509:. Bascom founded Bryn Mawr's department of geology in 1895 and proceeded to teach and train a generation of young women in this department. In the first third of the 20th century, Bascom's graduate program was considered to be one of the most rigorous in the country, with a strong focus on both lab and fieldwork. It was known for training the most American female geologists. Her students did not just graduate, they often succeeded in important geology careers for themselves. Additionally during WW II some of her students were involved in confidential work for the
530:, played a pivotal role in Florence Bascom becoming a geologist, beginning when Florence was 12 and her father moved her and her family from their hometown to accept the position as president of the University of Wisconsin, the university where Bascom would begin her education. It was a drive with her father who pointed out a landscape that she did not understand, which intrigued her enough to learn about the earth and its geologic processes. In addition to her father's influence, Bascom's mother,
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summer and winter. This area of work came with great complexity, however Bascom's work and careful study provided much clarification. Throughout her career of thirty-three years, Bascom continued to work at Bryn Mawr
College and retired when the college had just expanded its science building. By 1924, Bascom became a councillor of the
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when it allowed women to attend graduate school and continued her studies in petrography there. Bascom's thesis was on "A Contribution to the
Geology of South Mountain, Pennsylvania". In 1893, Bascom graduated from Johns Hopkins with her PhD, making her the first woman to graduate the university with
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Florence Bascom left a legacy in part due to her significant scientific discoveries, but also partly due to her legacy of training women geologists. Bascom founded the geology department at Bryn Mawr
College and encouraged other women to enter the field of geology. Bascom trained and mentored Louise
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George
Huntington Williams (1856–1894): Bascom met George Huntington Williams through her early mentor Irving, and later worked with Williams in field research while she was at Johns Hopkins University. Bascom began her studies at Hopkins, and was told there was a chance she would not get her degree
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Florence Bascom had a very close relationship with her father and he played a very influential role in her life. Her father had struggled with mental illness and would often take his children exploring into the mountains. These explorations and the various scientific instruments they had in their
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which lies in
Maryland, Pennsylvania and part of New Jersey. In 1899 Bascom went on to teach petrography and by 1906 Bascom became a full professor and had an associate. Bascom spent many summers mapping the schists and gneisses of that area and studied the thin sections of the rocks both during
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At Bryn Mawr
College, geology was considered adjunct in comparison to other natural sciences. Her workspace consisted of storage space in a building constructed solely for chemistry and biology. Over a two-year period, Bascom managed to develop a substantial collection of
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in the U.S. Geological Survey. Bascom was known to set high standards for her students as well as herself. Though she was extremely tough, her students were grateful for the quality of education that she gave to them. In 1928, Bascom retired but continued to work at the
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as well as being one of the first women to earn a master's degree in geology. Bascom was known for her innovative findings in this field, and led the next generation of female geologists. Geologists consider Bascom to be the "first woman geologist in
America".
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of
Atlantic deposit in the province, listing the depth, unconformities, and different grain sizes (like sand, clay, or gravel). The cycles occurred over a large period of time, with six cycles occurring in the post-Cretaceous period and three occurring in the
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rock. These rocks defy the nomenclature used to identify rocks invented by German and
English scientists, so she created prefixes to add to these pre-existing names, to identify acidic changes in rocks. The prefixes she came up with are meta-, epi-, and apo-.
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Florence Bascom contributed to a special type of identification for acidic volcanoes. Her article, "The
Structures, Origin, and Nomenclature of Acidic Volcanic Rocks of South Mountain", begins by identifying various rock structures formed by the
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period. This conclusion gave scientists new ideas about erosion cycles regarding their rate of occurrence and how to define a cycle. In 1896, Bascom worked as an assistant for the USGS. Her role in the team was to study
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in Heidelberg before going back to teaching as she did not want to spend time doing "overspecialistic research", that she would not be able to teach to her students in the courses offered.
212:(July 14, 1862 – June 18, 1945) was a pioneer American woman geologist and educator. Bascom became an anomaly in the 19th century when she earned two bachelor's degrees. Earning a
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and in 1930 she was appointed as vice-president of that society making her the only woman to have ever held those offices. Bascom's career consisted of her being an editor of the
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467:. For part of her life as a teacher, Bascom simultaneously worked in the geological survey and her work lead to a multitude of comprehensive reports of geologic folios.
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244:, this made her the first woman to earn a degree at the institution. After earning her doctorate in geology, in 1896 Bascom became the first woman to work for the
261:, on July 14, 1862. The youngest of five children, Bascom came from a family who, unlike most at the time, encouraged women's entrance into society. Her father,
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and founded the department of geology in 1895 which led to it becoming one of the best departments in the country. Bascom was appointed assistant on the
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in 1887 at the same university and this is where she discovered her interest in geology but specifically in the very unknown field at that time –
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household encouraged her to have an interest in sciences. Florence graduated with high grades from Madison High School at the age of 16.
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Bascom, Florence (1893). "The Structures, Origin, and Nomenclature of the Acid Volcanic Rocks of South Mountain".
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and many other scientific societies. Bascom had also written many short papers, some which were in the field of
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focused on complex layers of rocks and mountains. The formations that took place there had been regarded as
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Bascom graduated from the University of Wisconsin with two bachelor's degrees. The first degree was in
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836:"Water resources of the Philadelphia district" US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper No. 106 (1904)
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After receiving her PhD, Bascom spent the next two years as an instructor and associate professor at
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579:(1829–1899): Bascom worked with Edward Francis Baxter Orton while she was at Ohio State University.
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chapter and was one of the first members to join an all women's fraternities between 1867 and 1902.
839:"Geology and mineral resources of the Quakertown-Doylestown district, Pennsylvania and New Jersey"
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992:"Great expectations: Florence Bascom (1842–1945) and the education of early US women geologists"
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previously however, the closer study of it done under microscopes proved them to be altered
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822:"The Geology of the Crystalline Rocks of Cecil County" Maryland Geological Survey (1902)
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Bascom, Florence (1921). "Cycles of Erosion in the Piedmont Province of Pennsylvania".
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850:"Elkton-Wilmington folio, Maryland-Delaware-New Jersey-Pennsylvania" with B.L. Miller.
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Glacial Lake Bascom, a prehistoric, postglacial lake located in what is now northern
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Bascom's students went on to become successful scientists, and some were featured in
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and not sediments which Bascom then named "aporhyolites" with the prefix of "apo-".
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because she was a woman. Williams supported her and she later received her PhD.
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that degree and the second woman in the United States to earn a PhD in geology.
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University of Wisconsin Department of Geology and Geophysics Alumni Newsletter
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672:(cerebral hemorrhage) on June 18, 1945, at the age of 82. She is buried in a
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Geological Society of America article mentioning the Wissahickon controversy
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under Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt while on leave in Germany in 1906–1907.
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The Geological Society of America's Florence Bascom Geologic Mapping Award
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in 1874. One year later in 1875, the university began accepting women and
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While attending the University of Wisconsin, Bascom was a member of the
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at the University of Wisconsin. Bascom was the second woman to earn her
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James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S., eds. (1971).
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Women in science : 50 fearless pioneers who changed the world
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Four Lives in Science: Women's Education in the Nineteenth Century
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Biography of Florence Bascom: Video by the US Geological Survey
1348:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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Bascom presented a second notable new conclusion regarding the
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American women scientists: 23 inspiring biographies, 1900-2000
805:. Her own account of her youth in Madison may be found in the
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Notable American women, 1607–1950; a biographical dictionary
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The ancient volcanic rocks of South Mountain, Pennsylvania
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with the title "The University in 1874–1887", March 1925.
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Florence Bascom published over 40 articles on genetic
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The Bascom Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories at the
569:. This led Bascom to the discovery of "aporhyolites".
545:. Bascom's choice of study was strongly influenced by
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Bascom spent a year learning and researching advanced
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in the United States, in 1893. Receiving her PhD from
1122:"Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia"
1050:"Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey"
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Bascom, Florence (1925). "John Bascom's Signature".
320:. After completing her master's, Bascom enrolled at
1185:(Thesis). Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
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Coeducation and the History of Women's Fraternities
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946:"Florence Bascom | American educator and scientist"
676:cemetery in Williamstown, close to family members.
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1438:(6084) Bascom In: Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
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189:Fellow of the Geological Society of America (1894)
996:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
308:which was received in 1882 and the second was a
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312:in 1884. Bascom also received her master's in
990:Clary, R. M.; Wandersee, J. H. (2007-01-01).
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631:Maria Stadnichenko, glacial geomorphologist
224:. Shortly after, in 1887, Bascom earned her
894:The Stone Lady: A Memoir of Florence Bascom
352:and later was assigned that section of the
430:; earlier scientific thought was that the
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1712:United States Geological Survey personnel
455:in a square degree of area along eastern
434:of Pennsylvania was made by two to three
344:teaching geology. Bascom then went on to
1672:TrowelBlazers entry for Florence Bascom.
1742:People from Williamstown, Massachusetts
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561:, motivating her to enter the field of
284:Her father became the president of the
1757:19th-century American women scientists
1752:20th-century American women scientists
1722:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
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1324:Knopf, Eleanora Frances Bliss (1946).
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639:, Dorothy Wyckoff, and Anna Heitonen.
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1204:Schneiderman, Jill S (January 1997).
1144:"Obituary: Florence Bascom 1862–1945"
1142:Ogilvie, Ida H. (28 September 1945).
7:
1668:, Smith College Special Collections.
1605:American women of science since 1900
1441:. Springer. 2003. pp. 508–509.
1057:U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1274
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463:, as well as a portion of northwest
1607:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
1206:"A Life of Firsts: Florence Bascom"
1087:"A Life of Firsts: Florence Bascom"
852:Geologic Atlas of the United States
648:. Those featured were Ida Ogilvie,
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1580:Reynolds, Moira Davidson (2004).
1528:The Wisconsin Magazine of History
1501:The Wisconsin Magazine of History
1181:Becque, Frances DeSimone (2002).
1085:Schneidermann, Jill (July 1997).
817:The Wisconsin Magazine of History
713:Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
680:Named in honor of Florence Bascom
1747:19th-century American geologists
1692:20th-century American geologists
1565:. New York, NY: Schocken Books.
907:
697:, an asteroid discovered in 1985
537:Bascom trained under experts in
1717:Johns Hopkins University alumni
702:Berkshire County, Massachusetts
516:United States Geological Survey
246:United States Geological Survey
152:United States Geological Survey
80:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1495:Bascom, Florence (1924–1925).
1447:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5637
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1737:Ohio State University faculty
1497:"The University in 1874–1887"
1326:"Memorial of Florence Bascom"
1098:Geological Society of America
868:, November 1945; spring, 1965
845:US Geological Survey Bulletin
831:US Geological Survey Bulletin
808:Wisconsin Magazine of History
711:The U.S. Geological Survey's
359:Geological Society of America
269:, and later president of the
1588:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
1557:Arnold, Lois Barber (1984).
1505:Wisconsin Historical Society
1416:biography.yourdictionary.com
1377:Gates, Alexander E. (2009).
1160:10.1126/science.102.2648.320
923:Timeline of women in science
785:Resources in other libraries
761:Resources in other libraries
585:(1853–1933): Bascom studied
583:Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt
367:National Academy of Sciences
257:Florence Bascom was born in
1622:Ignotofsky, Rachel (2016).
577:Edward Francis Baxter Orton
481:Bascom's specialization in
259:Williamstown, Massachusetts
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1732:Hampton University faculty
1603:Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011).
1380:A to Z of Earth Scientists
1048:Gohn, Kathleen K. (2004).
866:Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin
815:"John Bascom's Signature"
1727:Bryn Mawr College faculty
1707:American women geologists
1214:– via Researchgate.
896:, Bryn Mawr College, 1981
843:and George Willis Stose.
780:Resources in your library
756:Resources in your library
600:Katharine Fowler-Billings
371:National Research Council
196:
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1762:American women academics
730:Johns Hopkins University
322:Johns Hopkins University
242:Johns Hopkins University
85:Johns Hopkins University
35:Florence Bascom ca.1900.
1666:Sophia Smith Collection
1412:"Florence Bascom Facts"
950:Encyclopedia Britannica
645:American Men of Science
637:Isabel Fothergill Smith
551:University of Wisconsin
286:University of Wisconsin
271:University of Wisconsin
222:University of Wisconsin
62:June 18, 1945 (aged 82)
1662:Florence Bascom papers
1270:The Journal of Geology
1227:The Journal of Geology
889:, Schocken Books, 1984
887:Four Lives in Sciences
854:; Folio No. 211 (1920)
350:U.S. Geological Survey
885:Arnold, Lois Barber,
859:American Mineralogist
841:Edgar Theodore Wherry
650:Eleanor Bliss (Knopf)
549:, a professor at the
511:Military Geology Unit
474:in the laboratory of
406:. Bascom argues that
391:Ohio State University
342:Ohio State University
265:, was a professor at
141:Ohio State University
656:, Isabel Smith, and
611:Eleanora Bliss Knopf
440:stratigraphic record
220:in 1884 both at the
1626:. Ten Speed Press.
1282:1921JG.....29..540B
1239:1893JG......1..813B
1008:2007GSLSP.281..123C
629:petroleum geologist
555:Charles R. Van Hise
532:Emma Curtiss Bascom
310:Bachelor of Science
275:Emma Curtiss Bascom
218:Bachelor of Science
174:Emma Curtiss Bascom
147:Rockford University
1507:. pp. 300–308
892:Smith, Isabel F.,
769:By Florence Bascom
654:Anna Jonas (Stose)
567:structural geology
547:Roland Duer Irving
476:Victor Goldschmidt
383:Hampton University
365:, a member of the
363:American Geologist
105:university teacher
16:American geologist
1456:978-3-540-29925-7
1435:"(6084) Bascom".
1154:(2648): 320–321.
862:, Volume 31, 1946
742:Library resources
668:Bascom died of a
432:Piedmont province
424:cycles of erosion
375:Geophysical Union
373:, as well as the
346:Bryn Mawr College
330:Kappa Kappa Gamma
279:suffrage movement
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143:(1893–1894)
135:Bryn Mawr College
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717:Reston, Virginia
674:Williams College
615:crystallographer
607:Anna Jonas Stose
389:(1887–1889) and
387:Rockford College
267:Williams College
214:Bachelor of Arts
200:edit on Wikidata
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216:in 1882, and a
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393:(1903–1895).
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1657:Find a Grave
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1509:. Retrieved
1500:
1490:
1479:. Retrieved
1477:. 2021-10-29
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1415:
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1209:. Retrieved
1199:
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953:. Retrieved
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768:
746:
736:Publications
706:Hoosic River
667:
643:
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596:
581:
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539:metamorphism
536:
526:Her father,
525:
518:until 1936.
495:
480:
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457:Pennsylvania
428:Pennsylvania
421:
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256:
209:
208:
66:Williamstown
52:Williamstown
1702:1945 deaths
1697:1862 births
1059:. p. 4
819:, June 1925
795:petrography
715:located in
695:6084 Bascom
633:Ida Ogilvie
618:Mary Porter
604:petrologist
563:petrography
528:John Bascom
483:petrography
450:crystalline
318:petrography
290:Bascom Hill
263:John Bascom
169:John Bascom
1686:Categories
1534:(4): 460.
1511:16 October
1481:2023-08-02
1421:2016-10-06
1211:2021-05-27
1063:16 October
955:2019-08-11
929:References
708:watershed.
598:Kingsley,
445:Cretaceous
414:, but now
253:Early life
94:Occupation
1306:129628294
1255:129514458
1191:275858820
1103:April 13,
1094:GSA Today
1032:128838892
1024:0305-8719
491:volcanics
487:sediments
300:Education
162:Parent(s)
101:Geologist
1298:30063181
1187:ProQuest
1168:17732164
901:See also
499:minerals
465:Delaware
461:Maryland
412:rhyolite
354:Piedmont
128:Employer
119:educator
1664:at the
1540:4630573
1475:The Hub
1278:Bibcode
1235:Bibcode
1148:Science
1124:. 2002.
1004:Bibcode
873:Science
503:fossils
453:schists
426:within
404:volcano
314:geology
238:geology
230:geology
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882:, 1991
803:gravel
744:about
670:stroke
593:Legacy
553:, and
505:, and
369:, the
336:Career
183:Awards
114:editor
109:author
1536:JSTOR
1329:(PDF)
1302:S2CID
1294:JSTOR
1251:S2CID
1090:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
1028:S2CID
690:Venus
664:Death
507:rocks
198:[
1628:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1513:2012
1451:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1360:OCLC
1350:ISBN
1164:PMID
1105:2020
1065:2012
1020:ISSN
565:and
541:and
459:and
397:Work
306:arts
59:Died
45:Born
1655:at
1443:doi
1286:doi
1243:doi
1156:doi
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688:on
236:in
234:PhD
228:in
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