501:
419:
343:
88:
471:
389:
63:
527:
355:
44:
385:). The stoloniferous habit is an important distinguishing feature, and the unusual shape of the floating leaves, which are rounded at the tips and tend to taper gradually into the stem, is also helpful. However, floating leaves are not always present, especially in lake populations. Submerged leaves have a characteristic ladder pattern with whitish flecks when seen underwater.
405:
Further east the distribution is much more uncertain and requires verification. Records from
Bulgaria, Italy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Austria, the Transcarpathian region of the Ukraine and Transylvania either
514:
Within Europe, floating water-plantain is listed under
Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive and Appendix I of the Bern Convention. Within Britain it is on Schedule 4 of the Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations 1994; Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981, and on the
441:
Floating water-plantain favours a certain amount of disturbance to survive, as it is a poor competitor. In Llyn Egnant and Llyn Teifi (Wales, UK), which are used as reservoirs for public water supply, floating water-plantain probably benefits from the resulting increase in water level fluctuation,
414:
Floating water-plantain grows predominantly in base-poor lakes, ponds and slow-flowing rivers with low to moderate nutrient levels, although in some cases it appears able to tolerate alkaline systems and / or high nutrient levels. It has proved able to colonise certain man-made freshwater systems,
496:
In the past, floating water-plantain has proved successful at exploiting certain types of artificial habitats, notably the
British canal system and the Dombes traditional fishpond system in France. Both these systems have in common a moderate level of disturbance which helps to suppress competing
518:
Floating water-plantain seems quite tolerant of acidification, as evidenced by its relative abundance in several Welsh lakes that have suffered severe declines in pH due to acid rain, and also seems able to tolerate moderate water level fluctuation as is seen when certain lakes were converted to
401:
The range of floating water-plantain is uncertain. It is widely distributed in western and central Europe, with confirmed records from
Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. It is also present but rare in northern Spain, the Czech
547:".It is said to have "spread eastwards from its core natural habitats in the lakes of Snowdonia and mid Wales in the 19th century, taking advantage of the canal network. In recent decades, however, pollution and recreational boating have led to its disappearance from many lowland waterways".
467:. These populations are small and usually associated with upstream lakes that may act as sources of propagules. Riverine populations in France and Denmark are associated with natural river-floodplain systems where new oxbow lakes are constantly being created by erosion and deposition.
830:
487:
The ecology of floating water-plantain in ponds is not well understood, but generally it seems to require broadly low nutrient, soft water situations with some disturbance, such as lowland heathland pools subject to grazing by livestock.
522:
In the
Netherlands, restoration of floating water-plantain and other threatened freshwater plants has been successfully achieved by removing the organic sediment layer and reducing inputs of calcium-rich surface water.
454:
In
Britain, floating water-plantain is rare in river habitats. River populations in general occur in slow-flowing, low-gradient sections of base-poor rivers along with aquatic plants such as intermediate water-starwort
504:
The
Montgomery Canal in Britain has been widely colonized by floating water-plantain and is now a protected area for it. Regular desilting and cutting is required to restrict competition from more vigorous
1024:
685:
1047:
Wezel, A., Oertli, B., Rosset, V. et al. Biodiversity patterns of nutrient-rich fish ponds and implications for conservation. Limnology 15, 213–223 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-013-0419-7
1025:
Barrat-Segretain, M-H., Bornette G., Hering-Vilas-Boas A. 1998. Comparative abilities of vegetative regeneration among aquatic plants growing in disturbed habitats. Aquatic Botany 60, 201-211.
856:
Greulich, Sabine; Bornette, Gudrun; Amoros, Claude; Roelofs, Jan G.M. (2000). "Investigation on the fundamental niche of a rare species: an experiment on establishment of
Luronium natans".
820:
Rybková R, Pohlová R. 2005. Plants of the Natura 2000 Network in the Czech
Republic. Sagittaria: Association for Nature Conservation of Central Moravia and Prague Botanical Garden, Prague.
434:
Lake populations predominantly occur on silty or peaty substrates, growing at depths up to at least 3.5 m. In deeper water it reproduces vegetatively by stolons or production of
1671:
846:
Roelofs JGM. 1996. Restoration of eutrophied shallow softwater lakes based upon carbon and phosphorus limitation. Netherlands
Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 30, 197-202.
1574:
1331:
961:
in lower Belgium: analysis of population connectivity of an aquatic perennial. INBO.R.2014.5021339. 2014. Brussel, Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek (INBO).
1383:
1641:
974:
Greulich, Sabine; Bornette, Gudrun; Amoros, Claude (2000). "Persistence of a rare aquatic species along gradients of disturbance and sediment richness".
442:
suppressing competition from other aquatic plants and promoting flowering. However, in sites where water level fluctuations are larger in amplitude,
438:
seed. This often results in populations with low genetic diversity. Shallow water populations produce short-lived flowers which may cross-pollinate.
1535:
1279:
1587:
1548:
1344:
1292:
365:
can be a difficult plant to identify. It is both very variable and resembles many other aquatic plants with strap-like leaves such as bur-reeds (
948:(L.) Raf.: current distribution and status in Llyn Padarn and Llyn Cwellyn, Wales. NRW Evidence Report No. 73. Natural Resources Wales, Bangor.
335:
6–15 in an irregular whorl, free, each with 1 ovule; styles apical. Fruitlets achenial, longitudinally many-ribbed, with a short apical beak. 2
218:
175:
902:
Szańkowski, Marcin; Kłosowski, Stanisław (2001). "Habitat conditions of the phytocoenoses dominated by Luronium natans (L.) Rafin in Poland".
1656:
650:
1061:
1676:
1522:
1266:
831:
Anca S, Adrian O, Ion S. 2007. Plants from the Habitat Directive – AnnexIIb, Present in Romania. Buletinul Grădinii Botanice Iaşi 14.
667:
519:
reservoirs. Losses have mainly been associated with nutrient enrichment (eutrophication), such as in the Shropshire-Cheshire meres.
500:
1561:
1318:
446:
is absent. Lake populations of this plant are strongly associated with soft-water conditions and low nutrient concentrations.
544:
1592:
1424:
1349:
1370:
422:
Llyn Dinas, a low nutrient base-poor shallow lake on the edge of Snowdonia National Park supports a strong population of
1651:
627:
590:
1600:
1445:
1388:
87:
1666:
1605:
1450:
392:
Floating water-plantain showing whitish flecks on leaves visible underwater. Llyn Hir, Ceredigion, Wales, UK.
1661:
418:
1209:
1157:
1646:
1553:
1297:
197:
1091:
1240:
1195:
983:
865:
761:
614:
52:
1481:
1035:
1007:
927:
740:"Biology, genetic variation and conservation of Luronium natans (L.) Raf. in Britain and Ireland"
226:
82:
1069:
819:
342:
1579:
1336:
1409:
1227:
999:
919:
881:
1473:
809:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T162134A5547543.Downloaded on 21 June 2017.
784:
1414:
1362:
991:
911:
873:
470:
1107:
1396:
125:
311:, native to western and central Europe, from Spain to Britain to Norway east to Ukraine.
987:
869:
715:
563:
1437:
1432:
1132:
112:
17:
1142:
877:
388:
1635:
1357:
319:
Stems elongated, rising in the water or creeping and rooting at the nodes. Submerged
298:
214:
138:
72:
67:
931:
1486:
1232:
720:. Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Ecology Series No. 9. English Nature, Peterborough.
158:
478:), Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn Special Area of Conservation, Snowdonia, Wales, UK.
1513:
785:
Willby, N.J. and Eaton, J.W. 1993. The Distribution, Ecology and Conservation of
1375:
1305:
1189:
435:
148:
1180:
957:
Cox K, Leyssen A, Mergeay J, Ronse A, Packet J, Denys L. Genetic assessment of
526:
354:
327:
hermaphrodite, long-pedunculate in the axils of the floating or aerial leaves.
1127:
915:
804:
628:"1831 Floating water-plantain Luronium natans - SAC selection species account"
540:
43:
1527:
1271:
1003:
944:
Goldsmith B, Shilland E, Shilland J, Turner S. 2014. Floating water-plantain
923:
885:
1618:
1253:
739:
1137:
323:(if present) basal, linear, floating or aerial leaves elliptical to ovate.
716:
Lansdown RV & Wade PM (2003). Ecology of the Floating Water-plantain,
530:
Terrestrial rosette of Luronium natans at Brown Moss in Shropshire in 2003
1613:
1507:
1463:
1458:
1219:
1174:
1401:
564:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
1540:
1284:
1011:
332:
328:
324:
1310:
1204:
320:
1151:
1062:"Floating water-plantain videos, photos and facts - Luronium natans"
995:
1258:
789:(L.) Raf. in Britain. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 31:70-76
525:
499:
469:
417:
387:
353:
341:
99:
1566:
1323:
1245:
1155:
358:
Characteristic 'ladder' venation pattern of submerged leaves.
1036:
Freshwater Habitats Trust: Dowrog Common Flagship Pond Site
615:
Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. 1840. Autikon Botanikon 63
1046:
515:
IUCN Red List it is classified as 'Least Concern'(LC).
690:, a rare species in the Iberian peninsula. 137, 85-90
1497:
1164:
585:
583:
305:. It is the only recognized species in the genus
591:"Luronium natans [Mestolaccia natante]"
738:Kay, Q.O.N.; John, R.F.; Jones, R.A. (1999).
8:
1672:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1152:
1143:Umwelt Sachsen, Schwimmendes Froschkraut (
1138:Inventaire Nationale du Patrimonie Naturel
842:
840:
838:
711:
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699:
697:
61:
42:
31:
1056:
1054:
969:
967:
780:
778:
776:
774:
497:species that might otherwise exclude it.
897:
895:
681:
679:
672:. Botanical Society of the British Isles
800:
798:
796:
555:
1093:The Flora and Vegetation of Shropshire
663:
661:
733:
731:
729:
727:
668:Lockton, A.J. 2014. Species account:
539:In 2009 it featured on a first class
510:Conservation, threats and restoration
7:
1090:Lockton, Alex; Whild, Sarah (2015).
686:Romero M, Rubinos M, Ramil P. 2004.
1642:IUCN Red List least concern species
1128:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
406:are doubtful or are unconfirmed.
369:), young water-plantain plants (
86:
1606:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:58226-1
1451:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:58435-1
255:(L.) Engelm. in P.F.A.Ascherson
1133:Tela Botanica, Alisma nageante
1:
976:Journal of Vegetation Science
878:10.1016/S0304-3770(99)00073-X
762:"Plant Crib: Luronium natans"
402:Republic, Norway and Sweden.
1657:Monotypic Alismatales genera
1108:"Endangered Species Stamps"
350:showing stoloniferous habit
1693:
1677:Habitats Directive species
654:, National Museum of Wales
461:Potamogeton polygonifolius
377:), lesser water-plantain (
474:Floating water-plantain (
232:
225:
203:
196:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
346:Floating water plantain
916:10.1023/A:1011914607379
303:floating water-plantain
18:Floating Water Plantain
531:
506:
479:
426:
393:
359:
351:
301:commonly known as the
805:Lansdown, R.V. 2011.
595:luirig.altervista.org
543:stamp in the series "
529:
503:
473:
421:
391:
357:
345:
457:Callitriche hamulata
268:Alisma diversifolium
1652:Alismataceae genera
988:2000JVegS..11..415G
870:2000AqBot..66..209G
492:Artificial habitats
465:Littorella uniflora
415:especially canals.
53:Conservation status
532:
507:
480:
427:
394:
383:Limosella aquatica
360:
352:
252:Echinodorus natans
1629:
1628:
1410:Open Tree of Life
1158:Taxon identifiers
632:jncc.defra.gov.uk
545:Endangered Plants
339: = 42.
290:
289:
284:
280:. sparganiifolium
272:
264:
260:Nectalisma natans
256:
248:
240:
178:
76:
16:(Redirected from
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1080:
1078:
1077:
1068:. Archived from
1058:
1049:
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1038:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1015:
971:
962:
955:
949:
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910:(1/3): 213–222.
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91:
90:
70:
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64:
46:
32:
27:Species of plant
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1692:
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1681:
1667:Flora of Europe
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1210:luronium-natans
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996:10.2307/3236634
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959:Luronium natans
956:
952:
946:Luronium natans
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845:
836:
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476:Luronium natans
459:, bog pondweed
452:
432:
424:Luronium natans
412:
399:
381:) and mudwort (
373:), arrowheads (
363:Luronium natans
348:Luronium natans
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982:(3): 415–424.
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858:Aquatic Botany
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1306:iNaturalist
1190:Wikispecies
315:Description
263:(L.) Fourr.
149:Alismatales
126:Angiosperms
1636:Categories
1438:kew-280518
1433:Plant List
1076:2017-01-30
749:: 301-315.
637:2017-01-30
601:2017-01-30
573:2017-01-30
551:References
541:Royal Mail
375:Sagittaria
367:Sparganium
1619:100143427
1514:Q21870132
1004:1100-9233
924:0018-8158
886:0304-3770
444:L. natans
379:Baldellia
183:Species:
96:Kingdom:
1614:Tropicos
1580:10761796
1508:Wikidata
1459:Tropicos
1337:10194673
1217:BioLib:
1181:Q1470418
1175:Wikidata
932:26133228
747:Watsonia
535:Cultural
308:Luronium
227:Synonyms
170:Luronium
155:Family:
139:Monocots
73:IUCN 3.1
36:Luronium
1567:58226-1
1541:2864791
1474:5945553
1324:58435-1
1285:2864775
1246:1003201
1012:3236634
984:Bibcode
866:Bibcode
505:plants.
410:Ecology
333:Carpels
329:Stamens
325:Flowers
165:Genus:
145:Order:
100:Plantae
71: (
1593:182471
1554:414275
1528:185651
1471:uBio:
1464:900321
1415:561067
1363:162134
1350:182470
1311:197010
1298:414274
1272:185649
1205:ARKive
1066:ARKive
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450:Rivers
371:Alisma
321:leaves
271:Gilib.
1575:IRMNG
1523:EUNIS
1422:PFI:
1389:55479
1332:IRMNG
1267:EUNIS
1259:LRMNA
1233:72Q2Z
1220:41883
1008:JSTOR
928:S2CID
765:(PDF)
743:(PDF)
483:Ponds
430:Lakes
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
1601:POWO
1588:ITIS
1562:IPNI
1549:GRIN
1536:GBIF
1446:POWO
1425:6678
1402:2616
1384:NCBI
1358:IUCN
1345:ITIS
1319:IPNI
1293:GRIN
1280:GBIF
1254:EPPO
1000:ISSN
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219:Raf.
176:Raf.
1482:WFO
1371:NBN
1241:EoL
1228:CoL
992:doi
912:doi
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331:6.
283:Fr.
278:var
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