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The purpose of the flatrods was to transfer the power of the motive engine over greater distances to the pump rods in the shaft. This was necessary if the motive engine could not be mounted above or immediately next to the mine shaft. A flatrod system had the disadvantage that there were additional
235:, to operate the man engine rods. In some cases the lifting rod system performed both duties. It consisted of roughly 19 to 20 centimetre thick squared spruce timbers. The poles were dovetailed at the ends and sides and were fixed to one another with correspondingly mortised wooden joints (
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systems, even though the water wheel in question had a rotary, not a reciprocal, motion. So that the rods could be made to move in a reciprocal fashion, a change of direction had to be achieved by means of specially shaped components. The components of the system that were mounted in the
287:) of the interconnected flatrods led to lifting losses of from 25 to 50 percent. In addition the construction of flatrods required additional timber. This was very maintenance-intensive due to the effects of weathering and it needed additional staff to inspect and maintain the flatrods.
239:). These joints were tightly bound to the ends of the lifting rods with iron collars. In addition the iron collars were prevented from slipping by bolts inserted through them. At set distances there were also hooks on the sides that were used to hang the piston rods (
301:). The former were laid on rollers. The rollers consisted of round timbers about eight to ten inches thick, that were firmly set into the ground on their underside and fixed in place with braces. In order to minimise friction, the rod was fitted with a drag rail (
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71:) to be transferred over short distances. It was invented in the 16th century and by the 18th century was being used to transmit power up to four kilometres. Flatrod systems were widely used in the
294:. These were cut to fit in such a way that one rod could be mortised into another. This was necessary so that the flatrods could not slide apart as a result of to-and-fro or up-and-down motion.
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The flatrods consisted of several wooden rods, fitted with iron hinges. At the ends of the rods, on either side, were so-called
243:). So that the horizontal movement of the flat rods could be turned into a vertical movement, a rotating cross-shaped lever (
406:
Technologische
Encyklopädie oder alphabetisches Handbuch der Technologie, der technischen Chemie und des Maschinenwesens.
187:) themselves were used to transfer power over greater distances between the main engine and the pump rods. Iron collars (
231:, either to transfer power to the individual sets of shaft pumps (when they were known as pump rods) or, in the case of
203:) were long squared timbers that transmitted the power horizontally or at an incline. They had articulated iron joints (
305:) in the area of the individual rollers that was made of beechwood and long enough to for the entire stroke length.
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There were two types of flatrod: flatrods with rollers and flatrods with oscillating cranks (
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losses due to the greater masses that had to be moved. The reciprocal motion in the joints (
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Fünfter Band, Verlag der J. G. Gotta'schen
Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1834
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Replica of the flatrod system at the Carler Teich, Clausthal-Zellerfeld
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199:) as well as certain parts of the wooden flatrods. The actual rods (
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Description of the water region in the Harz. GeoMuseum TU Clausthal
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The flatrod system dates to the period before the invention of the
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Stronger Than a
Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel
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Druck und Verlag von
Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig 1900
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and there is a replica water wheel, used to drive flatrods, in
251:). To balance the load it was usual to have two lifting rods.
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The
Mechanical Transmission of Power (1): Stangenkunst
191:) were fitted onto the wheel axles, connecting pipes (
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Function (video) of the flatrod system in Sördalen,
23:Water wheel and flatrods (Aufgeklärtes Glück Mine)
114:, formerly the biggest mining region in Europe.
379:Bey Siegfried Leberecht Crusius, Leipzig 1772
263:Horizontal flatrod system in Pershyttan near
227:The lifting rod system ran vertically up the
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151:. Using flatrods it was possible to operate
348:Blaues Band durch Sachsen-Anhalt: Bad Kösen
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390:Neuestes Berg-und Hütten-Lexikon.
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365:Salzbergbau und Salinenkunde.
223:Flatrod system in operation
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454:Water management in mining
324:Bergmännisches Wörterbuch.
55:) was an invention of the
404:Joh. Jos. Prechtl (ed.):
79:of Germany as well as in
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388:Carl Friedrich Richter:
176:were called drift rods (
164:were called shaft rods (
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338:Terry S. Reynolds 1983
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449:Propulsion
438:Categories
309:References
281:efficiency
245:Kunstkreuz
189:Kunstringe
112:Upper Harz
89:Bergslagen
299:Schwingen
285:Schlösser
229:mineshaft
100:Bad Kösen
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53:Stånggång
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16:Invention
255:Flatrods
81:Cornwall
69:Kunstrad
157:pumping
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