33:
310:
Parliament had already pressed the king to approve a
Militia Bill, effectively transferring control of the army from king to parliament, and Charles once again refused, protesting "By God! Not for an hour! You have asked that of me which was never asked of any king." By March 1642, parliament issued
302:
On 17 January, the House of
Commons issued a lengthy public declaration denouncing Charles' intrusion as "a high breach of the rights and privileges of parliament, and inconsistent with the liberties and freedoms thereof." It declared the king's order to the City to seize the Five Members to have no
255:'Tis no matter, I think my eyes are as good as another's." He studied the benches for 'a pretty while' then lamented "all my birds have flown". He left the chair and walked out "in a more discontented and angry passion than he came in", followed by shouts of "Privilege! Privilege!" from the members.
200:
advised him to go down to the
Commons with an armed guard, and to make the arrest in person. It was alleged that the queen exclaimed, "Go you poltroon. Go and pull those rogues out by the ears, or never see my face again"; the king yielded. To ensure there would be no armed resistance, he first sent
282:
in his coach, the King drove through a London that was in uproar. Rumours spread that the King's supporters were going to attack the City, and volunteers poured in to offer their services in its defence. Barricades were erected, cannon dragged out, and there were soon six thousand citizens ready to
350:
to attend. At Black Rod's approach, the doors to the chamber are slammed in the messenger's face, symbolising the rights and independence of the
Commons. Black Rod bangs forcefully three times with the end of the ceremonial staff on the closed doors, which are then opened. Black Rod's presence is
243:
May it please your majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as this House is pleased to direct me whose servant I am here; and I humbly beg your majesty's pardon that I cannot give any other answer than this to what your majesty is pleased to demand of
208:
The Five
Members, who had been expecting the king to strike, took their seats as usual that morning. At about three o'clock, they received word via the French Ambassador that Charles was on his way, and they left the House and took a waiting barge to the
239:, he said "Mr Speaker, I must for a time make bold with your chair". Lenthall vacated it. Calling first for one of the members, and then another, he was met with total silence. He asked the speaker where they were. Kneeling, Lenthall responded:
298:
The next day the Five
Members came out of their hiding place in the City, and travelled by barge back to parliament accompanied by a regatta of decorated craft, and cheering citizens. The king had lost the support of the people of London.
195:
Without agreement from the
Commons, Charles faced difficulties in having the Five Members taken into custody. He had been considering decisive action for some time, but became hesitant. Both the queen and
216:
Charles entered the precincts of the House with about eighty men, armed with pistols and swords. They remained in the lobby while
Charles entered the Commons chamber accompanied only by his nephew, the
233:
184:
351:
announced. Black Rod then enters and conveys the monarch's command that "this honourable House... attend upon His
Majesty immediately in the House of Peers."
205:
forbidding him from sending men to protect parliament. Then, on 4 January 1642, he set off for the House, accompanied by around four hundred armed men.
156:
105:
Charles' attempt to coerce parliament by force failed, turned many against him, and was one of the events leading directly to the outbreak of
343:
295:, fearing both for his own life and that of the queen. He was not to return for seven years – and then only for his own trial and execution.
226:
303:
basis in law, and announced that any person doing so would be guilty of breach of privilege of parliament and deemed a public enemy of the
32:
248:
This was the first time that a speaker had declared his allegiance to the liberty of parliament rather than the will of the monarch.
793:
740:
717:
687:
658:
222:
218:
197:
168:
144:
86:
232:
Charles removed his hat and walked to the front, saluting some members as he passed. The members stood in silence. Addressing
167:, and that they were intent on turning the people against him. When rumours reached the court that they were also planning to
827:
832:
328:
56:
263:
The king issued a proclamation ordering the City of London to surrender the fugitives, and marched in person to the
268:
822:
172:
817:
650:
271:
hand them over. However, the City officers declared their support for parliament, as did the regiments of the
785:
709:
610:
304:
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812:
758:
48:
603:, ed. (1906). "47: A Declaration of the House of Commons Touching a Late Breach of their Privileges ".
764:
202:
183:. The Commons met to consider the allegations on 3 January 1642, and held them to be a breach of the
132:
124:
52:
279:
614:
36:
Lenthall kneels to
Charles during the attempted arrest of the Five Members. Victorian painting by
160:
789:
750:
736:
713:
683:
654:
316:
312:
264:
106:
37:
347:
236:
164:
63:, although the Five Members were no longer in the House at the time. The Five Members were:
307:. Any person harbouring the five, on the other hand, should have parliamentary protection.
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366:
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148:
118:
80:
60:
604:
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335:
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98:
806:
778:
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Charles' 1642 incursion into the Commons chamber is now commemorated annually at the
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A version of the attempted arrest of the Five Members is depicted in the 1970 film
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67:
283:
repulse any attack. To many at the time, Charles's act had appeared tyrannical.
331:, an event which formally marks the beginning of each parliamentary session.
339:
17:
175:, for alleged involvement in Catholic plots, Charles made accusations of
136:
128:
92:
176:
229:
in the chamber could see the troops making play with their pistols.
127:
had become increasingly fraught during 1641. The king believed that
55:
attempted to arrest on 4 January 1642. King Charles I entered the
606:
The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution 1625-1660
225:, one of Charles' retainers, propped the doors open so that the
163:) – had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent
559:
557:
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365:. However it inaccurately replaces Holles and Strode with
422:
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524:
522:
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59:, accompanied by armed soldiers, during a sitting of the
628:
626:
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439:
437:
435:
729:
Cavaliers and Roundheads: The English at War 1642-1649
647:
Keepers of the Kingdom: The Ancient Offices of Britain
680:
The Story of Parliament in the Palace of Westminster
777:
701:
123:The relationship between the House of Commons and
784:. The Oxford History of England (2nd ed.).
291:On 10 January, Charles suddenly left London for
241:
27:MPs that Charles I attempted to arrest in 1642
8:
682:(2nd ed.). London: James & James.
763:Page numbers based on the 1974 reprint by
542:
530:
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489:
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31:
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587:
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563:
443:
401:
382:
455:
389:
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311:the bill on its own authority as the
7:
334:The monarch takes the throne in the
157:Edward Montagu, Viscount Mandeville
25:
131:, encouraged by five vociferous
133:Members of the House of Commons
315:, pushing the country towards
1:
727:Hibbert, Christopher (1993).
71:
780:The Early Stuarts 1603-1660
329:State Opening of Parliament
849:
609:(Third revised ed.).
116:
651:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
338:and sends his messenger,
173:Henrietta Maria of France
155:, together with the peer
755:The King's War 1641-1647
645:Bruce, Alastair (1999).
57:English House of Commons
786:Oxford University Press
710:Oxford University Press
611:Oxford University Press
601:Gardiner, Samuel Rawson
246:
40:
828:Parliament of England
759:Wm Collins & Sons
704:Britain in Revolution
49:Members of Parliament
35:
833:Charles I of England
765:Book Club Associates
678:Field, John (2011).
251:The king responded:
234:Speaker of the House
203:Lord Mayor of London
191:The attempted arrest
179:against them in the
125:Charles I of England
429:, pp. 107–108.
161:Earl of Manchester
41:
566:, pp. 32–33.
516:, pp. 58–59.
492:, pp. 57–58.
355:Depiction in film
313:Militia Ordinance
201:a message to the
185:House's privilege
38:Charles West Cope
16:(Redirected from
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823:1642 in politics
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348:House of Commons
342:, to summon the
259:London in uproar
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237:William Lenthall
219:Elector Palatine
76:
75: 1594–1643
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21:
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367:Oliver Cromwell
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267:to demand that
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252:
193:
149:Arthur Haselrig
121:
119:Long Parliament
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109:later in 1642.
81:Arthur Haselrig
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61:Long Parliament
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23:
22:
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12:
11:
5:
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653:. p. 96.
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181:House of Lords
153:William Strode
117:Main article:
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53:King Charles I
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742:0-246-13632-4
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543:Woolrych 2002
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533:, p. 59.
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531:Wedgwood 1958
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507:
504:, p. 58.
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473:Woolrych 2002
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446:, p. 31.
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404:, p. 30.
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323:Commemoration
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293:Hampton Court
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278:Returning to
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273:Inns of Court
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269:City officers
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672:Bibliography
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633:Hibbert 1993
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588:Hibbert 1993
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159:(the future
141:John Hampden
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68:John Hampden
45:Five Members
44:
42:
29:
18:Five members
613:. pp.
456:Davies 1959
390:Davies 1959
171:the queen,
101:(1598–1645)
95:(1584–1643)
89:(1599–1680)
83:(1601–1661)
807:Categories
427:Field 2011
377:References
198:Lord Digby
113:Background
340:Black Rod
317:civil war
287:Aftermath
280:Whitehall
265:Guildhall
223:Roxburghe
107:civil war
776:(1959).
753:(1958).
700:(2002).
362:Cromwell
137:John Pym
129:Puritans
93:John Pym
346:of the
344:members
227:members
177:treason
169:impeach
792:
739:
716:
686:
657:
617:–241.
51:whom
47:were
790:ISBN
737:ISBN
714:ISBN
684:ISBN
655:ISBN
369:and
151:and
43:The
615:237
244:me.
809::
788:.
757:.
735:.
731:.
712:.
708:.
649:.
623:^
550:^
521:^
480:^
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187:.
147:,
143:,
139:,
135:–
72:c.
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761:.
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253:"
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70:(
20:)
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