58:
228:. It is very effective at completely eliminating beaver damming of a culvert. It works in three ways. First, the perimeter of the trapezoidal fence is typically 40–50 feet (12–15 m) long, making it difficult for a beaver to dam the entire fence. Second, as beavers try to dam the culvert, the fence forces them to dam in a direction away from the culvert, which is not in their nature. Third, as they dam farther out on the fence, the opening of the stream into which it flows gets wider. Therefore, the damming stimuli of the sound and feel of moving water decrease the farther they dam on the fence. If the sides of the fence are at least 12 feet (3.7 m) long, the beavers will generally leave the fence alone.
69:
19:
159:
49:. Beaver-related flooding issues can usually be resolved with properly designed and installed water control devices, also known as flow devices. Flow devices are either specially designed pipes installed through beaver dams, or pipe and/or fence systems that protect road culverts from being blocked. The beneficial effects of beavers on stream flow, riparian habitat, salmon and trout, and wetland creation can be sustained with application of these inexpensive technologies, which require little maintenance.
167:
142:, a device that prevented beavers from damming areas of concern by directing water through existing dams using a strategically designed pipe system. Over the years, these designs have been modified and improved in order to address flow problems that occur in a variety of different landscapes. The most recent innovations in flow devices combine fencing techniques which exclude beaver with pipe systems which do deceive beavers.
241:
installed through the culvert fence. The Fence and Pipe flow device needs very little maintenance and limits where and how high the beavers can dam; however, to be most effective, the intake end of the pipe should usually sit in at least 3 feet (91 cm) of water. When this water depth is not possible, a simple
Culvert Protective Fence may be the best option.
207:
A culvert pipe under a road is a common target for beaver damming because the constriction speeds up the current and may resemble a hole in a dam. With a little work, a beaver can quickly plug a culvert with mud and sticks, and turn the entire roadbed into a large dam. Highway
Departments often spend
79:
Beavers faced near extinction from unregulated trapping across North
America during the early to mid-nineteenth century. This caused widespread environmental damage including the drying up of many streams and rivers formerly sustained by the high water tables associated with beaver dams. In addition,
198:
The pond level is controlled by the height of the pipe in the dam. Since beavers depend on water for their survival, the more a beaver pond is lowered with a pipe, the more likely it is that the beavers will try to build a new dam to return the water to its previous high level. In addition, the more
231:
To be effective, however, a culvert fence must be surrounded by enough water that the beavers will need to dam the entire fence perimeter. In areas where the stream bed is narrow rather than wide, the fence must be narrow so that it is surrounded by water. Being narrow loses one advantage of the
240:
Combining a small culvert Fence with a Pond
Leveler Pipe is another effective method to protect culverts from beaver damming. The culvert fence is made small enough to encourage the beavers to dam on it, but the resulting pond is prevented from rising to a dangerous level by a Pond Leveler Pipe
84:
which increase biodiversity and improve water quality by removing sediment and pollutants. In fire-prone areas, beaver ponds serve as fire breaks. Salmon and trout easily cross beaver dams and scientific evidence shows that fish size and fish populations are larger when beaver are present. A
232:
trapezoidal shape, but it can still deter beavers from damming the culvert. Since beavers are excellent diggers, a fence floor is usually needed to prevent beaver tunneling under the fence. The fence walls need only be 24 inches (61 cm) above the water line since beavers do not climb.
195:) achieve this by protecting the intake end of the pipe with a cylindrical fence enclosure. A beaver swimming along the outside of the fence enclosure is unable to hear or feel the flow of water into the pipe and cannot reach it to block it.
179:
Beavers diligently plug leaks in their dams because their survival depends upon the cover provided by the water in their pond. If a beaver can detect the flow of pond water into a pipe, it will plug the pipe with mud and sticks.
41:
open. Traditional solutions have involved the trapping and removal of all the beavers in an area. While this is sometimes necessary, it is typically a short-lived solution as beavers have rapidly recolonize suitable habitat.
149:
found that for every $ 1 spent on flow-device installation relative to historical preventive maintenance, road repairs, and beaver population control activities, $ 8 was saved, for a return on investment of nearly 8:1.
125:
In 1952, the concept of installing perforated pipes in dams was introduced to control water levels at the
Northeastern Wildlife Conference as a solution for problem beaver ponds. In 1963, Laramie reported that the
199:
a beaver pond is lowered, the more valuable wetland acreage is lost. Therefore, it is important to lower a beaver pond only enough to resolve the threat to human health, safety, or property.
327:
131:
57:
759:
Report on the
Efficacy and Comparative Costs of Using Flow Devices to Resolve Conflicts with North American Beavers along Roadways in the Coastal Plain of Virginia
145:
A 2006 survey found that trapping as a solution to beaver problems had a 79% failure rate within two years due to resettlement by new beavers. A 2006 study by the
758:
721:
134:
began designing and testing various culvert protection devices, of which the T-culvert guard was the most effective and cost-beneficial. In 1992,
127:
453:
399:
146:
395:"Geomorphic changes upstream of beaver dams in Bridge Creek, an incised stream channel in the interior Columbia River basin, eastern Oregon"
342:
68:
830:
795:
289:
651:
183:
To be successful, a beaver dam pipe must eliminate the sound and feel of water flowing into the pipe. Successful pipe designs (e.g.
33:-related flooding problems. Flow devices are relatively cost-effective, low-maintenance solutions that regulate the water level of
765:
688:
18:
45:
The most common beaver-related flooding issues that people encounter are caused by blocked road culverts or freestanding
924:
933:
609:
102:
297:
505:
532:
769:
658:
732:
158:
89:, beavers create habitat for numerous other species, as exemplified by ponds in Martinez, California, by a
803:
166:
831:
Students
Construct "Beaver Deceiver" at Cimarron Canyon State Park to Prevent Flooding, Protect Wetlands
30:
837:
408:
220:(a trapezoidal shaped culvert fence) was invented by Skip Lisle in the 1990s while working for the
807:
953:
590:
558:
Leighton, R. S.; J. A. Lee (1952). "A technique to control water levels in beaver impoundments".
486:
426:
367:
301:
135:
637:
Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
449:
948:
700:
582:
478:
416:
221:
90:
86:
73:
72:
Re-opening beaver dam to install pipe leveler to regulate height of beaver pond in downtown
890:
928:
662:
94:
610:"The use of the T-culvert guard to protect road culverts from plugging damage by beavers"
412:
867:
62:
942:
430:
208:
significant amounts of time and money repeatedly clearing beaver dams from culverts.
162:
Before: Culvert fence and pond leveler pipe system installed with beaver pond drained
110:
859:
934:
Beavers: Wetlands & Wildlife (BWW) information on solutions to beaver problems
722:"Solving Beaver Flooding Problems through the Use of Water Flow Control Devices"
328:"Hydrologic and geomorphic effects of beaver dams and their influence on fishes"
273:
Michael
Callahan (April 2005). "Best Management Solutions for Beaver Problems".
130:
had successfully installed and maintained beaver pipes in 46 dams. In 1978, the
46:
34:
921:
689:"The Evolution of Flow Devices Used to Reduce Flooding by Beavers: A Review"
469:
Gard R (1961). "Effects of beaver on trout in
Sagehen Creek, California".
170:
After: Culvert fence and pond leveler pipe after beaver re-build their dam
573:
Henry A. Laramie (July 1963). "A Device for Control of Problem Beavers".
594:
490:
81:
38:
661:: The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from
635:
G. W. Wood; L. A. Woodward (1992). "The Clemson beaver pond leveler".
22:
Trapezoidal protective fence installed after re-opening dammed culvert
421:
394:
705:
586:
482:
225:
165:
157:
67:
56:
17:
393:
Michael M. Pollock; Timothy J. Beechie; Chris E. Jordan (2007).
533:"Beavers and More in Martinez:New Habitat Thanks to Beavers"
290:"Officials forming new plan to counter troublesome beavers"
326:
Pollock, Michael M.; Morgan Heim; Danielle Werner (2003).
258:
Michael Callahan (April 2003). "Beaver Management Study".
61:
River otter standing on beaver pond flow device in urban
132:
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
922:
Worth a Dam non-profit foundation for beaver education
614:
Proceedings Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference
448:. Victoria, British Columbia: Touchwood. p. 288.
93:in 2007. This led to the return of numerous birds,
368:"Beaver Dams Create Healthy Downstream Ecosystems"
275:Association of Massachusetts Wetland Scientists
8:
860:"Deception key to thwarting beavers' damage"
560:Proceedings Northeastern Wildlife Conference
729:Proceedings 22nd Vertebrate Pest Conference
704:
420:
321:
319:
796:"AVIS is deceiving troublesome beavers"
250:
128:New Hampshire Fish and Game Department
400:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
147:Virginia Department of Transportation
7:
335:American Fisheries Society Symposium
14:
794:Bethany Bray (February 4, 2010).
687:Taylor, JD; RD Singleton (2013).
757:Stephanie L. Boyles (May 2006).
288:Richard Gaines (March 8, 2007).
652:The Clemson Beaver Pond Leveler
829:Pat Walsh (October 31, 2008).
766:Christopher Newport University
575:Journal of Wildlife Management
471:Journal of Wildlife Management
1:
889:Bob Rauseo (September 2006).
236:Fence and pipe culvert system
446:Three Against the Wilderness
140:Clemson Beaver Pond Leveler
970:
29:are man-made solutions to
864:Lubbock Avalanche-Journal
693:Wildlife Society Bulletin
531:Nicola DeRobertis-Theye.
341:: 213–233. Archived from
298:Gloucester, Massachusetts
212:Culvert protective fences
840:: New Mexico State Parks
650:B.K. Webb (March 1994).
720:Laura J. Simon (2006).
659:Clemson, South Carolina
222:Penobscot Indian Nation
804:Andover, Massachusetts
539:. Bay Nature Institute
512:. Bay Nature Institute
294:Gloucester Daily Times
171:
163:
76:
65:
23:
608:K. J. Roblee (1987).
504:Aleta George (2008).
444:Eric Collier (1959).
185:Flexible Pond Leveler
169:
161:
71:
60:
21:
838:Cimarron, New Mexico
775:on February 23, 2012
738:on February 23, 2012
668:on February 15, 2010
193:Clemson Pond Leveler
74:Martinez, California
810:on January 17, 2013
413:2007ESPL...32.1174P
304:on January 24, 2013
99:Oncorhynchus mykiss
927:2017-02-02 at the
891:"Beaver Solutions"
506:"Martinez Beavers"
203:Culvert protection
172:
164:
136:Clemson University
77:
66:
24:
870:. August 31, 1997
455:978-1-894898-54-6
107:Lontra canadensis
91:new beaver colony
961:
909:
908:
906:
904:
895:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
835:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
806:. Archived from
800:Andover Townsman
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
774:
768:. Archived from
763:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
737:
731:. Archived from
726:
717:
711:
710:
708:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
667:
656:
647:
641:
640:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
605:
599:
598:
570:
564:
563:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
528:
522:
521:
519:
517:
501:
495:
494:
466:
460:
459:
441:
435:
434:
424:
422:10.1002/esp.1553
407:(8): 1174–1185.
390:
384:
383:
381:
379:
364:
358:
357:
355:
353:
347:
332:
323:
314:
313:
311:
309:
300:. Archived from
285:
279:
278:
270:
264:
263:
255:
175:Beaver dam pipes
87:keystone species
969:
968:
964:
963:
962:
960:
959:
958:
939:
938:
929:Wayback Machine
918:
913:
912:
902:
900:
893:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
833:
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
793:
792:
788:
778:
776:
772:
761:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
735:
724:
719:
718:
714:
706:10.1002/wsb.363
686:
685:
681:
671:
669:
665:
654:
649:
648:
644:
634:
633:
629:
619:
617:
607:
606:
602:
587:10.2307/3798522
572:
571:
567:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
530:
529:
525:
515:
513:
503:
502:
498:
483:10.2307/3797848
468:
467:
463:
456:
443:
442:
438:
392:
391:
387:
377:
375:
366:
365:
361:
351:
349:
348:on July 7, 2011
345:
330:
325:
324:
317:
307:
305:
287:
286:
282:
272:
271:
267:
260:AMWS Newsletter
257:
256:
252:
247:
238:
218:Beaver Deceiver
214:
205:
177:
156:
123:
109:) in 2008, and
95:steelhead trout
80:beavers create
55:
12:
11:
5:
967:
965:
957:
956:
951:
941:
940:
937:
936:
931:
917:
916:External links
914:
911:
910:
898:Shawsheen Trib
881:
868:Lubbock, Texas
851:
821:
786:
749:
712:
679:
642:
627:
600:
581:(3): 471–476.
565:
550:
523:
496:
477:(3): 221–242.
461:
454:
436:
385:
374:. June 6, 2006
359:
315:
280:
265:
249:
248:
246:
243:
237:
234:
213:
210:
204:
201:
176:
173:
155:
152:
138:developed the
122:
119:
63:Alhambra Creek
54:
51:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
966:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
935:
932:
930:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
899:
892:
885:
882:
869:
865:
861:
855:
852:
839:
832:
825:
822:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
771:
767:
760:
753:
750:
734:
730:
723:
716:
713:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
683:
680:
664:
660:
653:
646:
643:
638:
631:
628:
615:
611:
604:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
569:
566:
561:
554:
551:
538:
534:
527:
524:
511:
507:
500:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
462:
457:
451:
447:
440:
437:
432:
428:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
389:
386:
373:
369:
363:
360:
344:
340:
336:
329:
322:
320:
316:
303:
299:
295:
291:
284:
281:
276:
269:
266:
261:
254:
251:
244:
242:
235:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
202:
200:
196:
194:
190:
189:Castor Master
186:
181:
174:
168:
160:
153:
151:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
118:
116:
115:Neogale vison
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
75:
70:
64:
59:
52:
50:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
903:February 10,
901:. Retrieved
897:
884:
874:February 10,
872:. Retrieved
863:
854:
844:February 10,
842:. Retrieved
824:
814:February 10,
812:. Retrieved
808:the original
799:
789:
779:February 11,
777:. Retrieved
770:the original
752:
742:February 11,
740:. Retrieved
733:the original
728:
715:
696:
692:
682:
672:February 10,
670:. Retrieved
663:the original
645:
636:
630:
620:February 11,
618:. Retrieved
613:
603:
578:
574:
568:
559:
553:
541:. Retrieved
536:
526:
514:. Retrieved
509:
499:
474:
470:
464:
445:
439:
404:
398:
388:
376:. Retrieved
372:ScienceDaily
371:
362:
350:. Retrieved
343:the original
338:
334:
308:February 10,
306:. Retrieved
302:the original
293:
283:
274:
268:
259:
253:
239:
230:
217:
215:
206:
197:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
144:
139:
124:
114:
106:
98:
78:
44:
27:Flow devices
26:
25:
15:
699:: 127–133.
543:November 6,
516:November 6,
378:February 6,
352:January 17,
117:) in 2009.
103:river otter
47:beaver dams
35:beaver dams
943:Categories
836:(Report).
764:(Report).
657:(Report).
639:: 179–187.
537:Bay Nature
510:Bay Nature
245:References
53:Background
954:Fur trade
431:129844314
37:and keep
925:Archived
277:: 12–14.
262:: 12–15.
82:wetlands
39:culverts
949:Beavers
616:: 25–33
595:3798522
491:3797848
409:Bibcode
154:Methods
121:History
593:
562:: 1–4.
489:
452:
429:
31:beaver
894:(PDF)
834:(PDF)
773:(PDF)
762:(PDF)
736:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
666:(PDF)
655:(PDF)
591:JSTOR
487:JSTOR
427:S2CID
346:(PDF)
331:(PDF)
226:Maine
905:2010
876:2010
846:2010
816:2010
781:2010
744:2010
674:2010
622:2010
545:2009
518:2009
450:ISBN
380:2010
354:2010
310:2010
216:The
111:mink
701:doi
583:doi
479:doi
417:doi
224:in
101:),
945::
896:.
866:.
862:.
802:.
798:.
727:.
697:38
695:.
691:.
612:.
589:.
579:27
577:.
535:.
508:.
485:.
475:25
473:.
425:.
415:.
405:32
403:.
397:.
370:.
339:37
337:.
333:.
318:^
296:.
292:.
191:,
187:,
907:.
878:.
848:.
818:.
783:.
746:.
709:.
703::
676:.
624:.
597:.
585::
547:.
520:.
493:.
481::
458:.
433:.
419::
411::
382:.
356:.
312:.
113:(
105:(
97:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
