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racing car. This engine employed a cylinder-head design with exhaust ports where the intake ports would normally be (on top of the engine, pointing upwards). The intake ports are between the intake and exhaust camshafts, just above the spark-plugs, pointing at an outward angle from the vertical. This
114:
competed in several
Formula One races. The 512 F1 was powered by a 1.5 L (92 cu in) flat-twelve engine and raced alongside the V8-engined Ferrari 158 upon which it was based. Ferrari returned to using flat-twelve engines in 1970, when the
106:
racing car. The engine, known as the
Porsche Typ 360, was supercharged and had a displacement of 1.5 L (92 cu in). One engine was built and the car conducted top speed testing, but it never competed in any races.
123:, was introduced in 1975 and won the Formula One constructors championships from 1975 to 1979. The success of the Ferrari 312T led other Formula One teams to build flat-twelve engines, such as the 1979
195:
configuration used by the flat-eight. The domination of the
Porsche 917 probably influenced Ferrari, because they switched from V12 engines to flat-twelve engines (using a boxer configuration) for the
191:
sports prototype racing car introduced an air-cooled flat-twelve engine. This flat-twelve engine was based on the previous flat-eight engine, but it used a V12 crankshaft configuration instead of the
473:
520:
319:
164:
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was done to allow the engine to be installed lower in the chassis. The C291 was unsuccessful and
Mercedes withdrew from sports-prototype racing after the 1991 season.
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210:
For the 1991 sports-prototype racing category, Mercedes-Benz switched from a twin-turbo V8 engine to a naturally-aspirated flat-twelve engine for in the
163:
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155:
422:
56:, but they have been used in various racing cars during the 1960s and 1970s, and in mid-engined Ferrari road cars from 1973 to 1996.
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70:
Unlike most flat-twin, flat-four, and flat-six engines, flat-twelve engines typically use the crankshaft configuration of a 180°
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flat-twelve engine was built for Subaru's unsuccessful attempt to compete in
Formula One as an engine manufacturer.
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design of each piston having its own crankpin, flat-twelve engines have each pair of pistons sharing a
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From 1973 to 1996, Ferrari used flat-twelve engines in various production models: the 1973-1976
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by a 350 hp (261 kW) Bedford engine flat 12. Another military vehicle usage was the
199:, which competed from 1971 to 1973. Alfa Romeo also used flat-twelve engines in the 1973-1976
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The first known flat-twelve engine was built by
Porsche in 1947 for the abandoned
162:
89:, but because a flat-twelve is wider they are rarely used in front-engined cars.
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in the United States produced a flat-twelve aircraft engine called the O-805-2.
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switched from the V12 engine used by its predecessor. Its successor, the
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348:"1964 - 1965 Ferrari 1512 F1 - Images, Specifications and Information"
474:"Aircooled Motors (Franklin) O-805-2, Horizontally-Opposed 12 Engine"
20:
430:
502:
144:
170:
Eleven 917s pull away at
Goodwood Festival of Speed 2009
429:(Reprint of original WW2 operating manuals ed.).
85:
Compared with a V12 engine, a flat-twelve has a lower
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263:D.A.V flat-12, 340 hp (250 kW) and the
16:Horizontally-opposed 12-cylinder piston engine
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460:AFV Weapons Profile 039 Panhard Armoured Cars
45:with six cylinders on each side of a central
8:
739:
521:
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82:, and thus are flat, but not true boxers.
295:"Cisitalia Grand Prix (Porsche type 360)"
52:Flat-twelve engines are less common than
286:
177:
7:
14:
327:stevemckelvie.files.wordpress.com
255:During World War II, the British
178:Problems playing this file? See
160:
480:. 20 March 2016. Archived from
271:armored cars during the 1950s.
437:. pp. vii, 9(3), 29(19).
320:"Cisitalia 360 Grand Prix Car"
207:sports prototype racing cars.
1:
1066:Piston engine configurations
39:horizontally opposed-twelve
1082:
63:
462:. Profile Publications.
352:www.ultimatecarpage.com
276:Franklin Engine Company
41:, is a twelve-cylinder
662:Single-acting cylinder
595:Double-acting cylinder
478:www.airandspace.si.edu
274:During the 1940s, the
259:tank was powered by a
149:
30:
530:Engine configurations
148:
24:
632:Oscillating cylinder
336:on 27 February 2015.
104:Cisitalia Grand Prix
725:Two-and four-stroke
627:Intake over exhaust
225:Ferrari 365 GT/4 BB
156:Porsche 917 flat-12
458:Ogorkiewicz, R.M.
243:and the 1994-1996
237:Ferrari Testarossa
212:Mercedes-Benz C291
150:
37:, also known as a
35:flat-twelve engine
31:
29:mid-mounted engine
27:Ferrari Testarossa
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
744:Inline / straight
642:Overhead camshaft
484:on 8 October 2019
444:978-0-11-290404-5
299:www.stuttcars.com
205:Alfa Romeo 33SC12
201:Alfa Romeo 33TT12
165:
138:Sports car racing
87:center of gravity
74:. Instead of the
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740:
735:Cylinder layouts
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402:www.formula1.com
398:"Jody Scheckter"
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377:www.formula1.com
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329:. Archived from
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239:, the 1991-1994
235:, the 1984-1991
231:, the 1981-1984
227:, the 1976-1981
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110:In 1964–65, the
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435:The Tank Museum
423:Fletcher, David
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233:Ferrari 512 BBi
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219:Production cars
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647:Overhead valve
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637:Opposed-piston
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534:piston engines
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427:Churchill Tank
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252:
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245:Ferrari F512 M
241:Ferrari 512 TR
229:Ferrari 512 BB
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197:Ferrari 312 PB
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125:Alfa Romeo 177
112:Ferrari 512 F1
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697:Stroke cycles
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187:In 1969, the
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130:In 1990, the
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44:
43:piston engine
40:
36:
28:
23:
19:
1061:Flat engines
1026:Split-single
844:
812:Flat / boxer
672:Swing-piston
486:. Retrieved
482:the original
477:
468:
459:
453:
426:
417:
405:. Retrieved
401:
392:
380:. Retrieved
376:
373:"Niki Lauda"
367:
355:. Retrieved
351:
342:
331:the original
326:
314:
302:. Retrieved
298:
289:
273:
254:
222:
209:
186:
129:
121:Ferrari 312T
117:Ferrari 312B
109:
101:
84:
76:boxer engine
69:
51:
38:
34:
32:
18:
715:Five-stroke
710:Four-stroke
667:Split cycle
605:Free-piston
548:Atmospheric
269:Panhard EBR
189:Porsche 917
132:Subaru 1235
98:Formula One
93:Racing cars
66:Flat engine
54:V12 engines
1055:Categories
720:Six-stroke
705:Two-stroke
622:Heron head
580:Cam engine
282:References
257:Covenanter
251:Other uses
180:media help
64:See also:
47:crankshaft
25:1984-1991
488:8 October
425:(1983) .
407:5 October
382:5 October
357:5 October
304:6 October
265:Churchill
652:Pentroof
600:Flathead
590:Compound
568:Rotative
80:crankpin
72:V engine
860:V / Vee
677:Uniflow
610:Stelzer
585:Camless
563:Cornish
261:Meadows
1021:Radial
1011:Deltic
657:Rotary
575:Bourke
441:
60:Design
1004:Other
687:Wedge
553:Axial
334:(PDF)
323:(PDF)
193:boxer
682:Watt
617:Hemi
558:Beam
541:Type
532:for
490:2019
439:ISBN
431:HMSO
409:2019
384:2019
359:2019
306:2019
203:and
995:W30
990:W24
985:W18
980:W16
975:W12
942:V24
937:V20
932:V18
927:V16
922:V14
917:V12
912:V10
900:VR6
888:VR5
850:F16
845:F12
840:F10
802:I14
797:I12
1057::
970:W8
965:W6
960:W3
907:V8
895:V6
883:V5
878:V4
873:V3
868:V2
835:F8
830:F6
825:F4
820:F2
792:I9
787:I8
782:I7
777:I6
772:I5
767:I4
762:I3
757:I2
752:I1
476:.
433:/
400:.
375:.
350:.
325:.
297:.
247:.
127:.
49:.
33:A
1036:X
1031:U
1016:H
952:W
522:e
515:t
508:v
492:.
447:.
411:.
386:.
361:.
308:.
182:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
