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million, the orchestra's largest ever. This has led to suggestions of a conflict of interest, given Lewis' financial support for the
Cleveland Orchestra, questions regarding hasty and unprofessional handling of the Florida Philharmonic's financial problems, and his direct involvement in initiating Cleveland's residency in Miami during and after the Florida orchestra's collapse. Florida Philharmonic artistic adviser Julian Kreeger said that only "if one was paranoid" would one draw connections between Lewis and Cleveland's Miami residency. Others, including former musicians, assert that Lewis' motives when taking over the administrative leadership of the orchestra was to "kill the orchestra", paving the way for the Cleveland Orchestra's Miami-residency, which has financially proven quite fruitful for the Cleveland-based group.
254:), slated to break ground in 1998 and open sometime in 2003 or 2004. Due to several factors unrelated to the Philharmonic, initial groundbreaking for the $ 412 million PAC was delayed until 1999 and after demolition of what was left of the old Sears building, work began on the new performing arts center in ernest in 2001, and was beginning to take shape in 2003 more than a year after its intended resident ensemble (the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra) had dissolved, and the Carnival Center finally opened in late 2006 with a star-studded premiere minus the award-winning Florida Philharmonic Orchestra. and also with the announcement of its new resident ensemble, The Cleveland Orchestra.
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was imminent unless the community would produce $ 20 million. This approach to fundraising has been criticized as being excessively confrontational and unlikely to provide results as it could create an attitude of unwillingness to contribute to an organization whose bankruptcy was imminent anyway. Dan Lewis, however, has defended this step as necessary, citing time constraints and saying that "I feel good about what we did. I feel terrible about the outcome, but I think we did a good job."
208:, the music director of the Fort Lauderdale orchestra since 1963, continued as music director of the new orchestra until stepping down from the podium in 1986. At this early period in the orchestra's existence, the orchestra began seeking to compete on a national level for musicians and prestige, hiring British conductor James Judd as music director in May 1987 after his frequent guest appearances with the orchestra. At the beginning of his tenure, Judd expressed optimism for the future of
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the orchestra's salaries to catch up after pay freezes and concessions made by the musicians though harder economic times in the 1990s. The union's demands were derided by management attorney Susan Potter Norton as being based on "faulty logic". The musicians' union called a strike on
September 25, however during the strike the musicians continued to perform free community concerts on a volunteer-basis, not organized by the orchestra management.
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orchestra, with one former member of the orchestra stating that it would "definitely prevent Miami and South
Florida from having a symphony orchestra in the near future." Another former employee, this one a former artistic advisor to the orchestra, commented that "it discourages and maybe deters people from contributing the money necessary and the energy necessary to start to build a quality orchestra in Miami."
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197:, a relationship that remained intact until 2000 and which was a major source of operating revenue. In addition, the orchestra also consistently performed Tri-County educational concerts throughout its existence, providing hundreds of thousands of South Florida schoolchildren with access to learning about classical music with a world-class symphony orchestra.
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Lauderdale just south of
Sunrise Blvd, and which had also been the home of the Fort Lauderdale Symphony. This acoustically dreadful room would be the sole venue for Philharmonic rehearsals and would host scores of internationally renowned soloists and conductors. Initial performance venues included Fort Lauderdale's
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kind of money in that time frame." Odder still was that when the community failed to produce the sum within 10 days, Lewis announced that they actually only needed $ 4 million, but definitely within a week, leading to the appearance that the orchestra's management didn't have a clear grasp of what they were doing.
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Eyebrows have also been raised regarding orchestra chairman Daniel Lewis' April 22 fundraising-ultimatum, warning of the collapse of the orchestra if $ 20 million could not be produced imminently. One major donor to the South
Floridian arts community commented that "it was ridiculous to ask for that
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The collapse of the orchestra raised a number of suspicions regarding how the management of the orchestra reacted to its financial difficulties. Perhaps the most widely questioned piece of the controversy is the "ultimatum," issued by orchestra chairman Dan Lewis on April 22, stating that bankruptcy
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In the late 1990s Judd announced that the
Florida Philharmonic would be leaving its principal home in Fort Lauderdale and establishing itself as the resident ensemble of a soon-to-be-built performing arts center in downtown Miami, at that time dubbed the Miami PAC (later named the Carnival Center and
364:
The connection between the
Cleveland Orchestra and the South Florida classical community is personified by Daniel Lewis, a native of Cleveland. Lewis, while serving on the board of the Florida Philharmonic made unprecedented contributions to the Cleveland group, including a single donation of $ 10
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The management's last offer before what would have been the start of the 2000-01 season consisted of a 5 percent increase over one year. This was dismissed as "extremely disrespectful" by union representative Andrew
Lewinter, who further commented that after two years of surpluses, it was time for
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The period of time after the strike was marked by increasing economic difficulties. The
Philharmonic in 2001 announced efforts to fight off their financial woes, with pay concessions on the part of the musicians and cut-backs in the management structure, however this was quickly overshadowed by a
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Though the amount of money the orchestra required to continue operations was reduced to $ 4 million, Executive
Director Trey Devey said to the Sun-Sentinel that they had had "no significant progress" in reaching that amount. The orchestra's final concert was played on May 9, 2003, in Boca Raton,
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in 1982. Over the course of the Philharmonic's entire history, the orchestra (at its peak the largest performing arts organization in Florida, and the 20th largest orchestra in the US) rehearsed in a tiny rehearsal hall, dubbed Philharmonic Hall, that was situated on North Federal Highway in Fort
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The orchestra continued to grow in size, quality and prestige throughout the 1990s under the direction of Judd, who shared an amicable relationship with the musicians through much of his tenure. Audience sizes grew significantly, and international tours were discussed. However, nagging financial
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The financial predicament of the orchestra hit crisis mode in the spring of 2003. By this time, the orchestra's 80 musicians had already accepted a cut to salaries and benefits totaling $ 3.2 million in savings, but in April, the orchestra's chairman, Daniel R. Lewis, announced that unless the
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The cracks in Judd's relationship with the orchestra had turned into an abyss by this point, with management blaming Judd's "mildly adventurous" and expensive programming for declining box office performance, and the orchestra's successful attempt to revoke Judd's power to unilaterally dismiss
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editorial of May 15, 2003, pointed to managerial issues as significant to the overall collapse of the orchestra. Among these was how the financial difficulties seemed to catch the management by surprise, soaring with optimism one second, then the next announcing that "the end was near." The
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The Miami-residency of the Cleveland Orchestra, which was announced shortly after the collapse of the Florida Philharmonic, is also mentioned as an irritating factor insofar as diverting the community's donor base which should have been allocated to the reconstruction of a South Florida-based
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Florida. At the end of the concert, amidst tears among audience and orchestra members alike, and a thunderous applause that refused to end, Devey took the stage to plead for a "hero." Ninety minutes later, the orchestra announced that it was "terminating the employment" of its musicians.
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bankruptcy protection on May 14, 2003. Despite hopes of a possible re-organization of the orchestra, the Florida Philharmonic never emerged from bankruptcy. Hopes for reorganization were further stunted when the 10-year Miami residency of the Cleveland Orchestra was announced in 2007.
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The month-long strike ended after the orchestra accepted a 30 percent pay increase over five years, though many musicians expressed frustration for what they considered a "vote for surrender" on job security issues. The musical silence ended on October 26, 2000, with a program of
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orchestra could raise an additional $ 20 million, the orchestra could be facing bankruptcy by early May. The orchestra at this point had already retained a bankruptcy attorney, and some management officials were already announcing the imminent doom of the orchestra in the press.
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held by the Florida Philharmonic. The festival first occurred in July 1997, and was repeated in July every subsequent summer of the orchestra's existence. In addition to performances of Beethoven's musical works, the festival also featured
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music writer Lawrence A. Johnson suggesting that a strike was inevitable at this point given the ever-increasing tension within the organization through the 1990s. The primary point of debate was regarding the orchestra's
227:(recording dates Sep. 13 & 15, 1993). The album, released in August 1994, was declared the best Mahler recording of the year by the Gustav Mahler Society, as well as Recording of the Month for August 1994 by
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major change to the orchestra's staff in the later part of the year. In November 2001, the Florida Philharmonic's music director of nearly fifteen years, James Judd, announced his resignation by releasing a
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to the media. When asked about Judd's departure, Bob Levinson, chairman of the Philharmonic's board is quoted as having responded "It's news to me. You're telling me something I don't know."
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musicians who he considered not up to the task. His resignation came on the heels of the formation of an artistic committee which would share control with Judd over matters of programming.
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193:. In addition to its Tri-County subscription concerts, the Philharmonic continued the Fort Lauderdale Symphony's decades-old legacy serving as the resident pit orchestra of the
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Philharmonic suspends all performances; cash calamity forces orchestra to fire musicians, but not all hope is gone." South Florida Sun-Sentinel; May 10, 2003
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As part of the 2002 Beethoven by the Beach Festival, the Florida Philharmonic formed the Beethoven Festival Youth Orchestra. This youth ensemble, directed by FPO
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Contract negotiations during the summer of 2000 hit frequent sticking points, and tensions between the musicians and management hit an all-time high, with
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to form a multi-venue pops series that what would become the organization's greatest revenue-generating success: Peter Nero and Pops at the Philharmonic.
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271:, which were well below average. In 1991, music director James Judd argued that if management couldn't raise the musicians' salaries up to the level of
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Zink, Jack; "Struggling orchestra appeals for $ 20 million; only alternative is bankruptcy, chairman says"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Apr 23, 2003
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editorial also referenced constant rapid changes to the managerial staff as detrimental to establishing a real strategy for long-term growth.
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by 1993, then "there is a limit to what I can do for the orchestra." Nine years later in 2000, the orchestra was nowhere near that goal.
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Offer hits sour note; musicians go on strike, Philharmonic season in doubt"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Sep 25, 2000
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on July 7, 2002, as well as a side-by-side with the FPO on July 13, before the Florida Philharmonic's bankruptcy the following summer.
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basis" since August 1984. The new orchestra filled an artistic void in the South Florida area left after the collapse of the
27:
This article is about the most recent orchestra by this name. For the previous incarnation of the Florida Philharmonic, see
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James Judd was swiftly replaced on November 27, just seven days after his resignation, by veteran violinist and conductor
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struggles combined with disputes between the musicians and management led to increasing discord which culminated in a
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Veteran conductor to direct Philharmonic for two years"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Nov 27, 2001
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Smith, Tim; "Judd, Philharmonic of Florida could fill Dade's music needs", South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Nov 23, 1986
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Orchestra files for bankruptcy, hopes for bailout"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; May 15, 2003
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Music director takes on new job at Philharmonic"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Nov 28, 2001
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800:"; Andante; May 23, 2003 (originally printed in Sun-Sentinel as "Orchestra chief: no regrets"; May 22, 2003)
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Florida Philharmonic conductor calls it quits"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Nov 20, 2001
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142:). With approximately 80 full-time, tenured musicians, the orchestra was led for most of its existence by
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Lewinter, Andrew; "Orchestra just seeking to match peer group"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Oct 16, 2000
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Smith, Tim; "Philharmonic changing name: POOF it's gone"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Dec 13, 1990
180:. Though the orchestra was officially founded on February 15, 1985, the merger had existed on a "
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Meadows, Gail, "Philharmonic's financing story doesn't sound right", Miami Herald, May 15, 2003.
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Johnson, Lawrence; "Dissonance sounds from both sides"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Oct 22, 2000
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Smith, Tim; "Philharmonic selects new music director"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; May 5, 1987
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Zink, Jack; "Philharmonic starts season of healing"; South Florida Sun-Sentinel; Oct 24, 2000
156:. The orchestra folded after extensive financial problems, performing their last concert in
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Smith, Tim; "New maestro speaks with optimism," South Florida Sun-Sentinel; May 17, 1987
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In December 1990, the orchestra changed its name to the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra.
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The Florida Philharmonic made several critically acclaimed recordings, including
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The Philharmonic Orchestra of Florida ('POOF') was formed through a
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who would take the title of Acting Music Director for two seasons.
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Florida Philharmonic Chairman Defends Rapid Plunge into Bankruptcy
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Smith, Tim; "Lauderdale, Boca orchestras make merger official";
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Symphonie No1 En Re Majeur "Titan": discographie (in French)
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639:), Stereophile, September 6, 1994. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
747:, The Miami Herald, May 25, 2003. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
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Teetering Florida Philharmonic Seeks Money and Ideas
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Local 655, June 1, 2002. Accessed: October 14, 2008
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660:, Arsht Center press release, September 13, 2006.
633:"Recording of September 1994: Mahler: Symphony 1"
234:From 1991 to 2000, the orchestra engaged pianist
485:Carole and Barry Kaye Performing Arts Auditorium
473:Raymond F. Kravis Center for the Performing Arts
411:, and later expanded to include performances of
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356:Cleveland Orchestra and conflicts of interest
252:Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts
172:of two smaller South Florida orchestras, the
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814:Sunlight Could Burnish An Orchestra's Sound
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603:. Runs through 2014. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
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29:Florida Philharmonic Orchestra (1956–1982)
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834:"; Cleveland Magazine; June 2007 issue
767:"As funds disappear, so do orchestras"
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928:Musical groups disestablished in 2003
891:"History of the Florida Philharmonic"
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34:Disbanded American symphony orchestra
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862:4 seasons not on orchestra's program
923:Musical groups established in 1985
745:"FPO chief explains tragic ending"
423:Beethoven Festival Youth Orchestra
174:Fort Lauderdale Symphony Orchestra
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943:2003 disestablishments in Florida
881:, New York Times, April 14, 1997.
743:Chang, Daniel, and Gail Meadows,
524:Coral Springs Center for the Arts
109:Philharmonic Orchestra of Florida
67:Philharmonic Orchestra of Florida
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347:Controversy regarding bankruptcy
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612:Oregon Symphony News Releases,
434:, performed one concert at the
125:South Florida metropolitan area
938:1985 establishments in Florida
816:" New York Times; May 10, 2005
225:Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 1
101:Florida Philharmonic Orchestra
40:Florida Philharmonic Orchestra
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913:Disbanded American orchestras
879:"Word Spreads That Sells Art"
178:Boca Raton Symphony Orchestra
734:." Andante. April 22, 2003,
512:Miami-Dade County Auditorium
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186:Miami Philharmonic Orchestra
933:Orchestras based in Florida
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490:Florida Atlantic University
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107:, founded in 1985 as the
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338:The orchestra filed for
326:Collapse and bankruptcy
246:in the autumn of 2000.
191:War Memorial Auditorium
723:Markowitz, Michael. "
396:Beethoven by the Beach
391:Beethoven by the Beach
160:, FL, on May 9, 2003.
832:Harmony & Discord
492:Boca Raton, Florida.
477:West Palm Beach, FL.
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18:Florida Philharmonic
812:Wakin, Daniel J. "
528:Coral Springs, FL.
195:Florida Grand Opera
730:2004-03-09 at the
637:'Blumine' movement
619:2008-05-12 at the
320:Joseph Silverstein
212:in South Florida.
123:, and serving the
113:symphony orchestra
877:McDowell, Edwin;
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658:"Just Announced!"
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285:Beethoven's
258:2000 Strike
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536:References
340:chapter 11
236:Peter Nero
158:Boca Raton
154:James Judd
137:Palm Beach
129:Miami-Dade
417:composers
415:by other
216:The 1990s
147:conductor
115:based in
80:Disbanded
46:Orchestra
728:Archived
617:Archived
405:lectures
182:de facto
176:and the
140:counties
111:) was a
88:Location
429:violist
164:History
144:British
133:Broward
121:Florida
72:Founded
635:(with
445:Venues
244:strike
170:merger
135:, and
413:works
409:films
288:Fifth
269:wages
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