self and of what belongs to the self". 3298:

Bronkhorst: "Acquiring the insight that the various components of the person are not the self causes a wise and noble listener to turn away from material form, and so on; as a result he becomes free from desire and attains

1611:)): "constructing activities", "conditioned things", "volition", "karmic activities"; all types of mental imprints and conditioning triggered by an object. Includes any process that makes a person initiate action or act. 2481:. These were integrated with a branched list that describes the conditioning of mental processes, akin to the five skandhas. Eventually, this branched list developed into the standard twelvefold chain as a linear list. 3228:

lacks a self and substantiality. The aggregates are appearances which don't have an essence either separately or together, all that is perceived as an aggregate or a whole has no real existence. This is the "non-self"

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Rupert Gethin also notes that the five skandhas are not merely "the Buddhist analysis of man", but "five aspects of an individual being's experience of the world... encompassing both grasping and all that is grasped".

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its lived immediacy in the continuum from birth to death." Perhaps in a similar vein, Bodhi (2000b, pp. 762-3, n. 132) notes elsewhere that, according to the Samyutta Nikaya's subcommentary: "There are two kinds of

2576:(domains or bases), "constantly watching sensory experience in order to prevent the arising of cravings which would power future experience into rebirths," which also overlap with the skandhas. The four domains are: 3566:

was never employed by the Buddha and it is rare in the Pali Canon in general. Only in the post-canonical period does it become a standard concept, when it is extensively used in the commentarial descriptions of the

1683:)): "discrimination" or "discernment". Awareness of an object and discrimination of its components and aspects, and is of six types, states Peter Harvey. The Buddhist literature discusses this skandha as, 2817:, developed in India but played a prominent role in China. They on occasion speak of the ineffable skandhas of the Buddha (beyond the nature of worldly skandhas and beyond worldly understanding). In the 3114:

into fifty mental factors (Bodhi, 2000a, p. 26). Trungpa (2001), pp. 47ff, following the Sarvastivada Abhidharma studied in Mahayana Buddhism, states that there are fifty-one "general types" of

2693:-teachings developed from the first century BCE onward. They emphasise the "emptiness" of everything that exists. This means that there are no eternally existing "essences", since everything is 2372:

The suttas do not describe this as an alternative of the skandhas. The Abhidhamma, striving to "a single all-inclusive system", explicitly connects the five aggregates and the six sense bases:

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teachings which arise in dependence on the preceding link. While this list may be interpreted as describing the processes which give rise to rebirth, in essence it describes the arising of

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According to Damien Keown and Charles Prebish, canonical Buddhism asserts that "the notion of a self is unnecessarily superimposed upon five skandha" of a phenomenon or a living being. The

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conception of reality, which reifies dhammas. The simultaneous non-reification of the self and reification of the skandhas has been viewed by some Buddhist thinkers as highly problematic.

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This "no essence" view has been a topic of questions, disagreements, and commentaries since ancient times, both in non-Buddhist Indian religions and Buddhist traditions. The use of the

3316:, describes the impermanence of the aggregates to assert that there is no self, and the right discernment is, "this is not mine, this is not my self, this is not what I am". From 7045: 96: 1749:, both in terms of impermanence and non-self, is necessary for nirvana. This "emptiness from personality" can be found in descriptions of the enlightened, perfected state of 6435: 3446:

The apparent distinctions between the nidana model and the khandha model are reduced when, instead of using the twelve-nidana model of the Samyutta Nikaya, chapter 12

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According to Johannes Bronkhorst, the notion that the five aggregates are not self has to be viewed in light of debates about "liberating knowledge", the knowledge of

3147:

18, states: "The passage confirms the privileged status of consciousness among the five aggregates. While all the aggregates are conditioned phenomena marked by the

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They are also explained as the five factors that constitute and explain a sentient being's person and personality, but this is a later interpretation in response to

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Some scholars regard it to be a later synthesis of several older lists. The first four links may be a mockery of the Vedic-Brahmanic cosmogony, as described in the

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The Spirituality of Emptiness in Early chinese Buddhism. In: Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese; edited by Takeuchi Yoshinori

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the Buddha tells of how the Buddha's skandhas are in fact eternal and unchanging. The Buddha's skandhas are said to be incomprehensible to unawakened vision.

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do not necessarily constitute the entirety of the human experience, and that the Hindu concept of Ātman is not explicitly negated by Pāli Canon. According to

6405: 3159:: see 22:53-54). Even consciousness, however, is not a self-identical entity but a sequence of dependently arisen occasions of cognizing; see MN I 256-60." 291: 1407:

of any person, sentient being and object to be composed of four basic elements or forces: earth (solidity), water (cohesion), fire (heat) and wind (motion).

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have been misunderstood by the developing Buddhist tradition, including Theravada, to refer to four different foundations. According to Polak, the four

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The Mahayana developed out of the traditional schools, introducing new texts and putting other emphases in the teachings, especially shunyata and the

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involves the sensing or feeling of something as pleasant, unpleasant or neutral (see, for instance, SN 22). When contemporary authors elaborate on

2697:. The skandhas too are dependently originated, and lack any substantial existence. According to Red Pine, the Prajnaparamita texts are a historical 8780: 8232: 7964: 2746:

school further analysed the workings of the mind, elaborated on the concept of nama-rupa and the five skandhas, and developed the notion of the

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History of Indian Philosophy: The philosophy of the Veda and of the epic. The Buddha and the Jina. The Sāmkhya and the classical Yoga-system

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that "phenomena" or their constituents are real. The prajnaparamita notion of "emptiness" is also consistent with the Theravada Abhidhamma.

6598: 6440: 5664:, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, for the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion / Corporation Canadienne des Sciences Religieuses 8941: 8775: 3985: 1950:

Miri Albahari also objected to the usual understanding of the skandhas as denoting the absence of any "self". Albahari argued that the

1539:)): sensory and mental process that registers, recognizes and labels (for instance, the shape of a tree, color green, emotion of fear). 8672: 8222: 6317: 6248: 3259:, because "a tathagata has abandoned the personality factors". No one can find him because he has no "I", self or identity, while his 1100: 546: 503: 8765: 6518: 5995: 5646: 5631: 5616: 5601: 5583: 5562: 5546: 5531: 5513: 5482: 5467: 5452: 5424: 5361: 5339: 3825: 6661: 6225: 5844: 5902: 3212:) are painful ." The five aggregates trigger suffering, pain or unsatisfactoriness. Everything that makes a person is a factor of 8450: 8195: 3169:

identified, tastes and feelings often need careful consideration to properly identify them: discernment and analysis are needed."

3642:

This type of analysis of the aggregates (where ignorance conditions the five aggregates) might be akin to that described by the

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has also been translated as "self-nature" (Suzuki, 1960, p. 26), "separate self" (Nhat Hanh, 1988, p. 16) and "self-existence" (

8842: 8832: 1854:(a "type of sensation may act as an agent bringing about the future arising of craving and aversion"). This is determined by 8787: 8440: 8242: 8133: 8078: 6651: 3354:

is used in multiple contexts in the Pāli canon: For instance, Bodhi (2000b), pp. 527–28, identifies four different ways that

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Mindfulness in Early Buddhism: New Approaches through Psychology and Textual Analysis of Pāli, Chinese and Sanskrit Sources

8757: 8455: 8138: 6430: 6263: 5921: 3191:, this is a particularly Mahayana statement. For instance, Nhat Hanh (1999, pp. 180-1) states: "Consciousness here means 2387:

The mental sense-object (i.e. mental objects) overlap the first four aggregates (form, feeling, perception and formation);

1029: 724: 6242: 3216:, and these in Buddhist thought are not a source of pleasure but of sorrow. Nirvana requires transcendence from all five 2728: 8340: 8212: 8183: 7885: 6232: (archived 2003-02-19), table showing the five skandhas, prepared by Alan Fox (Dept. of Philosophy, U. of Delaware). 5416: 974: 749: 709: 7575: 2358:

The internal and external sense bases together form the "six sense bases". In this description, found in texts such as

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Put another way, it is through the five skandhas that clinging occurs. See, for instance, the Samadhi Sutta (SN 22:5)

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in his hand. Those details are very closely connected with the individualities of particular psychological processes.

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Sue Hamilton. "From the Buddha to Buddhaghosa: Changing Attitudes Toward the Human Body in Theravāda Buddhism." In

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is more accurate, although this implies less a process and more the static end result (the mental state of holding

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Mindfulness of Breathing (Ānāpānasati): Buddhist texts from the Pāli Canon and Extracts from the Pāli Commentaries

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s can be arranged into six triads, each triad composed of a sense object, a sense organ, and sense consciousness.

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s – six external bases, six internal bases, and six consciousnesses – function through the five aggregates. These

1822: 659: 8770: 8583: 8573: 8445: 7428: 7008: 6769: 6744: 2810: 2613:

do not refer to four different foundations of which one should be aware, but are an alternate description of the

2154: 849: 7068: 2362:, the coming together of an object and a sense-organ results in the arising of the corresponding consciousness. 804: 8875: 8227: 8041: 8019: 8012: 7915: 7448: 6884: 6829: 6450: 6256: 2946: 2478: 854: 195: 75: 1730:– body, sensations, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness – there is emptiness and no substance. 8812: 8792: 8123: 8103: 7860: 7590: 7391: 7152: 6834: 6784: 2702: 2694: 2333: 1014: 794: 629: 38: 3237:(suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness). The explicit denial of substantiality or essence in any of the five 1958:, "anattā is best understood as a practical strategy rather than as a metaphysical doctrine". To Albahari, 435: 8822: 8662: 8330: 8300: 8073: 8024: 7865: 7813: 7808: 7570: 7288: 7040: 7035: 3513:

In the Theravada canon, the English word "self-existence" is a translation of the Sanskrit word svabhava.

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expands to infinity; he is beyond the reach of the unenlightened human beings, as well as the army of the

3155:

through the sequence of rebirths.... The other four aggregates serve as the 'stations for consciousness' (

2797: 2353: 2325: 1812:

should be viewed as activities, which cause suffering, but whose unwholesome workings can be interrupted.

1093: 829: 814: 719: 714: 536: 92: 5776:, edited by Jane Marie Law. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 46–63. 2716:, emptiness is form. The same is true with feelings, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness." 8827: 8797: 8378: 8310: 8143: 8058: 8053: 7977: 7972: 7890: 6420: 3148: 2747: 2451: 2422:'s conceptions of aggregates, sense bases and dhattus (elements). This meta-scheme is known as the four 2315: 1034: 1024: 979: 298: 7443: 1964:

is an ever-present part of human nature, which is gradually "uncovered" by the cessation of ignorance.

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as "heap, aggregate", stating it refers to the explanation of the psychophysical makeup of any being.

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Buddhist thought breaks down an individual into five classes of physical and mental events known as

3021:

traditionally refers to the first four aggregates, as opposed to the fifth aggregate, consciousness.

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Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy

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is used including in terms of the "eighteen elements" and in terms of "the four primary elements" (

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The first five sense objects (visible forms, sound, smell, taste, touch) are also derivatives of

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Gethin, Ruper (1986), "The five khandhas: Their theatment in the nikāyas and early abhidhamma",

5589: 3812:. Translated by Dorje, Gyurnme; Coleman, Graham; Jinpa, Thupten. Introductory commentary by the 1791:

too are considered unreal and nonsubstantial in numerous other Buddhist Nikaya and Āgama texts.

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concept to explain the self is unique to Buddhism among major Indian religions, and responds to

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teachings that "phenomena" or its constituents are real. It also contrasts with the premise of

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This conception of consciousness is found in the Theravada Abhidhamma (Bodhi, 2000a, p. 29).

2911: 2763: 2473: 1751: 1197: 1152:), the five material and mental factors that take part in the rise of craving and clinging. 1049: 994: 924: 914: 779: 414: 392: 378: 209: 183: 169: 7645: 6809: 6799: 6563: 1543: 1208: 639: 8910: 8855: 8807: 8735: 8605: 8403: 8383: 8325: 8237: 7900: 7798: 7381: 7364: 7349: 7327: 6879: 6749: 6583: 6229: 5519: 4392:. Oxford University Press. pp. 261–264, 288–295, 297–308, 358–363, 226–227, 317–329. 4329:

Kalupahana (1975), page 86. The quote is from S 3.142, and also occurs in the Āgamas.

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The Opening of the Wisdom-Eye: And the History of the Advancement of Buddhadharma in Tibet

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Identity and Experience: the Constitution of the Human Being According to Early Buddhism.

4141: 3577:, though, does occur on various occasions in five canonical or para-canonical texts: the 3529:. When "emptiness of self" is mentioned, the English word "self" is a translation of the 2029: 5859: 3462:

where consciousness conditions name-and-form and name-and-form conditions consciousness.

27:

The five aggregates of clinging: form, sensations, perceptions, ideas, and consciousness

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was historically very influential, and has been preserved partly in the Chinese Āgama.

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developed detailed analyses and overviews of the teachings found in the sutras, called

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Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy: Tsongkhapa's Quest for the Middle Way.

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Self, No Self?: Perspectives from Analytical, Phenomenological, and Indian Traditions

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A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma: The Abhidhammattha Sangaha of Ācariya Anuruddha

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Boeddhisme. Stichter, scholen, systemen (Buddhismus - Stifter, Schulen und Systemen)

5951:"Enacting the Self: Buddhist and Enactivist Approaches to the Emergence of the Self" 3003:

In Rawson (1991: p.11), the first skandha is defined as: "name and form (Sanskrit

1741:

According to Harvey, the five skandhas give rise to a sense of personality, but are

1219: 451: 8725: 8710: 8630: 8620: 8462: 8257: 7750: 7251: 7246: 7073: 6944: 6280: 3817: 3597: 3585: 3455: 2736: 2572: 2419: 1769: 1157: 799: 684: 602: 488: 85: 7508: 7493: 7453: 6390: 5980:

Reexamining Jhana: Towards a Critical Reconstruction of Early Buddhist Soteriology

1467:)): sensory experience of an object. It is either pleasant, unpleasant or neutral. 6114: 6003: 5950: 5930: 5788: 5670: 4548: 4521: 4408: 4387: 4340: 4304: 4277: 4223: 4084: 4057: 4005: 3975: 3931: 3859: 3783: 3727: 3671: 3629:") to each of the aggregates—at least superficially similar to an application of 1135: 8695: 8685: 8524: 7665: 7650: 7433: 7241: 7169: 6949: 6779: 6681: 6528: 6400: 5845:"Playing with Fire: The pratityasamutpada from the perspective of Vedic thought" 5571: 5440: 5332:

The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya

3603: 2951: 2931: 2709: 2678: 2436:

Mental factors (cetasikas: the nama-factors sensation, perception and formation)

869: 8905: 6839: 5506:

The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Liberation Through Hearing in the Bardo

2860:), allowing one to have the illusion of "possessing" ever dynamic and spacious 1884: 17: 8640: 8598: 8474: 8280: 8205: 7819: 7803: 7765: 7745: 7660: 7640: 7615: 7523: 7458: 7438: 7184: 7115: 6986: 6869: 6774: 6724: 6656: 6382: 6372: 6345: 6053: 5828: 5691:"Conditioned Arising Evolves: Variation and Change in Textual Accounts of the 4733: 3059:

include "emotions." For example, Bodhi (2000a), p. 80, writes: "The Pali word

2793: 2724: 2720: 2390:

The mental sense organ (mind) is comparable to the aggregate of consciousness.

2380:

sense bases (visible form, sound, smell, taste and touch), and the first five

2329: 1991: 874: 634: 531: 6954: 4741: 3915: 3898: 3617:

might be the earliest occurrence in Pali literature and quotes (p. 7, esply.

2384:

sense bases (eye, ear, nose, tongue and body) are part of the form aggregate;

1920:, the "person is likely to generate craving, clinging and becoming". As with 8615: 8588: 7755: 7630: 7342: 7258: 7135: 7025: 6998: 6991: 6911: 6874: 6641: 6606: 6573: 6548: 6503: 5315:

The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya

3375:

The first five sense organs (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body) are derivates of

3360: 3039: 2916: 2834: 2830: 2732: 2265: 1757: 1229: 919: 894: 8388: 7224: 7078: 6844: 6626: 6495: 6487: 5158: 5118: 2639: 2598: 2584: 2071: 1890: 1411: 1186: 270: 7150: 5790:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, 2nd Edition

5721: 5524:

The Heart of Understanding: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra

3884: 3633:

in the Prajnaparamita Hridaya Sutra ("Heart Sutra") cited in this article.

3108: 2540: 2521: 2503: 2487: 2418:

The Abhidhamma and post-canonical Pali texts create a meta-scheme for the

2226: 1783:

In some early Buddhist texts, the individual is considered unreal but the

1645: 1573: 1069: 30:

This article is about a term in Buddhist phenomenology. For Jain use, see

8745: 8700: 8645: 8610: 8514: 8173: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7720: 7705: 7685: 7620: 7538: 7528: 7503: 7498: 7398: 7159: 7030: 7018: 6929: 6666: 6588: 6285: 5764:

Gombrich, Richard (2009), "Chapter 9. Causation and non-random process",

4209: 3017: 2941: 2789: 2743: 2713: 2461: 2291: 2275: 2219: 1773: 1761:, in which there is no longer any identification with the five skandhas. 1253: 1249: 1245: 1139: 1123: 929: 909: 904: 784: 480: 141: 5271:

Trungpa (2001) pp. 10–12; and, Trungpa (2002) pp. 124, 133–134

1703:

a series of rapidly changing interconnected discrete acts of cognizance.

8650: 8593: 8578: 7725: 7715: 7690: 7565: 7560: 7518: 7488: 7420: 7386: 7337: 7273: 7214: 7209: 7105: 7063: 6966: 6754: 6541: 6367: 6098: 5749: 5662:

The Five Aggregates. Understanding Theravada Psychology and Soteriology

3188: 2926: 2628: 2439: 2349: 2287: 2271: 2261: 2100: 2011: 1777: 1688: 1345: 1325:

in Tibetan, and the terms mean "collections or aggregates or bundles".

1237: 1175: 5910:, New York: Routledge, archived from the original on November 12, 2014 2701:

to some early Buddhist Abhidhammas. Specifically, it is a response to

330: 8730: 8715: 8551: 8413: 8393: 8168: 7830: 7710: 7700: 7635: 7263: 7219: 7204: 7194: 7164: 7145: 7088: 6971: 6739: 6611: 6355: 6350: 5354:

In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pāli Canon

3330:"... Are fabrications constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 2906: 2845: 2792:(or conventional) experience of the world by an individual, although 2771: 2642:, which arise with the contact between the senses and their objects ( 2282: 2195: 2171: 1896: 1248:

traditions assert that the nature of all aggregates is intrinsically

1233: 624: 619: 614: 577: 228: 6144:

Wayman, Alex (1990) , "The Intermediate-State Dispute in Buddhism",

6040:

Shulman, Eviatar (2007), "Early Meanings of Dependent-Origination",

4720:

Albahari, Miri (March 2002). "Against No-Ātman Theories of Anattā".

1808:

Thanissaro's view, however, this is incorrect, and he suggests that

6090: 5970:

Nattier, Jan (1992). "The Heart Sutra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?"

4407:

Irina Kuznetsova; Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad; Jonardon Ganeri (2012).

3621:. 28) from this text (Paṭis. II 178) the application of the phrase 1244:

by relinquishing attachments to aggregates. Both the Theravada and

263: 8870: 8705: 8563: 8529: 8509: 8479: 8408: 7825: 7670: 7548: 7543: 7513: 7468: 7315: 7310: 7189: 6894: 6719: 6686: 6676: 5138: 4059:

A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities

3558:) in the Pali Canon, Gal (2003), p. 7, writes: "To judge from the 3328:"... Is perception constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 3261: 2956: 2591: 2332:. Each school developed its own Abhidharma. The best-known is the 1256:

and that these aggregates do not constitute a "self" of any kind.

1138:) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings, clusters". In 859: 5710:

Frauwallner, Erich (1973), "Chapter 5. The Buddha and the Jina",

2784:. In these texts, the relation between absolute and relative was 2468:

as a psychological process, without the involvement of an atman.

8740: 7533: 7199: 6696: 5815:

Jones, Dhivan Thomas (2009), "New Light on the Twelve Nidanas",

5443:, Bhadantācariya (trans. from Pāli by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli) (1999). 3530: 3521:, p. 67). Note that Chinese versions of the Heart Sutra do 1205:

mental activity or formations or influences of a previous life (

155: 6252: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 3326:"... Is feeling constant or inconstant?" "Inconstant, lord."... 2796:

truth is realized through them. Commenting on the Heart Sutra,

8398: 6934: 5330:Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) & Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2001). 3732:. Princeton University Press. pp. 708, 721–723, 827–828. 3233:) doctrine, and it holds that a belief in self is a source of 1780:

that a living being has an eternal soul or metaphysical self.

43: 4342:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices

4279:

An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices

3697: 3695: 3693: 2426:

or ultimate realities, three conditioned, one unconditioned:

1313:

as "aggregates". Damien Keown and Charles Prebish state that

6193:

http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/g_m/kaaya_gata_sati.htm

5972:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

5720:

The Rise of the Concept of ‘Own-Nature’: (Sabhāva) in the Pa

5699:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

5435:

Ninth dharma talk on the Satipatthana Sutta (MP3 audio file)

4252:

On Buddha Essence: A Commentary on Rangjung Dorje's Treatise

5377:

Culavedalla Sutta: The Shorter Set of Questions-and-Answers

4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4153: 4151: 3340:– Majjhima Nikaya iii 15, Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu 3085:

any subsequent judgement concerning them. The English word

4650: 4648: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 3208:

states that "in brief, the five bundles of grasping-fuel (

5953:, in Siderits, Mark; Thompson, Evan; Zahavi, Dan (eds.), 5187: 5185: 4797: 4795: 3788:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 193, 232–233, 421–425. 2844:

identifies the form aggregate as the "solidification" of

2649:

the altered states of mind to which this practice leads (

2553:

which ultimately lead to the "entire mass of suffering" (

6245:, web page including description of the Five Aggregates. 4503: 4501: 4473: 4471: 3064:

consists of emotions and irregular thought patterns...."

6077:

Wayman, Alex (1971), "Buddhist Dependent Origination",

5491:

Five Piles of Bricks: The Khandhas as Burden & Path

5395:

Maha-punnama Sutta: The Great Full-moon Night Discourse

4947: 4945: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4891: 4889: 4787:

Maha-punnama Sutta: The Great Full-moon Night Discourse

4488: 4486: 3999: 3997: 3140:

In commenting on the use of "consciousness" in SN 22.3

2395:

well as "uprooting all conceivings in all its guises".

1320: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4413:

Hindu and Buddhist Ideas in Dialogue: Self and No-Self

4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 2989: 1661: 1653: 1589: 1581: 1517: 1509: 1445: 1437: 1379: 1371: 1314: 1308: 1296: 1115: 404: 397: 4573: 4571: 3665: 3663: 3661: 1290:) appears extensively in the Pali canon where, state 5504:

Fremantle, Francesca & Trungpa, Chõgyam (2003).

4964: 4962: 4960: 8841: 8756: 8671: 8369: 8271: 8154: 7851: 7779: 7606: 7479: 7419: 7054: 6920: 6860: 6705: 6597: 6527: 6381: 6326: 4553:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 137 with note 165. 3853: 3851: 3726:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). 3151:, consciousness serves as the connecting thread of 443: 427: 413: 391: 377: 361: 339: 311: 283: 255: 241: 208: 182: 168: 154: 140: 132: 125: 5477:. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. 5462:. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. 4431: 4083:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). 3670:Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). 2876:), and thus being the basis for the creation of a 2788:the Buddhist teachings. The aggregates convey the 1912:is not "conducive to insight", and without proper 1285: 1279: 1217: 1206: 1195: 1184: 1173: 1147: 1128: 6115:"Dependent Origination - the Indo-Tibetan Vision" 6024:Buddhism: an outline of its teachings and schools 4136: 4134: 4132: 3953:. Theosophical Publishing House. pp. 37–38. 3222:* Impermanent: they come into being and dissolve. 91:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 3609:Gal (p. 10) speculates that the use of the term 3419:The six sense consciousnesses are the basis for 3398:The sixth sense object (mental object) includes 2146: 2007: 1971: 449: 247: 5403:Abhidhamma, Pali commentaries, modern Theravada 4303:Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). 4113:22.79, "Being Devoured" (Bodhi, 2000b, p. 915). 3038:, they define it similarly (see, for instance, 2892: 2802: 352: 345: 5877:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. 4526:. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 85–86. 4409:"Chapter 9, see also the Introduction Chapter" 4345:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–62. 4282:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–62. 4228:. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 84–86. 4062:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 71–72. 3077:although this is typically the translation of 1629: 1621: 1557: 1549: 1485: 1477: 1429: 1421: 1401: 1363: 1355: 1183:sensations (or feelings, received from form) ( 1168:The five aggregates or heaps of clinging are: 274: 261: 146: 6264: 6215:, translated primarily by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 5594:The Myth of Freedom and the Way of Meditation 5203:Nhat Hanh (1988), p. 1. Again, also see 4715: 4713: 4523:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism 4225:Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism 4010:. Routledge. pp. 321–322, 382, 844–845. 2994:means "heap, group, collection or aggregate". 2485:the list of aggregates, which concludes with 2460:is a linear list of twelve elements from the 1677: 1669: 1605: 1597: 1533: 1525: 1461: 1453: 1394: 1387: 1094: 419: 383: 367: 232: 214: 199: 188: 174: 8: 7046:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 5932:Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays 3980:. Routledge. pp. 42, 48, 58–60, 69–70. 3450:, one compares the nine-nidana model of the 2890:Trungpa Rinpoche writes (2001, p. 38): 2833:further develops the aggregates in terms of 317: 6243:A View on Buddhism: Mind and Mental Factors 5207:, p. 2, and Suzuki (1960), p. 26. 5069:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilliams2000 ( 4907: 4659:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 4637:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 4618:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBosivert2005 ( 4599:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBoisvert2005 ( 3864:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 587–588. 3484:). A bhikkhu who sees one sees the other." 3081:meaning the apprehension of sensibilia and 3030:The Pali canon universally identifies that 1830:does not incorporate all human experience. 289: 6271: 6257: 6249: 4704: 4692: 4673: 4255:. Shambhala Publications. pp. 34–35. 4157: 3701: 3187:While not necessarily contradicted by the 2866: 2850: 2410: 2404: 1922: 1914: 1906: 1876: 1864: 1856: 1637: 1565: 1501: 1493: 1295:any form". Paul Williams et al. translate 1101: 1087: 467: 433: 160: 5557:. Emeryville, CA: Shoemaker & Hoard. 4861:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBodhi2000a ( 4842:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBodhi2000a ( 4309:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 34–37. 4176: 4089:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 664–665. 4004:Damien Keown; Charles S. Prebish (2013). 3914: 3676:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 232–234. 2974: 2972: 2880:relationship between "self" and "other." 6137:Budddhist Insight. Essays by Alex Wayman 5204: 5191: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5016: 4951: 4936: 4919: 4895: 4654: 4632: 4613: 4594: 4507: 4386:William Edelglass; Jay Garfield (2009). 3936:. Oxford University Press. p. 1141. 3518: 3382:The sixth sense organ (mind) is part of 1882:recognise the three marks of existence ( 8233:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 6180: 6164:Williams, Paul; Tribe, Anthony (2000), 5774:Religious Reflections on the Human Body 5447:. Seattle, WA: BPS Pariyatti Editions. 5445:The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga 5280:Trungpa Rinpoche (1976), pp. 20–22 5246: 4880: 4389:Buddhist Philosophy: Essential Readings 3657: 3251:The physical, the personality factors ( 2968: 2837:epistemology and tantric reifications. 2723:school elaborates on the notion of the 2583:mindfulness of feelings or sensations ( 479: 8436:List of Buddhist architecture in China 5935:, State University of New York Press, 5913: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4856: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4801: 4774: 4762: 4577: 4188: 4043: 3899:"The Five-Aggregate Model of the Mind" 3833: 3769: 3713: 2605:According to Grzegorz Polak, the four 2590:mindfulness of mind or consciousness ( 1709:the base that supports all experience. 1172:form (or material image, impression) ( 122: 5639:Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism 5432:MN 10: Satipatthana Sutta (continued) 5392:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2001b). 5383:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2001a). 5176: 4968: 3974:Paul Williams; Anthony Tribe (2000). 3816:(First American ed.). New York: 3571:and in the sub-commentarial exegesis. 1795:Aggregates of experience and grasping 1240:to the aggregates. This suffering is 7: 5374:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). 5083: 4477: 4438:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3729:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 2399:Eighteen dhātus and four paramatthas 5974:, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 153–223. 5458:Ñāṇamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). 5289:Trungpa Rinpoche (1976), p. 23 5234: 4492: 3314:The Great Full-moon Night Discourse 1236:arises when one identifies with or 1165:subscribes to this interpretation. 8223:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5539:The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching 5508:. Boston: Shambhala Publications. 4306:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 4143:The Five Aggregates. A Study Guide 3861:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 3785:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy 2840:Referring to mahamudra teachings, 1862:. According to Boisvert, "not all 552:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 547:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 81:for transliterated languages, and 61:of its non-English content, using 25: 6031:Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (1997) , 5313:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000b), 4200:Bhikkhu Bodhi, 2000b, p. 840 3480:) and origin through conditions ( 3106:The Theravada Abhidhamma divides 2538:which in turn condition craving ( 2519:which conditions the precursors ( 2306:Source: MN 109 (Thanissaro, 2001) 8904: 8894: 8893: 8451:Thai temple art and architecture 8196:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6436:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 6302: 6289: 6279: 6213:Khandavagga suttas (a selection) 6022:Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (1974), 5852:Journal of the Pali Text Society 5526:. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press. 5334:. Boston: Wisdom Publications. 4212:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013) 3131:Curzon Press 1995, page 143-146. 2786:a central topic in understanding 2631:which one needs to be aware of ( 2512:which conditions name-and-form ( 1697:cognizance, that which discerns. 1340:the five aggregates as follows: 1068: 487: 48: 6303: 6191:on kāya-sati (kāya-gatā-sati): 5879:The University Press of Hawaii. 5430:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (18 Jan 2005b). 5317:, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 4126:Curzon Press 1995, page 143-146 3930:Monier Monier-Williams (1872). 3308:According to Bikkhu Bodhi, the 2758:Shunyata, in Chinese texts, is 2580:mindfulness of the body (kaya); 2430:Material phenomena (rūpa, form) 8441:Japanese Buddhist architecture 8243:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 7323:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6514:Places where the Buddha stayed 5793:, Cambridge University Press, 5689:Bucknell, Roderick S. (1999), 5352:Bodhi, Bhikkhu (ed.) (2005a). 4430:Rupert Gethin (16 July 1998). 4376:, Curzon Press, pages 228-230. 3887:Encyclopædia Britannica (2013) 2819:Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra 2776: 2662:seven factors of enlightenment 2281:Mental Factors arise from the 1846:which is not harmful) or into 136:aggregate, mass, heap, cluster 97:multilingual support templates 1: 8456:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 5817:Contemporary Buddhism, 10 (2) 5669:Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), 5609:The Essential Chögyam Trungpa 3933:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary 3269:(demon of death in Buddhism). 3143:, Bodhi (2000b), pp. 1046-7, 2433:Mind or consciousness (citta) 1787:are considered real. But the 8213:Buddhism and the Roman world 8189:Decline of Buddhism in India 8184:History of Buddhism in India 6284: Topics in 6042:Journal of Indian Philosophy 5738:Journal of Indian Philosophy 5473:Soma Thera (trans.) (2003). 5216:Kalupahana (1975) p. 78 4520:David J. Kalupahana (1975). 4222:David J. Kalupahana (1975). 4056:David J. Kalupahana (1992). 3810:The Tibetan Book of the Dead 3073:Some translate this term as 2570:Mindfulness applies to four 1900:), and do not belong to the 750:Buddhist Paths to liberation 7411:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 7151: 5957:, Oxford University Press, 5949:MacKenzie, Matthew (2013), 5722: 5488:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2002). 5386:Khajjaniya Sutta: Chewed Up 5258:Suzuki (1960), p. 29, 5179:, p. 153-156, 196-197. 4983:, p. 173 with note 16. 4789:, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2001) 4434:The Foundations of Buddhism 4140:Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2010), 3858:Steven M. Emmanuel (2015). 3782:Steven M. Emmanuel (2015). 3109: 2990: 2867: 2851: 2541: 2522: 2504: 2501:) condition consciousness ( 2488: 2227: 1923: 1915: 1907: 1877: 1865: 1857: 1678: 1662: 1646: 1630: 1606: 1590: 1574: 1558: 1534: 1518: 1502: 1486: 1462: 1446: 1430: 1402: 1395: 1380: 1364: 1315: 1309: 1297: 1286: 1280: 1218: 1207: 1196: 1185: 1174: 1148: 1144:five aggregates of clinging 1129: 1116: 405: 353: 331: 303: 275: 233: 200: 8958: 8942:Sanskrit words and phrases 8361:The unanswerable questions 5875:Kalupahana, David (1975). 5672:Buddhist Teaching in India 5660:Boisvert, Mathieu (1995), 5225:Jinpa (2002), p. 112. 4550:The Symbolism of the Stupa 3897:Karunamuni ND (May 2015). 2708:This is formulated in the 2449: 2347: 1834:may transform into either 1826:. Boisvert notes that the 1336:The Buddha teaches in the 1321: 36: 29: 8889: 8446:Buddhist temples in Korea 7009:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 6912:Three planes of existence 6519:Buddha in world religions 6298: 6068:Swanson, Paul L. (1993), 6054:10.1007/s10781-007-9030-8 6026:, Theosophical Pub. House 5990:. NY: Thames and Hudson. 5920:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5843:Jurewicz, Joanna (2000), 5829:10.1080/14639940903239793 5637:Trungpa, Chögyam (2002). 5622:Trungpa, Chögyam (2001). 5607:Trungpa, Chögyam (1999). 5537:Nhât Hanh, Thich (1999). 4734:10.1080/09552360220142225 4547:Adrian Snodgrass (1992). 3448:(e.g., Thanissaro, 1997d) 2988:According to Dalai Lama, 2767: 2673:In the Mahayana tradition 2656:the development from the 2302: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2239: 2163: 2149: 2097: 2090: 2084: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2027: 2024: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1974: 1721:Aggregates of personality 1707:In some Mahayana sources: 1670: 1654: 1638: 1622: 1598: 1582: 1566: 1550: 1526: 1510: 1494: 1478: 1454: 1438: 1422: 1388: 1372: 1356: 1278:The Pali equivalent word 1272: 459: 434: 398: 384: 368: 346: 318: 290: 262: 215: 189: 175: 161: 147: 8228:Persecution of Buddhists 7449:Four stages of awakening 6830:Three marks of existence 6416:Physical characteristics 6187:Salient sections of the 6146:Buddhist Insight: Essays 6119:Buddhist Insight: Essays 5978:Polak, Grzegorz (2011), 5858:: 77–103, archived from 4007:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 3916:10.1177/2158244015583860 2947:Tathagatagarbha doctrine 2727:. Its basic text is the 2555:kevalassa dukkhakkhandha 2479:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 2085: 1940:produce future effects. 37:Not to be confused with 7591:Ten principal disciples 6474:(aunt, adoptive mother) 6148:, Motilal Banarsidass, 6121:, Motilal Banarsidass, 6008:, Motilal Banarsidass, 5986:Rawson, Philip (1991). 5807:Jinpa, Thupten (2002). 5783:London: Luzac Oriental, 5766:What the Buddha Thought 5675:, Wisdom Publications, 5572:Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro 5356:. Boston: Wisdom Pubs. 4086:Pali-English Dictionary 3820:. 2005. pp. xiii. 3673:Pali-English Dictionary 2477:of Veda X, 129 and the 2338:Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma 1968:In Theravada Abhidhamma 770:Philosophical reasoning 249:gugusan, gugus, agregat 8301:Buddhism and democracy 7814:Tibetan Buddhist canon 7809:Chinese Buddhist canon 7041:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 7036:Early Buddhist schools 6139:, Motilall Banarsidass 5787:Harvey, Peter (2013), 5718:Gal, Noa (July 2003). 5624:Glimpses of Abhidharma 5611:. Boston: Shambhala. 5596:. Boulder: Shambhala. 5576:Manual of Zen Buddhism 5541:. NY: Broadway Books. 5475:The Way of Mindfulness 4415:. Ashgate Publishing. 4249:Clark Johnson (2006). 3909:(2): 215824401558386. 3840:: CS1 maint: others ( 3525:contain the notion of 3224:* Anatta: each of the 3220:and the sense objects. 2897: 2811:Tathāgatagarbha Sutras 2807: 2703:Sarvastivada teachings 2695:dependently originated 2411: 2405: 2326:Early Buddhist schools 1663:sna'i rnam par shes pa 537:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 450: 420: 248: 8311:Eight Consciousnesses 6421:Life of Buddha in art 6135:Wayman, Alex (1990), 6113:Wayman, Alex (1984), 6072:, New York: Crossroad 5883:Kuan, Tse-fu (2008), 5714:, Motilal Banarsidass 5641:. Boston: Shambhala. 5626:. Boston: Shambhala. 5347:Anthologies of suttas 4372:Peter Harvey (1995), 4339:Peter Harvey (2012). 4276:Peter Harvey (2012). 3149:three characteristics 2748:Eight Consciousnesses 2619:, describing how the 2452:Dependent Origination 1840:nekkhamma-sita vedana 1828:pancha-upadanakkhanda 1254:independent existence 805:Aids to Enlightenment 630:Dependent Origination 8788:East Asian religions 8218:Buddhism in the West 7789:Early Buddhist texts 7404:Four Right Exertions 6870:Ten spiritual realms 6363:Noble Eightfold Path 6079:History of Religions 6002:Ruhe, Brian (2005), 5901:Lai, Whalen (2003), 5654:Secondary literature 5419:Pariyatti Editions. 4777:, pp. 1125–127. 3625:(Pali for "empty of 3436:(Thanissaro, 2006b). 3204:* Dukkha: The first 2813:, which concern the 2729:Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 2334:Theravāda Abhidhamma 2264:is derived from the 775:Devotional practices 598:Noble Eightfold Path 461:Glossary of Buddhism 95:. Knowledge (XXG)'s 59:specify the language 57:This article should 8911:Religion portal 8658:Temple of the Tooth 8537:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7576:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 7069:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 6852:Two truths doctrine 6672:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6472:Mahapajapati Gotamī 5929:Loy, David (2009), 5578:. NY: Grove Press. 5086:, p. i, 9, 81. 4828:, pp. 1125–26. 4816:, pp. 1122–23. 4109:See, for instance, 3947:Dalai Lama (1966). 3550:Regarding the term 3460:(Thanissaro, 1997a) 3193:store consciousness 3153:personal continuity 2937:Schools of Buddhism 2831:Vajrayana tradition 2499:saṅkhāra • saṃskāra 2497:mental formations ( 2360:Salayatana samyutta 2266:Four Great Elements 1544:"mental formations" 1305:Johannes Bronkhorst 1284:(sometimes spelled 1149:Pañcupādānakkhandhā 1142:, it refers to the 1075:Buddhism portal 948:Buddhism by country 710:Sanskrit literature 8833:Western philosophy 8431:Dzong architecture 8253:Vipassana movement 8248:Buddhist modernism 7676:Emperor Wen of Sui 7444:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7377:Threefold Training 7179:Vipassana movement 6895:Hungry Ghost realm 6715:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6662:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6411:Great Renunciation 6406:Eight Great Events 6288: 6005:Freeing the Buddha 5750:10.1007/BF00165825 5302:Primary literature 4910:, p. 167-168. 4840:, pp. 287–88. 4635:, p. 147-148. 4179:, p. 242–247. 4124:The Selfless Mind. 3476:momentary origin ( 3318:Maha-punnama Sutta 3310:Maha-punnama Sutta 3129:The Selfless Mind. 2922:Pratitya-samutpada 2735:, who refuted the 2623:are tranquilized: 1701:In the Abhidhamma: 1161:essentialism. The 562:Buddhist modernism 176:স্কন্ধ (skawndhaw) 8919: 8918: 8557:Om mani padme hum 8263:Women in Buddhism 8179:Buddhist councils 8049:Western countries 7837:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7598:Shaolin Monastery 7175:Samatha-vipassanā 6785:Pratītyasamutpāda 6589:Metteyya/Maitreya 6507: 6499: 6491: 6483: 6475: 6467: 6459: 6336:Four Noble Truths 6226:The Five Skandhas 6155:978-81-208-0675-7 6128:978-81-208-0675-7 6015:978-81-208-1835-4 5964:978-0-19-166830-2 5942:978-1-4384-2680-8 5894:978-0-415-43737-0 5800:978-0-521-85942-4 5693:Paticca-samupadda 5682:978-0-86171-811-5 5553:Red Pine (2004). 5324:978-0-86171-331-8 5055:, p. 127–28. 4560:978-81-208-0781-5 4533:978-0-8248-0298-1 4449:978-0-19-289223-2 4422:978-1-4094-5662-9 4399:978-0-19-971655-5 4374:The Selfless Mind 4352:978-0-521-85942-4 4316:978-1-119-14466-3 4289:978-0-521-85942-4 4262:978-1-59030-276-7 4235:978-0-8248-0298-1 4096:978-81-208-1144-7 4069:978-0-8248-1402-1 4017:978-1-136-98588-1 3960:978-0-8356-0549-6 3871:978-1-119-14466-3 3795:978-1-119-14466-3 3739:978-1-4008-4805-8 3683:978-81-208-1144-7 3615:Paṭisambhidāmagga 3580:Paṭisambhidāmagga 3452:Maha-nidana Sutta 3412:mental formations 3055:is considered to 2679:Bodhisattva-ideal 2638:contemplation on 2531:) to sensations ( 2505:viññāṇa • vijñāna 2489:viññāṇa • vijñāna 2322: 2321: 2318: 2308: 2244: 2243: 2161: 2116: 2115: 2080: 2038: 1990:according to the 1936:", since not all 1874:". The wholesome 1111: 1110: 593:Four Noble Truths 466: 465: 119: 118: 99:may also be used. 32:Skandha (Jainism) 16:(Redirected from 8949: 8909: 8908: 8897: 8896: 8736:Sacred languages 8584:Maya Devi Temple 8547:Mahabodhi Temple 8351:Secular Buddhism 8316:Engaged Buddhism 7156: 7004:Tibetan Buddhism 6955:Vietnamese Thiền 6554:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6505: 6497: 6489: 6481: 6473: 6465: 6457: 6306: 6305: 6293: 6283: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6195: 6185: 6169: 6166:Buddhist Thought 6158: 6140: 6131: 6109: 6073: 6064: 6036: 6027: 6018: 5983: 5967: 5945: 5925: 5919: 5911: 5909: 5897: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5864: 5849: 5839: 5803: 5769: 5760: 5730:Internet Archive 5725: 5715: 5706: 5685: 5665: 5590:Trungpa, Chögyam 5568: 5520:Nhât Hanh, Thich 5415:. Seattle, WA: 5327: 5290: 5287: 5281: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5223: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5154: 5148: 5134: 5128: 5114: 5108: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4955: 4949: 4940: 4934: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4908:Frauwallner 1973 4905: 4899: 4893: 4884: 4878: 4867: 4866: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4722:Asian Philosophy 4717: 4708: 4707:, p. 28-29. 4702: 4696: 4690: 4677: 4676:, p. 26-32. 4671: 4665: 4664: 4652: 4643: 4642: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4592: 4581: 4575: 4566: 4564: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4496: 4495:, p. 63–64. 4490: 4481: 4480:, p. 92–93. 4475: 4466: 4453: 4437: 4426: 4403: 4383: 4377: 4370: 4357: 4356: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4161: 4155: 4146: 4138: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4053: 4047: 4046:, p. 56-57. 4041: 4022: 4021: 4001: 3992: 3991: 3977:Buddhist Thought 3971: 3965: 3964: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3855: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3831: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3744: 3743: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3704:, p. 28–31. 3699: 3688: 3687: 3667: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3623:sabhāvena suññaṃ 3548: 3542: 3511: 3505: 3504:the Heart Sutra. 3501: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3482:paccaya-samudaya 3478:khanika-samudaya 3469: 3463: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3371: 3365: 3348: 3342: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3249: 3243: 3202: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3071: 3065: 3049: 3043: 3028: 3022: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2912:Atman (Buddhism) 2885:Trungpa Rinpoche 2870: 2854: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2546:) and clinging ( 2544: 2525: 2507: 2491: 2474:Hymn of Creation 2414: 2408: 2314: 2312: 2304: 2292:other aggregates 2276:other aggregates 2230: 2155:mental factors ( 2153: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2129: 2093: 2088: 2070: 2059: 2028: 2008: 1988: 1972: 1957: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1880: 1868: 1860: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1625: 1624: 1609: 1601: 1600: 1593: 1585: 1584: 1577: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1553: 1552: 1537: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1513: 1512: 1505: 1497: 1496: 1489: 1481: 1480: 1465: 1457: 1456: 1449: 1441: 1440: 1433: 1425: 1424: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1312: 1300: 1289: 1283: 1274: 1223: 1212: 1201: 1190: 1179: 1151: 1132: 1119: 1103: 1096: 1089: 1073: 1072: 800:Sublime abidings 491: 468: 455: 439: 438: 423: 408: 401: 400: 387: 386: 385:ස්කන්ධ (skandha) 371: 370: 356: 349: 348: 334: 323: 322: 306: 295: 294: 278: 267: 266: 251: 236: 225: 224: 203: 192: 191: 178: 177: 164: 163: 150: 149: 148:स्कन्ध (skandha) 123: 114: 111: 105: 90: 84: 80: 74: 70: 64: 52: 51: 44: 21: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8932:Eighteen dhātus 8922: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8903: 8885: 8837: 8752: 8667: 8404:Ordination hall 8365: 8267: 8238:Buddhist crisis 8150: 7847: 7799:Mahayana sutras 7775: 7771:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7602: 7475: 7415: 7365:Bodhisattva vow 7050: 6916: 6856: 6815:Taṇhā (Craving) 6750:Five hindrances 6701: 6593: 6523: 6377: 6322: 6294: 6277: 6239: 6230:Wayback Machine 6222: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6163: 6156: 6143: 6134: 6129: 6112: 6076: 6067: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6016: 6001: 5977: 5965: 5948: 5943: 5928: 5912: 5907: 5900: 5895: 5882: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5847: 5842: 5814: 5801: 5786: 5763: 5735: 5709: 5688: 5683: 5668: 5659: 5656: 5565: 5555:The Heart Sutra 5552: 5411:(ed.) (2000a). 5325: 5312: 5304: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5202: 5198: 5190: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5155: 5151: 5135: 5131: 5115: 5111: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4958: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4887: 4879: 4870: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4804:, p. 1123. 4800: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4765:, p. 1122. 4761: 4757: 4719: 4718: 4711: 4705:Bronkhorst 2009 4703: 4699: 4693:Bronkhorst 2009 4691: 4680: 4674:Bronkhorst 2009 4672: 4668: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4593: 4584: 4576: 4569: 4561: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4499: 4491: 4484: 4476: 4469: 4463:or aggregates". 4450: 4442:–149, 238–239. 4429: 4423: 4406: 4400: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4371: 4360: 4353: 4338: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4317: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4210:Anicca Buddhism 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4175: 4164: 4158:Bronkhorst 2009 4156: 4149: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4117: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4042: 4025: 4018: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3987:978-0-415207003 3973: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3832: 3828: 3814:14th Dalai Lama 3808: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3747: 3740: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3702:Bronkhorst 2009 3700: 3691: 3684: 3669: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3641: 3637: 3608: 3572: 3549: 3545: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3470: 3466: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3372: 3368: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3250: 3246: 3223: 3221: 3210:upadana-skandha 3203: 3199: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3157:vinnanatthitiyo 3139: 3135: 3126: 3122: 3105: 3101: 3072: 3068: 3050: 3046: 3029: 3025: 3013:Pali literature 3011:)...". In the 3002: 2998: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2902: 2842:Chogyam Trungpa 2827: 2785: 2756: 2687: 2675: 2666:dhammānupassanā 2658:five hindrances 2644:vedanānupassanā 2629:six sense-bases 2597:mindfulness of 2568: 2529:phassa • sparśa 2454: 2448: 2401: 2376:The first five 2356: 2348:Main articles: 2346: 2344:Six sense bases 2316:diagram details 2310: 2286: 2234: 2223: 2218: 2206: 2199: 2194: 2182: 2175: 2170: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2073: 2057: 2031: 2030:4 elements 1989: 1980:Five Aggregates 1976: 1970: 1955: 1934:sankharaskandha 1852:gehasita vedana 1797: 1723: 1718: 1616:"consciousness" 1334: 1328: 1262: 1163:14th Dalai Lama 1107: 1067: 1060: 1059: 950: 940: 939: 890: 880: 879: 845: 835: 834: 740: 730: 729: 700:Mahayana Sutras 680: 670: 669: 610:Five Aggregates 588: 587: 567: 566: 557:Later Buddhists 522: 402: 372: 350: 324: 296: 268: 226: 193: 190:ခန္ဓာ (ငါးပါး)။ 127: 126:Translations of 115: 109: 106: 100: 88: 82: 78: 76:transliteration 72: 68: 62: 53: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Five aggregates 15: 12: 11: 5: 8955: 8953: 8945: 8944: 8939: 8937:Twelve nidānas 8934: 8924: 8923: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8913: 8901: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8847: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8768: 8762: 8760: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8743: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8677: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8468:Greco-Buddhist 8460: 8459: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8422: 8421: 8419:Burmese pagoda 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8375: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8209: 8208: 8201:Greco-Buddhism 8198: 8193: 8192: 8191: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8160: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8134:United Kingdom 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8079:Czech Republic 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8017: 8016: 8015: 8010: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7958: 7953: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7843:Abhidharmadīpa 7840: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7761:B. R. Ambedkar 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7681:Songtsen Gampo 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7557: 7556: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7360:Eight precepts 7357: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7249: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7148: 7138: 7133: 7131:Five Strengths 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7071: 7066: 7060: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6872: 6866: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6770:Mental factors 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6622:Mahamoggallāna 6619: 6614: 6609: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6537:Avalokiteśvara 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6493: 6485: 6477: 6469: 6461: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6387: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6202:External links 6200: 6197: 6196: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6132: 6127: 6110: 6091:10.1086/462628 6085:(3): 185–203, 6074: 6065: 6048:(2): 297–317, 6037: 6028: 6019: 6014: 5999: 5984: 5975: 5968: 5963: 5946: 5941: 5926: 5898: 5893: 5880: 5873: 5840: 5823:(2): 241–259, 5812: 5805: 5799: 5784: 5779:Sue Hamilton. 5777: 5770: 5761: 5733: 5726:isambhidāmagga 5716: 5707: 5686: 5681: 5666: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5635: 5620: 5605: 5587: 5569: 5563: 5550: 5535: 5517: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5486: 5471: 5456: 5438: 5428: 5409:Bodhi, Bhikkhu 5405: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5390: 5381: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5328: 5323: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5251: 5249:, p. 373. 5239: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5196: 5181: 5169: 5149: 5129: 5109: 5088: 5076: 5057: 5045: 5043:, p. 127. 5033: 5031:, p. 138. 5021: 5009: 4997: 4995:, p. 256. 4985: 4973: 4956: 4941: 4924: 4912: 4900: 4885: 4868: 4849: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4755: 4709: 4697: 4678: 4666: 4657:, p. 148. 4644: 4625: 4616:, p. 150. 4606: 4597:, p. 147. 4582: 4567: 4559: 4539: 4532: 4512: 4497: 4482: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4448: 4427: 4421: 4398: 4378: 4358: 4351: 4331: 4322: 4315: 4295: 4288: 4268: 4261: 4241: 4234: 4214: 4202: 4193: 4181: 4177:MacKenzie 2013 4162: 4147: 4128: 4122:Peter Harvey, 4115: 4102: 4095: 4075: 4068: 4048: 4023: 4016: 3993: 3986: 3966: 3959: 3939: 3922: 3889: 3877: 3870: 3847: 3826: 3801: 3794: 3774: 3745: 3738: 3718: 3706: 3689: 3682: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3644:Twelve Nidanas 3635: 3592:Nettippakaraṇa 3543: 3506: 3496: 3486: 3464: 3439: 3427: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3366: 3350:The Pāli word 3343: 3320: 3312:, also called 3301: 3291: 3281: 3271: 3244: 3197: 3180: 3171: 3161: 3133: 3127:Peter Harvey, 3120: 3099: 3095:discrimination 3066: 3044: 3023: 2996: 2981: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2826: 2823: 2755: 2752: 2691:Prajnaparamita 2686: 2683: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2654: 2651:cittānupassanā 2647: 2636: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2581: 2567: 2564: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2536: 2517: 2510: 2458:Twelve Nidanas 2447: 2446:Twelve Nidanas 2444: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2400: 2397: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2345: 2342: 2320: 2319: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2279: 2269: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2151: 2144: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1969: 1966: 1932:belong to the 1904:. Unwholesome 1870:belong to the 1796: 1793: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1716:Interpretation 1714: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1612: 1540: 1468: 1408: 1333: 1330: 1261: 1258: 1226: 1225: 1214: 1203: 1192: 1181: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 951: 946: 945: 942: 941: 938: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 891: 886: 885: 882: 881: 878: 877: 872: 867: 865:Pratyekabuddha 862: 857: 852: 846: 841: 840: 837: 836: 833: 832: 827: 822: 820:Buddhist chant 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 741: 736: 735: 732: 731: 728: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 681: 678:Buddhist texts 676: 675: 672: 671: 668: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 606: 605: 595: 589: 586: 585: 580: 574: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 523: 518: 517: 514: 513: 512: 511: 506: 501: 493: 492: 484: 483: 477: 476: 464: 463: 457: 456: 447: 441: 440: 431: 425: 424: 417: 411: 410: 395: 389: 388: 381: 375: 374: 365: 359: 358: 343: 337: 336: 315: 309: 308: 287: 281: 280: 259: 253: 252: 245: 239: 238: 212: 206: 205: 186: 180: 179: 172: 166: 165: 162:खन्ध (khandha) 158: 152: 151: 144: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 117: 116: 56: 54: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8954: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8900: 8892: 8891: 8888: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8840: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8755: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8673:Miscellaneous 8670: 8664: 8663:Vegetarianism 8661: 8659: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8485:Buddha in art 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8368: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8270: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8139:United States 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7821: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7696:Padmasambhava 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7608:Major figures 7605: 7599: 7596: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7555: 7554:Western tulku 7552: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7355:Five precepts 7353: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7333:Dhamma vicaya 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7101:Buddhābhiṣeka 7099: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6745:Enlightenment 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6735:Dhamma theory 6733: 6731: 6730:Buddha-nature 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6569:Samantabhadra 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6494: 6492: 6486: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6274: 6269: 6267: 6262: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6133: 6130: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5996:0-500-81032-X 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5944: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5906: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5890: 5887:, Routledge, 5886: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5865:on 2015-04-09 5861: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5647:1-57062-957-9 5644: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5632:1-57062-764-9 5629: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5617:1-57062-466-6 5614: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5602:0-87773-084-9 5599: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5584:0-8021-3065-8 5581: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5564:1-59376-009-4 5560: 5556: 5551: 5548: 5547:0-7679-0369-2 5544: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5532:0-938077-11-2 5529: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5514:1-59030-059-9 5511: 5507: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5483:955-24-0256-5 5480: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5468:955-24-0167-4 5465: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5453:1-928706-00-2 5450: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5425:1-928706-02-9 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369:Single sutras 5368: 5367: 5363: 5362:0-86171-491-1 5359: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5340:0-86171-072-X 5337: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5286: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5205:Red Pine 2004 5200: 5197: 5193: 5192:Red Pine 2004 5188: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5153: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5140: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5120: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5101:kāyagatā-sati 5098: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5077: 5072: 5067:, p. 46. 5066: 5065:Williams 2000 5061: 5058: 5054: 5053:Boisvert 1995 5049: 5046: 5042: 5041:Boisvert 1995 5037: 5034: 5030: 5029:Gombrich 2009 5025: 5022: 5018: 5017:Boisvert 1995 5013: 5010: 5006: 5001: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4952:Gombrich 2009 4948: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4937:Bucknell 1999 4933: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4920:Schumann 1997 4916: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4896:Jurewicz 2000 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4853: 4850: 4845: 4839: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4698: 4695:, p. 27. 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4655:Boisvert 2005 4651: 4649: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4633:Boisvert 2005 4629: 4626: 4621: 4615: 4614:Bosivert 2005 4610: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4595:Boisvert 2005 4591: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4543: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4508:Red Pine 2004 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4299: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4191:, p. 56. 4190: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4160:, p. 28. 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4098: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4076: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3970: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3943: 3940: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3829: 3827:0-670-85886-2 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3778: 3775: 3772:, p. 55. 3771: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3722: 3719: 3716:, p. 57. 3715: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3519:Red Pine 2004 3516: 3510: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3421:consciousness 3418: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3384:consciousness 3381: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3295: 3292: 3285: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3100: 3097:is preferred. 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883:According to 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2869: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2815:Buddha-nature 2812: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2731:, written by 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2633:kāyānupassanā 2630: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2565: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2542:taṇhā • tṛṣṇā 2537: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2403:The eighteen 2398: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2367:Bhikkhu Bodhi 2365:According to 2363: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2307: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2288:Consciousness 2284: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2272:Consciousness 2270: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2118: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2102:consciousness 2096: 2083: 2079: 2077: 2062: 2049: 2044: 2037: 2035: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1985:pañca khandha 1982: 1981: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1903: 1902:sanna-skandha 1899: 1898: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1873: 1872:sanna-skandha 1869: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1799:According to 1794: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1674: 1666: 1664: 1658: 1650: 1648: 1642: 1634: 1632: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1594: 1592: 1586: 1578: 1576: 1570: 1562: 1560: 1554: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1530: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1498: 1490: 1488: 1482: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1450: 1448: 1442: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1397: 1392: 1384: 1382: 1376: 1368: 1366: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1270: 1266: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1216:discernment ( 1215: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194:perceptions ( 1193: 1189: 1188: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1158:Sarvāstivādin 1153: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 949: 944: 943: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 889: 884: 883: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 847: 844: 839: 838: 831: 830:Vegetarianism 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 785:Recollections 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 755:Five precepts 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 742: 739: 734: 733: 726: 723: 721: 720:Chinese canon 718: 716: 715:Tibetan canon 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 679: 674: 673: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 604: 601: 600: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 571: 570: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 521: 516: 515: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 495: 494: 490: 486: 485: 482: 478: 474: 470: 469: 462: 458: 454: 453: 448: 446: 442: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 416: 412: 407: 396: 394: 390: 382: 380: 376: 366: 364: 360: 355: 344: 342: 338: 333: 328: 321: 316: 314: 310: 305: 300: 293: 288: 286: 282: 277: 272: 265: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 244: 240: 235: 230: 222: 218: 213: 211: 207: 202: 197: 187: 185: 181: 173: 171: 167: 159: 157: 153: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 124: 121: 113: 103: 98: 94: 87: 77: 67: 60: 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 8851:Bodhisattvas 8771:Christianity 8766:Baháʼí Faith 8631:Dharmachakra 8621:Prayer wheel 8611:Prayer beads 8379:Architecture 8258:969 Movement 8042:Saudi Arabia 8020:Central Asia 8013:South Africa 7835: 7818: 7751:Panchen Lama 7656:Buddhapālita 7252:Satipatthana 7247:Mindful Yoga 7160:Recollection 7074:Brahmavihara 6945:Japanese Zen 6940:Chinese Chan 6900:Animal realm 6804: 6707:Key concepts 6529:Bodhisattvas 6341:Three Jewels 6183: 6165: 6145: 6136: 6118: 6082: 6078: 6069: 6045: 6041: 6032: 6023: 6004: 5988:Sacred Tibet 5987: 5979: 5971: 5954: 5931: 5903: 5884: 5876: 5867:, retrieved 5860:the original 5855: 5851: 5820: 5816: 5808: 5789: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5741: 5737: 5719: 5711: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5671: 5661: 5638: 5623: 5608: 5593: 5575: 5554: 5538: 5523: 5505: 5489: 5474: 5459: 5444: 5431: 5412: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5353: 5331: 5314: 5307:Sutta Pitaka 5285: 5276: 5267: 5259: 5254: 5247:Swanson 1993 5242: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5199: 5194:, p. 2. 5172: 5165:dharma-smṛti 5164: 5157: 5152: 5144: 5137: 5132: 5125:vedanā-smṛti 5124: 5117: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5079: 5060: 5048: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4988: 4976: 4915: 4903: 4881:Shulman 2007 4859:, p. 6. 4852: 4833: 4821: 4809: 4782: 4770: 4758: 4725: 4721: 4700: 4669: 4628: 4609: 4549: 4542: 4522: 4515: 4510:, p. 9. 4460: 4455: 4433: 4412: 4388: 4381: 4373: 4341: 4334: 4325: 4305: 4298: 4278: 4271: 4251: 4244: 4224: 4217: 4205: 4196: 4184: 4142: 4123: 4118: 4105: 4085: 4078: 4058: 4051: 4006: 3976: 3969: 3949: 3942: 3932: 3925: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3880: 3860: 3818:Viking Press 3809: 3804: 3784: 3777: 3728: 3721: 3709: 3672: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3598:Milindapañha 3596: 3590: 3586:Peṭakopadesa 3584: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3554:(Pali; Skt: 3551: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3509: 3499: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3451: 3442: 3430: 3420: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3299:liberation." 3294: 3284: 3274: 3266: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3183: 3174: 3164: 3156: 3144: 3136: 3128: 3123: 3115: 3107: 3102: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2984: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2839: 2828: 2808: 2803: 2781: 2775: 2757: 2741: 2737:Sarvastivada 2718: 2707: 2698: 2688: 2676: 2665: 2650: 2643: 2632: 2620: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2571: 2569: 2566:Satipatthana 2560: 2554: 2547: 2539: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2513: 2502: 2498: 2486: 2483: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2455: 2423: 2420:Sutta Pitaka 2417: 2402: 2393: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2323: 2313: 2309: 2274:arises from 2225: 2220: 2201: 2196: 2177: 2172: 2156: 2106: 2101: 2075: 2033: 2016: 2012: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1960: 1951: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1875: 1871: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1798: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1770:Sarvastivada 1765: 1763: 1756: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1706: 1700: 1686: 1676: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1620: 1614: 1604: 1596: 1588: 1580: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1542: 1532: 1524: 1516: 1508: 1500: 1492: 1484: 1476: 1472:"perception" 1470: 1460: 1452: 1444: 1436: 1428: 1420: 1419:(Skt., Pāli 1416: 1410: 1400: 1386: 1378: 1370: 1362: 1354: 1353:(Skt., Pāli 1350: 1344: 1335: 1327: 1303: 1277: 1264: 1263: 1242:extinguished 1227: 1167: 1156: 1154: 1143: 1127: 1114: 1113: 1112: 780:Merit making 745:Three Jewels 685:Buddhavacana 615:Impermanence 609: 603:Dharma wheel 304:pănhchăkkhăn 120: 107: 93:ISO 639 code 89:}} 83:{{ 79:}} 73:{{ 69:}} 63:{{ 58: 8696:Dharma talk 8525:Asalha Puja 8321:Eschatology 8124:Switzerland 8104:New Zealand 8032:Middle East 7941:Philippines 7861:Afghanistan 7666:Bodhidharma 7651:Buddhaghosa 7571:Householder 7481:Monasticism 7434:Bodhisattva 7289:Prostration 7242:Mindfulness 7170:Anapanasati 7153:Kammaṭṭhāna 6950:Korean Seon 6890:Asura realm 6885:Human realm 6825:Ten Fetters 6780:Parinirvana 6682:Uppalavanna 6647:Mahākaccana 6632:Mahākassapa 6564:Kṣitigarbha 6559:Ākāśagarbha 6456:Suddhodāna 6401:Four sights 6328:Foundations 6175:Web-sources 6168:, Routledge 5441:Buddhaghosa 5145:citta-smṛti 5005:Wayman 1971 4993:Wayman 1990 4981:Wayman 1984 4857:Bodhi 2000a 4838:Bodhi 2000a 4826:Bodhi 2000b 4814:Bodhi 2000b 4802:Bodhi 2000b 4775:Bodhi 2000b 4763:Bodhi 2000b 4728:(1): 5–20. 4578:Gethin 1986 4189:Harvey 2013 4044:Harvey 2013 3770:Harvey 2013 3714:Harvey 2013 3604:Buddhavaṃsa 3562:, the term 3537:(Sanskrit, 3334:"No, lord." 3324:"No, lord." 3206:Noble Truth 3051:Generally, 2952:Ti-lakkhana 2798:D.T. Suzuki 2782:nothingness 2710:Heart Sutra 2424:paramatthas 1928:, "not all 1412:"sensation" 1332:Description 1292:Rhys Davids 1232:tradition, 1015:New Zealand 870:Bodhisattva 855:Four Stages 810:Monasticism 790:Mindfulness 760:Perfections 690:Early Texts 8926:Categories 8813:Psychology 8793:Gnosticism 8781:Comparison 8776:Influences 8758:Comparison 8641:Bhavacakra 8599:Kushinagar 8574:Pilgrimage 8520:Māgha Pūjā 8475:Bodhi Tree 8291:Buddhology 8281:Abhidharma 8273:Philosophy 8206:Menander I 8074:Costa Rica 8025:Uzbekistan 7866:Bangladesh 7820:Dhammapada 7804:Pali Canon 7766:Ajahn Chah 7746:Dalai Lama 7646:Kumārajīva 7641:Vasubandhu 7616:The Buddha 7524:Zen master 7459:Sakadagami 7439:Buddhahood 7370:Pratimokṣa 7185:Shikantaza 7141:Meditation 7116:Deity yoga 6987:Madhyamaka 6880:Deva realm 6775:Mindstream 6725:Bodhicitta 6637:Aṅgulimāla 6504:Devadatta 6480:Yaśodharā 6383:The Buddha 6373:Middle Way 6189:Pāli canon 5869:2019-01-01 5811:Routledge. 5177:Polak 2011 5105:kāya-smṛti 4969:Jones 2009 3653:References 3515:"Svabhava" 3408:perception 3093:)), hence 3087:conception 3075:perception 3007:, Tibetan 2805:definable. 2725:Middle Way 2721:Madhyamaka 2621:samskharas 2523:saḷāyatana 2450:See also: 2354:Ṣaḍāyatana 2336:, but the 2330:Abhidharma 2197:perception 1992:Pali Canon 1801:Thanissaro 1338:Pali Canon 888:Traditions 825:Pilgrimage 765:Meditation 725:Post-canon 705:Pāli Canon 635:Middle Way 532:The Buddha 445:Vietnamese 292:បញ្ចក្ខន្ធ 243:Indonesian 8881:Festivals 8861:Buddhists 8823:Theosophy 8626:Symbolism 8616:Hama yumi 8589:Bodh Gaya 8356:Socialism 8331:Evolution 8306:Economics 8144:Venezuela 8059:Australia 8054:Argentina 7978:Sri Lanka 7973:Singapore 7891:Indonesia 7853:Countries 7794:Tripiṭaka 7756:Ajahn Mun 7631:Nagarjuna 7626:Aśvaghoṣa 7509:Anagārika 7504:Śrāmaṇerī 7499:Śrāmaṇera 7494:Bhikkhunī 7454:Sotāpanna 7343:Passaddhi 7284:Offerings 7259:Nekkhamma 7136:Iddhipada 7056:Practices 7026:Theravada 6999:Vajrayana 6992:Yogachara 6962:Pure Land 6875:Six Paths 6862:Cosmology 6642:Anuruddha 6617:Sāriputta 6607:Kaundinya 6599:Disciples 6574:Vajrapāṇi 6426:Footprint 6391:Tathāgata 6237:Vajrayana 6207:Theravada 6107:161507469 5837:145413087 5768:, Equinox 5758:170833425 5695:Doctrine" 5097:kāya-sati 5084:Kuan 2008 4750:142533789 4742:0955-2367 4478:Ruhe 2005 3903:SAGE Open 3836:cite book 3573:The term 3361:catudhātu 3091:a concept 3079:pratyakṣa 3040:Nhat Hanh 3018:nāma-rūpa 3005:nāma-rūpa 2917:Nagarjuna 2878:dualistic 2846:ignorance 2835:mahamudra 2733:Nagarjuna 2714:emptiness 2514:nāma-rūpa 2221:formation 2034:mahābhūta 1758:Tathagata 1583:འདུ་བྱེད། 1417:"feeling" 1260:Etymology 1234:suffering 1230:Theravada 1035:Sri Lanka 1025:Singapore 980:Indonesia 920:Vajrayāna 895:Theravāda 850:Awakening 738:Practices 695:Tripiṭaka 665:Cosmology 640:Emptiness 620:Suffering 341:Mongolian 110:July 2020 8899:Category 8828:Violence 8798:Hinduism 8746:Sanskrit 8701:Hinayana 8686:Amitābha 8646:Swastika 8515:Uposatha 8505:Holidays 8490:Calendar 8336:Humanism 8174:Kanishka 8164:Timeline 7988:Thailand 7956:Kalmykia 7951:Buryatia 7936:Pakistan 7921:Mongolia 7916:Maldives 7911:Malaysia 7876:Cambodia 7741:Shamarpa 7736:Nichiren 7686:Xuanzang 7621:Nagasena 7539:Rinpoche 7269:Pāramitā 7111:Devotion 7031:Navayana 7019:Dzogchen 6982:Nichiren 6930:Mahayana 6922:Branches 6800:Saṅkhāra 6549:Mañjuśrī 6506:(cousin) 6498:(cousin) 6466:(mother) 6458:(father) 6446:Miracles 6396:Birthday 6313:Glossary 6286:Buddhism 6220:Mahayana 6062:59132368 5916:citation 5592:(1976). 5574:(1960). 5522:(1988). 5499:Mahayana 5235:Lai 2003 4493:Loy 2009 4461:skandhas 3631:svabhāva 3601:and the 3556:svabhāva 3527:svabhava 3257:skandhas 3253:skandhas 3226:skandhas 3218:skandhas 3116:samskara 3110:saṅkhāra 2942:Shunyata 2932:Sankhāra 2900:See also 2856:; Skt., 2794:Absolute 2790:relative 2744:Yogacara 2699:reaction 2611:upassanā 2607:upassanā 2573:upassanā 2462:Buddhist 2382:internal 2378:external 2228:saṅkhāra 2157:cetasika 1952:khandhas 1938:sankhara 1930:sankhara 1836:niramisa 1810:skandhas 1774:Hinduism 1766:skandhas 1747:skandhas 1655:རྣམ་ཤེས། 1651:), Tib. 1635:), Pāli 1591:'du.byed 1579:), Tib. 1575:saṅkhāra 1563:), Pāli 1559:saṃskāra 1519:'du shes 1511:འདུ་ཤེས། 1507:), Tib. 1491:), Pāli 1447:tshor ba 1435:); Tib. 1369:); Tib. 1351:"matter" 1307:renders 1269:Sanskrit 1246:Mahayana 1209:sanskara 1140:Buddhism 1130:khandhas 1124:Sanskrit 1117:Skandhas 1045:Thailand 1005:Mongolia 1000:Malaysia 965:Cambodia 930:Navayana 910:Hinayana 905:Mahāyāna 815:Lay life 645:Morality 625:Not-self 583:Concepts 542:Councils 527:Timeline 499:Glossary 481:Buddhism 473:a series 471:Part of 406:phung po 354:tsogtsas 257:Japanese 142:Sanskrit 8876:Temples 8856:Buddhas 8818:Science 8808:Judaism 8803:Jainism 8721:Lineage 8681:Abhijñā 8651:Thangka 8594:Sarnath 8579:Lumbini 8500:Funeral 8495:Cuisine 8371:Culture 8346:Reality 8296:Creator 8286:Atomism 8156:History 8129:Ukraine 8089:Germany 8008:Senegal 7998:Vietnam 7926:Myanmar 7726:Shinran 7716:Karmapa 7691:Shandao 7661:Dignāga 7586:Śrāvaka 7566:Donchee 7561:Kappiya 7519:Sayadaw 7489:Bhikkhu 7464:Anāgāmi 7421:Nirvana 7387:Samadhi 7274:Paritta 7215:Tonglen 7210:Mandala 7165:Smarana 7146:Mantras 7094:Upekkha 7064:Bhavana 7014:Shingon 6967:Tiantai 6820:Tathātā 6810:Śūnyatā 6805:Skandha 6795:Saṃsāra 6790:Rebirth 6765:Kleshas 6755:Indriya 6657:Subhūti 6542:Guanyin 6496:Ānanda 6488:Rāhula 6368:Nirvana 6308:Outline 6228:at the 6099:1062009 6035:, Asoka 5296:Sources 5163:; Skt. 5143:; Skt. 5123:; Skt. 5103:; Skt. 5095:(Pāli: 3885:Skandha 3627:sabhāva 3613:in the 3611:sabhāva 3575:sabhāva 3569:dhammas 3564:sabhāva 3552:sabhāva 3539:"atman" 3474:origin, 3404:feeling 3239:skandha 3189:Nikayas 2991:skandha 2927:Samsara 2872:; Skt. 2864:(Pali, 2848:(Pali, 2800:notes: 2764:Chinese 2660:to the 2640:vedanās 2599:dhammās 2548:upādāna 2440:Nibbāna 2350:Ayatana 2283:Contact 2173:feeling 2107:viññāna 2072:contact 2015: ( 1961:Nibbāna 1823:samsara 1789:skandha 1785:skandha 1778:Jainism 1735:skandha 1728:skandha 1689:Nikayas 1687:In the 1667:); Ch. 1647:viññāṇa 1639:विञ्ञाण 1631:vijñāna 1623:विज्ञान 1595:); Ch. 1551:संस्कार 1523:); Ch. 1451:); Ch. 1385:); Ch. 1322:ཕུང་པོ། 1316:skandha 1310:skandha 1298:skandha 1287:Kkhanda 1281:Khandha 1265:Skandha 1228:In the 1220:vijnana 1055:Vietnam 1010:Myanmar 925:Tibetan 915:Chinese 843:Nirvāṇa 660:Saṃsāra 655:Rebirth 520:History 509:Outline 452:Ngũ uẩn 421:skandha 415:Tagalog 399:ཕུང་པོ་ 393:Tibetan 379:Sinhala 369:ၶၼ်ႇထႃႇ 210:Chinese 201:kʰàɰ̃dà 184:Burmese 170:Bengali 133:English 128:skandha 102:See why 8871:Sutras 8866:Suttas 8731:Siddhi 8716:Koliya 8691:Brahmā 8606:Poetry 8552:Mantra 8542:Kasaya 8414:Pagoda 8394:Kyaung 8389:Vihāra 8384:Temple 8326:Ethics 8169:Ashoka 8119:Sweden 8114:Poland 8109:Norway 8099:Mexico 8084:France 8069:Canada 8064:Brazil 8003:Africa 7983:Taiwan 7946:Russia 7871:Bhutan 7831:Vinaya 7711:Naropa 7701:Saraha 7636:Asanga 7392:Prajñā 7301:Refuge 7264:Nianfo 7225:Tertön 7220:Tantra 7205:Ganana 7195:Tukdam 7121:Dhyāna 7089:Mudita 7084:Karuṇā 6977:Risshū 6972:Huayan 6905:Naraka 6845:Anattā 6840:Dukkha 6835:Anicca 6740:Dharma 6692:Channa 6627:Ānanda 6612:Assaji 6579:Skanda 6482:(wife) 6451:Family 6431:Relics 6356:Sangha 6351:Dharma 6346:Buddha 6152: 6125: 6105: 6097: 6060: 6012: 5994: 5982:, UMCS 5961: 5939: 5891: 5835: 5797: 5756: 5679: 5645: 5630: 5615: 5600: 5582: 5561: 5545: 5530: 5512: 5481: 5466: 5451: 5423: 5360: 5338: 5321: 5159:dhammā 5156:(Pāli 5136:(Pāli 5119:vedanā 5116:(Pāli 4748: 4740: 4557: 4530: 4456:Quote: 4446: 4419: 4396: 4349: 4313: 4286: 4259: 4232: 4093: 4066: 4014: 3984: 3957: 3868: 3824: 3792: 3736: 3680: 3595:, the 3589:, the 3583:, the 3560:suttas 3535:"atta" 3494:sutra. 3235:Dukkha 3231:anatta 3214:dukkha 3061:vedanā 3053:vedanā 3036:vedana 3032:vedana 2907:Anatta 2862:wisdom 2858:avidyā 2852:avijjā 2774:: 2772:pinyin 2766:: 2616:jhanas 2594:); and 2585:vedanā 2533:vedanā 2466:dukkha 2303: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2235: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178:vedanā 2169: 2164: 2150: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2112: 2098: 2076:phassa 2067: 2064: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2025: 2004: 1999: 1975: 1956:Albani 1897:anicca 1891:anatta 1885:dukkha 1844:vedana 1832:Vedana 1805:Buddha 1803:, the 1743:dukkha 1693:Āgamas 1619:(Skt. 1567:सङ्खार 1547:(Skt. 1487:saṃjñā 1479:संज्ञा 1475:(Skt. 1439:ཚོར་བ། 1431:vedanā 1373:གཟུགས། 1346:"form" 1273:स्कन्ध 1238:clings 1198:samjna 1187:vedana 1040:Taiwan 1020:Russia 960:Brazil 955:Bhutan 875:Buddha 795:Wisdom 578:Dharma 347:ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ 313:Korean 299:UNGEGN 271:Rōmaji 229:Pinyin 219:(T) / 39:Skanda 8843:Lists 8711:Kalpa 8706:Iddhi 8569:Music 8564:Mudra 8530:Vassa 8510:Vesak 8480:Budai 8426:Candi 8409:Stupa 8341:Logic 8094:Italy 7993:Tibet 7931:Nepal 7901:Korea 7896:Japan 7886:India 7881:China 7826:Sutra 7781:Texts 7731:Dōgen 7721:Hōnen 7706:Atiśa 7671:Zhiyi 7581:Achar 7549:Tulku 7544:Geshe 7529:Rōshi 7514:Ajahn 7469:Arhat 7429:Bodhi 7399:Vīrya 7316:Sacca 7311:Satya 7306:Sādhu 7294:Music 7237:Merit 7230:Terma 7190:Zazen 7126:Faith 7079:Mettā 6760:Karma 6720:Bardo 6687:Asita 6677:Khema 6667:Upāli 6652:Nanda 6490:(son) 6464:Māyā 6441:Films 6318:Index 6103:S2CID 6095:JSTOR 6058:S2CID 5908:(PDF) 5863:(PDF) 5848:(PDF) 5833:S2CID 5804:1996. 5754:S2CID 5161:-sati 5141:-sati 5139:citta 5121:-sati 4746:S2CID 3533:word 3356:dhātu 3352:dhātu 3262:citta 3009:gzugs 2964:Notes 2957:Kosha 2874:vidyā 2868:vijjā 2825:Tibet 2754:China 2685:India 2592:citta 2412:dhātu 2406:dhātu 2202:sañña 1945:Ātman 1924:sanna 1916:sanna 1908:sanna 1878:sanna 1866:sanna 1858:sanna 1848:amisa 1752:Arhat 1535:xiǎng 1503:saññā 1495:सञ्ञा 1423:वेदना 1381:gzugs 1250:empty 1126:) or 1050:Tibet 990:Korea 985:Japan 975:India 970:China 935:Newar 860:Arhat 650:Karma 504:Index 436:ขันธ์ 285:Khmer 196:MLCTS 8741:Pāḷi 8726:Māra 8636:Flag 8037:Iran 7961:Tuva 7906:Laos 7534:Lama 7382:Śīla 7350:Śīla 7338:Pīti 7328:Sati 7279:Puja 7200:Koan 7106:Dāna 6697:Yasa 6584:Tārā 6150:ISBN 6123:ISBN 6010:ISBN 5992:ISBN 5959:ISBN 5937:ISBN 5922:link 5889:ISBN 5795:ISBN 5677:ISBN 5643:ISBN 5628:ISBN 5613:ISBN 5598:ISBN 5580:ISBN 5559:ISBN 5543:ISBN 5528:ISBN 5510:ISBN 5479:ISBN 5464:ISBN 5449:ISBN 5421:ISBN 5358:ISBN 5336:ISBN 5319:ISBN 5262:. 4. 5071:help 4863:help 4844:help 4738:ISSN 4661:help 4639:help 4620:help 4601:help 4555:ISBN 4528:ISBN 4444:ISBN 4417:ISBN 4394:ISBN 4347:ISBN 4311:ISBN 4284:ISBN 4257:ISBN 4230:ISBN 4091:ISBN 4064:ISBN 4012:ISBN 3982:ISBN 3955:ISBN 3866:ISBN 3842:link 3822:ISBN 3790:ISBN 3734:ISBN 3678:ISBN 3531:Pali 3458:15) 3410:and 3400:form 3393:form 3377:form 3267:Mara 2829:The 2809:The 2780:) , 2760:"Wu" 2742:The 2719:The 2689:The 2627:the 2456:The 2352:and 2324:The 2290:and 2262:Form 2017:rūpa 2013:form 1977:The 1776:and 1755:and 1607:xíng 1463:shòu 1403:rūpa 1365:rūpa 1176:rupa 1136:Pāḷi 995:Laos 900:Pāli 429:Thai 363:Shan 156:Pali 66:lang 8463:Art 8399:Wat 6935:Zen 6087:doi 6050:doi 5825:doi 5746:doi 5705:(2) 5417:BPS 4730:doi 4440:140 3911:doi 3523:not 3083:not 3057:not 1850:or 1838:or 1820:to 1679:shí 1415:or 1357:रूप 1349:or 1319:is 1252:of 234:yùn 223:(S) 86:IPA 8928:: 7965:ru 6117:, 6101:, 6093:, 6083:10 6081:, 6056:, 6046:36 6044:, 5918:}} 5914:{{ 5856:26 5854:, 5850:, 5831:, 5821:10 5819:, 5752:, 5744:, 5742:14 5740:, 5703:22 5701:, 5697:, 5184:^ 5099:, 4959:^ 4944:^ 4927:^ 4888:^ 4871:^ 4794:^ 4744:. 4736:. 4726:12 4724:. 4712:^ 4681:^ 4647:^ 4585:^ 4570:^ 4500:^ 4485:^ 4470:^ 4454:, 4411:. 4361:^ 4165:^ 4150:^ 4131:^ 4111:SN 4026:^ 3996:^ 3905:. 3901:. 3850:^ 3838:}} 3834:{{ 3748:^ 3692:^ 3660:^ 3607:." 3541:). 3456:DN 3406:, 3402:, 3395:. 3379:. 3364:). 3242:." 3145:n. 3015:, 2971:^ 2777:Wú 2770:; 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