279:
142:
31:
287:
329:
1469:
298:. It can also be used as a painting medium, making oil paints more fluid, transparent and glossy. It is available in varieties such as cold-pressed, alkali-refined, sun-bleached, sun-thickened, and polymerised (stand oil). The introduction of linseed oil was a significant advance in the technology of oil painting.
265:
Most applications of linseed oil exploit its drying properties, i.e., the initial material is liquid or at least pliable and the aged material is rigid but not brittle. The water-repelling (hydrophobic) nature of the resulting
420:, etc.). It has a much longer working time than water-based size and gives a firm smooth surface that is adhesive enough in the first 12–24 hours after application to cause the gold to attach firmly to the intended surface.
399:
Linseed oil is a common finish for wooden items, though very fine finish may require months to obtain. Studies show the fatty-acid structure of linseed oil has problems cross-linking and oxidizing, frequently turning black.
388:, linseed oil dries slowly and shrinks little upon hardening. A linseed oil finish is easily scratched and liquid water penetrates a linseed oil finish in mere minutes, and water vapour bypasses it almost completely.
487:). Plant breeders have developed flaxseed with both higher ALA (70%) and very low ALA content (< 3%). The USFDA granted generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for high alpha linolenic flaxseed oil.
314:
powder and linseed oil, is a sealant for glass windows that hardens within a few weeks of application and can then be painted over. The durability of putty is owed to the drying properties of linseed oil.
474:
Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, in the absence of oxygen, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil. Fresh, refrigerated and unprocessed, linseed oil is used as a
1695:
Raw linseed oil is the base oil, unprocessed and without driers or thinners. It is mostly used as a feedstock for making a boiled oil. It does not cure sufficiently well or quickly to be regarded as a
440:("vinyl") floor coverings. However, since the 1990s, linoleum is returning to favor, being considered more environmentally sound than PVC. Linoleum has given its name to the printmaking technique
1647:
Stand oil is generated by heating linseed oil near 300 °C for a few days in the complete absence of air. Under these conditions, the polyunsaturated fatty esters convert to conjugated
230:
Having a high content of di- and tri-unsaturated esters, linseed oil is susceptible to polymerization reactions upon exposure to oxygen in air. This polymerization, which is called
1663:
converts very quickly, being complete in minutes at 260 °C. Coatings prepared from stand oils are less prone to yellowing than are coatings derived from the parent oils.
1934:
2349:
456:
Raw cold-pressed linseed oil – commonly known as flax seed oil in nutritional contexts – is easily oxidized, and rapidly becomes rancid, with an unpleasant
2653:
Callaway J, Schwab U, Harvima I, Halonen P, Mykkänen O, Hyvönen P, Järvinen T (April 2005). "Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis".
234:, results in the rigidification of the material. To prevent premature drying, linseed oil-based products (oil paints, putty) are stored in airtight containers.
3238:
436:, linoleum, or "lino" for short, was a common form of domestic and industrial floor covering from the 1870s until the 1970s, when it was largely replaced by
396:. Oiled wood may be yellowish and is likely to darken with age. Even though the oil feels dry to the touch, studies show linseed oil does not fully cure.
1655:, leading to crosslinking. The product, which is highly viscous, gives highly uniform coatings that "dry" to more elastic coatings than linseed oil itself.
278:
479:
and is a traditional
European ethnic food, highly regarded for its nutty flavor. Regular flaxseed oil contains between 57% and 71% polyunsaturated fats (
3794:
2239:
All values in this table are from this database unless otherwise cited or when italicized as the simple arithmetic sum of other component columns.
444:, in which a relief design is cut into the smooth surface and then inked and used to print an image. The results are similar to those obtained by
2085:
3014:
Breiing, Vera; Hillmer, Jennifer; Schmidt, Christina; Petry, Michael; Behrends, Brigitte; Steiner, Ulrike; Kraska, Thorsten; Pude, Ralf (2021).
2204:
2841:
2116:
3550:
471:
in whole flaxseeds did not decrease after heating the seeds to temperatures of up to 178 °C (352.4 °F) for one and a half hours.
3137:
3112:
2313:"Changes in dry matter, oil content and fatty acids composition of avocado during harvesting time and post-harvesting ripening period"
1768:
4408:
1847:
1552:
371:
3231:
3102:
1687:) that promote hardening (polymerisation) of linseed oil by reaction with atmospheric oxygen. Heating shortens its drying time.
2132:
338:
257:, was severely damaged in a fire, in which three firefighters perished, thought to be caused by rags soaked with linseed oil.
4398:
3685:
3085:
2262:
Values from
Nutritiondata.com (SR 21) may need to be reconciled with most recent release from the USDA SR 28 as of Sept 2017.
1490:
3180:
3153:
2250:"Fats and fatty acids contents per 100 g (click for "more details"). Example: Avocado oil (user can search for other oils)"
1533:
4393:
3545:
2469:
1505:
1486:
141:
4403:
3787:
3224:
702:
695:
428:
Linseed oil is used to bind wood dust, cork particles, and related materials in the manufacture of the floor covering
2312:
2187:
2153:
2973:
1726:
1512:
3208:
2046:
Chen, Z. Y.; Ratnayake, W. M. N.; Cunnane, S. C. (1994). "Oxidative stability of flaxseed lipids during baking".
749:
2272:
1519:
4388:
3261:
2991:
Goldberg, Leah (2008-10-26). "Measuring Rate
Capability of a Bakelite-Trigger RPC Coated with Linseed Oil".
2697:
2159:. Interactive European Network for Industrial Crops and their Applications. October 14, 2002. Archived from
1479:
2375:
4112:
3780:
3665:
476:
342:
246:
1683:(litharge) to give a product called boiled linseed oil. The lead oxide forms lead "soaps" (lead oxide is
4015:
3291:
2941:
2806:
1501:
688:
128:
2959:
2919:
2897:
2879:
2784:
2762:
2740:
2718:
2582:
2560:
2538:
2516:
2494:
2435:
2289:
68:
Owing to its polymer-forming properties, linseed oil is often blended with combinations of other oils,
104:. Linseed oil use has declined over the past several decades with increased availability of synthetic
3690:
3680:
3276:
3016:"Fungicidal Efficacy of Drying Plant Oils in Green Beans against Bean Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)"
2996:
1652:
1628:
1575:
731:
600:
480:
465:
183:
158:
49:(in its edible form), is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the
2208:
4357:
4333:
3560:
120:
2252:. Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast for the USDA National Nutrient Database, Standard Release 21. 2014
1784:
Vereshchagin, A. G.; Novitskaya, Galina V. (1965). "The triglyceride composition of linseed oil".
237:
Rags soaked with linseed oil pose fire hazard because they provide a large surface area for rapid
3731:
3645:
3620:
3590:
3447:
3331:
3311:
3286:
3247:
2678:
2063:
1996:
1957:
1880:
1809:
437:
250:
124:
116:
62:
1899:
3920:
3635:
3369:
3133:
3108:
3081:
3047:
2922:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2900:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2837:
2787:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2765:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2743:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2721:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2670:
2635:
2585:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2563:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2541:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2519:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2497:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2438:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2378:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2292:. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016
2112:
2034:
2018:
1863:
Ettling, Bruce V.; Adams, Mark F. (1971). "Spontaneous combustion of linseed oil in sawdust".
1843:
1801:
1764:
1704:
1618:
1608:
186:, which oxidises in air. The fatty acids in a typical linseed oil are of the following types:
58:
3202:
4293:
3910:
3660:
3570:
3378:
3073:
3037:
3027:
2829:
2662:
2625:
2617:
2417:
2055:
1988:
1949:
1872:
1835:
1793:
1756:
1672:
1671:
Boiled linseed oil is a combination of raw linseed oil, stand oil (see above), and metallic
1360:
962:
548:
464:. Linseed oil is not generally recommended for use in cooking. In one study, the content of
433:
389:
1977:"Here We Go 'Round Again: Cleaning Linseed Oil from Carousel Animalsatthe Shelburne Museum"
30:
4228:
4096:
4040:
3862:
3630:
3305:
3281:
2249:
2191:
2086:"Chapter 1: Description and Composition of Flax; In: Flax – A Health and Nutrition Primer"
574:
1526:
3000:
4253:
4243:
4233:
3715:
3670:
3414:
3042:
3015:
2719:"Safflower oil, salad or cooking, high oleic, primary commerce, fat composition, 100 g"
2630:
2605:
2517:"Corn oil, industrial and retail, all purpose salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g"
2031:
The Office
Interior Design Guide: An Introduction for Facility and Design Professionals
1024:
957:
924:
535:
385:
81:
1953:
286:
4418:
4413:
4382:
4367:
4318:
4303:
4288:
4205:
4180:
4106:
4081:
3966:
3896:
3751:
3580:
3565:
3300:
2405:
2000:
1884:
1581:
1390:
1253:
1091:
740:
671:
587:
509:
484:
461:
417:
282:"Your country needs flax .." U.S. WWII poster soliciting linseed oil for use in paint
212:
194:
150:
2682:
2067:
1961:
1813:
4328:
4298:
4200:
4025:
3961:
3925:
3756:
3266:
2421:
2185:
Fettsäurezusammensetzung wichtiger pflanzlicher und tierischer
Speisefette und -öle
1676:
825:
522:
353:
254:
231:
198:
179:
146:
661:
Flax seed oil contains no significant amounts of protein, carbohydrates or fibre.
2920:"Soybean oil, salad or cooking, (partially hydrogenated), fat composition, 100 g"
4362:
4323:
4278:
4268:
4131:
4122:
4091:
4045:
4020:
3956:
3935:
3836:
3675:
3655:
3610:
3186:
3161:
1731:
1703:
to increase surface friction for better ball control. It was also used to treat
1700:
1656:
1468:
1355:
1322:
858:
758:
709:
267:
182:, like other fats. Linseed oil is distinctive for its unusually large amount of
93:
2785:"Palm oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, filling fat, fat composition, 100 g"
1992:
4313:
4273:
4238:
4210:
4185:
4170:
4151:
4050:
3746:
3700:
3502:
3497:
3387:
3360:
3346:
3271:
2666:
1716:
1696:
1680:
1622:
1423:
1290:
1220:
792:
719:
636:
561:
242:
225:
205:
166:
112:
3077:
1976:
1900:"Highrise Office Building Fire One Meridian Plaza Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"
1839:
1760:
4308:
4283:
4195:
4165:
4136:
4086:
4035:
4030:
3997:
3761:
3710:
3640:
3615:
3585:
3555:
3507:
3492:
3487:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3341:
3296:
2857:
1592:
1124:
295:
238:
89:
3201:
3051:
3032:
2674:
2639:
2323:
2273:"USDA Specifications for Vegetable Oil Margarine Effective August 28, 1996"
3104:
Medieval and
Renaissance Treatises on the Arts of Painting: Original Texts
2184:
2160:
1805:
675:
The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat.
4258:
4248:
4220:
4190:
4175:
4141:
4073:
3971:
3886:
3871:
3595:
3575:
3512:
3472:
3457:
3351:
2962:. US National Nutrient Database, United States Department of Agriculture.
1684:
1660:
1603:
1191:
1158:
1058:
891:
429:
101:
2561:"Cottonseed oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, fat composition, 100 g"
17:
3987:
3947:
3826:
3818:
3772:
3741:
3695:
3625:
3605:
3452:
3326:
3316:
2833:
2828:. Vol. 2 (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 465.
2621:
2059:
1876:
1797:
1659:
can be treated similarly, but converts more slowly. On the other hand,
1613:
1597:
1569:
1493: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
654:
648:
642:
445:
441:
413:
85:
77:
73:
3216:
2824:
Orthoefer FT (2005). "Chapter 10: Rice Bran Oil". In
Shahidi F (ed.).
2606:"Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health"
4160:
3992:
3905:
3881:
3848:
3736:
3600:
3522:
3517:
3477:
3467:
3462:
3405:
3396:
1586:
409:
393:
69:
1898:
Routley, J. Gordon; Jennings, Charles; Chubb, Mark (February 1991),
2404:
Katragadda HR, Fullana A, Sidhu S, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA (2010).
3831:
1648:
457:
311:
307:
285:
277:
140:
127:. In parts of Europe, it is traditionally eaten with potatoes and
105:
97:
29:
2183:
Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft (see 'Leinöl Europa':
2133:"U.S. FDA/CFSAN Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 00256"
416:
to adhere sheets of gold leaf to a substrate (parchment, canvas,
3930:
3915:
3876:
3858:
3843:
3705:
3527:
3482:
1721:
349:
145:
Representative triglyceride found in a linseed oil, a triester (
50:
3776:
3220:
4064:
3809:
1572:
maintenance as a thread fixative, rust inhibitor and lubricant
1462:
322:
2604:
Garavaglia J, Markoski MM, Oliveira A, Marcadenti A (2016).
2583:"Linseed/Flaxseed oil, cold pressed, fat composition, 100 g"
2234:
27:
Oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant
2350:"What is unrefined, extra virgin cold-pressed avocado oil?"
2539:"Cottonseed oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g"
2406:"Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils"
3068:
Poth, Ulrich (2001). "Drying Oils and
Related Products".
1830:
Poth, Ulrich (2001). "Drying Oils and
Related Products".
2898:"Soybean oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g"
2107:
Thompson, Lilian U.; Cunnane, Stephen C., eds. (2003).
625:
Nutrition information from the Flax Council of Canada.
108:
resins—which function similarly but resist yellowing.
3182:
Staining and Finishing for Muzzleloading Gun Builders
2741:"Olive oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g"
190:
The triply unsaturated α-linolenic acid (51.9–55.2%),
2237:. United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016.
4219:
4150:
4121:
4105:
4072:
4063:
4008:
3980:
3946:
3895:
3857:
3817:
3808:
3724:
3536:
3325:
3254:
2015:Craftsman's Construction Installation Encyclopedia
1981:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
2993:APS Division of Nuclear Physics Meeting Abstracts
2348:Wong M, Requejo-Jackman C, Woolf A (April 2010).
2229:
2227:
2225:
1935:"Drying and oxidative degradation of linseed oil"
1923:. Reader's Digest Association, Inc., 2005, p. 75.
1975:Kerschner, Richard L.; Ravenel, Nancie (2013).
3431:Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D)
3179:Knight, William A.; Mende, William R. (2000).
3070:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1832:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1753:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3788:
3232:
2048:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
1786:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
8:
2235:"US National Nutrient Database, Release 28"
2111:(2nd ed.). AOCS Press. pp. 8–11.
1933:Lazzari, Massimo; Chiantore, Oscar (1999).
34:Flax, flax seeds, linseed oil, linseed cake
4118:
4069:
3814:
3795:
3781:
3773:
3239:
3225:
3217:
2322:. Elsevier. pp. 79–83. Archived from
668:
352:. Please do not remove this message until
3041:
3031:
2629:
1825:
1823:
1675:(catalysts to accelerate drying). In the
1553:Learn how and when to remove this message
372:Learn how and when to remove this message
2826:Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products
2376:"Brazil nut oil, fat composition, 100 g"
2207:. Flax Council of Canada. Archived from
1751:Jones, Frank N. (2003). "Alkyd Resins".
494:
348:Relevant discussion may be found on the
76:as an impregnator, drying oil finish or
2655:The Journal of Dermatological Treatment
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
1743:
3132:(2nd ed.). Sterling. p. 96.
3063:
3061:
2470:"Where There's Smoke, There's a Fryer"
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2079:
2077:
1621:(including as an active ingredient of
3185:. privately published. Archived from
2495:"Coconut oil, fat composition, 100 g"
2290:"Avocado oil, fat composition, 100 g"
1909:, Federal Emergency Management Agency
694:
392:treated with linseed oil may develop
7:
2960:"Walnut oil, fat composition, 100 g"
2436:"Canola oil, fat composition, 100 g"
2356:. The American Oil Chemists' Society
1699:. Raw linseed is sometimes used for
1491:adding citations to reliable sources
294:Linseed oil is the carrier used in
2763:"Palm oil, fat composition, 100 g"
2707:. The Vegetarian Health Institute.
665:Comparison to other vegetable oils
241:. The oxidation of linseed oil is
25:
1942:Polymer Degradation and Stability
669:
432:. After its invention in 1860 by
270:-based material is advantageous.
2610:Nutrition and Metabolic Insights
2017:, Craftsman Book Company, 2004,
1467:
327:
2880:"Oil, sesame, salad or cooking"
2033:, John Wiley & Sons, 1994,
1478:needs additional citations for
452:Nutritional supplement and food
2422:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.070
1679:, linseed oil was boiled with
408:Boiled linseed oil is used as
1:
1954:10.1016/S0141-3910(99)00020-8
3101:Merrifield, Mary P. (2012).
1921:Understanding Wood Finishing
100:, and in the manufacture of
3107:. Dover Publications, Inc.
2311:Ozdemir F, Topuz A (2004).
2109:Flaxseed in human nutrition
498:Typical fatty acid content
354:conditions to do so are met
310:, consisting of a paste of
290:A can of French linseed oil
4435:
3551:β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate
3441:Naphthoquinone (Vitamin K)
3209:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1993:10.1179/019713606806112450
1727:National Linseed Oil Trust
1452:160 °C (320 °F)
1418:227 °C (440 °F)
1350:238 °C (460 °F)
1285:232 °C (450 °F)
1248:232 °C (450 °F)
1186:235 °C (455 °F)
1153:193 °C (380 °F)
1119:212 °C (414 °F)
1086:166 °C (330 °F)
1053:216 °C (421 °F)
1019:107 °C (225 °F)
952:216 °C (420 °F)
919:232 °C (450 °F)
886:175 °C (347 °F)
853:204 °C (400 °F)
820:208 °C (406 °F)
787:250 °C (482 °F)
223:
57:). The oil is obtained by
4350:
3426:Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
2667:10.1080/09546630510035832
2468:Wolke RL (May 16, 2007).
2084:Morris, Diane H. (2007).
2013:S. Diller and J. Diller,
718:
708:
701:
687:
682:
679:
135:Structure and composition
4409:Wood finishing materials
3078:10.1002/14356007.a09_055
2088:. Flax Council of Canada
1840:10.1002/14356007.a09_055
1761:10.1002/14356007.a01_409
1705:leather flat belt drives
1092:High-oleic safflower oil
61:, sometimes followed by
3262:Bodybuilding supplement
3128:Franks, George (1999).
2205:"Flax - A Healthy Food"
211:The doubly unsaturated
4264:Linseed (flaxseed) oil
3436:Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
3130:Classic Wood Finishing
3033:10.3390/plants10010143
2698:"Smoke points of oils"
1578:for moulded decoration
1361:partially hydrogenated
477:nutritional supplement
291:
283:
247:spontaneous combustion
173:
35:
4399:Visual arts materials
4299:Rapeseed (canola) oil
3154:"Caring for your Bat"
2974:"Smoke Point of Oils"
2166:on September 27, 2007
1653:Diels-Alder reactions
1651:, which then undergo
1638:Modified linseed oils
469:-linolenic acid (ALA)
289:
281:
144:
33:
4051:Vegetable shortening
3803:Edible fats and oils
3636:Japanese honeysuckle
2882:. FoodData Central.
1707:to reduce slipping.
1576:Composition ornament
1566:Animal care products
1487:improve this article
601:Alpha-linolenic acid
481:alpha-linolenic acid
306:Traditional glazing
245:, which may lead to
204:The monounsaturated
193:The saturated acids
161:alpha-linolenic acid
4394:Dietary supplements
4334:Watermelon seed oil
3561:Chondroitin sulfate
3379:Pantothenic acid (B
3342:Retinol (Vitamin A)
3312:Protein supplements
3248:Dietary supplements
3203:"Linseed Oil"
3001:2008APS..DNP.DA033G
2474:The Washington Post
2029:Julie K. Rayfield,
1701:oiling cricket bats
676:
412:in traditional oil
341:of this section is
55:Linum usitatissimum
4404:Painting materials
3732:Codex Alimentarius
3621:Grape seed extract
3282:Herbal supplements
3164:on 16 August 2017.
2978:Baseline of Health
2942:"FoodData Central"
2860:. RITO Partnership
2834:10.1002/047167849X
2622:10.4137/NMI.S32910
2190:2008-12-22 at the
2060:10.1007/BF02540591
1907:Report USFA-TR-049
1877:10.1007/BF02590415
1798:10.1007/BF02632457
1667:Boiled linseed oil
1629:Cookware seasoning
1609:Particle detectors
628:Per 1 tbsp (14 g)
292:
284:
251:One Meridian Plaza
174:
125:omega-3 fatty acid
117:dietary supplement
111:Linseed oil is an
63:solvent extraction
36:
4376:
4375:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4059:
4058:
3981:Other animal fats
3921:Manteiga-da-terra
3770:
3769:
3415:Cyanocobalamin (B
3332:chemical elements
2843:978-0-471-38552-3
2118:978-1-893997-38-7
1673:oil drying agents
1619:Wood preservation
1563:
1562:
1555:
1537:
1456:
1455:
623:
622:
382:
381:
374:
220:Drying properties
178:Linseed oil is a
119:, as a source of
16:(Redirected from
4426:
4294:Pumpkin seed oil
4191:Mongongo nut oil
4119:
4070:
3911:Clarified butter
3815:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3725:Related articles
3631:Iron supplements
3571:Copper gluconate
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3190:
3166:
3165:
3160:. Archived from
3158:Gunn & Moore
3150:
3144:
3143:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3035:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2980:. Jonbarron.org.
2970:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2946:fdc.nal.usda.gov
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2884:fdc.nal.usda.gov
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2811:FoodData Central
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:. U.S. FDA/CFSAN
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1939:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1748:
1633:Plant protection
1558:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1495:
1471:
1463:
992:Flaxseed/linseed
677:
549:Palmitoleic acid
495:
491:Nutrient content
434:Frederick Walton
390:Garden furniture
377:
370:
366:
363:
357:
331:
330:
323:
184:α-linolenic acid
171:
163:
155:
121:α-linolenic acid
96:and hardener in
41:, also known as
21:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4338:
4229:Ambadi seed oil
4215:
4146:
4108:
4101:
4097:Shark liver oil
4055:
4041:Palm kernel oil
4004:
3976:
3942:
3891:
3853:
3804:
3801:
3771:
3766:
3720:
3538:
3532:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3333:
3330:
3321:
3306:Bifidobacterium
3250:
3245:
3200:
3197:
3178:
3175:
3173:Further reading
3170:
3169:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2886:. 1 April 2019.
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2858:"Rice bran oil"
2856:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2403:
2402:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2192:Wayback Machine
2182:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2012:
2008:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1865:Fire Technology
1862:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1792:(11): 970–974.
1783:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1713:
1693:
1691:Raw linseed oil
1669:
1645:
1640:
1559:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1496:
1494:
1484:
1472:
1461:
1459:Additional uses
772:
751:
745:
743:
736:
734:
724:
722:
705:
703:Polyunsaturated
698:
696:Monounsaturated
691:
684:
674:
667:
575:Eicosenoic acid
493:
454:
426:
406:
384:When used as a
378:
367:
361:
358:
347:
332:
328:
321:
304:
276:
263:
228:
222:
197:(about 7%) and
167:
159:
151:
137:
115:in demand as a
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4432:
4430:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4389:Vegetable oils
4381:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:Grape seed oil
4251:
4246:
4244:Cottonseed oil
4241:
4236:
4234:Apple seed oil
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4116:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4009:Vegetable fats
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3823:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3716:Zinc gluconate
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:St John's wort
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3671:Red yeast rice
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3196:
3195:External links
3193:
3192:
3191:
3189:on 2013-05-30.
3174:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3145:
3139:978-0806970639
3138:
3120:
3114:978-0486142241
3113:
3093:
3086:
3057:
3006:
2983:
2965:
2951:
2933:
2911:
2889:
2871:
2849:
2842:
2816:
2798:
2776:
2754:
2732:
2710:
2688:
2645:
2596:
2574:
2552:
2530:
2508:
2486:
2449:
2427:
2410:Food Chemistry
2389:
2367:
2340:
2320:Food Chemistry
2303:
2281:
2264:
2241:
2221:
2196:
2176:
2145:
2124:
2117:
2099:
2073:
2054:(6): 629–632.
2038:
2022:
2006:
1987:(3): 201–210.
1967:
1948:(2): 303–313.
1925:
1919:Flexner, Bob.
1912:
1890:
1855:
1848:
1819:
1776:
1770:978-3527306732
1769:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1692:
1689:
1668:
1665:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1582:Earthen floors
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
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1327:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
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1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:(extra virgin)
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
988:
987:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
971:
968:
965:
960:
954:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
927:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
861:
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
828:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
766:
763:
761:
755:
754:
747:
738:
729:
726:
717:
713:
712:
707:
700:
693:
686:
681:
672:vegetable oils
670:Properties of
666:
663:
659:
658:
652:
646:
640:
633:
621:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
597:
596:
593:
590:
584:
583:
580:
577:
571:
570:
567:
564:
558:
557:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
538:
536:Arachidic acid
532:
531:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
499:
492:
489:
453:
450:
425:
422:
405:
402:
380:
379:
335:
333:
326:
320:
317:
303:
300:
275:
272:
262:
259:
224:Main article:
221:
218:
217:
216:
209:
202:
191:
176:
175:
136:
133:
82:wood finishing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4431:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4368:Essential oil
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:Sunflower oil
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Safflower oil
4307:
4305:
4304:Rice bran oil
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Poppyseed oil
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Pistachio oil
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Macadamia oil
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Cod liver oil
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Borneo tallow
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
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3752:Nutraceutical
3750:
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3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Dietary fiber
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Cod liver oil
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:Other common
3535:
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3506:
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3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3406:Folic acid (B
3404:
3402:
3395:
3393:
3388:Pyridoxine (B
3386:
3384:
3377:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3361:Riboflavin (B
3359:
3357:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
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3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3328:
3324:
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3307:
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3302:
3301:Lactobacillus
3298:
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2812:
2808:
2807:"Oil, peanut"
2802:
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2780:
2777:
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2755:
2742:
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2720:
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2705:veghealth.com
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2394:
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2377:
2371:
2368:
2355:
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2344:
2341:
2329:on 2020-01-16
2325:
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2268:
2265:
2251:
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2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2211:on 2011-07-06
2210:
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1998:
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1849:9783527303854
1845:
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1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504: –
1503:
1502:"Linseed oil"
1499:
1498:Find sources:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:This section
1474:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1448:
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1275:
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1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1254:Rice bran oil
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
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1235:
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1224:
1222:
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650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
634:
632:Calories: 126
631:
630:
629:
626:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
594:
591:
589:
588:Linoleic acid
586:
585:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
511:
510:Palmitic acid
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
490:
488:
486:
485:linoleic acid
482:
478:
472:
470:
468:
463:
459:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
421:
419:
418:Armenian bole
415:
411:
403:
401:
397:
395:
391:
387:
376:
373:
365:
362:February 2024
355:
351:
345:
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271:
269:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
227:
219:
214:
213:linoleic acid
210:
208:(18.5–22.6%),
207:
203:
200:
196:
195:palmitic acid
192:
189:
188:
187:
185:
181:
172:
170:
164:
162:
156:
154:
153:linoleic acid
149:) derived of
148:
143:
139:
138:
134:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
4329:Tea seed oil
4263:
4201:Pine nut oil
4176:Hazelnut oil
4031:Mango butter
4026:Cocoa butter
3926:Niter kibbeh
3757:Multivitamin
3681:Saw palmetto
3661:Milk thistle
3650:
3334:("minerals")
3267:Energy drink
3207:
3187:the original
3181:
3162:the original
3157:
3148:
3129:
3123:
3103:
3096:
3069:
3023:
3019:
3009:
2992:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2914:
2902:. Retrieved
2892:
2883:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2852:
2825:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2713:
2704:
2691:
2661:(2): 87–94.
2658:
2654:
2648:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2413:
2409:
2380:. Retrieved
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2353:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2319:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2284:
2267:
2254:. Retrieved
2244:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:the original
2199:
2179:
2168:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2127:
2108:
2102:
2092:16 September
2090:. Retrieved
2051:
2047:
2041:
2030:
2025:
2014:
2009:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1945:
1941:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1893:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1831:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1752:
1746:
1694:
1677:Medieval era
1670:
1646:
1587:Animal feeds
1549:
1543:January 2021
1540:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1497:
1485:Please help
1480:verification
1477:
1271:
1263:
1196:hydrogenated
991:
963:hydrogenated
660:
627:
624:
523:Stearic acid
473:
466:
462:refrigerated
455:
427:
407:
398:
383:
368:
359:
337:
305:
293:
274:Paint binder
264:
261:Applications
255:Philadelphia
236:
232:autoxidation
229:
199:stearic acid
180:triglyceride
177:
168:
160:
152:
147:triglyceride
110:
67:
54:
46:
43:flaxseed oil
42:
38:
37:
4363:Cooking oil
4324:Soybean oil
4279:Perilla oil
4269:Mustard oil
4132:Avocado oil
4092:Seaweed oil
4074:Marine oils
4046:Shea butter
4021:Coconut oil
3957:Chicken fat
3936:Urfa butter
3676:Royal jelly
3656:Lipoic acid
3651:Linseed oil
3611:Glucosamine
3539:ingredients
3352:Thiamine (B
3277:Fatty acids
2926:6 September
2904:6 September
2813:. usda.gov.
2791:6 September
2769:6 September
2747:6 September
2725:6 September
2589:6 September
2567:6 September
2545:6 September
2523:6 September
2501:6 September
2442:6 September
2382:6 September
2360:26 December
2296:6 September
2256:7 September
1732:Smoke point
1657:Soybean oil
1591:Industrial
1038:14.3
732:α-Linolenic
710:Smoke point
706:fatty acids
699:fatty acids
692:fatty acids
504:% European
386:wood finish
319:Wood finish
268:hydrocarbon
249:. In 1991,
215:(14.2–17%).
201:(3.4–4.6%),
94:plasticizer
39:Linseed oil
4383:Categories
4358:Plant oils
4314:Sesame oil
4274:Peanut oil
4239:Castor oil
4211:Walnut oil
4186:Marula oil
4171:Cashew oil
4161:Almond oil
4107:Vegetable
3747:Herbal tea
3701:Wheatgrass
3601:Folic acid
3503:Phosphorus
3498:Molybdenum
3347:B vitamins
3297:Probiotics
3292:Prebiotics
3272:Energy bar
3087:3527306730
3026:(1): 143.
2995:: DA.033.
2864:22 January
2696:Melina V.
2333:15 January
2215:2008-01-24
2170:2008-01-24
2139:2013-01-29
1871:(3): 225.
1738:References
1717:Danish oil
1697:drying oil
1681:lead oxide
1623:Danish oil
1513:newspapers
1424:Walnut oil
1025:Grape seed
958:Cottonseed
925:Cottonseed
793:Brazil nut
683:Processing
608:56.0–71.0
595:12.0–18.0
569:10.0–22.0
562:Oleic acid
448:printing.
339:neutrality
243:exothermic
226:drying oil
206:oleic acid
169:oleic acid
113:edible oil
90:oil paints
88:binder in
4284:Pequi oil
4221:Seed oils
4196:Pecan oil
4166:Argan oil
4137:Olive oil
4087:Krill oil
4036:Margarine
3998:Whale oil
3967:Goose fat
3819:Pork fats
3762:Nutrition
3711:Yohimbine
3706:Wolfberry
3686:Spirulina
3666:Melatonin
3641:Krill oil
3616:Glutamine
3586:Echinacea
3556:Carnitine
3508:Potassium
3493:Manganese
3488:Magnesium
3397:Biotin (B
3370:Niacin (B
2616:: 59–64.
2416:: 59–65.
2154:"Linseed"
2001:191561961
1885:109500727
1722:Flax seed
1643:Stand oil
1600:treatment
1593:lubricant
1428:unrefined
1391:Sunflower
1116:very high
1059:Hemp seed
1050:very high
689:Saturated
685:treatment
460:, unless
350:talk page
296:oil paint
239:oxidation
4354:See also
4259:Hemp oil
4249:Corn oil
4142:Palm oil
3972:Schmaltz
3962:Duck fat
3887:Tail fat
3872:Dripping
3596:Fish oil
3576:Creatine
3513:Selenium
3473:Fluorine
3458:Chromium
3327:Vitamins
3317:Vitamins
3287:Minerals
3052:33445566
2683:18445488
2675:16019622
2640:27559299
2479:March 5,
2354:Aocs.org
2188:Archived
2068:84981982
1962:96738494
1814:29785363
1711:See also
1685:alkaline
1661:tung oil
1614:Textiles
1604:Oilcloth
741:Linoleic
530:2.0–3.0
517:4.0–6.0
430:linoleum
424:Linoleum
343:disputed
102:linoleum
74:solvents
59:pressing
47:flax oil
18:Flax oil
3988:Blubber
3948:Poultry
3827:Fatback
3742:Hadacol
3696:Taurine
3646:Lingzhi
3626:Guarana
3606:Ginseng
3591:Ephedra
3453:Choline
3448:Calcium
3212:. 1921.
3043:7827098
2997:Bibcode
2631:4988453
1806:5898097
1598:Leather
1570:Bicycle
1527:scholar
1356:Soybean
1323:Soybean
859:Coconut
759:Avocado
655:Omega-9
649:Omega-6
643:Omega-3
446:woodcut
442:linocut
414:gilding
404:Gilding
92:, as a
86:pigment
84:, as a
78:varnish
53:plant (
3993:Muktuk
3906:Butter
3882:Tallow
3863:mutton
3849:Lardon
3737:Enzyte
3523:Sulfur
3518:Sodium
3478:Iodine
3468:Copper
3463:Cobalt
3136:
3111:
3084:
3050:
3040:
3020:Plants
2840:
2681:
2673:
2638:
2628:
2115:
2066:
2035:p. 209
2019:p. 503
1999:
1960:
1883:
1846:
1812:
1804:
1767:
1649:dienes
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1383:13.4:1
1291:Sesame
1282:15.6:1
1245:61.6:1
1221:Peanut
1183:45.5:1
1029:
826:Canola
784:12.5:1
639:: 14 g
635:Total
613:Other
582:0–0.6
556:0–0.5
543:0–0.5
410:sizing
394:mildew
165:, and
70:resins
4123:Fruit
3897:Dairy
3832:Lardo
3255:Types
2701:(PDF)
2679:S2CID
2327:(PDF)
2316:(PDF)
2276:(PDF)
2194:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2157:(PDF)
2064:S2CID
1997:S2CID
1958:S2CID
1938:(PDF)
1903:(PDF)
1881:S2CID
1810:S2CID
1534:JSTOR
1520:books
1415:128:1
1347:7.3:1
1315:138:1
1239:0.318
1125:Olive
1083:2.5:1
1016:0.2:1
984:1.5:1
877:0.019
817:419:1
771:52–66
752:ratio
750:ω−6:3
746:(ω−6)
737:(ω−3)
728:Total
725:(ω−9)
720:Oleic
716:Total
657:: 3 g
651:: 2 g
645:: 8 g
605:47.4
592:24.1
566:19.0
467:alpha
458:odour
312:chalk
308:putty
302:Putty
253:, in
129:quark
123:, an
106:alkyd
98:putty
4419:Flax
4414:Oils
4154:oils
4125:oils
4113:List
4109:oils
4065:Oils
3950:fats
3931:Smen
3916:Ghee
3899:fats
3877:Suet
3865:fats
3859:Beef
3844:Lard
3837:Salo
3810:Fats
3546:AAKG
3528:Zinc
3483:Iron
3134:ISBN
3109:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3048:PMID
2928:2017
2906:2017
2866:2021
2838:ISBN
2793:2017
2771:2017
2749:2017
2727:2017
2671:PMID
2636:PMID
2591:2017
2569:2017
2547:2017
2525:2017
2503:2017
2481:2011
2444:2017
2384:2017
2362:2019
2335:2020
2298:2017
2258:2017
2113:ISBN
2094:2019
1844:ISBN
1802:PMID
1765:ISBN
1506:news
1446:52.9
1443:10.4
1440:63.3
1437:22.2
1434:22.8
1412:20.5
1409:0.16
1406:20.7
1403:62.9
1400:63.4
1397:8.99
1380:34.9
1374:37.6
1371:42.5
1368:43.0
1365:14.9
1338:57.7
1335:22.6
1332:22.8
1329:15.6
1312:41.3
1306:41.7
1303:39.3
1300:39.7
1297:14.2
1279:34.4
1272:36.6
1268:38.4
1264:38.4
1242:19.6
1236:19.9
1233:55.4
1230:57.1
1227:16.2
1199:88.2
1192:Palm
1168:37.0
1165:49.3
1159:Palm
1150:14:1
1141:10.5
1138:71.3
1135:73.0
1132:13.8
1113:12.8
1107:12.8
1104:75.2
1101:75.2
1080:54.0
1077:22.0
1074:82.0
1047:74.7
1044:0.15
1041:74.9
1035:14.8
1032:10.4
1007:67.8
1001:18.4
967:93.6
949:54:1
940:51.9
934:17.8
931:25.9
916:58:1
907:54.7
904:27.3
901:27.6
898:12.9
892:Corn
883:88:1
880:1.68
865:82.5
847:18.6
841:28.1
838:61.8
835:63.3
814:41.9
808:42.0
805:31.3
802:32.7
799:24.8
781:12.5
775:13.5
768:70.6
765:11.6
744:acid
735:acid
723:acid
680:Type
616:0.5
540:0.5
527:2.5
514:6.0
336:The
51:flax
4152:Nut
3329:and
3074:doi
3038:PMC
3028:doi
2830:doi
2663:doi
2626:PMC
2618:doi
2418:doi
2414:120
2056:doi
1989:doi
1950:doi
1873:doi
1836:doi
1794:doi
1757:doi
1489:by
1449:5:1
1431:9.1
1377:2.6
1309:0.3
1276:2.2
1202:5.7
1180:9.1
1177:0.2
1174:9.3
1147:9.8
1144:0.7
1098:7.5
1071:9.0
1068:9.0
1065:7.0
998:9.0
981:0.3
978:0.2
975:0.6
970:1.5
874:1.7
868:6.3
850:2:1
844:9.1
832:7.4
811:0.1
637:fat
501:%
438:PVC
80:in
72:or
65:.
45:or
4385::
3417:12
3206:.
3156:.
3080:.
3072:.
3060:^
3046:.
3036:.
3024:10
3022:.
3018:.
2976:.
2944:.
2836:.
2809:.
2703:.
2677:.
2669:.
2659:16
2657:.
2634:.
2624:.
2612:.
2608:.
2472:.
2452:^
2412:.
2408:.
2392:^
2352:.
2318:.
2224:^
2076:^
2062:.
2052:71
2050:.
1995:.
1985:45
1983:.
1979:.
1956:.
1946:65
1944:.
1940:.
1905:,
1879:.
1867:.
1842:.
1834:.
1822:^
1808:.
1800:.
1790:42
1788:.
1763:.
1755:.
1344:51
1260:25
1171:40
1013:13
1010:53
1004:18
946:54
937:19
913:58
619:-
579:-
553:-
483:,
157:,
131:.
4115:)
4111:(
3861:/
3796:e
3789:t
3782:v
3419:)
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3408:9
3401:)
3399:7
3392:)
3390:6
3383:)
3381:5
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3372:3
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3363:2
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3354:1
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3240:e
3233:t
3226:v
3142:.
3117:.
3090:.
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2642:.
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2070:.
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1991::
1964:.
1952::
1887:.
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1869:7
1852:.
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1796::
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1625:)
1556:)
1550:(
1545:)
1541:(
1531:·
1524:·
1517:·
1510:·
1483:.
1341:7
1207:0
1110:0
943:1
910:1
871:6
778:1
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364:)
360:(
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346:.
20:)
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