26:
243:
424:
50:
326:. On the return trip in 1506, she once again ran into difficulties in the Mozambique Channel. Springing leaks, she was forced to dock once again in Mozambique island for lengthy repairs. This time, she would stay stuck in the channel for some ten months. Nova attempted to take her out repeatedly, but the heavy-laden ship kept running into problems, forcing him to return to the island, repair and try again.
860:"Nothing was saved except the crown and sword of gold and the ruby ring sent by the king of Siam to king D. Manuel. Among the losses, Afonso de Albuquerque grieved most of all a bracelet he had found in Naodabegea, which he found admirable and intended to show to the king, and some four (or six) bronze lions from the Malacca sultan that he intended for his own grave". See
454:. However, her service as a cargo ship left a lot to be desired. Dangerously unseaworthy when fully loaded, she only completed one full India run, and not without difficulties. Nonetheless, much was learned from the ship's experience. Although several larger ships—600t, 900t, 1500t—would be occasionally built, the average India nau would hover around 400–450t. As such,
494:
came out of
Malacca in late 1511 and sailed along the north-east Sumatran state of Pasé, in the Strait of Malacca, she was caught in a storm and wrecked on some shoals, causing numerous casualties. The ship did not survive the storm and sank during the night of 20 November 1511, off Timia Point in
462:
of what would become the typical 16th-century India nau. The ship's experience also led to the institutionalisation of the "outer route", i.e. captains of heavy-laden large ships were ordered to avoid returning via the fast
Mozambique Channel, but rather sail a longer but calmer course east of
606:. The artillery it carries must be less because Portuguese ships are usually lightly armed for their size, and naval tactics of using broadside full of heavy cannons have yet to develop. Portuguese tactics of the 16th prioritized boarding and attack in close range, with the firing of artillery.
589:, which is not contemporary and written around (and after) the 17th century. It's possible that in overload conditions Flor de la Mar could carry so many people, but the usual capacity would be lesser than this.
399:
back to
Portugal himself, taking special care to repair her into shape. But his successor, Afonso de Albuquerque, forbade it and retained the ship in India, giving Almeida another ship to take home instead.
730:
Maka kata
Feringgi itu, "Kami sakalian ini hendak menyerang Melaka di-titahkan oleh Sultan Portugal dengan empat puloh buah ghali, dan pada sa-buah ghali itu orang-nya lima ratus dan lima puloh meriam-nya.
1962:
1643:
284:. However, her return trip in 1503 met some complications—once loaded with spices, her large size and weight made her hard to manoeuver, particularly in the fast currents of the
732:(So said the Portuguese, "We all want to attack Melaka, ordered by the Sultan of Portugal with forty galleys, and in each galley there were five hundred men and fifty cannons.)
498:
Afonso de
Albuquerque was saved in the most difficult conditions, using an improvised raft, but the cargo was irretrievably lost. Also lost were more than 400 men on board.
341:. Cunha ordered his crews to help repair the ship back to seaworthy shape, unload the ship's spice cargo onto another Portugal-bound transport (under the command of
999:
1636:
311:
874:
836:
505:
Attempts to locate and salvage the shipwreck have been the cause of controversy. Portugal, Indonesia, and
Malaysia all claim salvage rights. A replica of
1322:
214:
was returning from the conquest of
Malacca, bringing with him a large treasure trove for the Portuguese king, when the ship was lost off the coast of
899:
630:
1629:
273:
1579:
2212:
959:
707:
2232:
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1032:
359:. In the aftermath, to Nova's surprise, Cunha ordered her to remain in the western Arabian Sea, integrated into the patrol squadron of
329:
The ship and her frustrated captain were still stuck in
Mozambique when they were found in February 1507—almost exactly one year after
1135:
745:
2242:
1523:
992:
940:
926:
814:
1967:
551:
269:. At 400 tons, she was the largest carrack yet built, nearly twice the size of the largest ships that had gone on previous runs.
2222:
2092:
1332:
770:
753:
749:
593:
is noted to exaggerate; the number of
Portuguese invading Malacca would be about 20,000 men while in reality, it is about 1,000.
1981:
1914:
1282:
1130:
741:
334:
277:
1292:
1247:
1207:
1062:
971:
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1400:
1155:
483:. Given her large capacity, Afonso de Albuquerque decided to use the ship to transport the vast treasure looted from the
2120:
1652:
1456:
1405:
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1120:
985:
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2127:
1564:
1327:
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s longevity was remarkable. At a time when India ships were built for only three or four years of useful service,
432:
223:
1988:
1908:
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1610:
1379:
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1099:
556:
1955:
1895:
1574:
1554:
1302:
1267:
1181:
1042:
638:
546:
408:
395:. João da Nova died that same year in Cochin, and Almeida (ending his term as vice-roy) planned to bring
342:
25:
2237:
1995:
1799:
1710:
1595:
1415:
1363:
1307:
1252:
360:
211:
1974:
1851:
242:
1901:
1811:
1605:
1569:
1451:
1384:
1277:
1242:
388:
363:. Nova and the ship participated in the Albuquerque-led conquest of the cities of Curiati (Kuryat),
315:
2016:
1837:
1786:
1342:
1287:
1262:
1037:
338:
54:
921:
Sérgio Luís de
Carvalho, A flor de la mar: 1510 - 1515 com Albuquerque na Índia, Texto Ed., 1993,
2148:
2085:
2037:
1752:
1559:
1538:
1492:
1471:
1047:
677:
285:
1317:
423:
265:
was built in Lisbon in 1502, being one of the finest vessels of the time. She was built for the
825:
Mohd. Sherman Sauffi, Assistant Curator at Sarawak Museum, "Flor de la Mar: The Lost Ship 1511"
2141:
2099:
1921:
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297:
196:
2106:
1513:
1337:
1237:
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669:
323:
154:
660:
Manguin, Pierre-Yves (September 1980). "The Southeast Asian Ship: An Historical Approach".
1934:
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307:
49:
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1948:
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and her captain into his own India-bound armada. She was never to return to Portugal.
293:
289:
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2167:
2057:
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1758:
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1410:
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1027:
561:
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served to support the conquest of Malacca, then the largest commercial center of the
392:
281:
2002:
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1805:
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1705:
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2009:
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368:
1730:
1700:
1683:
1052:
673:
528:
464:
2134:
2049:
1716:
459:
206:) of 400 tons, which over nine years participated in decisive events in the
952:
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India
862:
The commentaries of the great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India
2113:
916:
Dieter Dellinger, Texto publicado na REVISTA DE MARINHA em Abril de 1989
384:
231:
681:
2184:
1621:
514:
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319:
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went out again on another India run in March 1505 under the command of
227:
215:
203:
112:
34:
977:
1832:
1741:
300:
for nearly two months. She finally arrived in Portugal in late 1503.
296:
reports her springing leaks and being forced to stop for repairs on
917:
864:, Volume 1. Afonso de Albuquerque, Walter de Gray Birch, p. 199-200
422:
380:
376:
372:
241:
950:. Lisbon: Na Regia Officina Typografica. Available in English as
355:
and her captain João da Nova participated in Cunha's conquest of
1625:
981:
901:
The $ 2.6 Billion Treasure Still Lost at The Bottom of the Sea
525:
371:, (accepting also the submission of the cities of Kalhat and
803:
Pires, Tomé, Armando Cortesão, Francisco Rodrigues (1990),
195:
in Portuguese chronicles of the 16th century) was a
2177:
2159:
2048:
1776:
1740:
1659:
1588:
1547:
1501:
1485:
1439:
1393:
1372:
1351:
1195:
1169:
1113:
1087:
1071:
1015:
933:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580
931:Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius (1977).
792:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580
790:Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius (1977).
935:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
629:Perbadanan Muzium Melaka (18 September 2020).
1637:
993:
210:until her sinking in November 1511. Nobleman
138:36 m (118.1 ft) (Malaysian replica)
8:
585:The capacity represented here is taken from
450:was one of the longest-lasting ships of the
146:8 m (26.2 ft) (Malaysian replica)
1644:
1630:
1622:
1000:
986:
978:
948:Commentarios do grande Afonso Dalboquerque
806:The Suma oriental of Tome Pires, 1512-1515
1323:Royal Malaysian Customs Department Museum
624:
622:
693:
691:
37:in the 16th century "Roteiro de Malaca".
904:, The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2017-01-07
618:
578:
502:still lies undiscovered in the seabed.
383:, she was commandeered to serve as the
1580:Lau King Howe Hospital Memorial Museum
403:Under Afonso de Albuquerque's orders,
20:
524:plays a significant role in the 2022
475:Despite already being deemed unsafe,
379:in the same year. Two years later in
75:Lisbon shipyards, Kingdom of Portugal
47:
7:
1421:Penang State Museum and Art Gallery
1033:Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum
662:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
631:"Muzium Samudera (Flor de la Mar)"
274:maiden trip from Portugal to India
99:Lost in storm, 20th November, 1511
14:
1524:Sabah Islamic Civilisation Museum
1333:Straits Chinese Jewellery Museum
954:. Laurier Books Ltd. /AES 2000.
722:Nugroho (2011). p. 290, quoting
48:
24:
1283:Malacca Sultanate Palace Museum
314:fleet of 22 ships, carrying D.
1293:Malay and Islamic World Museum
1248:History and Ethnography Museum
1063:Tanjung Balau Fishermen Museum
974:Malacca's Sea Maritime Museum.
698:Nugroho, Irawan Djoko (2011).
276:in 1502, under the command of
16:Portuguese flagship until 1511
1:
1401:Penang Indian Heritage Museum
1156:Royal Malaysian Police Museum
946:Albuquerque, Braz de (1774).
809:, Laurier Books Ltd. p. 146.
495:the Kingdom of Aru, Sumatra.
345:) and then annexed the empty
2213:Maritime history of Portugal
1406:Batik Painting Museum Penang
1298:Malaysia Architecture Museum
1233:Democratic Government Museum
487:'s palace back to Portugal.
189:(Flower of the Sea, spelled
1328:Royal Malaysian Navy Museum
1213:Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum
700:Majapahit Peradaban Maritim
552:São João Baptista (galleon)
333:left India—by the outgoing
2259:
2233:1511 in Portuguese Malacca
1477:Sitiawan Settlement Museum
702:. Suluh Nuswantara Bakti.
635:Muzium & Galeri Melaka
1431:Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang
1273:Malacca Literature Museum
1126:Maybank Numismatic Museum
765:João de Barros (1552–59)
674:10.1017/S002246340000446X
520:The lost treasure of the
103:
42:
23:
2243:Museum ships in Malaysia
1534:Sandakan Heritage Museum
1519:Pogunon Community Museum
1509:Keningau Heritage Museum
1223:Cheng Ho Cultural Museum
1095:Istana Batu Royal Museum
534:Legend of the Sea Devils
2223:Naval ships of Portugal
1611:Sultan Alam Shah Museum
1380:Sultan Abu Bakar Museum
1258:Malacca Al-Quran Museum
1146:National Textile Museum
1136:National History Museum
1100:Kelantan Islamic Museum
557:Peter von Danzig (ship)
411:in 1510 as well as the
104:General characteristics
1575:Textile Museum Sarawak
1555:Chinese History Museum
1303:Malaysia Prison Museum
1268:Malacca Islamic Museum
1182:Labuan Maritime Museum
1043:Kota Johor Lama Museum
972:Virtual Museum Malacca
879:www.oceantreasures.org
841:www.oceantreasures.org
547:Santa Anna (1522 ship)
458:can be considered the
440:
254:
250:Malacca City, Malaysia
1990:Sovereign of the Seas
1800:Chinese treasure ship
1711:Roman ship of Marausa
1667:Caligula's Giant Ship
1596:Malay Heritage Museum
1416:Penang Islamic Museum
1364:Lukut Fort and Museum
1308:Malaysia Youth Museum
426:
361:Afonso de Albuquerque
337:under the command of
245:
212:Afonso de Albuquerque
1653:Largest wooden ships
1606:Petaling Jaya Museum
1570:Sarawak State Museum
1452:Darul Ridzuan Museum
1278:Malacca Stamp Museum
1131:National Art Gallery
898:McNearney, Allison.
389:Francisco de Almeida
316:Francisco de Almeida
312:7th Portuguese India
267:Portuguese India run
2032:William D. Lawrence
1742:Medieval and modern
1288:Malacca UMNO Museum
1263:Malacca Bee Gallery
1208:Agricultural Museum
1121:Islamic Arts Museum
1009:Museums in Malaysia
427:Another replica of
413:conquest of Malacca
343:António de Saldanha
2228:16th-century ships
2218:History of Malacca
2208:Museums in Malacca
1963:Santisima Trinidad
1672:Hatshepsut's barge
1560:Kuching Cat Museum
1539:Tun Sakaran Museum
1493:Kota Kayang Museum
1472:Perak Royal Museum
1048:Kota Tinggi Museum
602:Also referring to
441:
286:Mozambique Channel
255:
248:Flor de la Mar in
2193:
2192:
1969:São João Baptista
1922:Peter Pomegranate
1778:Wind-powered only
1744:oar-powered ships
1619:
1618:
1601:Orang Asli Museum
1462:Palong Tin Museum
1457:Geological Museum
1426:Penang Toy Museum
1243:Governor's Museum
1203:Aborigines Museum
960:978-81-206-1514-4
725:Hikayat Hang Tuah
709:978-602-9346-00-8
604:Hikayat Hang Tuah
591:Hikayat Hang Tuah
587:Hikayat Hang Tuah
485:Sultan of Malacca
310:, as part of the
298:Mozambique Island
288:(notably, around
246:A replica of the
222:is housed in the
176:
175:
2250:
1929:Peter von Danzig
1794:Baron of Renfrew
1787:Adler von Lübeck
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1565:Petroleum Museum
1514:Mat Sator Museum
1338:Submarine Museum
1238:Education Museum
1058:Pineapple Museum
1002:
995:
988:
979:
905:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
871:
865:
858:
852:
851:
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835:Kainic, Pascal.
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739:
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651:
650:
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646:
637:. Archived from
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339:Tristão da Cunha
335:8th India armada
324:Portuguese India
57:
52:
28:
21:
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2018:Victoria (1859)
1772:
1743:
1736:
1724:Tessarakonteres
1655:
1650:
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1615:
1584:
1543:
1497:
1481:
1435:
1389:
1368:
1352:Negeri Sembilan
1347:
1318:People's Museum
1313:Maritime Museum
1191:
1165:
1141:National Museum
1109:
1105:Kelantan Museum
1083:
1067:
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767:Décadas da Ásia
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641:on 28 July 2020
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511:Maritime Museum
473:
433:Maritime Museum
421:
409:conquest of Goa
292:). Eyewitness
278:Estevão da Gama
260:
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224:Maritime Museum
218:. A replica of
172:50 guns (total)
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38:
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11:
5:
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1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
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1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Chimney Museum
1173:
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1167:
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1164:
1163:
1161:Telekom Museum
1158:
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567:O Bravo (jong)
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500:Flor de la Mar
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407:supported the
367:in July 1507,
290:Cape Correntes
280:, a cousin of
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192:Frol de la Mar
186:Flor de la Mar
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875:"Flor do Mar"
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837:"Flor do Mar"
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282:Vasco da Gama
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272:She took her
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2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1983:Soleil Royal
1982:
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1827:Ganj-i-Sawai
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1806:Cinco Chagas
1804:
1793:
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1767:Galère Réale
1766:
1759:
1751:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1696:Marsala Ship
1690:Leontophoros
1688:
1677:
1529:Sabah Museum
1467:Perak Museum
1151:Royal Museum
1114:Kuala Lumpur
1079:Paddy Museum
1023:Bugis Museum
951:
947:
932:
911:Bibliography
900:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:
869:
861:
856:
844:. Retrieved
840:
830:
821:
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799:
791:
786:
777:
766:
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729:
723:
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699:
665:
661:
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643:. Retrieved
639:the original
634:
603:
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581:
532:
521:
519:
506:
504:
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497:
491:
489:
476:
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455:
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444:Flor do Mar'
443:
442:
428:
404:
402:
396:
391:in the 1509
352:
351:
346:
330:
328:
308:João da Nova
303:
302:
271:
262:
261:
247:
219:
208:Indian Ocean
199:
191:
190:
185:
184:
179:
178:
177:
127:Tons burthen
119:Displacement
65:
30:
18:
2129:La Bretagne
2073:Continental
2066:Australasia
1997:Susquehanna
1915:Océan class
1853:Great Harry
1760:Galera Real
1753:Cakra Dunia
1385:Time Tunnel
1253:Kite Museum
1038:Kite Museum
742:Albuquerque
728:XXIV: 429.
507:Flor do Mar
492:Flor do Mar
481:East Indies
477:Flor do Mar
456:Flor do Mar
448:Flor do Mar
429:Flor do Mar
405:Flor do Mar
397:Flor do Mar
369:Khor Fakkan
353:Flor do Mar
347:Flor do Mar
331:Flor do Mar
304:Flor do Mar
294:Thomé Lopes
263:Flor do Mar
220:Flor do Mar
180:Flor do Mar
155:Full-rigged
31:Flor do Mar
2202:Categories
2080:Dunderberg
2059:Appomattox
1976:Shenandoah
1957:Santa Anna
1846:Grace Dieu
1731:Thalamegos
1701:Nemi ships
1684:Khufu ship
1343:Toy Museum
1053:KTM Museum
884:12 October
846:5 November
769:, vol. 3,
645:12 October
614:References
529:Doctor Who
465:Madagascar
197:Portuguese
164:500 person
161:Complement
80:In service
2136:L.R. Doty
2004:Tenacious
1896:Mahmudiye
1873:Javanese
1839:Götheborg
1717:Syracusia
471:Shipwreck
460:prototype
452:India run
415:in 1511.
151:Sail plan
2160:Immobile
1936:Pretoria
1813:Columbus
1589:Selangor
1088:Kelantan
682:20070359
541:See also
531:episode
419:Capacity
385:flagship
232:Malaysia
169:Armament
130:400 tons
55:Portugal
2185:Belyana
2150:Orlando
2122:Jylland
2039:Wyoming
2025:Victory
1950:Roanoke
1548:Sarawak
1196:Malacca
794:, p.260
771:p.17-18
750:Correia
515:Malacca
437:Malacca
357:Socotra
320:viceroy
238:History
228:Malacca
216:Sumatra
204:carrack
122:Unknown
113:Carrack
72:Builder
43:History
35:galleon
2143:Mersey
2087:Eureka
1943:Rahīmī
1910:Orient
1882:Kronan
1833:Ghurab
1486:Perlis
1394:Penang
1373:Pahang
1170:Labuan
958:
939:
925:
813:
746:Barros
706:
680:
439:(2006)
387:of D.
375:) and
365:Muscat
258:Career
252:(2009)
135:Length
2178:Other
2115:Iosco
1502:Sabah
1440:Perak
1072:Kedah
1016:Johor
754:Couto
678:JSTOR
573:Notes
490:When
381:India
377:Ormuz
373:Sohar
2011:Vasa
1903:Mars
1875:jong
1678:Isis
956:ISBN
937:ISBN
923:ISBN
886:2020
848:2016
811:ISBN
704:ISBN
647:2020
143:Beam
96:Fate
91:1511
83:1502
62:Name
748:,
670:doi
526:BBC
513:of
435:of
322:of
226:in
200:nau
183:or
2204::
877:.
839:.
752:,
744:,
690:^
676:.
666:11
664:.
633:.
621:^
537:.
517:.
467:.
431:,
234:.
230:,
1917:)
1913:(
1645:e
1638:t
1631:v
1001:e
994:t
987:v
943:.
888:.
850:.
756:.
712:.
684:.
672::
649:.
202:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
