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Jeffersonville were completely covered in water making it near impossible to travel. On
January 23, a levee located on the intersection of two main streets failed. This caused for water to start rushing into the city; by midday, the water had risen to a total of 9 feet. The city and state declared martial law on January 24 and the federal government sent 4,000 WPA workers to the city to assist rescue operations. Residents were rapidly evacuated from river town by train and bus in the early stages of the flood, making Indiana the only state to avoid drowning fatalities. According to some residents of the area, the sound of the rushing water was equivalent to that of the Niagara Falls. More than 100,000 persons were left homeless by the disaster.
592:, in January 1937, there was a two-week period of rain followed by a sleet storm. Initially, there were only a few individuals that were skeptical of the risen water level. At the time, most residents were accustomed to it and thought absolutely nothing of it. By January 19, it became clear that the water was reaching a very high level. The Ohio River rose above its 50-foot (15 m) flood stage on January 21, cresting at 60.8 feet (18.5 m) on February 2 and receding again to 50 feet (15 m) on February 15. For nearly three weeks, 27,000 residents were forced to flee to stay with friends and relatives in higher ground in McCracken County or in other counties. Some shelters were provided by the
33:
499:. Floodwaters reached nearly 30 miles (50 km) inland and Harrisburg was nearly destroyed. 4,000 within Harrisburg were left homeless and 80% of the city was inundated. Many flooded mines were deemed condemned which left the local economy crippled. In 1938, the state of Illinois had completed one of the largest operations of its kind ever attempted in the United States, the removal of more than two and a half billion gallons of flood water from Sahara mine No. 3 near downtown Harrisburg. By the time the flood waters had receded, 4000 were left
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safety of friends and relatives, warnings of rising gasoline-covered waters, appeals for help from marooned victims, orders to relief agencies and workers poured into the cramped studios and quickly broadcast. Staff and local volunteers stayed on the air and provided information and support for nine days until 8:00 o'clock the following Sunday night, Jan 31, when the station's regular schedule was resumed.
326:
424:, the rising river threatened to top the flood wall, erected 10 feet (3.0 m) above flood stage. City officials deliberately opened the flood gates and allowed river water to flood the business district 8 to 10 feet (3.0 m) deep, thus preventing a catastrophic breaching of the flood wall. The Ohio River eventually crested 14 feet (4.3 m) over the top of the
280:, especially in the aftermath of the Ohio River flood of 1937, as research had shown that 4% of the water in the lower Mississippi River originates in the Tennessee River watershed. TVA surveyed the lower part of the river and considered the Aurora Landing site, but eventually settled on the present site at river mile 22.4. The
585:), which never rebuilt. As a result of the flood, newer development in Louisville was directed to the east out of the flood plain. The east end has since benefited by a long-term concentration of wealth among residents and businesses which located away from the older central and western areas of the city.
646:
navigated the city via rowboats and helped citizens to reach the relief shelters set up in undamaged churches and schools. Like other communities in the Ohio River Valley, Huntington was regularly visited by damaging floods, and business owners and community members were typically self-reliant in the
616:
started rioting with the rising waters. With the assistance of the
National Guard and state police, some prisoners were transferred to other Kentucky facilities, and the remainder of the original 2,800 prisoners were transferred to in a hastily constructed outdoor barbed wire stockade on high ground.
447:
The river rose to a record 53.74 feet (16.38 m), which was 19 feet (5.8 m) above flood stage, and sent water over the six-month-old riverfront plaza in
Evansville. After January 19, the conditions in New Albany, Indiana were deteriorating at a rapid pace. By January 21, all roads leading to
387:
One hundred thousand people in
Cincinnati were left homeless, as the flood affected the city from January 18 to February 5. The river reached its peak on January 26, at 79.9 feet (24.4 m), more than 25 feet (7.6 m) higher than flood stage. Ohio River levels on January 26–27 were the highest
219:
Building became a regional communications center. They established direct telephonic communication with the city's general relief headquarters in City Hall with Red Cross, the Naval
Reserve, the American Legion, the police and fire departments, and the Coast Guard. Messages of inquiry concerning the
572:
In
Louisville, the water reached a height of 40 feet, which resulted in almost 70 percent of the entire city being underwater. 175,000 people were forced to leave their homes and relocate due to the flood. The reported damage of the flood in the state resulted in about $ 250 million worth of damage.
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The Red Cross and federal government spent the equivalent of $ 11 million in today's money in aid to the city. The
Indiana State Flood Commission was created in response, and it established the Evansville-Vanderburgh Levee Authority District, which built a system of earth levees, concrete walls, and
543:
was completely inundated and the residents were forced to move to a tent city on the outskirts. Property damages in the southern
Illinois region amounted to more than $ 75 million ($ 1.2 billion in 2015). Over three hundred bridges were smashed, six schools were ruined, and twelve hundred submerged
511:
was covered by 8.0 to 14.0 feet (2.4 to 4.3 m) of water; motorboats navigated the entire distance to rescue marooned families. National guard boats were the means of transportation in the city, and several thousand people were transported daily from temporary island to island. According to the
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In
Frankfort where the uncontrollable waters of the Kentucky River had attained an all-time crest of 48.45 feet, nearly one-half of the city was submerged. This included the one hundred and forty year old State Penitentiary from which about 3,000 convicts, guards and officials were evacuated under
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Before and during the flood these men of WPA were active in salvaging property and saving lives, and immediately afterward they handled the cleanup job with such efficiency that many visitors were amazed that there was practically no evidence of the flood left throughout our entire city. All honor
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suffered flooding from the Ohio River in 1883–1884 and again in 1913. Much of the city, except "Crusoes' Island", a downtown orbit that encircled the town square, was underwater. High water had reached 30 miles (48 km) from the river, and the city was flooded in its position among tributary
416:
According the several local historians, the town of
Gallipolis was completely submerged as high as the mound hill cemetery overlook, and many rumors regarding the curse of Lafayette's Gold Treasure buried by slaves on Gallipolis Island began to surface around the town.This flood was very severe.
214:
Around January 18, Huntington, West Virginia radio station WSAZ (1190 AM) began hourly broadcasts of flood related news. On January 22, the station received permission from the Federal Communications Committee to broadcast around the clock. The studios and offices in the downtown
539:, was entirely flooded, with the shallowest locations still lying under 12 feet (3.7 m) of water. Cairo itself was saved only by low water levels on the Mississippi River, which rose only to the highest spots on the levees without surmounting them. The historic city of
60:, 385 people died, one million people were left homeless and property losses reached $ 500 million ($ 10.2 billion when adjusted for inflation as of September 2022). Federal and state resources were strained to aid recovery as the disaster occurred during the depths of the
883:
Tennessee Valley Authority, The Kentucky Project: A Comprehensive Report on the Planning, Design, Construction, and Initial Operations of the Kentucky Project, Technical Report No. 13 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1951), pp. 1–12, 68, 115–116,
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downstream past Cincinnati. Crests were 20 to 28 feet (8.5 m) above flood stage and 4 to 9 feet (2.7 m) above the previous record of 1884. 12 square miles (31 km) of the city's area was flooded, the water supply was cut, and
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Louisville, quickly switched to non-stop news coverage, transmitting commercial-free for weeks. These broadcasts consisted mostly of messages being relayed to rescue crews, as many civil agencies had no other means of communication. The
248:
The scale of the 1937 flood was so unprecedented that civic and industrial groups lobbied national authorities to create a comprehensive plan for flood control. The plan involved creating more than seventy storage reservoirs to reduce
236:
for rescue and relief work in response to the severe flooding. The bridges were too low to allow the vessels to pass under, so the vessels were forced to steam across farmland and bridge approaches, dodging telephone and power lines.
600:
With 18 inches (460 mm) of rainfall in 16 days, along with sheets of swiftly moving ice, the '37 flood was the worst natural disaster in Paducah's history. Because Paducah's earthen levee was ineffective against this flood, the
311:
from Mayfield who succeeded him in office strongly supported the funding of TVA and its role in addressing flood control, soil conservation, family relocation, recreation, production of electricity, and economic development.
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383:
Six to 12 inches (300 mm) of rain fell in Ohio during January 13–25, 1937, totals never before or since equaled over such a large area of Ohio. January 1937 remains as the wettest month ever recorded in Cincinnati.
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aftermath. After the unprecedented damage of the 1937 flood, however, community and business leaders decided that more substantive preventative measures were necessary. Immediately following the flood, the
244:
sent thousands of area WPA workers to the affected cities to aid in rescue and recovery. It also sent supplies for food and temporary housing, and millions of dollars in aid after the floodwaters receded.
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and local churches. Buildings in downtown Paducah bear historic plaques that note the high-water marks, and at least one historic marker indicates the farthest inland extent of flood waters in the city.
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When it became obvious that the river would cut the electric power to radio station WHAS—thus cutting the last radio voice in Louisville—the rival clear channel station in Nashville,
638:, a city in the tri-state area that was built as a link between steamboat and railway commerce, experienced some of the worst flooding, with a crest of 69.45 ft (19 feet above
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211:, picked up WHAS's broadcast via telephone and broadcast emergency flood reports for three days for the lower Ohio River. Other stations across the country did much the same.
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This flood outdoes the second highest water level in the city of Louisville by an astonishing 10 feet, showing how large the flood really was. Several businesses in the
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erected a levee north and east of the city to protect it from future floods. The levee has become the official northern and eastern border of the town.
516:, Harrisburg in October 1925 had a population of 15,000, and in a revised version by January 1937 the population had fallen to 13,000. Afterwards, the
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and gratitude is due to the rank and file of the WPA for their often almost super-human efforts, always giving their best in the interest of humanity.
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Much of the work of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the Tennessee River basin was strongly supported by the majority of the citizens in western
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workers who came to rescue that city's residents. The federal government spent $ 500,000 in aid there, and $ 70,000 in New Albany. The
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The WPA workers led the cleanup of the city. The Evansville Merchants Retail Bureau took out newspaper ads to praise their work:
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662:. Since its completion in 1943, the Huntington floodwall has prevented an estimated $ 238.8 million in flood damage.
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homes. Flood waters were recorded at 65.4 feet (19.9 m). Damage in Shawneetown was so cataclysmic the town
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evacuated many area residents by train from its depot in Jeffersonville. Several small riverside towns, such as
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Kleber, John E., ed (1992). "Tennessee Valley Authority", p.875. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Associate editors:
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The Ohio-Mississippi valley flood disaster of 1937: Report of relief operations of the American Red cross
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was submerged, causing pieces of carousel horses to float away, which were recovered as far downriver as
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pushed for the construction of a floodwall that would protect Huntington and the surrounding areas.
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535:. The majority of county residents were driven from their homes, while the riverside county seat,
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1216:"Convicts Leave Flooded Prison : National Guards Direct Removal of 2000 Men in Reformatory"
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newspapers to provide sketches depicting the miserable conditions of the flooded areas in the
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799:"Bonhams : Thomas Hart Benton (1889–1975) Study for "Spring on the Missouri" 9 x 12in"
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had to be evacuated, as it was completely submerged when the flood crested at 47 feet. In
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until the early 1940s, the new facilities have drastically reduced flood damages since.
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sought to create a continuous minimum 9-foot (2.7 m) channel along the entirety of the
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area, setting a new record. Seventy percent of the city was under water at that time.
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1249:"January marks 80th anniversary of legendary 1937 flood for Frankfort and state"
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They were eventually moved to a temporary prison camp in La Grange where a new
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submerged half the city and caused an emergency when panicked prisoners in the
428:. Ten people died, many fewer than the 467 killed in the floods of March 1913.
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Members of a refugee family left homeless by the flood in Shawneetown, Illinois
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1937 Flood images from University of Louisville Libraries' Digital Collections
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project was authorized on May 23, 1938, and construction began July 1, 1938.
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January 10–18: Numerous flood warnings were issued across much of the region.
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232:, District Engineer, MAJ Bernard Smith dispatched an entire fleet down the
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took place in late January and February 1937. With damage stretching from
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Other areas of West Virginia were devastated by the flood as well. The
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410:
350: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1516:
1937 Flood images from Cincinnati & Hamilton County Public Library
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was commissioned to build the flood wall that now protects the city.
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military supervision directed personally by Governor A. B. Chandler.
658:, the flood wall was approved, and the project was taken on by the
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276:. The Authority also sought to help control flooding on the lower
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After a prolonged fight and a legal battle that made it to the
1487:
The Thousand-Year Flood: The Ohio-Mississippi Disaster of 1937
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was functionally left an island by the rising portions of the
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172:
1438:
Breaux, Gustave A. (April 1937). "1937 Flood at Louisville".
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for the first time in nearly three weeks in several regions.
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January 27: River gauge reached 57 feet (17 m) in the
122:
February 2: River gauge surpassed 60 feet (18 m) in
1184:"White and Negro Prisoners Rioting In State Reformatory"
1453:"The Sociology of Crises: The Louisville Flood of 1937"
1409:
The Great Flood of 1937: Rising Waters, Soaring Spirits
991:
Cincinnati, a Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors
951:
Felix Winternitz & Sacha DeVroomen Bellman (2007).
829:"History of WSAZ/WGNT/WRVC, Huntington, West Virginia"
581:
amusement park (on the Indiana side of the river near
90:
started to overflow its banks due to the heavy rains.
1532:
The Carl Ackerman Collection of Historic Photographs
720:
The Lilly Libraries, Indiana University, Bloomington
101:, where the water level was at 54 feet (16 m).
83:
January 13–24: Near record rainfalls were recorded.
1144:. Northern Illinois University Press. p. 431.
483:, were so devastated that they never recovered.
405:baseball team. Additionally, the amusement park
397:was curtailed. Among the flooded structures was
1285:The Great Flood of 1937 in Louisville, Kentucky
623:
507:and Harrisburg, about 25 miles (40 km) of
86:January 18: Numerous homes were flooded as the
8:
1127:Illinois, a Descriptive and Historical Guide
897:, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter.
1563:1937 natural disasters in the United States
577:area were devastated, especially the famed
64:and a few years after the beginning of the
1278:
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1103:, page 50. United Press, January 29, 1937.
253:flood heights. Not fully completed by the
112:, the highest level in the city's history.
1310:Sprague, Stuart (1980). "Flood of 1937".
642:). First responders, volunteers, and the
366:Learn how and when to remove this message
1534:, Southern Ohio Museum, Portsmouth, Ohio
1051:
1049:
673:, the river reached a crest of 55 feet.
129:February 5: Water levels fell below the
1162:Moyers' Brief History of Pulaski County
1155:
1153:
1151:
809:from the original on September 23, 2015
682:
240:The federal government under President
461:pumping stations to protect the city.
108:levels reached 80 feet (24 m) in
77:January 5: Water levels began to rise.
1129:. US History Publishers. p. 436.
1064:from the original on January 10, 2007
1030:. Coneyislandpark.com. Archived from
839:from the original on January 25, 2021
660:United States Army Corps of Engineers
603:United States Army Corps of Engineers
7:
1526:A personal account of the 1937 flood
1115:, page 4. United Press, May 9, 1938.
901:: The University Press of Kentucky.
861:. Lrn.usace.army.mil. Archived from
348:adding citations to reliable sources
1028:"Coney Island Cincinnati – History"
1008:from the original on April 26, 2024
932:from the original on April 26, 2024
919:Horstmeyer, Steve (December 1995).
1643:Natural disasters in West Virginia
1261:from the original on June 19, 2024
1228:from the original on June 19, 2024
1196:from the original on June 19, 2024
1060:. Evansville Courier & Press.
25:
1638:Natural disasters in Pennsylvania
1553:1930s floods in the United States
1383:from the original on June 8, 2021
1353:from the original on June 8, 2021
1247:Bowman, Brad (January 26, 2017).
1087:. American Red Cross. p. 79.
921:"It's Not the Heat, It's The ..."
691:"Infamous Floods – Flood of 1997"
291:and their representatives in the
324:
40:, during the Great Flood of 1937
1608:History of Louisville, Kentucky
1283:Jillson, Willard Rouse (1937).
769:"Fact Sheet: Ohio River Floods"
746:"Flood of 1937 – Flood of 1997"
614:old Kentucky State Penitentiary
335:needs additional citations for
1312:Frankfort, A Pictorial History
1056:Rich Davis (January 7, 2007).
994:. Best Books on. p. 154.
1:
1628:Natural disasters in Kentucky
1440:Filson Club History Quarterly
954:Insiders' Guide to Cincinnati
1623:Natural disasters in Indiana
1373:"The Ohio River Flood, 1937"
957:. Globe Pequot. p. 35.
546:relocated three miles inland
230:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
138:Aftermath and reconstruction
1598:Floods in the United States
1538:Mt. Vernon, IN – 1937 Flood
1492:University of Chicago Press
773:Western Kentucky University
656:West Virginia Supreme Court
568:of 1937 on the second story
1669:
1316:Donning Company Publishers
619:Kentucky State Reformatory
307:and his brother U.S. Rep.
262:Tennessee Valley Authority
1633:Natural disasters in Ohio
1289:Standard Printing Company
1125:Hitchens, Harold (1947).
636:Huntington, West Virginia
440:An upturned farmhouse in
316:States seriously affected
299:of Paducah and U.S. Rep.
38:Huntington, West Virginia
1451:Kutak, Robert I (1938).
986:Federal Writers' Project
716:"Ohio River Flood, 1937"
167:A handful of powerhouse
46:Ohio River flood of 1937
1058:"When disaster strikes"
644:Army Corps of Engineers
518:Army Corps of Engineers
255:Army Corps of Engineers
197:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1349:. September 27, 2018.
1140:Walton, Clyde (1970).
1083:Davis, Norman (1938).
628:
569:
458:
444:
293:United States Congress
159:
147:
41:
1613:History of Pittsburgh
1603:History of Cincinnati
1593:1937 in West Virginia
1484:Welky, David (2011).
1113:Chicago Daily Tribune
559:
473:Pennsylvania Railroad
453:
442:Posey County, Indiana
439:
242:Franklin D. Roosevelt
228:In January 1937, the
153:
145:
35:
1588:1937 in Pennsylvania
1414:Louisville, Kentucky
1347:Huntington Quarterly
1224:. January 25, 1937.
1192:. January 25, 1937.
1101:The Pittsburgh Press
726:on September 9, 2006
401:, home field of the
344:improve this article
191:The Kansas City Star
188:was commissioned by
171:stations, including
1406:Bell, Rick (2007).
1343:"Floodwall History"
1221:Columbia Missourian
1189:The Courier-Journal
925:Cincinnati Magazine
899:Lexington, Kentucky
649:Chamber of Commerce
514:Sanborn Map Company
467:welcomed the 1,000
224:Government response
217:Keith-Albee Theatre
99:Evansville, Indiana
1618:Floods in Illinois
1171:Pulaski Enterprise
1142:An Illinois reader
859:"Dates In History"
833:jeff560.tripod.com
594:American Red Cross
570:
548:to higher ground.
445:
260:In the 1930s, the
186:Thomas Hart Benton
160:
148:
42:
1648:Ohio River floods
1423:978-1-884532-82-5
1254:The State Journal
1034:on August 6, 2012
509:Illinois Route 13
395:streetcar service
376:
375:
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278:Mississippi River
202:Missouri Bootheel
124:Paducah, Kentucky
16:(Redirected from
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1578:1937 in Kentucky
1568:1937 in Illinois
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1416:: Butler Books.
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722:. Archived from
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562:Milton, Kentucky
495:lowlands of the
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297:Alben W. Barkley
234:Cumberland River
97:was declared in
62:Great Depression
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1573:1937 in Indiana
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1400:Further reading
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667:Wheeling island
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566:high water mark
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505:Gallatin County
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403:Cincinnati Reds
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18:Flood of 1937
1583:1937 in Ohio
1558:1930s floods
1528:, Woodspoint
1486:
1463:(1): 66–72.
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1427:. Retrieved
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867:. Retrieved
863:the original
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777:the original
751:The Enquirer
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730:September 7,
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
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696:The Enquirer
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407:Coney Island
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342:Please help
337:verification
334:
295:. U.S. Sen.
286:
282:Kentucky Dam
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104:January 26:
54:Pennsylvania
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1159:Wall, J.L.
843:January 30,
803:bonhams.com
671:Parkersburg
640:flood stage
583:Charlestown
579:Rose Island
541:Shawneetown
529:Cache River
388:known from
182:Regionalist
131:flood stage
106:River gauge
95:Martial law
1547:Categories
1167:Mound City
1068:January 7,
1038:August 13,
907:0813117720
869:August 13,
813:August 10,
783:August 10,
677:References
575:Louisville
537:Mound City
503:. Between
492:Harrisburg
426:flood wall
422:Portsmouth
390:Gallipolis
356:April 2024
251:Ohio River
117:Louisville
110:Cincinnati
88:Ohio River
50:Pittsburgh
27:1937 flood
1429:August 9,
610:Frankfort
477:Mauckport
274:Knoxville
158:, flooded
66:Dust Bowl
36:Downtown
1381:Archived
1351:Archived
1265:June 19,
1259:Archived
1232:June 19,
1226:Archived
1200:June 19,
1194:Archived
1062:Archived
1006:Archived
988:(1943).
930:Archived
837:Archived
807:Archived
552:Kentucky
501:homeless
487:Illinois
305:Mayfield
289:Kentucky
204:region.
184:painter
1477:2571151
1387:June 8,
1357:June 8,
1324:6709042
1297:3149508
1173:, 1944.
936:May 18,
590:Paducah
564:, with
432:Indiana
411:Paducah
270:Paducah
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1012:May 4,
998:
970:May 8,
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523:Rural
1473:JSTOR
533:Cairo
303:from
268:from
169:radio
56:, to
1496:ISBN
1446:(2).
1431:2015
1418:ISBN
1389:2021
1377:Clio
1359:2021
1320:OCLC
1293:OCLC
1267:2024
1234:2024
1202:2024
1070:2007
1040:2012
1014:2013
996:ISBN
972:2013
959:ISBN
938:2013
903:ISBN
884:509.
871:2012
845:2021
815:2015
785:2015
732:2006
479:and
379:Ohio
194:and
177:WHAS
44:The
1465:doi
588:At
469:WPA
420:In
346:by
272:to
209:WSM
173:WLW
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