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468:. The poor health that had beleaguered her throughout her childhood and prevented her from much formal education meant that she could only enroll as a special student. This prevented her from the advanced study of liberal arts, but also allowed her to take courses in which she was personally interested rather than following a prescribed course of study. At the time of her enrollment, Smith lacked a science course, and so most of her class work was in writing, literature, geology, ethics, comparative religions, philosophy, music, and art. By the end of her college tenure, however, she had concentrated in science and wrote a senior thesis on
741:, was more technical than her previous books. Covering 212 birds, each entry began with the species' Latin name, physical characteristics, and geographical distribution. In addition to whole-bird drawings, there are also illustrations of specific body parts such as beaks, wings, and feet. Birdsong is written phonetically rather than as musical notation. Merriam also takes an increased ecological focus, describing both the birds' diets and how those diets affect agriculture. She also provides advice for how to construct structures that would protect birds from cats and hunters that would kill them.
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752:, asking for help in identifying specimens that he had collected. In 1887, C. Hart, who had been appointed the head of the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, appointed Bailey as a field agent for the U.S. Biological Survey at a wage of $ 40 per month. Merriam's husband's employment allowed her to incorporate the data, charts, and illustrations that the Biological Survey had conducted into her future works.
406:, with ample opportunities to explore local wildlife. Merriam would take walks around the estate with her father and older brother, developing her knowledge of the region's species. Her primary interest was in birds, whose habits, songs, and species she learned to identify by watching them from her dining room window. When she was nine years old, Merriam accompanied her father and her older brother,
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659:, and a few other women achieved the rank of "elective member". Merriam was good friends with Miller, who had encouraged her writing early in her career and who had taught her techniques to remain unnoticed by the birds she was observing. In 1893, Merriam joined Miller in Utah, and she wrote about her experiences the following year in a book titled
383:, which she shared with her husband and children by allowing them to look at constellations and eclipses through a telescope. Merriam once referred to her paternal aunt, Helen Bagg, as "our family botanist". Her father, meanwhile, developed an interest in nature when, in 1870, he traveled to California on the
437:, where Merriam was sent for medical treatment due to general ill health. She lived with her physician's family for a year and attended the local public school there. After that experience, Merriam attended school in New York City, where her family spent the winters, and at Mrs. Piatt's private school in
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Vernon Bailey retired from the U.S. Biological Survey in 1933 after 46 years of service, believing that it was time for a younger man to take over the position. After her husband's retirement, Merriam resigned from the
Committee on Bird Protection and the couple attempted to retire in Twin Oaks. This
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agreed to print and distribute the work. Originally, the
Biological Survey requested that both Cooke and Merriam be listed as authors, which Merriam resisted. Ultimately, her revisions to even Cooke's original work were seen as a significant enough contribution that she was listed as the sole author,
526:
When
Merriam left Smith in June 1886, the Audubon Society had become popular, while her classmates continued to communicate through class letters with major life updates. As a special student, Merriam did not earn a degree after her four years of college, but the institution eventually presented her
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for the protection of wild birds. One month after
Grinnell made this call, Merriam and Hardy, who by this point had stopped wearing feathered hats, created one of the first local chapters of the Audubon Society at Smith College. About 75 students and faculty members attended the first meeting of the
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to come to campus and take the students on a nature walk. Shortly after
Burrough's May 1886 visit, one-third of the student population at Smith had denounced the use of fashionable bird feathers and had joined the local Audubon Society. Burroughs, meanwhile, returned to campus every year to lead a
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Merriam was of the belief that rather than outright telling her classmates to stop wearing feathered hats, it was more effective to take them on nature walks, which would cause them to form an attachment to local wildlife and stop the practice of their own accord. As part of this process, she
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settings, which would encourage them to continue environmental study. Outside of the public school classroom, Merriam began teaching birding courses at the
National Zoo in 1903. Her first class attracted only 15 students, but by 1913, over a dozen teachers were instructing over 100 students.
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when she could not attend Smith
College. Part of Merriam's mission was to educate children on wildlife preservation and observation. She hoped that the introduction of nature study into elementary and secondary classrooms would help children to learn about bird study and protection in school
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When they were not traveling, the
Baileys resided in Washington, D.C., spending their final years at a house on 1834 Kalorama Road. Visitors recalled their home as ornately decorated with memorabilia gathered on their travels. The centerpiece of their home was a portrait of the
722:, and worked with Miller on the American Ornithologists' Union's Committee on the Protection of North American Birds. In 1898, Merriam received her first invitation to join her brother on a field expedition, serving as an assistant for a group that studied the natural life in
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and
Merriam's other work deviated from the ornithological studies of her contemporaries: rather than examining the bodies of trapped or killed birds in indoor settings, Merriam believed in observing wildlife outdoors in their natural environments, frequently through a pair of
951:, but they also used the observations of amateurs who observed birds on their property and in their neighborhoods. Her works were designed to invest the public in appreciating wildlife, and in turn birdwatching became a popular hobby. Science writer
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appeared in 1887, and when she was not writing, Merriam joined her mother's volunteer work at social action clubs for working women and girls. In 1891, she spent one month in
Chicago at a summer school for working girls founded as a branch of
907:, in 1939, when Merriam was 76 years old. She also received a number of honors, beginning in 1929, when the American Ornithologists' Union elected Merriam their first female Fellow. Two years later, she became the first woman to receive the
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about the aims of the club, which encouraged field study by asking students to observe "how the birds look, what they have to say, how they spend their time, what sort of houses they build, and what are their family secrets".
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Despite her publication, Merriam and the other female members of the American Ornithologists' Union were relegated to a "visibly subordinate level" compared to the male members. This did not change until 1901, when Merriam,
748:, her brother's friend and a fellow member of the U.S. Biological Survey. C. Hart Merriam had become acquainted with Bailey when the latter was an adolescent in Minnesota. Bailey had written to Merriam, the author of
686:. Merriam remained in California through August 1894, wanting to spend the summer months observing the bird life. During the spring months, she stayed at her uncle's ranch in the Twin Oaks Valley, writing what became
596:, at the homestead of her uncle Gustavus, in the hopes of improving the health of Merriam and her mother. In addition to easing her illness, the months-long stay in Southern California gave Merriam an interest in the
491:, was aghast to find that her friend wore bird feathers in her hat. As more of their classmates took up the practice, Merriam began advocating both on and off campus for the protection of birds and alterations to the
223:. Between 1890 and 1939, she published a series of field guides on North American bird life. These guides were often written with amateur birdwatchers in mind, leading to the popularity of the birding movement.
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ranged from half a page to five or six pages long and contained physical descriptions of the birds' appearance, song, nests, and habits, often accompanied by illustrations or musical notation. Author
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763:. They continued to travel together over the next 30 years, with Merriam writing as her husband conducted field studies for the Biological Survey. The most ambitious of these works was her 1902
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to educate their classmates on ornithology and dissuade them from wearing hats with feathers. By the time Merriam left Smith in 1886, one-third of the student body was involved in the Society.
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has always been one of my favorite birds". Additionally, one of Merriam's apprentices, Pat Jenks, discovered an unmapped volcanic formation in Mexico while surveying lands that were sacred to
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After leaving Smith in 1886, Merriam, still unmarried, was caught between her desires to advance her nature writing and to contribute to the world socially. Her first articles on bird lore in
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When she was not travelling, Merriam lived in Washington, D.C., on the third floor of her brother's house with his wife and children. She returned there in full after a final trip to the
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was completed in 1919, many publishers were reluctant to take on the costs of producing an 800-page work with maps and illustrations, and the work was not released until 1928, when the
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As a child, Merriam was primarily educated at home, which she described as based in the scientific and natural interests of her family members. Her first formal education took place in
293:'s death. Originally, she and Cooke were listed as co-authors, but Merriam successfully petitioned the Survey to name her the sole author due to the magnitude of her contributions.
259:. Unlike other ornithological works, which studied trapped birds in indoor settings, Merriam's writing encouraged the natural, outdoor study of live birds. Her later works, such as
410:, on their camping trip to Florida. C. Hart, as he was known in his adult life, was also interested in the natural sciences, spending his adolescence studying birds and performing
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had been in the midst of writing a survey on bird life in New Mexico before his unexpected death in 1916, and Nelson wanted Merriam to complete his work. While the manuscript for
791:. Many of these focused on the prairie wildlife in North Dakota, where her husband spent the summers from 1909 to 1916. Her notes from this region were turned into 17 papers for
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organization, and by March 17, 1886, the Smith College Audubon Society had adopted a constitution, officers, and a field committee. That year, Merriam published an article in
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was short-lived, as Florence was unhappy in their desert home, and they soon returned to Washington. Vernon and Florence took their final trip together in 1941, traveling to
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profiles and 20 additional birds, also including appendices to help observers classify birds and additional reference materials for those who wished to continue their study.
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industry. In 1886, Merriam published a series of newspaper articles in New York, New Hampshire, and Washington, D.C., arguing for an end to bird feather hat decorations.
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in 1882, where she was enrolled as a special student. She was later awarded a degree at age 58, due to her subsequent activism and writing. While there, she and
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991:. He named the formation Bailey Crater in honor of Merriam, but as the site did not lie within United States borders, the name was never officially registered.
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describes both Merriam's observations of the birds in California as well as her relationship with Canello, the white horse that she rode on her expeditions.
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had ceased publication, and Merriam decided to collect the fifty common birds whose profiles she had written for the magazine and collect them into a book.
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By September 1885, as she entered her final year at Smith, Merriam had an obsession with birds that began at the encouragement of family friend
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in 1921, when she was 58 years old. Merriam's movement to protect birds from the millinery industry progressed after she left Smith: the
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became popular guides for birders. Her works often incorporated the studies of both professional ornithologists like Frank M. Chapman,
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Many members of the Merriam family took an interest in the natural sciences. While at Rutgers, Caroline had developed an interest in
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Handbook of Birds of the Western United States, Including the Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Slope, and Lower Rio Grande Valley
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Mrs. Bailey's Chickadee as well as its scientific name. Merriam thanked Grinnell for the recognition, writing to him in a letter, "
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on the animals he trapped on the family property. Their father's time in Congress gave them connections to the naturalist scene in
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927:. Vernon Bailey died in June 1942, after which Florence lived quietly. On September 22, 1948, at the age of 85, Merriam died of
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with Cooke credited in the introduction. Two years later, Vernon Bailey published a companion piece to his wife's work, titled
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referred to Merriam as "one of the most literary ornithologists of her time", while Robert Welker classified her with Miller,
911:, awarded biennially to the writer of the most important ornithological work on birds of the Western Hemisphere. In 1933, the
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before settling in Locust Grove, shortly before his daughter was born. Between 1871 and 1875, Clinton Merriam served as the
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With little formal education as a child, Merriam developed an interest in the natural sciences from her explorations of the
667:, Merriam also included descriptions of nature and calls to end the killing of birds for sport. Her view of the members of
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that she encountered was regarded as complimentary for the time, although her brother had heavily edited the manuscript.
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Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800â1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research
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775:. The field notes that Merriam took in her travels were turned into over 50 articles appearing in periodicals such as
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584:, which led the family to take vacations in regions with climates that were thought to ease illness, such as the
879:, but she loved children and worked with them through various regional and national associations, including the
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487:, nominated her as the first female associate of the Union. The following January, Merriam, who had befriended
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344:, the youngest of four children born to Clinton Levi and Caroline (nÊe Hart) Merriam. Her father had been a
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860:. Their Washington home was the subject of many dinner parties for naturalists, including Alice Eastwood,
802:. Vernon contributed the sections on mammal life, while Florence wrote about the birds. Around this time,
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308:. After her husband's death in 1942, Merriam mostly retreated from public life until her death at age 85.
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Wild Animals of Glacier National Park: The Mammals by Vernon Bailey, The Birds by Florence Merriam Bailey
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Many of Merriam's works were designed not for scientists but for amateur birdwatchers, and works such as
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in cooperation with the State Game Protective Association and the Bureau of Biological Survey. 1928.
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The Baileys never had children together: Merriam had married late, and her pregnancies had ended in
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Merriam and her husband lived in Washington, D.C., where she taught birdwatching classes at the
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573:, teaching a class on birds. The following summer, she worked in New York City at one of
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In 1917, the government asked the Baileys to create a visitor guide for the wildlife of
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At the insistence of her older brothers, Merriam enrolled in 1882 at the newly-founded
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She continued to write heavily, and her articles during this period were reprinted as
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seemed poised to be Merriam's magnum opus, she continued writing into the 1930s. The
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Birds of Washington and vicinity, including adjacent parts of Maryland and Virginia
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as the four most important female authors of bird books in the nineteenth century.
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The Baileys first traveled together in April 1900, when they took a carriage from
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2519:"Overlooked No More: Florence Merriam Bailey, Who Defined Modern Bird-Watching"
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787:. Between 1902 and 1919, a work by Merriam appeared in almost every volume of
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to American birds". While scientific ornithology was a male-dominated field,
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In 1890, Merriam turned a series of bird profiles that she had published in
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806:, chief of the U.S. Biological Survey, approached Merriam with a request.
592:, New York City, and Florida. In 1889, Merriam and her family traveled to
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Both Merriam and her mother suffered from poor health, possibly caused by
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395:, and he engaged in a lengthy written correspondence with the naturalist
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289:, which she completed at the request of the U.S. Biological Survey after
275:. Between 1902 and 1919, she wrote over 50 articles for periodicals like
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678:, which had been founded and was presided over by her brother's friend
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had become more popular among women, as it allowed for amateur study.
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Rider's California: A Guide-book for Travelers with 28 maps and plans
211:(August 8, 1863 – September 22, 1948) was an American
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from the mountains of Southern California, is named after Merriam.
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The Florence Merriam Bailey Photograph Collection and Finding Aid
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Rider, Fremont, ed. (1925). "The Fauna and Flora of California".
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The Merriam family estate, named Homewood, was situated near the
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First modern field guide for birdwatchers, regional ornithology,
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No Woman Tenderfoot: Florence Merriam Bailey, Pioneer Naturalist
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No Woman Tenderfoot: Florence Merriam Bailey, Pioneer Naturalist
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prohibited the trade of illegally acquired wildlife, while the
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After leaving Utah, Merriam spent six months in California at
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2462:
Notable American Women 1607â1950: A Biographical Dictionary
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Bailey, Florence Augusta (Merriam); Bailey, Vernon (1918).
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Women in the Field: America's Pioneering Women Naturalists
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300:. She was both the first woman elected as a Fellow of the
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in her Washington home. She was buried in Locust Grove.
479:. C. Hart, who at that time had become the chief of the
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and the daughter of Levi Hart, a county court judge and
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Florence Augusta Merriam was born on August 8, 1863, in
2378:. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
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A Passion for Birds: American Ornithology after Audubon
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Publication information derived from Harriet Kofalk's
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made the protection of migratory birds a federal law.
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Birds of Village and Field: A Bird Book for Beginners
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1217:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1939.
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706:Washington, D.C., and partnership with her husband
600:and the avian life found there. During this time,
2494:Of a Feather: A Brief History of American Birding
502:wrote an editorial proposing the formation of an
453:Bailey and several other individuals gathered at
368:. Caroline Merriam, meanwhile, was a graduate of
2351:American Women Conservationists: Twelve Profiles
669:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2324:Creese, Mary R. S.; Creese, Thomas M. (1998).
1177:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
1120:. New York, NY: Forest and Stream Publishing.
977:identified the species in 1908, giving it the
765:Handbook of Birds of the Western United States
523:bird walk, even after Merriam had left Smith.
2467:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
1251:Maynard, Lucy Warner (1898). "Introduction".
905:Among the Birds of Grand Canyon National Park
426:, to employ C. Hart as an ornithologist on a
234:. Her nature writing and activism started at
8:
1984:
1535:
1303:
418:: the elder Merriam arranged a meeting with
1257:. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press.
1214:Among the Birds in the Grand Canyon Country
1095:Bailey, Florence Augusta (Merriam) (1896).
720:Audubon Society of the District of Columbia
2451:Oehser, Paul H. (1971). James, Edward T.;
1743:
1235:Handbook of birds of eastern North America
856:upon her death, and it now resides in the
773:Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America
42:
31:
2684:20th-century American non-fiction writers
2674:19th-century American non-fiction writers
2557:Works by or about Florence Merriam Bailey
1238:. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Company.
852:, Merriam bequeathed the painting to the
1296:
1276:. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company.
915:awarded Merriam an honorary doctorate.
157: 1899; died 1942)
2664:20th-century American women scientists
2644:19th-century American women scientists
2411:"In Memoriam: Florence Merriam Bailey"
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816:New Mexico Department of Game and Fish
744:On December 16, 1899, Merriam married
422:, then the assistant secretary of the
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1929:
1899:
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1090:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. 1894.
903:published her last substantial work,
682:. There, she befriended the botanist
498:On February 11, 1886, the naturalist
7:
1117:How Birds Affect the Farm and Garden
737:in 1898. The latter work, subtitled
731:How Birds Affect the Farm and Garden
391:as it related to his travels in the
2689:20th-century American women writers
2679:19th-century American women writers
612:in Boston, was a collection of her
2694:American women non-fiction writers
2396:. Sangre de Cristo Audubon Society
989:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
29:American ornithologist (1863â1948)
25:
2516:Wolfe, Jonathan (July 17, 2019).
1232:(1895). "Biographical Sketches".
1197:New Mexico Dept. of Game and Fish
1152:Bailey, Florence Merriam (1902).
1133:Bailey, Florence Merriam (1898).
1114:Bailey, Florence Merriam (1896).
1066:Bailey, Florence Merriam (1890).
537:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
2669:20th-century American zoologists
2659:19th-century American zoologists
2654:Scientists from New York (state)
2594:Smithsonian Institution Archives
2581:Works by Florence Merriam Bailey
2573:
2566:Works by Florence Merriam Bailey
2465:. Cambridge, MA and London, UK:
2409:Oehser, Paul H. (January 1952).
2354:. Jefferson, NC and London, UK:
2222:Sangre de Cristo Audubon Society
1158:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
1139:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
1101:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
1072:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
864:, and fellow naturalist couple
858:Smithsonian American Art Museum
483:and one of the founders of the
385:first transcontinental railroad
281:based on her observations. Her
209:Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey
154:
2307:Texas A&M University Press
885:National Child Labor Committee
485:American Ornithologists' Union
302:American Ornithologists' Union
1:
2649:Writers from New York (state)
2585:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2356:McFarland & Company, Inc.
2330:. Lanham, MD and London, UK:
1087:My Summer in a Mormon Village
848:. Painted by wildlife artist
661:My Summer in a Mormon Village
257:Birds Through a Looking-Glass
2548:Works by Florence A. Merriam
2299:Bonta, Marcia Myers (1991).
2274:Barrow, Mark V. Jr. (1998).
1069:Birds Through an Opera-Glass
1044:Resources in other libraries
1020:Resources in other libraries
889:George Washington University
835:Undated photograph of Bailey
637:Birds Through an Opera-Glass
629:Birds Through an Opera-Glass
620:Birds Through an Opera-Glass
606:Birds Through an Opera-Glass
387:. Clinton was interested in
2572:(public domain audiobooks)
543:Nature writing and activism
267:. In 1899, Merriam married
2710:
2624:Stanford University alumni
2491:Weidensaul, Scott (2007).
2282:Princeton University Press
1028:By Florence Merriam Bailey
941:Birds of Village and Field
767:, the companion volume to
750:Mammals of the Adirondacks
735:Birds of Village and Field
639:as "in a sense, the first
466:Northampton, Massachusetts
445:College and early activism
376:member from Collinsville.
261:Birds of Village and Field
2394:"Mrs. Bailey's Chickadee"
2332:The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
2074:, pp. 143, 158, 161.
1039:Resources in your library
1015:Resources in your library
739:A Bird Book for Beginners
556:Early writing and travels
358:United States Congressman
316:, is named in her honor.
242:created a chapter of the
202:
185:
41:
2372:Kofalk, Harriet (1989).
2348:Holmes, Madelyn (2004).
1985:Creese & Creese 1998
1536:Creese & Creese 1998
1304:Creese & Creese 1998
913:University of New Mexico
846:National Zoological Park
724:Mount Shasta, California
320:Early life and education
298:National Zoological Park
58:Florence Augusta Merriam
18:Florence Augusta Merriam
2639:American nature writers
2609:American ornithologists
2305:. College Station, TX:
1244:10.5962/bhl.title.27183
1205:2027/mdp.39015019729311
1183:10.5962/bhl.title.13645
1145:10.5962/bhl.title.30028
1126:10.5962/bhl.title.36220
1107:10.5962/bhl.title.12539
1078:10.5962/bhl.title.60311
1006:Florence Merriam Bailey
949:Theodore Sherman Palmer
929:myocardial degeneration
854:Smithsonian Institution
712:San Francisco Mountains
608:, published in 1890 by
424:Smithsonian Institution
420:Spencer Fullerton Baird
374:New York State Assembly
332:photo from her time at
36:Florence Merriam Bailey
1263:10.5962/bhl.title.7856
1164:10.5962/bhl.title.7872
967:Parus gambeli baileyae
836:
552:
481:U.S. Biological Survey
457:
428:Yellowstone expedition
370:Rutgers Female College
362:Lewis County, New York
342:Locust Grove, New York
337:
310:Parus gambeli baileyae
273:U.S. Biological Survey
99:Locust Grove, New York
90:Washington, D.C., U.S.
72:Locust Grove, New York
1098:A-Birding on a Bronco
995:Selected publications
901:National Park Service
881:Boy Scouts of America
834:
821:Mammals of New Mexico
804:Edward William Nelson
800:Glacier National Park
746:Vernon Orlando Bailey
700:A-Birding on a Bronco
692:Louis Agassiz Fuertes
688:A-Birding on a Bronco
598:Western United States
550:
489:Fannie Hardy Eckstrom
477:Ernest Thompson Seton
455:Lake Placid, New York
452:
364:, as a member of the
327:
269:Vernon Orlando Bailey
240:Fannie Hardy Eckstrom
143:Vernon Orlando Bailey
2619:Smith College alumni
2614:Women ornithologists
827:Later life and death
694:, then a student at
500:George Bird Grinnell
408:Clinton Hart Merriam
404:Adirondack Mountains
232:Clinton Hart Merriam
228:Adirondack Mountains
169:Clinton Hart Merriam
2453:James, Janet Wilson
2260:, pp. 205â211.
2248:, pp. 176â177.
2176:, pp. 180â181.
2113:, pp. 179â187.
2011:, pp. 162â164.
1999:, pp. 142â143.
1902:, pp. 190â191.
1192:Birds of New Mexico
957:Mabel Osgood Wright
897:Birds of New Mexico
844:living then at the
812:Birds of New Mexico
676:Stanford University
657:Harriet Mann Miller
653:Mabel Osgood Wright
575:Grace Hoadley Dodge
287:Birds of New Mexico
117:Stanford University
2525:The New York Times
2469:. pp. 82â83.
971:mountain chickadee
969:, a subspecies of
837:
761:Brownsville, Texas
716:Flagstaff, Arizona
696:Cornell University
680:David Starr Jordan
627:. The profiles in
553:
458:
435:Syracuse, New York
338:
314:mountain chickadee
312:, a subspecies of
271:, a member of the
83:September 22, 1948
2552:Project Gutenberg
2508:978-0-15-101247-3
2280:. Princeton, NJ:
1956:, pp. 48â49.
1785:, pp. 52â53.
1676:, pp. 43â44.
1637:, pp. 38â39.
1625:, pp. 40â41.
1562:, pp. 33â34.
1550:, pp. 30â31.
1513:, pp. 26â28.
1501:, pp. 39â40.
1230:Chapman, Frank M.
1001:Library resources
953:Paul Henry Oehser
862:Clarence Birdseye
850:Charles R. Knight
690:. Illustrated by
577:'s social clubs.
533:Lacey Act of 1900
529:bachelor's degree
399:over this topic.
206:
205:
187:Scientific career
131:bird conservation
16:(Redirected from
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2561:Internet Archive
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769:Frank M. Chapman
665:travel narrative
635:has referred to
633:Scott Weidensaul
610:Houghton Mifflin
602:Audubon Magazine
594:San Diego County
562:Audubon Magazine
510:Audubon Magazine
416:Washington, D.C.
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961:Neltje Blanchan
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925:aurora borealis
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504:Audubon Society
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393:Yosemite Valley
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684:Alice Eastwood
663:. Primarily a
557:
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551:Bailey in 1916
544:
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348:and banker in
328:Bailey's 1886
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2440:. Retrieved
2423:(1): 19â26.
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2267:Bibliography
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85:(1948-09-22)
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2634:1948 deaths
2629:1863 births
2531:January 26,
2482:January 26,
2442:January 26,
2258:Kofalk 1989
2246:Kofalk 1989
2210:Kofalk 1989
2198:Holmes 2004
2174:Kofalk 1989
2162:Kofalk 1989
2150:Kofalk 1989
2138:Kofalk 1989
2123:Barrow 1998
2111:Kofalk 1989
2099:Oehser 1971
2084:Kofalk 1989
2072:Kofalk 1989
2060:Oehser 1952
2045:Kofalk 1989
2033:Oehser 1952
2021:Kofalk 1989
2009:Kofalk 1989
1997:Kofalk 1989
1954:Holmes 2004
1942:Holmes 2004
1915:Oehser 1952
1885:Holmes 2004
1873:Holmes 2004
1861:Kofalk 1989
1849:Holmes 2004
1834:Holmes 2004
1822:Kofalk 1989
1807:Kofalk 1989
1795:Kofalk 1989
1783:Kofalk 1989
1771:Barrow 1998
1756:Barrow 1998
1732:Holmes 2004
1717:Kofalk 1989
1686:Oehser 1971
1674:Kofalk 1989
1662:Kofalk 1989
1635:Kofalk 1989
1623:Holmes 2004
1611:Barrow 1998
1599:Barrow 1998
1587:Kofalk 1989
1575:Holmes 2004
1560:Kofalk 1989
1548:Kofalk 1989
1511:Kofalk 1989
1499:Holmes 2004
1484:Kofalk 1989
1469:Kofalk 1989
1454:Kofalk 1989
1409:Holmes 2004
1394:Kofalk 1989
1382:Kofalk 1989
1350:Kofalk 1989
1338:Oehser 1952
1323:Oehser 1971
979:common name
923:to see the
877:miscarriage
808:Wells Cooke
641:field guide
590:Lake Placid
567:Jane Addams
291:Wells Cooke
283:magnum opus
217:birdwatcher
197:Ornithology
113:(1882â1886)
2603:Categories
2234:Bonta 1991
2186:Bonta 1991
1930:Bonta 1991
1900:Bonta 1991
1705:Bonta 1991
1650:Bonta 1991
1442:Wolfe 2019
1421:Bonta 1991
1367:Bonta 1991
1292:References
793:The Condor
789:The Condor
784:The Condor
625:binoculars
586:West Coast
571:Hull House
518:recruited
389:glaciation
278:The Condor
64:1863-08-08
2592:from the
895:Although
493:millinery
470:evolution
430:in 1872.
412:taxidermy
397:John Muir
381:astronomy
171:(brother)
165:Relatives
2570:LibriVox
2499:Harcourt
2459:(eds.).
2400:March 9,
330:yearbook
2559:at the
2437:4081288
2416:The Auk
778:The Auk
614:Audubon
527:with a
265:ecology
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1003:about
959:, and
947:, and
935:Legacy
219:, and
193:Fields
176:Awards
137:Spouse
74:, U.S.
2433:JSTOR
1060:Books
984:Parus
866:Olaus
714:near
439:Utica
360:from
350:Utica
153:(
149:
2533:2022
2503:ISBN
2484:2022
2471:ISBN
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2402:2022
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2335:ISBN
2311:ISBN
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1278:ISBN
868:and
781:and
352:and
285:was
80:Died
54:Born
2583:at
2568:at
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2425:doi
1259:doi
1240:doi
1201:hdl
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