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778:'s presidency, but Truman seemed to be opposed to having a woman sitting on the highest court of the land. Allen was later told that Truman's reluctance to appoint her had to do with his belief that having a woman around would make the male judges uncomfortable. "They say they couldn't sit around with their robes off and their feet up and discuss the problems." Truman's reluctance to appoint a woman extended to other venues. When there were more than 20 Federal court vacancies, his original list of nominees was all male; only after some influential women politicians protested, the president named one woman,
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using the franchise, and whether they were active in the political process. In later talks, Allen expressed the opinion that while many women were in fact voting and speaking out on issues, there was a generational shift taking place. The dynamic women leaders who had fought for suffrage and brought about greater participation for women in other areas of public life were now deceased, and they had not yet been replaced. She expressed concern about this lack of new and dynamic leadership, and hoped new leaders would emerge.
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598:, she nevertheless encountered opposition from Democratic party chairman Burr Gongwer. However, the appointment was approved and she became the first woman in Ohio to hold such a position. She then began bringing cases before the grand jury. She also continued to advocate women's rights, even giving talks about her devotion to the Democratic party and the political process.
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men during a robbery. With women on the jury and a woman judge, legal critics wondered whether the stereotype about women being emotional, and thus lenient, would come into play, but it did not. Motto was convicted, and in mid-May 1921, Allen sentenced Motto to the electric chair. In 1922, Allen was elected to the
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She was also a mentor, who encouraged young women to become lawyers. She continued to give educational talks about the law, and she worked tirelessly to improve women's legal rights. She was a proponent of jury service for women, at a time when many states still did not allow women to serve, and she
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By her own admission, she was not a success at first. She only made about $ 25 during her first month, and all she could afford for her office was two chairs and a borrowed typewriter. As she told a reporter in a 1934 interview, "I had no clients. And I had no money. But I had great hopes." However,
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Allen herself remained a very articulate spokeswoman on the issues she cared about. She was regarded as such a credible figure that in 1947, the
American Academy of Political and Social Science asked her to do a study of women's voting patterns, to offer her assessment of whether women were in fact
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Allen continued her ongoing advocacy of women's rights. She was a member of the
National Association of Business and Professional Women, and spoke at several of their conventions, and was a member of the National Association of Women Lawyers. Allen continued to advocate an end to wars. In 1935, she
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In 1928, Allen was re-elected to a second six-year term on the Ohio
Supreme Court. All of the winners in that election were Republicans except for her. She continued to be a popular figure in Ohio, honored by numerous civic groups for her fair-mindedness; and lawyers who came before her praised her
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By 1920, she was elected as a Common Pleas judge, on a non-partisan ticket. She was the first woman in this position too, and during her time on the bench she tried nearly 900 cases. Undoubtedly, her biggest challenge was a case involving gangster Frank Motto, who was convicted of the murder of two
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the right to vote in municipal elections. During this time, she also became involved in another cause, one that would be important to her all of her life: disarmament and the quest for world peace. For Allen, this was personal: both of her brothers died while serving their country during the First
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giving talks about women's rights. And the belief that women should be treated as equals under the law undoubtedly resonated with her even more as a result of her struggles to be taken seriously as an attorney. She became even more interested in politics, and more committed to the cause of women's
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broke out, Allen remained steadfast in her determination to work for peace. She continued speaking and gave talks both in person and on radio. In 1944, the
National Association of Women lawyers put her name forth as someone who should be involved in international peace negotiations. When the war
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would not prevent the next war. It was essential for individual citizens to keep demanding that each country—whether large or small—have respect for the rule of law. "To secure peace, there must be justice," she told 3,000 attendees at a conference of the
National Federation of Business and
716:, former vice president of the National Association of Women Lawyers and chair of a newly created committee whose purpose was to encourage the appointment of more women to important positions in government. Allen was not named to the Supreme Court, however, and it was another male judge,
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A pacifist, Allen was an opponent of war and argued that the only way to avoid war was to outlaw it. War must be made outlawed and declared a crime, she said. She also called for the establishment of an international court that has jurisdiction over purely international disputes and that
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continued to encourage women to be politically active even while remaining non-partisan herself. By 1930, her reputation was so positive that some newspapers were suggesting that she be nominated for a seat on the United States
Supreme Court. Among them was the
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699:. In her essay, Allen asserted that wars "unleash demoralizing instincts" such as "callousness, cynicism, and greed." She said they also contribute to numerous social problems, including the break-up of families, and increases in crime.
666:. Her nomination to the prestigious position received widespread praise. Newspaper articles described Allen as "an able jurist" and a "profound student" of the law. Allen served as Chief Judge from 1958 to 1959. She was a member of the
528:, and would have pursued a degree, but at that time, Western Reserve's law school did not admit women. So Allen took special classes and tutorials, and became more determined to have a legal career. She attended the law school at the
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was about to retire, some of Allen's supporters tried to persuade
President Roosevelt that it was time to name a woman, and they reminded the president that Allen was extremely qualified. Chief among advocates on her behalf was
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Professional Women's Clubs. "There cannot be justice unless there is a rebirth of moral principle among the nations. There cannot be a rebirth of moral principle unless the conscience of the peoples becomes articulate."
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suffrage. She was active in the Women's
Suffrage Party and began challenging local laws that limited women's participation in the political process. And she argued one particular case that went all the way to the
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from Utah, and his wife
Corinne Marie, née Tuckerman. She was one of seven children—five girls, one of whom died in infancy, and two boys. Her father was a professor and a linguist, and the family moved to
782:, to the bench of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 1949. After her retirement, she continued to do speaking engagements and began working on her autobiography. It was called
824:
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499:. Her original plan was to become a concert pianist but she sustained an injury that cut her music career short. She returned to Ohio in 1906 and took a job as the music critic for
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Once she won a few cases and gained the respect of her male colleagues, her career flourished. In 1919, she was appointed the assistant prosecuting attorney for
Cleveland's
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on March 15, 1934, and received her commission on March 21, 1934. She was the second woman to serve in the federal judiciary and the first woman to serve as an
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before she was a teenager. She also showed an early love of poetry, as well as a talent for music, and after attending New Lyme Institute in
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willingness to listen. And while she was not afraid to make the difficult decisions, even on death penalty cases, Allen was not just a "
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The press continued to speculate on Allen as a possible Supreme Court nominee. In early 1939, when Supreme Court Justice
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Taylor, Rebecca Stiles (October 7, 1944). "Women Lawyers Endorse Judge Florence Allen to Sit at the Peace Table".
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ended, she continued to speak to civic groups, especially women's clubs. Her message was that relying on the
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in order to become successful, what she needed was some experience, so she did volunteer work with the local
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and one of the first two women to serve as a United States federal judge. In 2005, she was inducted into the
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Young Florence grew up in Cleveland, where her father shared his love of languages with her, teaching her
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By this time, she had begun showing an increasing interest in politics and law, which led her to take a
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Arndt, Jessie Ash (November 14, 1960). "Women's Influence Wanes; Judge Allen Warns of Slackness".
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She was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree from Berea College in Kentucky in 1930.
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In declining health after falling and breaking her hip, Allen died on September 12, 1966, in
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862:"Florence E. Allen Named Federal Judge; First Woman to Get Place on Circuit Bench".
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on October 5, 1959. Her service terminated on September 12, 1966, due to her death.
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Entry for Florence Ellinwood Allen in the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
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Shuler, Marjorie (March 6, 1935). "She Has Been Mentioned for President".
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from Western Reserve; she completed it in 1908. She also took courses in
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United States court of appeals judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Greenberg, Doris (July 12, 1946). "People Put First in Keeping Peace".
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international law should be codified on the basis of equity and right.
1050:"Here's Real Tribute to Women: Six More Years on the Supreme Bench".
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Howard, N. R. (March 25, 1934). "Miss Allen Talks of Women's Gains".
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Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
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1167:"Ten Outstanding American Women Make Stirring Plea Against War".
882:"Florence Allen, 82, First Woman On U.S. Appellate Bench, Dead".
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As a child, her mother had taken her to see famous suffragists
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Allen's supporters again sought to have her appointed to the
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List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
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On the Circuit Court, Sixth Circuit, she heard cases from
982:"Spinster Breadwinner Hailed as Heroine By Woman Judge".
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
1223:
Brenner, Hannah; Knake, Renee Newman (Summer 2017).
1183:"An Able Woman Pioneer Makes Constitutional History"
1152:"Women Lawyers Urged to Support Individual Effort".
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
421:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
164:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
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1015:"'Why I Am a Democrat' Discussed by Woman Lawyer".
924:"New Woman Judge Was at One Time Newspaper Woman".
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964:"Florence E. Allen Dies; Retired Federal Jurist".
683:was one of ten "outstanding American women", with
408:headquarters, Upper Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, 1912
1341:Ripley, Josephine. "Political Accent on Women".
1000:"Woman Named As U.S. Judge; First in History".
1316:The Invisible Bar: The Woman Lawyer in America
830:List of first women lawyers and judges in Ohio
569:: thanks to her efforts, she won the women of
423:. She was the first woman to serve on a state
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133:September 18, 1958 – October 5, 1959
114:October 5, 1959 – September 12, 1966
8:
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415:(March 23, 1884 – September 12, 1966) was a
1508:Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
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820:List of female state supreme court justices
218:Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
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1633:
1622:
1606:
1592:
1584:
1489:
977:
975:
84:
73:
1470:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University
1240:
1030:
1028:
1026:
995:
993:
877:
875:
873:
786:and was published in the autumn of 1965.
230:January 1, 1923 – March 21, 1934
176:March 21, 1934 – October 5, 1959
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
8676:New York University School of Law alumni
1436:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
1292:
1290:
1120:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
939:
937:
935:
668:Judicial Conference of the United States
487:degree, and her father then sent her to
8701:University of Chicago Law School alumni
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
899:
897:
895:
893:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
841:
8661:Case Western Reserve University alumni
1137:"Woman Takes Oath as Customs Judge".
806:In 2005, Allen was inducted into the
658:was earlier appointed to serve as an
439:Allen was born on March 23, 1884, in
7:
1486:at the National Women's Hall of Fame
1089:"Must outlaw war says woman judge".
678:Women's rights advocacy and pacifism
532:for a year, and then transferred to
638:on March 6, 1934, to a seat on the
8706:20th-century American women judges
8686:Justices of the Ohio Supreme Court
968:. September 14, 1966. pp. B6.
34:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
6728:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
3915:Mary of the Annunciation Beaumont
1281:People Put First in Keeping Peace
1156:. August 29, 1934. pp. 1, 5.
1074:"A Woman on the Supreme Bench?".
886:. September 14, 1966. p. 47.
766:Renewed Supreme Court speculation
634:Allen was nominated by President
534:New York University School of Law
1474:Allen, Florence Ellinwood Papers
1458:Florence Ellinwood Allen Papers.
404:and Florence Ellinwood Allen at
383:
44:guide to writing better articles
23:
8691:Politicians from Salt Lake City
7798:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
4377:Daeida Hartell Wilcox Beveridge
1208:"Women Seeking Seat on Bench".
1171:. January 11, 1935. p. 14.
1019:. January 4, 1920. pp. 6K.
944:"The Career of a Woman Judge".
928:. November 12, 1922. p. 3.
466:Case Western Reserve University
451:Sr., a mine manager, and later
352:Case Western Reserve University
7477:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
4586:Rae Natalie Prosser de Goodall
1312:Morello, Karen Berger (1986).
1054:. December 6, 1928. p. 1.
948:. January 11, 1924. p. 9.
551:Legal Aid Society of Cleveland
1:
6578:National Women's Hall of Fame
5599:Frances Seiberling Buchholzer
1361:National Women’s Hall of Fame
1343:The Christian Science Monitor
1299:The Christian Science Monitor
1154:The Christian Science Monitor
1078:. March 12, 1930. p. 18.
1076:The Christian Science Monitor
1052:The Christian Science Monitor
1037:The Christian Science Monitor
986:. March 10, 1934. p. 11.
946:The Christian Science Monitor
808:National Women's Hall of Fame
429:National Women's Hall of Fame
8646:20th-century American judges
7824:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
1421:Resources in other libraries
1397:Resources in other libraries
453:United States Representative
8671:Lawyers from Salt Lake City
8007:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
7411:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
5918:Joyce "Snowfeather" Mahaney
1357:"Allen, Florence Ellinwood"
1212:. March 6, 1939. p. 4.
1141:. June 7, 1928. p. 28.
1004:. March 7, 1934. p. 4.
866:. March 7, 1934. p. 9.
772:United States Supreme Court
664:United States Customs Court
646:. She was confirmed by the
417:United States circuit judge
8722:
7563:Katharine Dexter McCormick
6861:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
5566:Georgeta Blebea Washington
1320:. New York: Random House.
16:American judge (1884–1966)
8453:
8442:
8125:
8114:
7630:
7619:
7421:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
6955:
6944:
6786:
6775:
6595:
6584:
6289:
6278:
5742:Jeraldyne Kilborn Blunden
5687:Viola Startzman Robertson
5390:Frances Jennings Casement
5188:
5177:
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2062:
2051:
1632:
1621:
1615:Ohio Women's Hall of Fame
1572:
1560:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1524:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1416:Resources in your library
1392:Resources in your library
1210:Reno (NV) Evening Gazette
746:This Constitution of Ours
703:Supreme Court speculation
620:Christian Science Monitor
391:
258:
223:
169:
126:
107:
92:
83:
7652:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
7462:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
7235:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
6315:Gayle Channing Tenenbaum
5247:Patricia Louise Fletcher
4751:Jacquelyn Mayer Townsend
4223:Ellen Walker Craig-Jones
3651:Phebe Temperance Sutliff
3640:Fanchon bat-Lillian Shur
3309:Jeanette Grasselli Brown
3067:Anastasia Ann Przelomski
1576:John Donelson Martin Sr.
1484:Florence Ellinwood Allen
1448:Florence Ellinwood Allen
1431:Florence Ellinwood Allen
1229:UCLA Women's Law Journal
1115:Florence Ellinwood Allen
780:Burnita Shelton Matthews
630:Federal judicial service
435:Early life and education
413:Florence Ellinwood Allen
272:Florence Ellinwood Allen
156:John Donelson Martin Sr.
8142:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
8032:Catherine Filene Shouse
7885:Patricia Roberts Harris
7523:Mary Steichen Calderone
7391:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
7260:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
7064:Martha Wright Griffiths
6072:Elizabeth Stewart Magee
5863:Margaret Brugler Rogers
5258:Jean Patrice Harrington
4806:Marianne Boggs Campbell
3541:Luella Talmadge Jackson
1478:Sophia Smith Collection
1441:Federal Judicial Center
1439:, a publication of the
1125:Federal Judicial Center
1123:, a publication of the
38:used on Knowledge (XXG)
8651:American women lawyers
8088:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
7583:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
7447:Frances Xavier Cabrini
7361:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
7139:Ellen Swallow Richards
7109:Constance Baker Motley
6759:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
6692:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
6226:Mary Adelaide Sandusky
5929:Rozella M. Schlotfeldt
5775:Olga González-Sanabria
5445:Adella Prentiss Hughes
3882:Nancy Vertrone Bieniek
3100:Julia Montgomery Walsh
1768:Helen Grace McClelland
587:
578:State judicial service
409:
42:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
8602:Anna Wessels Williams
8289:Carlotta Walls LaNier
8022:Elisabeth KĂĽbler-Ross
7880:Martha Matilda Harper
7844:Mary Engle Pennington
7682:Frances Oldham Kelsey
7467:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
7220:Jane Cunningham Croly
7149:Katherine Siva Saubel
7044:Marian Wright Edelman
6967:Margaret Bourke-White
6892:Harriet Beecher Stowe
5808:Ellen Mosley-Thompson
5214:Maude Charles Collins
5203:Paige Palmer-Ashbaugh
5136:Harriet Beecher Stowe
4421:Joy Garrison Cauffman
4388:Patricia Ann Blackmon
4124:Anne O'Hare McCormick
4058:Viola Famiano Colombi
2891:Mary Jen Steinbrenner
2715:Helen Hooven Santmyer
2693:Willa Beatrice Player
2638:Cindy Noble Hauserman
2330:Jean Starr Untermeyer
1658:Helen Chatfield Black
1556:Charles Casper Simons
744:. In 1940, she wrote
670:in 1958. She assumed
662:federal judge on the
636:Franklin D. Roosevelt
585:
530:University of Chicago
400:
365:University of Chicago
187:Franklin D. Roosevelt
144:Charles Casper Simons
8299:Mary Harriman Rumsey
8137:St. Katharine Drexel
7981:Mary Burnett Talbert
7976:Blanche Stuart Scott
7961:Mother Marianne Cope
7941:Ruth Fulton Benedict
7900:Mildred Robbins Leet
7598:Angelina Grimké Weld
7472:Maria Goeppert Mayer
7442:Charlotte Anne Bunch
7019:Antoinette Blackwell
6998:Gertrude Belle Elion
6928:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
6697:Helen Brooke Taussig
6687:Margaret Chase Smith
6083:Kasturi Rajadhyaksha
5511:Mary Andrew Matesich
5434:Kathleen V. Harrison
5335:Yvonne Walker-Taylor
4971:Mary Jo Behrensmeyer
4905:Henrietta Seiberling
4894:Margaret Diane Quinn
3893:Stella Marie Zannoni
3177:Jewel Freeman Graham
2594:Mary E. Miller Young
2341:Harriet Taylor Upton
1702:Martha Kinney Cooper
1405:By Florence E. Allen
1017:Atlanta Constitution
926:Atlanta Constitution
648:United States Senate
8516:Rebecca S. Halstead
8490:Mary Church Terrell
8177:Barbara A. Mikulski
7905:Patsy Takemoto Mink
7890:Stephanie L. Kwolek
7829:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
7803:Emily Howell Warner
7748:Dorothy H. Andersen
7722:Annie Dodge Wauneka
7717:Mary Edwards Walker
7642:Faye Glenn Abdellah
7573:Edith Nourse Rogers
7553:Shirley Ann Jackson
7528:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
7406:Sandra Day O'Connor
7386:Matilda Joslyn Gage
6982:Florence B. Seibert
6819:Carrie Chapman Catt
6749:Juliette Gordon Low
6632:Elizabeth Blackwell
6627:Mary McLeod Bethune
5940:Katherine May Smith
5709:Kathryn D. Sullivan
5610:Joan Brown Campbell
5092:Marie Barrett Marsh
4696:Jean Murrell Capers
4531:Alice Robie Resnick
4113:Geraldine Macelwane
3728:Raquel Diaz-Sprague
3210:Carol Heiss Jenkins
2946:Elizabeth Blackwell
2869:Lauretta Schimmoler
2759:Lois Anna Barr Cook
2682:Catherine Pinkerton
2484:Harriet J. Anderson
2418:Grace Goulder Izant
2407:Zelma Watson George
2264:Tina Bischoff Lovin
1911:Charity Edna Earley
1889:Mary Ann Bickerdyke
1823:Marigene Valiquette
1757:Margaret A. Mahoney
1563:Chief Judge of the
1518:Robert Nugen Wilkin
1461:Schlesinger Library
1242:10.5070/L3242037775
1169:The Washington Post
984:The Washington Post
966:The Washington Post
697:Why Wars Must Cease
695:, to contribute to
693:Carrie Chapman Catt
449:Clarence Emir Allen
369:New York University
333:Clarence Emir Allen
253:Robert Nugen Wilkin
119:Chief Judge of the
8475:Barbara Rose Johns
8426:Flossie Wong-Staal
8401:Nicole Malachowski
8330:Lorraine Hansberry
8274:Marcia Greenberger
8228:Mary Joseph Rogers
8167:Coretta Scott King
8152:Abby Kelley Foster
8068:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
7956:Rita Rossi Colwell
7732:Frances E. Willard
7568:Rozanne L. Ridgway
7518:Lydia Moss Bradley
7503:Madeleine Albright
7396:Nannerl O. Keohane
7366:Anne Dallas Dudley
7295:Betty Bone Schiess
7265:Susette La Flesche
7250:Zora Neale Hurston
7245:Helen LaKelly Hunt
7169:Madam C. J. Walker
7084:Mary Putnam Jacobi
7034:Jacqueline Cochran
7014:Ethel Percy Andrus
6882:Barbara McClintock
6447:Elizabeth H. Flick
6392:Martha Potter Otto
6105:Michele G. Wheatly
6006:Yvette McGee Brown
5907:Mary Ann Jorgenson
5676:Cathy Monroe Lewis
5147:Jerry Sue Thornton
4839:Stephanie J. Jones
4784:Thekla Shackelford
4278:Lucille Nussdorfer
4245:Jill Harms Griesse
3981:Helen Steiner Rice
3849:Virginia Ruehlmann
3750:Mary Ignatia Gavin
3607:Anne Variano Macko
3199:Rebecca D. Jackson
3122:Mary Ellen Withrow
3034:Ruth Ratner Miller
3001:Hooker Glendinning
2924:Kathleen L. Barber
2792:Barbara Easterling
2231:Doris Martha Weber
2209:Mary Louise Nemeth
2154:Esther Greisheimer
1900:Beatrice Cleveland
1546:Paul Charles Weick
1528:Smith Hickenlooper
1466:2012-05-09 at the
1446:Russ, J. A. 1997.
1139:The New York Times
1091:The New York Times
906:The New York Times
884:The New York Times
864:The New York Times
724:Continued advocacy
718:William O. Douglas
656:Genevieve R. Cline
644:Smith Hickenlooper
604:Ohio Supreme Court
588:
567:Ohio Supreme Court
526:constitutional law
447:, the daughter of
410:
300:September 12, 1966
211:Paul Charles Weick
199:Smith Hickenlooper
8623:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8577:Kimberlé Crenshaw
8572:Elouise P. Cobell
8536:Katherine Johnson
8506:Octavia E. Butler
8438:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8345:Clare Boothe Luce
8157:Helen Murray Free
8110:
8109:
8106:
8105:
7971:Patricia A. Locke
7936:Florence E. Allen
7920:Sheila E. Widnall
7865:Linda G. Alvarado
7849:Mercy Otis Warren
7808:Victoria Woodhull
7793:Barbara Holdridge
7788:Beatrice A. Hicks
7763:Lydia Maria Child
7677:Leontine T. Kelly
7615:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7437:Louisa May Alcott
7351:Mary Breckinridge
7230:Geraldine Ferraro
7215:Annie Jump Cannon
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6677:Eleanor Roosevelt
6576:Inductees to the
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6524:Carrie Vonderhaar
6403:Elizabeth Ruppert
6274:
6273:
6270:
6269:
5753:Shannon K. Carter
5698:Stefanie Spielman
5654:Katie T. Horstman
5621:Nancy Frankenberg
5467:Dorothy Kamenshek
5236:Margarita De Leon
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
4916:Mary Emily Taylor
4872:Audrey Mackiewicz
4465:Frances Dana Gage
4432:Bunny Cowan Clark
4410:Christine Brennan
4300:Emma Ann Reynolds
4201:Christine M. Cook
4080:Virginia Hamilton
3860:Josephine Schwarz
3816:Helen H. Peterson
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3463:Charlene Spretnak
3419:Linda James Myers
3375:Florence Harshman
3254:Linda Rocker Sogg
3089:Selma Lois Walker
3056:Arline Webb Pratt
3023:Katherine LeVeque
2275:Dorothy Cornelius
2187:Blanche Krupansky
2099:Patricia M. Byrne
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2032:Marjorie Whiteman
1647:Florence E. Allen
1582:
1581:
1573:Succeeded by
1543:Succeeded by
1515:Succeeded by
1383:Florence E. Allen
1378:Library resources
709:Louis D. Brandeis
685:Eleanor Roosevelt
642:vacated by Judge
522:political science
395:
394:
78:Florence E. Allen
72:
71:
64:
36:encyclopedic tone
8713:
8656:American lawyers
8455:
8444:
8411:Louise Slaughter
8335:Victoria Jackson
8294:Philippa Marrack
8279:Barbara Iglewski
8187:Kathrine Switzer
8182:Donna E. Shalala
8127:
8116:
8073:Allie B. Latimer
8053:Louise Bourgeois
8027:Judith L. Pipher
7834:Katharine Graham
7778:Marian de Forest
7697:Anna Howard Shaw
7647:Emma Smith DeVoe
7632:
7621:
7533:Joan Ganz Cooney
7457:Oveta Culp Hobby
7452:Mary A. Hallaren
7315:Sarah Winnemucca
7184:Gloria Yerkovich
7179:Rosalyn S. Yalow
7134:Jeannette Rankin
7114:Georgia O'Keeffe
7069:Fannie Lou Hamer
7029:Shirley Chisholm
6977:Billie Jean King
6957:
6946:
6908:Gwendolyn Brooks
6788:
6777:
6617:Susan B. Anthony
6597:
6586:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6547:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6513:Linda S. Noelker
6506:
6505:
6504:
6502:Valerie J. Lyons
6495:
6494:
6493:
6491:Kleia R. Luckner
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6259:Celia Williamson
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6248:Bernett Williams
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2021:Clara Weisenborn
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1999:Bobbie L. Sterne
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1713:Gertrude Donahey
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1553:Preceded by
1525:Preceded by
1498:Preceded by
1490:
1480:, Smith College.
1365:
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1270:
1269:
1266:Chicago Defender
1261:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1235:(2): 70, 79–81.
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562:Anna Howard Shaw
558:Susan B. Anthony
538:Bachelor of Laws
502:The Plain Dealer
485:Bachelor of Arts
387:
341:Bryant Tuckerman
337:Esther Allen Gaw
305:
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263:Personal details
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46:for suggestions.
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8494:
8480:Henrietta Lacks
8470:Barbara Hillary
8465:Aretha Franklin
8449:
8430:
8416:Sonia Sotomayor
8369:
8308:
8259:Tenley Albright
8247:
8233:Bernice Sandler
8191:
8172:Lilly Ledbetter
8147:Loretta C. Ford
8121:
8102:
8041:
8037:Henrietta Szold
7997:Eleanor K. Baum
7985:
7951:Hillary Clinton
7924:
7875:Gertrude Ederle
7870:Donna de Varona
7853:
7812:
7758:Rosalynn Carter
7736:
7712:Wilma L. Vaught
7667:Crystal Eastman
7662:Sylvia A. Earle
7626:
7607:
7603:Chien-Shiung Wu
7578:Felice Schwartz
7548:Julia Ward Howe
7491:
7482:Maria Tallchief
7425:
7381:Margaret Fuller
7376:Ella Fitzgerald
7371:Mary Baker Eddy
7324:
7280:Antonia Novello
7255:Anne Hutchinson
7188:
7129:Esther Peterson
7104:Wilma Mankiller
7024:Emily Blackwell
7002:
6986:
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6896:
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6828:
6824:Frances Perkins
6807:
6803:Sojourner Truth
6798:Margaret Sanger
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6652:Emily Dickinson
6612:Marian Anderson
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5973:Dorothy Baunach
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5269:Shirley Hoffman
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5158:Janet Voinovich
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5103:Marjorie Parham
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5059:Cheryl Han Horn
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4608:Bernadine Healy
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1093:. 1 April 1924.
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5952:
5951:Florence Wang
5946:
5941:
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5924:
5919:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5897:
5896:Lillie Howard
5891:
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5555:Farah Walters
5550:
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5533:Deborah Pryce
5528:
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5506:
5501:
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5489:Irene D. Long
5484:
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5423:Susan F. Gray
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5401:Ruth L. Davis
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5280:Dorothy Kazel
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5048:Carole Hoover
5043:
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5016:
5015:Daisy Flowers
5010:
5005:
5004:Electra Doren
4999:
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4707:Martha Dorsey
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4685:Marilyn Byers
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3998:
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3992:Alice Schille
3987:
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3827:Martha Pituch
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3805:Darlene Owens
3800:
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3447:
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3441:Diane Poulton
3436:
3431:
3430:Jennie Porter
3425:
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3414:
3409:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3376:
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3365:
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3354:
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3343:
3337:
3332:
3331:Tracy Chapman
3326:
3321:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3266:
3265:Eleanor Smeal
3260:
3255:
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3233:
3227:
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3205:
3200:
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2892:
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2881:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2847:Norma Marcere
2842:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2782:
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2771:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2704:Judith Resnik
2699:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2583:Freda Winning
2578:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2561:Minnie Player
2556:
2551:
2550:Barbara Janis
2545:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2528:Mariwyn Heath
2523:
2518:
2517:Mary O. Boyle
2512:
2507:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2429:Toni Morrison
2424:
2419:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2397:
2396:Bernice Foley
2391:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2253:Mildred Bayer
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2177:
2176:Tella Kitchen
2171:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2110:Ruth Crawford
2105:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1834:Ann B. Walker
1829:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1779:Agnes Merritt
1774:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1670:
1664:
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1653:
1648:
1642:
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1616:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1534:Judge of the
1529:
1523:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:. p. 16.
1344:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1327:9780394529646
1323:
1318:
1317:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:. p. 20.
1282:
1275:
1272:
1268:. p. 15.
1267:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:"Shortlisted"
1219:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1003:
996:
994:
990:
985:
978:
976:
972:
967:
960:
958:
956:
952:
947:
940:
938:
936:
932:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
907:
900:
898:
896:
894:
890:
885:
878:
876:
874:
870:
865:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
842:
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
809:
801:
799:
797:
789:
787:
785:
784:To Do Justly,
781:
777:
773:
765:
763:
759:
756:
751:
748:. Even after
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
723:
721:
719:
715:
710:
702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
675:
673:
672:senior status
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
629:
627:
623:
621:
615:
613:
612:law and order
607:
605:
599:
597:
593:
584:
577:
575:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
552:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
494:
493:German Empire
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
432:
430:
426:
425:supreme court
422:
418:
414:
407:
403:
402:Belle Sherwin
399:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
298:
294:
290:
286:
270:
266:
261:
257:
254:
251:
245:
242:
239:
233:
227:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
191:
188:
185:
179:
173:
168:
165:
162:Judge of the
160:
157:
154:
148:
145:
142:
136:
130:
125:
122:
117:
111:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
75:
66:
63:
55:
45:
39:
37:
30:
21:
20:
8681:Ohio lawyers
8592:Loretta Ross
8567:Ruby Bridges
8511:Judy Chicago
8406:Rose O'Neill
8386:Angela Davis
8365:Alice Waters
8360:Janet Rowley
8355:Carol Mutter
8243:Emma Willard
8223:Nancy Pelosi
8218:Kate Millett
8083:Ruth Patrick
8078:Emma Lazarus
8063:Karen DeCrow
8058:Mildred Cohn
7935:
7753:Lucille Ball
7727:Eudora Welty
7702:Sophia Smith
7687:Kate Mullany
7543:Sarah Grimké
7508:Maya Angelou
7341:Ann Bancroft
7320:Fanny Wright
7240:Grace Hopper
7164:Lillian Wald
7119:Annie Oakley
7099:Mary Mahoney
6923:Mary Risteau
6913:Willa Cather
6866:Bessie Smith
6744:Dorothea Dix
6672:Helen Keller
6647:Mary Cassatt
6622:Clara Barton
6381:Lana Moresky
6215:Judith Rycus
6127:Gail Collins
5984:Carrie Black
5819:Cathy Nelson
5665:Jennie Hwang
5643:Elsie Helsel
5544:Maria Sexton
5478:Maxine Levin
5412:Lucille Ford
5313:Lorle Porter
5225:Faye Dambrot
5070:Carol Latham
5037:Ann Hamilton
4762:Ann O'Rourke
4630:Fannie Lewis
4487:Sylvia Lewis
4476:Jane Kirkham
4344:Lillian Wald
4333:Deanna Tribe
4322:Paula Spence
4179:Pauline Riel
4146:Edna Pincham
3970:Susan Porter
3948:Nancy Oakley
3706:Hallie Brown
3552:Janet Kalven
3452:Renee Powell
3166:Norma Craden
3144:Anna Biggins
2957:Marie Clarke
2880:Marge Schott
2649:Marcy Kaptur
2616:Sally Cooper
2506:Eula Bingham
2385:Ann Eriksson
2352:Nancy Wilson
2319:Andre Norton
2220:Annie Oakley
2165:Edith Keller
2143:Lillian Gish
2088:Erma Bombeck
2077:Grace Berlin
1856:Marion Wells
1845:Stella Walsh
1646:
1561:
1533:
1506:
1434:
1411:Online books
1404:
1382:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1315:
1307:
1301:. p. 4.
1298:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1193:November 24,
1191:. Retrieved
1189:. 1938-01-24
1186:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1118:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1016:
1010:
1001:
983:
965:
945:
925:
905:
883:
863:
805:
793:
783:
769:
760:
750:World War II
745:
727:
706:
696:
681:
633:
624:
619:
616:
608:
600:
594:. An active
589:
555:
547:
544:Legal career
515:
500:
496:
470:
438:
412:
411:
302:(1966-09-12)
248:Succeeded by
225:
206:Succeeded by
182:Appointed by
171:
151:Succeeded by
128:
109:
98:Senior Judge
58:
49:
33:
8641:1966 deaths
8636:1884 births
8597:Sandy Stone
8541:Indra Nooyi
8213:Julie Krone
8012:Swanee Hunt
8002:Julia Child
7966:Maya Y. Lin
7839:Bertha Holt
7773:Dorothy Day
7707:Ida Tarbell
7672:Jeanne Holm
7401:Maggie Kuhn
7200:Bella Abzug
7089:Mae Jemison
7059:Ella Grasso
7049:Alice Evans
7039:Ruth Colvin
6667:Helen Hayes
6607:Jane Addams
6182:Carol Kuhre
6149:Kim de Groh
6061:Jih-Fen Lei
6039:Carol Gibbs
6028:Joan Durgin
6017:Loann Crane
5797:Lois Lenski
5786:Elsie Janis
5588:Judy Barker
5114:Mary Regula
5026:Annie Glenn
4619:Carol Kelly
4311:Carol Scott
4168:Jean Reilly
3783:June Holley
3618:Alicia Mott
3585:Joan Lamson
3574:Maggie Kuhn
3353:Ann Gazelle
3276:Carolyn Utz
3045:Amelia Nava
2451:Jayne Spain
2121:Louisa Fast
1977:Emma Phaler
1966:Jerrie Mock
1944:Emily Leedy
1790:Rose Papier
652:Article III
574:World War.
236:Preceded by
194:Preceded by
139:Preceded by
8630:Categories
8396:Jane Fonda
8391:Sarah Deer
8203:Betty Ford
7692:Janet Reno
7538:Gerty Cori
7513:Nellie Bly
7205:Ella Baker
7124:Rosa Parks
6918:Sally Ride
6887:Lucy Stone
6754:Alice Paul
6414:Rita Singh
6204:Helen Moss
5995:Caro Bosca
5357:Betty Zane
5302:Ada Martin
4993:Sarah Deal
4674:Carol Ball
4509:Donna Moon
4289:Jane Reece
4069:Ivy Gunter
3772:Donna Hawk
3232:Bea Larsen
3221:Carol Kane
2495:Ione Biggs
1955:Ruth Lyons
1570:1958–1959
1540:1934–1959
1512:1923–1934
836:References
796:Waite Hill
520:degree in
339:(sister);
335:(father);
323:Democratic
278:1884-03-23
8526:Joy Harjo
8448:2020–2029
8120:2010–2019
7910:Sacagawea
7657:Mary Dyer
7625:2000–2009
7094:Mary Lyon
6950:1990–1999
6781:1980–1989
6590:1970–1979
6284:2010–2019
5183:2000–2009
4652:Hope Taft
3739:Rita Dove
3499:1990–1999
3386:June Hutt
2935:Fay Biles
2781:Zell Draz
2286:Doris Day
2057:1980–1989
1627:1970–1979
742:Tennessee
660:Article I
614:" judge.
507:Cleveland
481:Ashtabula
458:Cleveland
380:Signature
348:Education
329:Relatives
226:In office
172:In office
129:In office
110:In office
8521:Mia Hamm
3596:Maya Lin
2979:Ruby Dee
1464:Archived
814:See also
738:Kentucky
734:Michigan
689:feminist
596:Democrat
343:(cousin)
1476:at the
1433:at the
1251:2850599
1117:at the
774:during
691:leader
419:of the
100:of the
1380:about
1324:
1249:
740:, and
489:Berlin
314:, U.S.
308:Mentor
291:, U.S.
802:Honor
790:Death
477:Latin
473:Greek
8555:2024
8499:2022
8458:2020
8374:2019
8313:2017
8252:2015
8196:2013
8130:2011
8046:2009
7990:2007
7929:2005
7858:2003
7817:2002
7741:2001
7635:2000
7496:1998
7430:1996
7329:1995
7193:1994
7007:1993
6991:1991
6960:1990
6901:1988
6875:1986
6854:1984
6833:1983
6812:1982
6791:1981
6737:1979
6711:1976
6600:1973
6426:2011
6294:2010
6117:2009
5963:2008
5853:2007
5721:2003
5578:2002
5369:2001
5193:2000
4961:1999
4796:1998
4664:1997
4554:1996
4356:1995
4191:1994
4015:1993
3905:1992
3674:1991
3509:1990
3299:1989
3134:1988
2903:1986
2749:1985
2606:1984
2474:1983
2364:1982
2243:1981
2067:1980
1868:1979
1637:1978
1322:ISBN
1247:SSRN
1195:2011
1187:Life
730:Ohio
687:and
586:1919
560:and
511:Ohio
475:and
462:Ohio
445:Utah
312:Ohio
296:Died
289:Utah
268:Born
1237:doi
373:LLB
8632::
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1289:^
1245:.
1233:24
1231:.
1227:.
1185:.
1099:^
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992:^
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892:^
872:^
844:^
810:.
736:,
732:,
509:,
491:,
468:.
460:,
443:,
431:.
360:MA
358:,
356:BA
310:,
287:,
6569:e
6562:t
6555:v
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1600:t
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