489:
728:
769:
61:
714:
754:
20:
797:
685:
699:
785:
671:
740:
88:'s troops. The Red and White Charter is another name for the Kudadu inscription. It was stated that Raden Wijaya was being chased by Jayakatwang's troops carrying the flag, when suddenly "the enemy's banner was seen east of Hanyiruh, the colors were red and white" (
923:
488:
95:
When King Hayam Wuruk made a visit to the whole country of
Majapahit, the red and white color was noted to be used as a sign of the entourage. Recorded in Nagarakretagama canto 18 stanza 2–4:
768:
753:
504:—meaning the side curtains or the semi-cylindrical roof of the carriages, made of palm leaves tacked together or plaited. The red-white combination is considered the most noble.
727:
927:
1219:. Translated by Saktiani, Damaika; Widya, Kartika; Aminullah, Zakaria Pamuji; Marginingrum, Novi; Septi, Neda (2nd revised ed.). Yogyakarta: Narasi.
76:
The red and white banner is recorded in the Kudadu inscription dated 1294 AD. In the inscription it is said that the red and white banners were flown by
713:
38:
empire. However, the nature of how the colors and the symbols were used and represented is still a subject of study and disagreement among historians.
46:
577:). The round shape of the maja fruit was probably associated with the position of the king and capital of Majapahit as the center of the Majapahit
1236:
600 Tahun Sang Merah-Putih, jaitu Uraian
Tentang Hasil-Penjelidikan Sedjarah dan Arti jang dikandung Sang Merah-Putih Sebagai Warna-Kebangsaan
1224:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1148:
885:
853:
796:
565:) is mentioned in Nagarakretagama canto 18 stanza 4. It is noted that when King Hayam Wuruk went to Lumajang, the king's chariot had a
1252:
510:
is the name of an ornate motif for a painting, drawing, or textile. This motif is colored red and white, the combination is called
1271:
518:, namely the green and gold colors, which Daha uses. The combination of red and white is considered the most exalted in Java.
719:
1286:
879:"Tradisi TNI Angkatan Laut: Pewarisan Nilai-Nilai Luhur dalam Membangun Semangat Juang dan Karakter Prajurit Matra Laut"
784:
1085:
684:
698:
1276:
802:
596:
578:
210:
Naturally the tour of those (carts) went in groups; those drawings (on their sides) were not the same from one
1281:
60:
1141:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume II: Notes on the Texts and the Translations
269:
Then the honoured
Illustrious Tikta Wilwa (Majapahit) Prabhu, His cars were numberless, their marks were
247:
Then, the
Illustrious Protector of Lasem, crowded were Her wagons, with drawings: a white bull, splendid.
670:
240:
The honoured
Illustrious Protector of Pajang, the great number of Her wagons alike had the mark of the
739:
539:). The color is not stated, Pigeaud argues that such banners have a symbolic color, with red-white (
19:
1179:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume IV: Commentaries and Recapitulations
878:
1132:
Java in the 14th
Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume I: Javanese Texts in Transcription
1248:
1220:
1201:
1182:
1163:
1144:
820:
315:
From the translation, the colors and emblems used by
Majapahit can be classified as follows:
207:
Although numberless, yet the carts had means to be counted, namely by their different marks.
884:. Dinas Perawatan Personel Angkatan Laut (in Indonesian). Indonesian Navy. pp. 76–79.
64:
Derivative from the colors of the royal flag of the
Majapahit is still used as jack of the
815:
690:
676:
549:
depicted the maritime banner of Majapahit with alternating red and white lines, called it
225:-principal, the prime-minister of Majapahit, is the honoured mediator of the Royal Family.
65:
42:
1198:
Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume V: Glossary, General Index
759:
745:
457:
375:
81:
257:
The principal is the IIlustrious Jiwana-monarch, with cars all alike having for mark:
1265:
704:
493:
351:
85:
1089:
762:
with the addition of a crescent moon and five small stars arranged in a pentagon
450:
310:
All the followers' wives, those cars were open, the vanguard of the whole group.
77:
1160:
Java in the 14th Century: A Study in Cultural History, Volume III: Translations
649:, which Pigeaud thought was not making sense. The original reading is probably
90:
hana ta tuṅgulniṁ atru layū-layū katon·vetani hañiru, bāṁ lāvan putiḥ varṇnanya
444:
The ruler of Jiwana-Kahuripan according to Pigeaud was the mother of the King
341:
50:
950:
Pararaton (Ken Angrok), of Het Boek der Koningen van Tumapĕl en van Majapahit
254:(betel leaves) with flowers; the carts were glittering with drawings of gold.
775:
35:
531:
In Nagarakretagama canto 84 stanza 4 also mentioned banners (Old Javanese:
778:
identical to modern Trairanga based on Majapahit colours (1916–1917)
1091:
Majalah Adiluhung Edisi 28: Wayang, Keris, Batik, dan Kuliner Tradisional
145:
ndan / śri natheng lasem / sök / rathanira matulis / nandaka śweta śobha,
628:, which Pigeaud thought was not making sense. Pigeaud's emendation is
546:
57:, with the name "Lencana Perang" and "Ular-Ular Perang" respectively.
1121:
Muljana, Raden Benedictus Slamet (2005). Al-Fayyadl, Muhammad (ed.).
119:
rakryan sang mantri mukyapatih i majhapahit / sang pranalen kadatwan,
54:
178:
gringsing lobheng lwih laka pada tinulis ing mas kajangnyan rinenga,
924:"Melihat Kibar Bendera Merah Putih dan Nusantara Sebelum Indonesia"
524:
is also the name of a decorative motif, especially for weaving and
525:
138:
sang śri natheng pajang kwehni rathanira padacihnaning handiwaśri,
23:
Modern representation of the royal colors of the Majapahit empire.
18:
1086:"Bendera Gula Kelapa dan Kontras Bayangan Wayang Kulit Nusantara"
152:
sang śri natheng daha cihna sadak akusuma syandanabhratulis mas,
854:"Salah Kaprah Lambang Kerajaan-Bendera Majapahit dan Buah Maja"
528:. It was probably white and black-colored, spotted, or dotted.
185:
salwirning pungawamwat / bini haji nuniweh .. śwari śri sudewi,
171:
ndan sang śri tiktawilwaprabhu sakataniraśankya cihnanya wilwa,
112:
tekwan lampah nikapanta tulis ika dudu ri sang mantri samantri,
192:
sakwehning pekabharyya sakata nika sinang panharpning sapanta.
159:
mukyang śri jiwanendrasakata samasama cihna lobheng lwih sök.
105:
nistanyaśankya tang syandana mapawilanan deni cihnanya bheda,
34:
refers to the royal colors and symbols used to represent the
126:
pinten / kawan śata syandana pulupulutan teki cihnanya neka.
92:). This is found on the 3rd line of Kudadu 4v inscription.
250:
The honoured IIlustrious Protector of Daha had for marks:
988:
986:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
973:
971:
733:
Flag of the British East India Company (1801–1874)
1200:(3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
1181:(3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
1162:(3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
1143:(3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
569:, which means identification mark. Its symbol is the
1134:(3rd revised ed.). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
615:, meaning "four" (from "sekawan", the formal idiom).
41:
The red-and-white color combination is flown by the
1123:
Menuju Puncak Kemegahan: Sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit
500:Red and white color are used as the colors of the
1217:Kakawin Nagarakertagama: Teks Asli dan Terjemahan
720:British East India Company flag (1600–1707)
307:), and also the Mistress the IlIustrious Sudewi.
190:
183:
176:
169:
157:
150:
143:
136:
124:
117:
110:
103:
839:
611:doesn't make sense here. He replaced it with
8:
408:According to Pigeaud, Hayam Wuruk's cousin
391:According to Pigeaud, Hayam Wuruk's sister
1158:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960c).
1139:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960b).
1130:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1960a).
496:(1931) depicting life in pre-Islamic Java.
1196:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1963).
1177:Pigeaud, Theodoor Gautier Thomas (1962).
952:. Batavia: Albrecht & Co. p. 79.
877:Moelyono, Setiyo, ed. (29 January 2020).
425:According to Pigeaud, Hayam Wuruk's aunt
1059:
1047:
1004:
992:
977:
962:
487:
317:
59:
1104:
1071:
1035:
1016:
832:
666:
589:
607:is used in connection with numbers so
299:s (superior serving-men) conveyed the
1215:Prapanca, Mpu (2018). Isidora (ed.).
909:
790:Modern Thai flag (1917–current)
7:
852:Budianto, Enggran Eko (2022-01-14).
803:Flag of the United States of America
228:Even as many as four hundred carts;
1084:Ranoewidjojo, Romo Dony S. (2021).
543:) be the most sublime combination.
45:in the Republic of Indonesia Ship (
1243:Wasitaatmadja, Fokky Fuad (2018).
1125:. Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
1094:. PT Daniasta Perdana. p. 18.
891:from the original on 28 April 2021
288:, alike drawn in gold, were their
14:
232:was their mark, in great numbers.
795:
783:
767:
752:
738:
726:
712:
697:
683:
669:
573:(Sanskrit for maja / bael fruit—
221:(Right Honourable) the honoured
561:The state emblem of Majapahit (
16:Emblems of Majapahit, Indonesia
1:
636:is other name for sugar-palm.
922:Windoe, Kandi (2015-05-02).
653:, betel leaves with flowers.
292:s (screens), with ornaments.
664:Flags with similar design:
514:, which is the opposite of
1303:
416:Betel leaves with flowers
912:, p. 90-92, 137-150.
1234:Yamin, Mohammad (1954).
948:Brandes, J.L.A. (1896).
603:. According to Pigeaud,
472:Black-white, red-white,
1272:Obsolete national flags
1245:Spiritualisme Pancasila
244:(sugar-palm), glorious.
497:
313:
197:
191:
184:
177:
170:
158:
151:
144:
137:
125:
118:
111:
104:
68:
24:
1238:. Penerbit Siguntang.
691:Indonesian naval jack
553:(The Red-and-White).
491:
201:
97:
63:
22:
273:(maja / bael fruit).
1287:Red and white flags
319:
840:Wasitaatmadja 2018
774:Short-lived early
498:
455:Maja / bael fruit—
318:
69:
25:
1247:. Prenada Media.
1226:978-979-168-553-5
1207:978-94-011-8778-7
1188:978-94-017-7133-7
1169:978-94-011-8772-5
1150:978-94-011-8774-9
821:Flag of Indonesia
486:
485:
261:figures, crowded.
84:who were chasing
1294:
1277:History of flags
1258:
1239:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1173:
1154:
1135:
1126:
1108:
1107:, p. 58-59.
1102:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1020:
1019:, p. 53-58.
1014:
1008:
1007:, p. 23-24.
1002:
996:
990:
981:
975:
966:
960:
954:
953:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
926:. Archived from
919:
913:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
890:
883:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
849:
843:
837:
799:
787:
771:
756:
742:
730:
716:
701:
687:
673:
654:
645:N.J. Krom wrote
643:
637:
622:
616:
594:
551:Sang Getih-Getah
430:Ruler of Jiwana
368:Ruler of Pajang
320:
194:
187:
180:
173:
161:
154:
147:
140:
128:
121:
114:
107:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1214:
1208:
1195:
1189:
1176:
1170:
1157:
1151:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1003:
999:
991:
984:
976:
969:
961:
957:
947:
946:
942:
933:
931:
921:
920:
916:
908:
904:
894:
892:
888:
881:
876:
875:
871:
862:
860:
851:
850:
846:
838:
834:
829:
816:Surya Majapahit
812:
805:
800:
791:
788:
779:
772:
763:
757:
748:
743:
734:
731:
722:
717:
708:
702:
693:
688:
679:
677:Indonesian flag
674:
662:
657:
644:
640:
623:
619:
595:
591:
587:
559:
422:Green and gold
396:Ruler of Lasem
340:Prime minister
303:(ladies of the
74:
66:Indonesian Navy
43:Indonesian Navy
17:
12:
11:
5:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1282:Maritime flags
1279:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1212:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1174:
1168:
1155:
1149:
1136:
1127:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1076:
1074:, p. 281.
1064:
1062:, p. 100.
1052:
1040:
1021:
1009:
997:
982:
967:
955:
940:
914:
902:
869:
844:
831:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
811:
808:
807:
806:
801:
794:
792:
789:
782:
780:
773:
766:
764:
760:Singapore flag
758:
751:
749:
746:Malaysian flag
744:
737:
735:
732:
725:
723:
718:
711:
709:
703:
696:
694:
689:
682:
680:
675:
668:
661:
658:
656:
655:
638:
624:H. Kern wrote
617:
588:
586:
583:
575:Aegle marmelos
563:rajasa lancana
558:
555:
484:
483:
481:
470:
461:
458:Aegle marmelos
453:
446:
445:
442:
441:Red and white
439:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:Ruler of Daha
410:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:Arenga pinnata
369:
365:
364:
362:
359:
356:
344:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
312:
311:
308:
293:
274:
263:
262:
255:
248:
245:
234:
233:
226:
215:
208:
199:Translations:
196:
195:
188:
181:
174:
163:
162:
155:
148:
141:
130:
129:
122:
115:
108:
73:
70:
29:Majapahit flag
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1299:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1256:
1254:9786024222673
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:Pigeaud 1960c
1056:
1053:
1050:, p. 65.
1049:
1048:Pigeaud 1960a
1044:
1041:
1038:, p. 58.
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:Pigeaud 1960c
1001:
998:
995:, p. 39.
994:
993:Pigeaud 1960b
989:
987:
983:
980:, p. 38.
979:
978:Pigeaud 1960b
974:
972:
968:
965:, p. 16.
964:
963:Pigeaud 1960a
959:
956:
951:
944:
941:
930:on 2020-09-14
929:
925:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
887:
880:
873:
870:
859:
855:
848:
845:
842:, p. 21.
841:
836:
833:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
804:
798:
793:
786:
781:
777:
770:
765:
761:
755:
750:
747:
741:
736:
729:
724:
721:
715:
710:
706:
700:
695:
692:
686:
681:
678:
672:
667:
665:
659:
652:
651:sadak akusuma
648:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
590:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
508:Lobheng lewih
505:
503:
495:
490:
482:
479:
475:
471:
469:
468:lobheng lewih
465:
462:
460:
459:
454:
452:
448:
447:
443:
440:
438:
437:Lobheng lewih
435:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
384:
381:
377:
373:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
348:
345:
343:
339:
338:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
321:
316:
309:
306:
302:
298:
295:All kinds of
294:
291:
287:
283:
282:lobheng-lewih
279:
275:
272:
268:
267:
266:
260:
259:lobheng lewih
256:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
238:
237:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
200:
193:
189:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
167:
166:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
134:
133:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
101:
100:
96:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
67:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
30:
21:
1244:
1235:
1216:
1197:
1178:
1159:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1115:Bibliography
1105:Muljana 2005
1100:
1090:
1079:
1072:Pigeaud 1962
1067:
1055:
1043:
1036:Pigeaud 1962
1017:Pigeaud 1962
1012:
1000:
958:
949:
943:
932:. Retrieved
928:the original
917:
905:
893:. Retrieved
872:
861:. Retrieved
857:
847:
835:
705:Bali Kingdom
663:
650:
647:sadahakusuma
646:
641:
633:
629:
625:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
592:
574:
570:
566:
562:
560:
557:State emblem
550:
545:
540:
536:
532:
530:
521:
520:
515:
511:
507:
506:
501:
499:
494:Walter Spies
492:Painting by
477:
473:
467:
463:
456:
436:
379:
371:
352:Urena lobata
350:
346:
314:
304:
300:
296:
289:
285:
281:
277:
270:
264:
258:
251:
241:
235:
229:
222:
218:
211:
202:
198:
164:
131:
98:
94:
89:
86:Raden Wijaya
80:troops from
75:
40:
31:
28:
26:
895:22 February
660:Other flags
512:gula-kalapa
451:Hayam Wuruk
399:White bull
388:Dark color
214:to another.
78:Jayakatwang
1266:Categories
934:2018-03-12
910:Yamin 1954
863:2022-05-24
858:detikJatim
827:References
630:handiwaśri
541:gula-klapa
376:Sugar palm
342:Gajah Mada
301:bini hajis
203:Stanza 2
51:naval jack
32:and emblem
776:Thai flag
626:diwaśaśri
522:Gringsing
516:pare-anom
464:Gringsing
347:Pupulutan
278:gringsing
265:Stanza 4
236:Stanza 3
230:pupulutan
165:Stanza 4
132:Stanza 3
99:Stanza 2
36:Majapahit
886:Archived
810:See also
305:keputren
297:punggawa
634:handiwa
597:H. Kern
579:mandala
547:Sukarno
480:(gold)
476:(red),
372:Handiwa
326:Emblem
242:handiwa
219:rakryan
72:History
1251:
1223:
1204:
1185:
1166:
1147:
605:pinten
599:wrote
537:dhwaja
502:kajang
405:White
335:Notes
332:Color
329:Motif
323:Group
290:kajang
271:wilwas
223:mantri
212:mantri
55:pennon
889:(PDF)
882:(PDF)
613:kawan
609:mawan
601:mawan
585:Notes
571:wilwa
567:cihna
535:atau
533:dwaja
526:batik
449:King
252:sadak
49:) as
1249:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1202:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1145:ISBN
897:2022
707:flag
474:laka
286:laka
217:The
82:Daha
53:and
27:The
478:mas
276:Of
47:KRI
1268::
1088:.
1024:^
985:^
970:^
856:.
632:,
581:.
466:,
433:-
419:-
402:-
385:-
382:)
361:-
358:-
355:)
284:,
280:,
1257:.
1229:.
1210:.
1191:.
1172:.
1153:.
937:.
899:.
866:.
378:(
374:—
349:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
