Floppy disk variants - Knowledge (XXG)

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Cylinders 755, Tracks 1510, Rotational speed 720 rpm, Power dissipation 6 watt average, Data reliability <1 error unrecoverable error per 10^11 bits, Seek errors <1 error per 10^6 seeks, Drive dimensions H: 1.625" W: 4.0" D 5.91", SCSI Common Command Set (CSC), soft formatting, error checking and correction (ECC), and defect mapping. In addition, the I325VM (variable mode) offers FULL READ AND WRITE DOWNWARD COMPATIBILITY with current 3.5 inch 720 kB and 1.44 MB formatted diskettes. Brier Technology Flextra BR 3020: CAPACITY unformatted 25.0 meg, formatted 21.4 meg, CONFIGURATION Number of disks 1, Data Surfaces 2, Data heads 2, Servo System T^3, Tracks per surface 516, Track density (TPI) 777, Track capacity (bytes typical) 20480, Blocks per drive (512 byte) 42080, Blocks per surface (512 byte) 21040, Blocks per track (typical 512 byte) 40, MEDIA (flexible diskette) 3.5", PERFORMANCE Actuator, Linear voice coil motor, Seek time (includes setting), Track to track (ms) 15, Average (ms) 35, Maximum (ms) 70, Average latency (ms) 41.6, Rotation speed (RPM) 720, Data transfer rate, To/From the media (megabits/sec) 2.2, To/from the buffer (megabytes/sec) 1.25, Start time 1 sec, Stop time 1 sec, READ/WRITE, Interface SCSI, Recording method BRLL, Recording density (BPI) 26000, COMPATIBILITY, the BR3225 (not BR3020) reads IBM formatted floppy disks, Dimensions, L: 5.75", W: 4.0", H: 1.625" Weight: 1.6 pounds, Power requirements (*), DC Input +12 volts DC, +5 volts DC, Power dissipation <9 watts (operational-seeking), Power management algorithms reduce power to an average of 2.0 watts

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homing signal is embedded at the bottom of the barium ferrite coating after the disk is manufactured. Later, the data are recorded in the top of the layer, using a higher-frequency signal. The Brier system cannot read and write lower-capacity disks, although the company says it will introduce a model that can do that later this year. Insite's Floptical disks, which can store 20.8 megabytes, use homing technology similar to that used in optical disks. Microscopic grooves are stamped into the diskettes at the time the disks are made. A light-emitting diode rides along with the magnetic head and shines light into the groove, which is reflected and received by a photo-detector. If the head starts to sway from the track, the light will miss the groove and the reflection will change, alerting the system to adjust course. While the tracking is optical, the data are recorded magnetically in tracks between the grooves. To achieve compatibility with existing lower-capacity drives, the system uses two magnetic recording heads - one to read the high-capacity diskettes and the other to read conventional diskettes. Brier has designed its system from scratch to achieve higher speeds. Insite uses a conventional floppy drive and homing components that are used in compact disk players.

160: 327:-inch disk, but less wide and thicker (i.e. with increased depth). The actual 3-inch magnetic-coated disk occupies less than 50% of the space inside the casing, the rest being used by the complex protection and sealing mechanisms implemented on the disks, which thus are largely responsible for the thickness, length, and relatively high costs of the disks. On the early Amstrad machines (the CPC line and the PCW 8256), the disks are typically flipped over to change the side (acting like 2 separate single-sided disks, comparable to the "flippy disks" of 461: 391: 1195:

density of the formatted disk structure. While this format was developed by Atari for their DOS 2.0D and their (canceled) 180 KB Atari 815 floppy drive, that double-density DOS was never widely released and the format was generally used by third-party DOS products. Under the Atari DOS II scheme, sector 360 is the VTOC sector map, and sectors 361-367 contain the file listing. The Atari-brand DOS II versions and compatible use three bytes per sector for housekeeping and to link-list to the next sector.

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sector 720 cannot be written to by the DOS. Some companies used a copy-protection scheme where hidden data was put in sector 720 that cannot be copied through the DOS copy option. Another more-common early copy-protected scheme simply does not record important sectors as allocated in the VTOC, so the DOS Utility Package (DUP) does not duplicate them. All of these early techniques were thwarted by the first program that simply duplicated all sectors.

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order to position their heads over the desired track. For good interoperability of disks among drives, this requires precise alignment of the drive heads to a reference standard, somewhat similar to the alignment required to get the best performance out of an audio tape deck. The newer systems generally use position information on the surfaces of the disk to find the tracks, allowing the track width to be greatly reduced.

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alignment marks. The alignment is based on hard-coded optical alignment marks, which meant that a complete format can safely be done. This worked very well at the time and as a result failures associated with magnetic fields wiping the Zip drive alignment Z tracks were less of a problem. It was also able to read and write to standard floppy disks about 5 times as fast as standard floppy drives.

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either format). The loader program detects which type of drive is in use, and loads the main software program straight from disk bypassing the DFS, double-stepping for 80-track drives and single-stepping for 40-track. This effectively achieves downgraded capacity to 100 KB from either disk format, but enabled distributed software to be effectively compatible with either drive.

704: 687:-inch floppy disk, specially modified so that the two sides can be used independently (but not simultaneously) in single-sided drives. Many commercial publishers of computer software (mainly, relatively small programs like arcade games that could fit on a single-sided floppy disk) distributed their products on flippy disks formatted for two different brands of computer, e.g. 1041:" which was originally supposed to hold 150 MB (157.3 decimal megabytes) of data. Although by this time the LS-120 had already garnered some market penetration, industry observers nevertheless confidently predicted the HiFD would be the real standard-floppy-killer and finally replace standard floppies in all machines. 29: 1111:). Tracks 1 to 17 had 21 sectors, 18 to 24 had 19, 25 to 30 had 18, and 31 to 35 had 17, for a disk capacity of 170.75 KB (175 decimal kB). Unique among personal computer architectures, the operating system on the computer itself is unaware of the details of the disk and filesystem; disk operations are handled by 1421:

As a further enhancement, successive tracks are offset by a sector, giving time for the head to advance to the next track without missing the first sector, thus increasing bulk throughput. The Archimedes uses special values in the ADFS load/execute address metadata to store a 12-bit filetype field and a 40-bit timestamp.

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The Brier and Insite systems, which can store 20 megabytes, increase the number of tracks. The key to the Brier and Insite drives is that information is embedded in the tracks themselves and acts as a homing signal, keeping the head on the track. In Brier's Flextra system, a low-frequency magnetic

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For disk operating systems that do use index sync, a second index hole window has to be punched in both sides of the jacket, and for hard-sectored formats, an additional window must be punched for the sector holes. While cutting a second notch is relatively safe, cutting an additional window into the

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laptop computer circa 1989. Although the media exhibited nearly identical performance to the 3½-inch disks of the time, they were not very successful. This was due in part to the scarcity of other devices using this drive making it impractical for software transfer, and high media cost which was much

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The Acorn Archimedes adds D format, which increases the number of objects per directory from 44 to 77 and increases the storage space to 800 KB. The extra space is obtained by using 1024 byte sectors instead of the usual 512 bytes, thus reducing the space needed for inter-sector gaps.

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The combination of DOS and hardware (810, 1050 and XF551 disk drives) for Atari 8-bit floppy usage allows sectors numbered from 1 to 720 (1040 in the 1050 disk drive, 1440 in XF551). For instance, the DOS's 2.0 disk bitmap provides information on sector allocation, counts from 0 to 719. As a result,

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mechanism that can load a stack of floppies one at a time into a drive. These are very bulky systems, and suffer from media hangups and chew-ups more than standard drives, but they were a partial answer to replication and large removable storage needs. The smaller 5¼- and 3½-inch floppies made this

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With RISC OS 3, the Archimedes can also read and write disk formats from other machines (for example the Atari ST and the IBM PC, which are largely compatible depending on the ST's OS version). With third-party software it can even read the BBC Micro's original single-density 5¼-inch DFS disks. The

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After only a short time on the market the product was pulled, as it was discovered there were a number of performance- and reliability problems that made the system essentially unusable. Sony then reengineered the device for a quick rerelease, but then extended the delay well into 1998 instead, and

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Due to the incompatibility between 40- and 80-track drives, much software was distributed on combined 40/80-track disks. These work by writing the same data in pairs of consecutive tracks in 80-track format, and including a small loader program on track 1 (which is in the same physical position in

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has been around for almost as long as the Amiga itself though it was not initially called by that name. Only with the advent of the internet and Amiga emulators has it become a popular way of distributing disk images. The proprietary IPF files were created to allow preservation of commercial games

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computers use an 880 KB format (11×512-byte sectors per track, times 80 tracks, times two sides) on a 3½-inch floppy. Because the entire track is written at once, intersector gaps can be eliminated, saving space. The Amiga floppy controller is much more flexible than the one on the PC: it is

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LS in this case stands for LASER-servo, which uses a very low-power superluminescent LED that generates light with a small focal spot. This allows the drive to align its rotation to precisely the same point each time, allowing far more data to be written due to the absence of conventional magnetic

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ADFS provides hierarchical directory structure, rather than the flat model of DFS. ADFS also stores some metadata about each file, notably a load address, an execution address, owner and public privileges, and a lock bit. Even on the eight-bit machines, load addresses are stored in 32-bit format,

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A true double-density Atari floppy format (from 180 KB upwards) uses 128-byte sectors for sectors 1-3, then 256-byte sectors for the rest. The first three sectors typically contain boot code as used by the onboard ROM OS; it is up to the resulting boot program (such as SpartaDOS) to recognize the

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The main technological change for the higher-capacity formats was the addition of tracking information on the disk surface to allow the read/write heads to be positioned more accurately. Normal disks have no such information, so the drives use feedforward (blind) positioning by a stepper motor in

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with many based on the standard 3½-inch physical format while offering much higher capacity. Most of these systems provide the ability to read and write standard DD and HD disks. None of these ever reached the point where it could be assumed that every current PC would have one, and they have now

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INSITE I325/I325VM: CAPACITY unformatted 25 megs, formatted 20.8 megs, Recording density 23980 BPI (RLL), Transfer from DISK 1.6 Mbit/Sec, Buffer transfer rate 2 Mbyte/Sec, Average Seek time 65 msec, Settle time 15 msec, Motor start time 750 msec, # of read/write heads 2, Track density 1250 TPI,

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to position the heads over marks in the disk surface. The original drive stores 21 MB, while also reading and writing standard DD and HD floppies. In order to improve data transfer speeds and make the high-capacity drive usefully quick as well, the drives are attached to the system using a

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A number of companies, including IBM and Burroughs, experimented with using large numbers of unenclosed disks to create massive amounts of storage. The Burroughs system uses a stack of 256 12-inch disks, spinning at a high speed. The disk to be accessed is selected by using air jets to part the

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drive. The Amiga HD disks can handle 1760 KB, but using special software programs they can hold even more data. A company named Kolff Computer Supplies also made an external HD floppy drive (KCS Dual HD Drive) available which can handle HD format diskettes on all Amiga computer systems.

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for "half". This program was driven by aggressive cost goals, but missed the pulse of the industry. The prospective users, both inside and outside IBM, preferred standardization to what by release time were small cost reductions, and were unwilling to retool packaging, interface chips and

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was a single-sided quad-density drive with a nominal storage capacity of 500 KB (80 tracks, 140 tpi, 16 sectors, 300 rpm, 250 kbit/s, 9,250 bpi with MFM). It could work with standard controllers for 5¼-inch floppy disks. Since August 1984, it was used in the

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that do not use the index hole in the disk to mark the beginnings of tracks, the "flippy" modification required only a new write-enable notch to be cut if the disk was designed to be written to. For this purpose, specially designed single-rectangular-hole punchers, commonly known as

1226: 911:. Although neither size (the original or the later Pocket Zip drive) conforms to the 3½-inch form factor and hence is not compatible with standard 1.44 MB drives, the original physical size still became the most popular of the "super floppies". The first version boasted 1198:

Later, mostly third-party DOS systems added features such as double-sided drives, subdirectories, and drive types such as 720 KB, 1.2 MB, 1.44 MB. Well-known 3rd party Atari DOS products include SmartDOS (distributed with the Rana disk drive), TopDos, MyDos and SpartaDOS.

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uses a disk format that is largely identical to the Commodore DOS format with a few minor extensions; while generally compatible with standard Commodore disks, certain disk maintenance operations can corrupt the filesystem without proper supervision from the GEOS kernel.

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disks from several vendors. Equipped with one of these drives, the C128 is able to access both C64 and CP/M disks, as it needs to, as well as MS-DOS disks (using third-party software), which was a crucial feature for some office work. At least one commercial program,

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led to much larger file sizes. Zip disks greatly eased the exchange of files that were too big to fit on a standard 3.5-inch floppy or an email attachment, when there was no high-speed connection to transfer the file to the recipient. Eventually the falling prices of

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introduced this 3-inch-wide Compact Floppy format in 1983 to compete with Sony's 3.5-inch floppy system. The Compact Floppy, which held about 140KB per side, saw the most use in British Amstrad computers; otherwise, the format faded quickly into history's back

1223: 1372:. Acorn however, used standard disk controllers: initially FM, though they quickly transitioned to MFM. The original disk implementation for the BBC Micro stores 100 KB (40 track) or 200 KB (80 track) per side on 5¼-inch disks in a custom format using the 738: 888:

It uses 3½-inch standard disk jackets whose disks have low-frequency magnetic servo information embedded on them for use with the Twin-Tier Tracking technology. Media were manufactured by Verbatim. Quantum sold the drives under the QuadFlextra name.

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chips used are unable to format disks with sector skew, losing some performance. ADFS and the PC controllers also support extra-high density (ED) disks as G format, storing 3,200 KB, but ED drives were never fitted to production machines.

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Later DOS versions (3.0 and later 2.5) and DOSes by third parties (i.e. OSS) accept (and format) disks with up to 1040 sectors, resulting in 130 KB of storage capacity per disk side on drives equipped with double-density controllers

1277:, an Amiga can theoretically read any arbitrary format on the 3½-inch floppy, including those recorded at a slightly different rotation rate. On the PC, however, there is no way to read an Amiga disk without special hardware, such as an 1224: 406:"CoronaPrint" word-processor typewriters used a proprietary double-sided 3-inch diskette format named "DataDisk". Confusingly, it was labelled 2.8-inch reflecting the diameter of the magnetic disk itself rather than the media's case. 77:

applications for a proprietary design. The product was announced and withdrawn in 1983 with only a few units shipped. IBM wrote off several hundred million dollars of development and manufacturing facility. IBM obtained patent number

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drive, and provides 144 MB of storage while also being compatible with the standard 1.44 MB floppies. The drive was slower than its competitors but the media was cheaper, running about US$ 8 at introduction and US$ 5 soon after.

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In 1990, an attempt was made to standardize details for a 20MB 3½-inch format floppy. At the time, "three different technologies that are not interchangeable" existed. One major goal was that the to-be-developed standard drive be

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In the early 1980s, IBM Rochester developed a 4-inch floppy disk drive, the Model 341 and an associated diskette, the DemiDiskette. At about half the size of the original 8-inch floppy disk the name derived from the prefix

931:) was developed with 40 MB. Though Zip drives gained in popularity for several years they never reached the same market penetration as standard floppy drives, since only some new computers were sold with the drives. 881:

As early as 1987, Brier Technology announced the Flextra BR3020, which boasts 21.4 MB (a value used for marketing: its true size is 21,040 kB, 2 sides × 526 cylinders × 40 sectors × 512 bytes or 25 MB unformatted).

151:-based workstations by General Scientific Corporation. Originally, Educational Microcomputer Systems (EMS) announced a system using this drive as well, but later changed plans to use 3½-inch diskette drives instead. 366:

marketed several 3-inch diskette "Quick Disk" formats for OEM use. They used 2.8-inch magnetic discs. The OEM could decide on the outer case of the media which led to several mechanically incompatible solutions:

247: 341:-inch media) as opposed to being contiguously double-sided. Double-sided mechanisms were introduced on the later PCW 8512 and PCW 9512, thus removing the need to remove, flip, and then reinsert the disk. 1045:

increased the capacity to "200 MB" (approximately 210 decimal megabytes) while they were at it. By this point the market was already saturated by the Zip disk, so it never gained much market share.

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Insite licensed their technology to a number of companies, who introduced compatible devices as well as even larger-capacity formats. The most popular of these, by far, was the LS-120, mentioned below.

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offerings of the same period and there were also many reported problems moving standard floppies between LS-120 drives and normal floppy drives. This belief, true or otherwise, crippled adoption. The

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Around 1990, it announced the BR3225 drive, which was supposed to double the capacity and also read standard DD, HD and ED 3½-inch disks. However, the drive was still not released in 1992.

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format that preceded them, many proprietary floppy disk formats were developed, either using a different disk design or special layout and encoding methods for the data held on the disk.

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A number of floppy-disk manufacturers produced ready-made "flippy" media. As the cost of media went down and double-sided drives became the standard, "flippies" became obsolete.

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which provides almost all the features required to implement an ADFS-compatible filesystem. Because of this modular design, it is easy in RISC OS 3 to add support for so-called

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stack, and then a pair of heads flies over the surface as in some hard disk drives. This approach in some ways anticipated the Bernoulli disk technology implemented in the

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2 introduces E format, which retains the same physical layout as D format, but supports file fragmentation and auto-compaction. Post-1991 machines including the A5000 and

3248: 1191:. not the Atari 810) vs. previous 90 KB. That unusual 130 KB format and was introduced by Atari with the 1050 drive with the introduction of DOS 3.0 in 1983. 2589: 527:

Another 2-inch format, the LT-1, is digitally formatted—720 kB, 245 TPI, 80 tracks/side, double-sided, double-density. They are used exclusively in the

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connector instead of the normal floppy controller. This meant that most PCs were unable to boot from them. This again adversely affected pickup rates.

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is a data storage and transfer medium that was ubiquitous from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s. Besides the 3½-inch and 5¼-inch formats used in

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The 3-inch "Compact Floppy Disk" or "CF-2" was an intended rival to Sony's 3.5" floppy system introduced by a consortium of manufacturers led by

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Because of storage reasons, the use of emulators and preserving data, many disks were packed into disk images. Currently popular formats are

591: 248: 200:, and some computers made in East Germany were also equipped with one. The floppies are single sided and can hold up to 149 KB of data when 3253: 2582: 2323: 1387:(ADFS). It uses double-density recording and adds the ability to treat both sides of the disk as a single disk. This offers three formats: 2073: 1854: 1333: 520: 2424: 1240:

which uses a custom disk format, resulting in some unusual sounds. The Amiga's empty drive clicking can also be heard at the beginning.

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bytes per side (512 byte sectors, 8 sectors/track, 16 tracks (00..15), 48 tpi, 250 kbit/s, 270 rpm with

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was a manufacturer of 3-inch disk drives, and stated in advertisements, "It's clear that the 3" floppy will become the new standard."

106:, a 3¼-inch diskette drive marketed by Tabor Corporation of Westland, Massachusetts, USA between 1983 and 1985 with media supplied by 1004:

onto a normal 1,440 kB disk. Unfortunately, popular opinion held the Super Disks to be quite unreliable, though no more so than the

2493: 2464: 2160: 657: 2297: 2124: 638: 1707: 1887: 1644: 1549: 760: 610: 1957: 2575: 2226: 1451:. These are used to implement completely transparent support for IBM PC format floppy disks, including the slightly different 1000:") to 240 MB (240.75 MB). Not only can the drive read and write 1,440 kB disks, but the last versions of the drives can write 3487: 3320: 1970: 1292:) when a high-density floppy was inserted, enabling the existing floppy controller to be used. This drive was built into the 1278: 978: 595: 258: 2534: 2347: 1443:

The Acorn filesystem design is interesting to some people because all ADFS-based storage devices connect to a module called

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From a conceptual point of view, superfloppies are treated as unpartitioned media. The entire media forms a single volume.

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A number of attempts were made by various companies to introduce newer floppy-disk formats, frequently characterized as a

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Much later, another 2-inch (case size: 54.5 mm × 50.2 mm × 2.0 mm) miniature disk format was

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One of these, officially referred to as a Video Floppy (or VF for short) can be used to store video information for

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computers, but negotiations fell through. Versions of the floppy drive was released in minimal quantity for the

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bypass Commodore's DOS completely, and replace it with fast-loading (for the time) programs in the 1541 drive.

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to support high-density floppies, but sold a custom drive (made by Chinon) that spins at half speed (150

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LS-120 drives were available as options on many computers, including desktop and notebook computers from

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Commodore started its tradition of special disk formats with the 5¼-inch disk drives accompanying its

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Seither, Mike (October 1987). "Brier Technology fields a first: a 20M-byte, 3½-inch flexible disk".

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Eventually Commodore gave in to disk format standardization, and made its last 5¼-inch drives, the

1116: 430: 379: 357: 631: 3501: 3296: 1497: 1373: 1325: 1258: 1107: 1009: 935: 486: 2060: 1207: 547:), introduced in 1999. The disks could store 40 MB. The external drives were available as 501:. VF is not a digital data format; each track on the disk stores one video field in the analog 3061: 2925: 2823: 2735: 2552: 2489: 2460: 2156: 2069: 2027: 1847: 1593: 1444: 1285: 1262: 939: 671: 415: 91: 41: 1579: 1217:, controls floppy access on all revisions of the Commodore Amiga as one of its many functions 184:, BRG), in 1973. In 1982, such a product, the 3-inch MCD-1 was announced internationally and 3375: 3310: 2896: 2787: 2688: 2652: 2598: 2430: 1369: 1152: 528: 502: 516:

standard. This yields a capacity of 25 images per disk in frame mode and 50 in field mode.

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released a package that implements an image filing system to allow access to high density

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Amiga's disks cannot be read by this system as they omitted the usual sector gap markers.

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add support for high-density disks with F format, storing 1,600 KB. However, the PC

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Kristina B. Sullivan (1990-10-15). "Researchers Press for 20M-Byte Floppy Standards".

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Commercial nonwriteable Flippy disk with no write notches and two jacket index windows

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For their Electron floppy-disk add-on, Acorn chose 3½-inch disks and developed the

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At least two incompatible floppy disks measuring two inches appeared in the 1980s.

473: 465: 403: 395: 197: 185: 3264: 1954:"10 Bizarre PC Storage Formats That Didn't Quite Cut It: 4: 3-Inch Compact Floppy" 805:. Nevertheless, the 5¼- and 3½-inch sizes remain to this day as the standards for 2353: 2150: 1699: 3430: 3198: 3166: 3069: 3029: 2992: 2960: 2802: 2670: 2622: 1636: 1407: 784:

or air failures were spectacularly messy. The program did not reach production.

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of many motherboards even to this day supports LS-120 drives as a boot option.

3521: 3505: 3497: 3213: 2930: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2529: 1522: 1477: 1414: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1231: 781: 703: 519: 144: 79: 2509:: a detailed essay describing one of the first commercial floppy disk drives. 2501: 382:

used proprietary 3-inch diskettes called "Disk Cards" between 1986 and 1990.

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Inside Commodore DOS. The Complete Guide to the 1541 Disk Operating System

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Sony introduced its own floptical-like system in 1997 as the "150 MB

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The ADFS format was later adopted into the BBC line upon release of the

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The Insite Floptical is considered to be the first actual super floppy.

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Inventing Europe - European Digital Museum for Science & Technology

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1983 Disk/Trend Report - Flexible Disk Drives, December 1983 p. MFGR-7

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can be done in software, and developers were able to create their own

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introduced a 2.5-inch floppy disk format for use with their family of

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computers, and (after Amstrad took over manufacture of the line) the

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Commodore also developed a 3½-inch 800 KB disk format for its

3418: 3413: 1527: 1245: 1220: 1206: 1159: 928: 736: 702: 544: 518: 459: 419: 389: 348: 284:. It was also adopted by some other manufacturers/systems such as 243: 235: 215: 158: 107: 95: 90: 60: 27: 3563: 3171: 3065: 2328: 1456: 1143: 1101:

drives used with the later two machines. The standard Commodore

1013: 863: 509: 490: 285: 132: 3268: 2704: 2571: 1776:"Patent: Casket type storing system for rotating flexible disk" 3381: 3151: 2975: 858: 567: 552: 513: 398:

labelled 2.8-inch for the diameter of the magnetic disc itself

147:

processors. It was also offered in limited quantity with some

1848:"Model MCD-1 - Micro Cassette Disk Drive - Technical manual" 19:"Superfloppy" redirects here. For the MSD floppy drive, see 1261:

disk formats. Because of this, foreign formats such as the

111: 951:, along with notorious hardware failures (the so-called " 1249:

free of arbitrary format restrictions, encoding such as

204:

formatted. The drives were compatible with contemporary

167:

A magnetic disk in a hard plastic shell was invented by

2530:

Computer Hope: Information about computer floppy drives

1880:"Jánosi Marcell: MCD-1 floppy drive és disk, 1974-1981" 833:: that it be able to read 720 KB and 1.44 MB floppies. 441:

with a total capacity of 2×64 KB (128 KB) at

1622:"Historic "Tabor" Floppy Disc Drive | #219855797" 2324:"Scaling the memory pyramid: Floppy - But Very Large" 2105:. No. 70. COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. p. 18 2011: 2009: 2007: 2537:(mention of ANSI X3.162 and X3.171 floppy standards) 2062:

Sharp Service Manual Model CE-140F Pocket Disk Drive

2055: 2053: 2051: 1853:. Budapesti Rádiótechnikai Gyár (BRG). 3B50-703/-A. 1072:

Custom formatting types on 3½-inch and 5¼-inch media

296:. Despite this, the format was not a major success. 3551: 3530: 3475: 3459: 3390: 3348: 3303: 3236: 3180: 3139: 3130: 3008: 2944: 2887: 2816: 2751: 2742: 2479:, Hewlett Packard, 1982-09-01, Part No. 09121-90000 1119:processor on the disk drive. Many programs such as 670:A flippy disk (sometimes known as a "flippy") is a 598:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2541:Floppy disk drives and media technical information 2455:Englisch, Lothar; Szczepanowski, Norbert (1984) , 2252:. Cahners Publishing Company. pp. 23, 26, 30. 700:Generally, there are two levels of modifications: 1345:, which is something that ADF and DMS cannot do. 697:published an article on the topic in March 1981. 532:more than 3½-inch and 5¼-inch disks of the time. 299:Three-inch diskettes bear much similarity to the 232:lines and in some systems by other manufacturers. 83:on the media and the drive for the DemiDiskette. 1924:"Pictures [of various CF2 floppy disks]" 813:, the former used for optical drives (including 759:IBM developed, and several companies copied, an 2368:6848 cylinders × 36 blocks/cylinder × 512 bytes 1752:. Informatika Történeti Kiállítás. 2016-08-30. 1550:"PC World announces the end of the floppy disk" 1394:M (medium): 320 KB, 80-track single-sided; 188:showed interest in using the technology in his 179: 1397:L (large): 640 KB, 80-track double-sided. 1391:S (small): 160 KB, 40-track single-sided; 1357:used non-standard disk formats in their 8-bit 493:Mavica (not to be confused with later Digital 253:An Amstrad CPC loading a game from floppy disk 102:Another unsuccessful diskette variant was the 3280: 3249:History of computing hardware (1960s–present) 2716: 2583: 1670:"Tabor TC500 Drivette! Woohoo! | 68kMLA" 1115:instead, which was implemented with an extra 985:, had an initial capacity of 120 MB (120.375 955:"), reduced the popularity of the Zip drive. 497:models) and the Ion and Xapshot cameras from 8: 2484:Immers, Richard; Neufeld, Gerald G. (1984). 2352:(manual page), Linux command, archived from 1269:, which was included with later versions of 1155:software was available to perform the task. 850:In 1991, Insite Peripherals introduced the " 212:3-inch "Compact Floppy Disk" / "CF-2" format 2180: 2178: 1948: 1946: 1944: 747:jacket is a great peril to the disk itself. 32:A Maxell-branded 3-inch Compact Floppy Disk 3287: 3273: 3265: 3136: 2748: 2723: 2709: 2701: 2590: 2576: 2568: 2525:HowStuffWorks: How Floppy Disk Drives Work 2488:. Data most & Reston (Prentice-Hall). 2265:"The Evolution of the Floppy Disk for PCs" 1993:(advertisement). January 1984. p. 327 1956:. PC Magazine. 2017-06-21. Archived from 1349:Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, and Archimedes 658:Learn how and when to remove this message 2399:Jonguin, Vincent; Joguin, Sonia (2004). 1790:"BRG MCD-1, Hungarian floppy disk drive" 65:IBM DemiDiskette media and Model 341 FDD 1987:"The winning move. Hitachi's 3" floppy" 1540: 1265:'s can be handled with ease (by use of 977:drive, often seen with the brand names 2476:9121D/S Disc Memory Operator's Manual 2459:, Grand Rapids, MI: Abacus Software, 2426:KCS Dual HD Drive for Amiga computers 1969:A consortium of manufacturers led by 1823:ITF, NJSZT Informatikatörténeti Fórum 1774:Jánosi, Jánosi Marcell (1974-11-30). 1700:"The floppy is a 3.25" Flex Diskette" 1608:"Tabor bringt Drivette auf den Markt" 764:a much easier technology to perfect. 7: 3595:Rotating disc computer storage media 3254:List of pioneers in computer science 1063:drive surfaced early in 1998 as the 691:on one side and Apple on the other. 596:adding citations to reliable sources 508:format in either the North American 2520:Programming Floppy Disk Controllers 1819:"BRG MCD-1 kazettás hajlékonylemez" 1334:Interchangeable Preservation Format 2457:The Anatomy of the 1541 Disk Drive 1912:. Disk/Trend Inc. p. MFGR-23. 1304:was only fitted with the standard 124:Microfloppy Disk Drive TC 500 14: 1530:(1.2 MB format on 3.5-inch media) 1166:disk drive, which uses only MFM. 523:2-inch LT-1 floppy disk from Fuji 3339: 2429:, Amiga hardware, archived from 1548:Fletcher, Richard (2007-01-30). 1093:home computers, the same as the 572: 425:. Two drives were produced: the 224:. This format was used by their 2548:at the Museum of Obsolete Media 2300:from the original on 2017-06-19 2079:from the original on 2017-03-11 2037:from the original on 2017-03-23 1908:Porter, James (December 1985). 1860:from the original on 2016-03-01 1829:from the original on 2019-08-01 1800:from the original on 2019-08-13 1756:from the original on 2023-02-07 1710:from the original on 2020-11-09 1647:from the original on 2020-11-09 1273:). With the correct filesystem 583:needs additional citations for 433:(chassis: FDU-250). Both took 292:, and Timex of Portugal in the 98:3¼" Flex Diskettes (P/N 802950) 3321:Common Language Infrastructure 2263:Pollack, Andrew (1990-03-14). 2192:. The Computer Language Co Inc 2149:Joshi, Rajmohan (April 2006). 1886:(in Hungarian). Archived from 1279:Individual Computers Catweasel 268:The format was widely used by 240:An Amstrad 3-inch floppy drive 163:MCD-1 drive and disk cassettes 52:Non-standard media and devices 1: 3244:History of computing hardware 2097:Bateman, Selby (March 1986). 1825:(in Hungarian). 2018-10-17 . 1750:"MCD-1 cassette floppy drive" 1503:Floppy disk hardware emulator 1402:since those machines support 1284:Commodore never upgraded the 1211:The pictured chip, codenamed 1136:Modified Frequency Modulation 181:Budapesti Rádiótechnikai Gyár 155:3-inch "MCD-1 Micro Cassette" 3610:Floppy disk computer storage 3112:Network interface controller 2562:, pp. 139–156, Dec 1983 2099:"The Future of Mass Storage" 2024:Sharp PC-1600 Service Manual 1732:"Tabor Adds 3½-inch Drive". 1637:"Why does this drive exist?" 294:FDD and FDD-3000 disk drives 139:portable computer with both 16:Types of floppy disk formats 2909:Refreshable braille display 2851:Refreshable braille display 1518:List of floppy disk formats 1385:Advanced Disk Filing System 1021:Compaq Computer Corporation 114:. The diskettes were named 3626: 3451:Holographic Versatile Disc 2155:. Isha Books. p. 79. 2123:Sieg, M. G. (March 1981). 1513:History of the floppy disk 1365:, and their successor the 1052: 1030: 962: 947:optical media and, later, 896: 843: 707:A write-notch puncher for 471: 410:Sharp 2.5-inch floppy disk 18: 3572: 3356:Advanced Intelligent Tape 3337: 2606: 2500:Weyhrich, Steven (2005), 2227:"Windows 10 hardware dev" 2152:Introduction To Computers 2026:. Yamatokoriyama, Japan: 1049:Caleb Technology’s UHD144 996:It was upgraded (as the " 915:; later versions boasted 797:largely been replaced by 2322:Ryan, Bob (March 1992). 2294:""Floptical" drive info" 2225:Hudek, Ted (June 2017). 969:Announced in 1995, the " 220:A 3-inch floppy disk by 3018:Central processing unit 2553:"War of the Microdisks" 2233:. Windows and GPT FAQ. 1552:. London: The Telegraph 1237:Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 282:Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3 120:Tabor 3¼" Flex Diskette 116:Dysan 3¼" Flex Diskette 3575:List of Ecma standards 3304:Application interfaces 2336:(3): 161–169, 166–167. 1493:Floppy disk controller 1488:Don't Copy That Floppy 1241: 1218: 923:of storage, until the 817:), and the latter for 742: 728:Disk Operating Systems 722: 607:"Floppy disk variants" 551:Type II and with 524: 469: 399: 360: 254: 241: 233: 180: 164: 99: 66: 33: 3531:Radio link interfaces 3476:Programming languages 3441:Ultra Density Optical 2271:. Business Technology 1698:@Foone (2020-10-13). 1635:@Foone (2018-04-30). 1508:Group coded recording 1300:, although the later 1229: 1210: 1171:GEOS operating system 1138:(MFM), to enable the 1103:Group Coded Recording 740: 706: 522: 489:such as the original 463: 394:3-inch diskette from 393: 386:Smith Corona DataDisk 352: 252: 239: 219: 162: 94: 80:U.S. patent 4,482,929 64: 31: 3446:Universal Media Disc 2125:"Flipping Your Disk" 1910:Flexible Disk Drives 1449:image filing systems 1353:The British company 592:improve this article 358:Famicom Disk Systems 129:Seequa Chameleon 325 3605:American inventions 3391:File systems (disk) 3349:File systems (tape) 2546:Floppy Disk Formats 2401:"Disk2FDI Homepage" 2388:(encyclopedia term) 927:(formerly known as 831:backward compatible 768:Floppy mass storage 487:still video cameras 456:2-inch floppy disks 380:Famicom Disk System 371:Famicom Disk System 353:3-inch diskette of 345:Quick Disk variants 3297:Ecma International 2269:The New York Times 2250:Mini-Micro Systems 2231:docs.microsoft.com 2190:PCMag Encyclopedia 1498:Floppy disk format 1374:Disc Filing System 1242: 1219: 1162:machines with the 1134:, compatible with 1108:zone bit recording 1010:SyQuest Technology 973:" marketed as the 936:desktop publishing 743: 723: 559:Extended use cases 543:(originally named 525: 470: 400: 361: 255: 242: 234: 206:floppy controllers 165: 100: 67: 34: 3582: 3581: 3262: 3261: 3232: 3231: 3162:Analog audio jack 2883: 2882: 2698: 2697: 2072:. 00ZCE140F/SME. 2070:Sharp Corporation 2028:Sharp Corporation 1594:"Popular Science" 1457:Computer Concepts 1286:Original Chip Set 1263:IBM PC compatible 1227: 940:computer graphics 854:", which uses an 668: 667: 660: 642: 250: 42:IBM PC compatible 3617: 3577:(1961 – present) 3376:Linear Tape-Open 3343: 3311:ANSI escape code 3289: 3282: 3275: 3266: 3137: 2788:Optical trackpad 2753:Pointing devices 2749: 2725: 2718: 2711: 2702: 2599:Magnetic storage 2592: 2585: 2578: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2508: 2506:Apple II History 2480: 2469: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2378: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2364: 2358: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2207: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2169: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2067: 2057: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2021: 2017:"Model CE-1600F" 2013: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1966: 1965: 1950: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1926:. Archived from 1920: 1914: 1913: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1852: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1676:. Archived from 1666: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1545: 1370:Acorn Archimedes 1331: 1323: 1315: 1228: 1178:Atari 8-bit line 1077:Commodore 64/128 981:(Panasonic) and 819:hard disk drives 720: 719: 715: 712: 686: 685: 681: 678: 663: 656: 652: 649: 643: 641: 600: 576: 568: 529:Zenith MinisPORT 447: 446: 437:diskettes named 423:pocket computers 340: 339: 335: 332: 326: 325: 321: 318: 312: 311: 307: 304: 251: 183: 177: 82: 57:IBM DemiDiskette 44:systems, or the 3625: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3600:Legacy hardware 3585: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3568: 3547: 3526: 3471: 3455: 3386: 3344: 3335: 3326:Office Open XML 3299: 3293: 3263: 3258: 3228: 3176: 3126: 3004: 2998:USB flash drive 2947: 2940: 2879: 2812: 2766:Game controller 2761:Graphics tablet 2738: 2729: 2699: 2694: 2602: 2596: 2560:Popular Science 2555: 2551: 2516: 2499: 2473: 2467: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2445: 2436: 2434: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2274: 2272: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2049: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2005: 1996: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1963: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1931: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1893: 1891: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1801: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1738:. October 1984. 1731: 1730: 1726: 1713: 1711: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1683: 1681: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1650: 1648: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1596:. October 1986. 1592: 1591: 1587: 1580:"Computerworld" 1578: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1469: 1355:Acorn Computers 1351: 1343:copy protection 1329: 1321: 1318:Amiga Disk File 1313: 1221: 1205: 1180: 1149:Big Blue Reader 1079: 1074: 1057: 1051: 1035: 1029: 967: 961: 907:introduced the 901: 895: 879: 848: 842: 790: 770: 757: 717: 713: 710: 708: 683: 679: 676: 674: 664: 653: 647: 644: 601: 599: 589: 577: 566: 561: 506:composite video 480: 458: 444: 442: 412: 388: 373: 347: 337: 333: 330: 328: 323: 319: 316: 314: 309: 305: 302: 300: 290:Tatung Einstein 244: 214: 171: 157: 89: 78: 59: 54: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3623: 3621: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3406: 3403:CD File System 3400: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3277: 3269: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3122:Expansion card 3119: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3059: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3023:Microprocessor 3014: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2963: 2958: 2952: 2950: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2893: 2891: 2889:Output devices 2885: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2793:Pointing stick 2790: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2549: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2514:External links 2512: 2511: 2510: 2497: 2482: 2471: 2465: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2416: 2391: 2373: 2339: 2314: 2296:. 1990-01-17. 2285: 2255: 2240: 2217: 2202: 2186:"super floppy" 2174: 2161: 2141: 2115: 2089: 2047: 2003: 1978: 1940: 1915: 1900: 1871: 1839: 1810: 1781: 1766: 1741: 1724: 1690: 1661: 1627: 1613: 1599: 1585: 1571: 1562: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1465: 1463:format disks. 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1363:Acorn Electron 1350: 1347: 1204: 1201: 1179: 1176: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1053:Main article: 1050: 1047: 1031:Main article: 1028: 1025: 963:Main article: 960: 957: 953:click of death 897:Main article: 894: 891: 878: 875: 844:Main article: 841: 838: 811:computer cases 794:"super floppy" 789: 786: 769: 766: 756: 753: 749: 748: 744: 666: 665: 580: 578: 571: 565: 562: 560: 557: 457: 454: 450:GCR (4/5) 427:Sharp CE-1600F 411: 408: 387: 384: 372: 369: 346: 343: 213: 210: 169:Marcell Jánosi 156: 153: 118:(P/N 802950), 88: 87:Tabor Drivette 85: 58: 55: 53: 50: 21:MSD Super Disk 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3622: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517:Minimal BASIC 3515: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 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