288:, increasing the area at the rear of the aircraft when viewed from the side. When combined with sweepback and washout, it can resolve another problem. With a conventional elliptical lift distribution the downgoing elevon causes increased induced drag that causes the aircraft to yaw out of the turn ("adverse yaw"). Washout angles the net aerodynamic vector (lift plus drag) forwards as the angle of attack reduces and, in the extreme, this can create a net forward thrust. The restoration of outer lift by the elevon creates a slight induced thrust for the rear (outer) section of the wing during the turn. This vector essentially pulls the trailing wing forward to cause "proverse yaw", creating a naturally coordinated turn. In his 1913 lecture to the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain, Dunne described the effect as "tangential gain". The existence of proverse yaw was not proved until NASA flew its
40:
572:
370:
811:
efficiency, while the high-speed wing would have a thin, sharp-edged airfoil and a shorter span for low drag at supersonic speed. The craft would take off and land with the low-speed wing across the airflow, then rotate a quarter-turn so that the high-speed wing faces the airflow for supersonic travel. NASA has funded a study of the proposal. The design is claimed to offer low wave drag, high subsonic efficiency and reduced sonic boom.
157:
803:
1719:
504:
1729:
387:
326:. An upper surface spoiler that also acts to reduce lift (equivalent to deflecting an aileron upwards), so causing the aircraft to bank in the direction of the turn—the angle of roll causes the wing lift to act in the direction of turn, reducing the amount of drag required to turn the aircraft's longitudinal axis.
606:, being first reportedly flown in March 1944. V2 was piloted by Erwin Ziller, who was killed when a flameout in one of its engines led to a crash. Plans were made to produce the type as the Gotha Go 229 during the closing stages of the conflict. Despite intentions to develop the Go 229 and an improved
480:
became possible. Men like
Chizhevskij and Antonov also came into the spotlight of the Communist Party by designing aircraft like the tailless BOK-5 (Chizhevskij) and OKA-33 (the first ever built by Antonov) which were designated as "motorized gliders" due to their similarity to popular gliders of the
265:
The aspect ratio of a swept wing as seen in the direction of the airflow depends on the yaw angle relative to the airflow. Yaw increases the aspect ratio of the leading wing and reduces that of the trailing one. With sufficient sweep-back, differential induced drag resulting from the tip vortices and
448:
design, intended to seat passengers within a thick wing, but two years later the Allied
Aeronautical Commission of Control ordered the incomplete JG1 destroyed for exceeding postwar size limits on German aircraft. Junkers conceived futuristic flying wings for up to 1,000 passengers; the nearest this
527:, a scale prototype for a long-range bomber, first flew in 1940. In 1941 Northrop was awarded a development contract to build 2 examples of the YB-35 flying wing, a very large 4 engined flying wing with a span of 172'. Development and construction of this aircraft continued throughout World War II.
209:
Because it lacks conventional stabilizing surfaces and the associated control surfaces, in its purest form the flying wing suffers from the inherent disadvantages of being unstable and difficult to control. These compromises are difficult to reconcile, and efforts to do so can reduce or even negate
810:
The bi-directional flying wing is a variable-geometry concept comprising a long-span subsonic wing and a short-span supersonic wing, joined in the form of an unequal cross. Proposed in 2011, the low-speed wing would have a thick, rounded airfoil able to contain the payload and a long span for high
238:
A wing that is made deep enough to contain the pilot, engines, fuel, undercarriage and other necessary equipment will have an increased frontal area, when compared with a conventional wing and long-thin fuselage. This can actually result in higher drag and thus lower efficiency than a conventional
257:
Flying wings lack anywhere to attach an efficient vertical stabilizer or fin. Any fin must attach directly on to the rear part of the wing, giving a small moment arm from the aerodynamic centre, which in turn means that the fin is inefficient and to be effective the fin area must be large. Such a
687:
On
February 9, 1949, it was flown from Edwards Air Force Base in California, to Andrews Air Force Base, near Washington, D.C., for President Harry Truman's air power demonstration. The flight was made in four hours and 20 minutes, setting a transcontinental speed record. The YB-49 presented some
330:
A consequence of the differential drag method is that if the aircraft maneuvers frequently then it will frequently create drag. So flying wings are at their best when cruising in still air: in turbulent air or when changing course, the aircraft may be less efficient than a conventional design.
763:
relies on shapes that reflect radar waves only in certain directions, thus making the aircraft hard to detect unless the radar receiver is at a specific position relative to the aircraft—a position that changes continuously as the aircraft moves. This approach eventually led to the
688:
minor lateral stability problems that were being rectified by a new autopilot system, when the bomber version was cancelled in favour of the much larger but slower B-36. A reconnaissance version continued in development for some time but the aircraft did not enter production.
563:
glider, which was produced in low numbers between 1941 and 1943. Several other late-war German military designs were based on the flying wing concept, or variations of it, as a proposed solution to extend the range of otherwise very short-range of aircraft powered by early
320:. A spoiler surface in the upper wing skin is raised, to disrupt the airflow and increase drag. This effect is generally accompanied by a loss of lift, which must be compensated for either by the pilot or by design features that automatically compensate.
239:
design. Typically the solution adopted in this case is to keep the wing reasonably thin, and the aircraft is then fitted with an assortment of blisters, pods, nacelles, fins, and so forth to accommodate all the needs of a practical aircraft.
349:
Many hang gliders and microlight aircraft are tailless. Although sometimes referred to as flying wings, these types carry the pilot (and engine where fitted) below the wing structure rather than inside it, and so are not true flying wings.
751:
aircraft during the 1950s, military interest in the flying wing was quickly curtailed, as the concept of adopting a thick wing that accommodated the crew and equipment directly conflicted with the optimal thin wing for supersonic flight.
258:
large fin has weight and drag penalties, and can negate the advantages of the flying wing. The problem can be minimized by increasing the wing sweepback and placing twin fins outboard near the tips, as for example in a low-aspect-ratio
92:
design configuration for a fixed wing aircraft. However, because it lacks conventional stabilizing surfaces and the associated control surfaces, in its purest form the flying wing suffers from being unstable and difficult to control.
683:
Initially, the design did not offer a great advantage in range compared to slower piston bomber designs, primarily due to the high fuel consumption of the early turbojets, however, it broke new ground in speed for a large aircraft.
558:
were keen proponents of the flying wing configuration, developing their own designs around it - uniquely for the time using
Prandtl's birdlike "bell-shaped lift distribution". One such aircraft they produced was the
614:, no Gotha-built Go 229s or P.60s were ever completed. The unflown, nearly completed surviving "V3," or third prototype was captured by American forces and sent back for study; it has ended up in storage at the
217:
Further difficulties arise from the problem of fitting the pilot, engines, flight equipment, and payload all within the depth of the wing section. Other known problems with the flying wing design relate to
1503:
108:
made advances in developing flying wings. Military interest in the flying wing waned during the 1950s with the development of supersonic aircraft, but was renewed in the 1980s due to their potential for
457:
airliner, which featured a large thick-chord wing providing space for fuel, engines, and two passenger cabins. However, it still required a short fuselage to house the crew and additional passengers.
580:
307:
One solution to the control problem is differential drag: the drag near one wing tip is artificially increased, causing the aircraft to yaw in the direction of that wing. Typical methods include:
242:
The problem becomes more acute at supersonic speeds, where the drag of a thick wing rises sharply and it is essential for the wing to be made thin. No supersonic flying wing has ever been built.
500:
developed a series of flying wing gliders through the 1930s. The H1 glider was flown with partial success in 1933, and the subsequent H2 flown successfully in both glider and powered variants.
676:
long-range bomber begun in 1941, had continued throughout the war with pre-production machines flying in 1946. This was superseded the next year by conversion of the type to jet power as the
652:. First flown on 13 November 1947, the A.W.52 yielded disappointing results; the first prototype crashed without loss of life on 30 May 1949, the occasion being the first emergency use of an
625:, a one-third scale development aircraft for a proposed long-range bomber; several were produced, all but one were scrapped following the bomber programme's termination. In Britain, the
1560:
621:
The Allies also made several relevant advances in the field using a conventional elliptical lift distribution with vertical tail surfaces. During
December 1942, Northrop flew the
405:
was an early pioneer, his swept-wing biplane and monoplane designs displayed inherent stability as early as 1910. His work directly influenced several other designers, including
202:
efficient (lowest drag) design configuration for a fixed wing aircraft. It also would offer high structural efficiency for a given wing depth, leading to light weight and high
1688:
1629:
1588:
783:. There has been continual interest in using it in the large transport role where the wing is deep enough to hold cargo or passengers. A number of companies, including
1256:
1029:
1150:
772:
bomber. In this case, the aerodynamic advantages of the flying wing are not the primary reasons for the design's adoption. However, modern computer-controlled
436:
in regular service. He believed that the flying wing's potentially large internal volume and low drag made it an obvious design for this role. His deep-chord
776:
systems allow for many of the aerodynamic drawbacks of the flying wing to be minimized, making for an efficient and effectively stable long-range bomber.
300:
In some flying wing designs, any stabilizing fins and associated control rudders would be too far forward to have much effect, thus alternative means for
699:
referred to the BICh-26 as being ahead of its time. However, the aeroplane was not accepted by the Soviet military and the design died with
Cheranovsky.
314:. The top surface moves up while the lower surface moves down. Splitting the aileron on one side induces yaw by creating a differential air brake effect.
1755:
187:, with its crew, payload, fuel, and equipment housed inside the main wing structure. A flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods,
66:, with its crew, payload, fuel, and equipment housed inside the main wing structure. A flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods,
96:
The basic flying wing configuration became an object of significant study during the 1920s, often in conjunction with other tailless designs. In the
1348:
1196:
1423:
464:
began testing tailless flying wing gliders in 1924. After the 1920s, Soviet designers such as
Cheranovsky worked independently and in secret under
269:
A complementary approach uses twist or wash-out, reducing the angle of attack towards the wing tips, together with a swept-back wing planform. The
262:, but given the corresponding reduction in efficiency many flying wings have gentler sweepback and consequently have, at best, marginal stability.
2107:
2025:
1564:
2048:
1724:
629:
glider was flown during wartime; it was a one-third scale experimental aircraft intended to test out the configuration for potential
277:
published it in 1913. The wash-out reduces lift at the tips to create a bell-shaped distribution curve across the span, described by
2184:
2164:
2142:
1980:
1792:
1407:
1297:
930:
1696:
77:
Similar aircraft designs, that are not technically flying wings, are sometimes casually referred to as such. These types include
2200:
1938:
1777:
550:, aerodynamic issues became sufficiently understood for work on a range of production-representative prototypes to commence. In
827:
703:
1637:
1585:
2087:
843:
710:
tailless glider during 1948. Multiple
British manufacturers also explored the concept at this time. Early proposals for the
2227:
1608:
Pelletier, Alan J (September–October 1996). "Towards the Ideal
Aircraft: The Life and Times of the Flying Wing, Part Two".
1270:
2261:
1098:
165:
214:. Moreover, solutions may produce a final design that is still too unsafe for certain uses, such as commercial aviation.
2256:
657:
428:
patented his own wing-only air transport concept in 1910, seeing it as a natural solution to the problem of building an
129:
2211:
2058:
Pelletier, Alain J. "Towards the Ideal
Aircraft? The Life and Times of the Flying Wing Part One: Beginnings to 1945".
1676:
Toward Zero Sonic-Boom and High Efficiency Supersonic Flight: A Novel Concept of Supersonic Bi-Directional Flying Wing
765:
461:
421:, the Pterodactyl programme was ultimately cancelled during the mid 1930s before any order for the Mk. VI was issued.
353:
An aircraft of sharply swept delta planform and deep centre section represents a borderline case between flying wing,
169:
114:
1844:
1474:
645:
637:
1818:
414:
1188:
1907:
695:, became one of the first attempts to produce a supersonic jet flying wing aircraft in 1948; aviation author
1751:
819:
615:
120:
bomber. There has been continual interest in using it in the large transport roles for cargo or passengers.
851:
641:
485:
at the Ninth Glider Competitions in 1933, but was not demonstrated in the 1936 summer Olympics in Berlin.
105:
31:
2251:
2000:
1431:
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839:
831:
823:
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There has been continual interest in the flying wing for large transport roles for cargo or passengers.
692:
473:
317:
251:
39:
1675:
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875:
702:
Several other nations also opted to undertake flying wing projects. Turkey was one such country, the
477:
469:
1849:
822:(UAVs) featuring the flying wing have been produced. Nations have typically used such platforms for
1322:
863:
792:
737:
571:
285:
192:
89:
71:
59:
44:
896:
760:
648:, an all-metal jet-powered model capable of high speeds for the era; great attention was paid to
493:
110:
602:) prototype airframe; as such, it was the world's first pure flying wing to be powered by twin
2180:
2160:
2138:
2103:
2083:
2065:
2021:
1986:
1976:
1879:
1874:
1525:
Gunston, Bill. "The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995". London, Osprey. 1995.
1403:
1303:
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964:
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time. The BICh-11, developed by Cheranovsky in 1932, competed with the Horten brothers H1 and
418:
410:
398:
354:
227:
140:
125:
78:
56:
640:
G of 1944 was a glider test bed for a proposed large flying wing airliner capable of serving
956:
890:
769:
725:, also explored several flying wing arrangements, although the final design had a fuselage.
718:
595:
547:
468:. With significant breakthrough in materials and construction methods, aircraft such as the
117:
1088:"History of aircraft construction in the USSR" by V.B. Shavrov, Vol. 1 p. 431 (with images)
1872:
Broadbent, Mark (January 2013). "NEUROn Become's Europe's First Stealth Aircraft to Fly".
1592:
847:
835:
555:
497:
369:
343:
223:
219:
203:
156:
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Due to the practical need for a deep wing, the flying wing concept is mostly adopted for
445:
2060:
1610:
715:
677:
673:
531:
508:
433:
391:
301:
278:
211:
1349:"Desperate for victory, the Nazis built an aircraft that was all wing. It didn't work"
496:
worked first on tailless types before progressively moving to flying wings, while the
339:
Some related aircraft that are not strictly flying wings have been described as such.
284:
Another solution is to angle or crank the wing tip sections downward with significant
281:
in 1933, and this can be used to optimise weight and drag for a given amount of lift.
2245:
2152:
1930:
880:
653:
622:
611:
607:
587:
576:
524:
520:
516:
482:
406:
374:
346:, still have a tail stabilizer mounted on tail booms, although they lack a fuselage.
161:
2206:
1004:"On Wings of the Minimum Induced Drag: Spanload Implications for Aircraft and Birds"
377:
flew during the last days of World War II and was the first jet powered flying wing.
210:
the expected advantages of the flying wing design, such as reductions in weight and
1964:
1548:
885:
802:
722:
696:
649:
551:
450:
425:
358:
199:
101:
97:
82:
1123:"History of aircraft construction in the USSR" by V.B. Shavrov, Vol.1 pp. 547–548.
859:
855:
773:
711:
630:
560:
441:
402:
274:
1516:"History of aircraft construction in the USSR" by V.B. Shavrov, Vol. 2. p. 114.
1143:
1102:
755:
Interest in flying wings was renewed in the 1980s due to their potentially low
538:
glider flown in 1937. featuring a self-stabilizing airfoil on a straight wing.
432:
large enough to carry a reasonable passenger load and enough fuel to cross the
417:, during the 1920s and early 1930s. Despite attempts to pursue orders from the
1231:
1003:
748:
626:
603:
565:
259:
2069:
1990:
1883:
968:
2018:
Aircraft Systems: Mechanical, Electrical and Avionics Subsystems Integration
437:
323:
311:
289:
270:
184:
176:
17:
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401:
have been experimented with since the earliest attempts to fly. Britain's
815:
796:
741:
429:
180:
133:
63:
590:
jet fighter prototype first flew in 1944. It combined a flying wing, or
1819:"Solar Drones Are Filling the Skies, But There's Still No Clear Winner"
1287:
1163:
Hor ten. H-II Both glider and powered version - (see figures 19 and 20)
669:
503:
489:
188:
67:
1793:"General Electric and Northrop Grumman Will Put a Drone on Every Boat"
944:
960:
784:
729:
707:
465:
198:
A clean flying wing is sometimes presented as theoretically the most
121:
799:
to date; however, no such airliners have yet been built as of 2023.
834:. Civilian companies have also experimented with UAVs, such as the
1897:
1232:"Experimental Flight Validation of the Prandtl 1933 Bell Spanload"
925:, third edition, p. 224. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
801:
756:
570:
502:
385:
368:
155:
38:
1898:"Russia's attack drone prototype to start test flights this year"
250:
For any aircraft to fly without constant correction it must have
1902:
386:
656:
by a British pilot. The second A.W.52 remained flying with the
2035:
O'Leary, Michael (June 2007). "The Shape of Wings to Come".
530:
Other 1930s examples of true flying wings include Frenchman
266:
crossflow is sufficient to naturally re-align the aircraft.
1561:"Alliott Verdon Roe official web site - Avro Vulcan sketch"
394:
bomber prototype began its development during World War II.
27:
Tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage
1967:(1996). "Beyond the Frontiers: Northrop's Flying Wings".
1144:"Technical Report No. 76-45 on. Horten Tailless Aircraft"
668:
Projects continued to examine the flying wing during the
444:
in December 1915. In 1919 he started work on his "Giant"
85:
aircraft, which have a fuselage and no definite wings.
2041:. Vol. 35, no. 6, Issue 410. pp. 65–68.
1534:
Kılıç,M. 2009. Uçan Kanat, THK basımevi, Ankara, p. 5.
440:
wing was incorporated in the otherwise conventional
2238:, No. 3, March 1942. pp. 14–15, 190, 192-193.
1931:"MoD lifts lid on unmanned combat plane prototype"
984:Dunne, J.W.; "The Theory of the Dunne Aeroplane",
744:; however, no such airliners have yet been built.
136:; however, no such airliners have yet been built.
644:routes. The A.W.52G was later followed up by the
143:. No supersonic flying wing has ever been built.
1720:"RQ-170 Has Links to Intelligence Loss to China"
795:, have undertaken design studies on flying wing
579:V3, unrestored as of 2007, at the Smithsonian's
1845:"Airbus, Facebook Partner on HAPS Connectivity"
226:. Pitch issues are discussed in the article on
88:A pure flying wing is theoretically the lowest-
2020:, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,
740:have undertaken design studies on flying wing
132:have undertaken design studies on flying wing
2179:. Buena Park, CA: Planes Of Fame Publishers.
1650:
949:Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
523:independently worked on his own designs. The
273:incorporated this principle and its designer
8:
2159:. Enderby, Leicester, UK: Silverdale Books.
1778:"Northrop Grumman wins DARPA TERN programme"
1323:"Need to Know - The Luftwaffe's Flying Wing"
1271:"The Flying Wing Decades Ahead of its Time."
1255:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1132:"Rocket fighter" by William Green, p. 39-41.
1028:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
511:was the YB-35 bomber converted to jet power.
139:The flying wing concept is mostly suited to
2102:, North Branch, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint,
1689:"NIAC 2012 Phase I and Phase II Selections"
1385:
1373:
1149:. Central Air Documents Office. p. 5.
230:. The problems of yaw are discussed below.
1543:"Turkish Aeronautical Association (THK)",
1042:
846:(UCAVs) have been produced, including the
631:conversion of tanks into temporary gliders
598:jet engines in its second, or "V2" (V for
2080:British Research and Development Aircraft
1843:Bellamy III, Woodrow (21 November 2017).
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
806:Bi-directional flying wing, top-down view
409:, who developed a series of experimental
30:For the Canadian football formation, see
2137:. Milwaukee, WI: Aviation Publications.
1662:
1400:British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970
1142:U.S. Naval Technical Mission in Europe.
2119:Armstrong-Whitworth Aircraft since 1913
2016:Moir, Ian; Seabridge, Allan G. (2008),
1975:. London: Aerospace Publishing: 24–37.
1878:. Vol. 84, no. 1. p. 4.
1174:
980:
978:
914:
534:'s AV3 glider of 1933 and the American
1752:"Mystery UAV operation in Afghanistan"
1504:"The Ride of My Life—on a Flying Wing"
1248:
1054:
1021:
988:, April 1913, pp.83-102. Reprinted in
113:. This approach eventually led to the
1910:from the original on 18 February 2019
1718:Fulghum, David A. (8 December 2009).
1217:
1187:Correll, John T. (21 December 2016).
7:
2049:Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
1758:from the original on 6 December 2009
1725:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1634:U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission
1596:U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission
1402:. London: Adam & Charles Black.
1153:from the original on 19 January 2012
449:came to realization was in the 1931
1598:, 2003. Retrieved: 5 November 2012.
1321:Maksel, Rebecca (11 January 2010).
1189:"Jack Northrop and the Flying Wing"
413:designs, collectively known as the
2121:. London: Putnam. pp. 287–96.
1230:Bowers, Albion, H (29 July 2021).
1002:Bowers, Albion, H (1 March 2016).
945:"Stability of Tailless Aeroplanes"
610:for several roles, including as a
25:
1941:from the original on 12 July 2010
1484:: 674 following. 19 December 1946
1430:: 464. 9 May 1946. Archived from
1289:The warplanes of the Third Reich;
1199:from the original on 3 April 2023
2222:Glen Edwards and the Flying Wing
923:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms
304:control are sometimes provided.
1193:Air & Space Forces Magazine
844:unmanned combat aerial vehicles
828:Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
704:Turk Hava Kurumu Ucak Fabrikasi
2064:(64, July–August 1994): 2–17.
1999:Mettam, H.A. (26 March 1970),
1929:Emery, Daniel (12 July 2010).
1817:Hambling, David (9 May 2019).
1292:. London: Macdonald & Co.
344:Northrop Flying Wing (NX-216H)
1:
1791:Smith, Rich (23 March 2018).
166:National Air and Space Museum
2218:, April 1999, Vol. 29, No. 2
2135:The Flying Wings of Northrop
1754:. UV Online. 10 April 2009.
1687:Hall, Loura (17 July 2017).
658:Royal Aircraft Establishment
2175:Maloney, Edward T. (1975).
2157:The Vulcan Story: 1952–2002
2082:. G.T. Foulis. p. 45.
1545:Turkish Aircraft Production
1327:Air & Space Smithsonian
943:Weyl, A.R. (1 March 1945).
766:Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit
759:reflection cross-sections.
462:Boris Ivanovich Cheranovsky
170:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
115:Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit
2278:
2201:History of the Flying Wing
646:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52
638:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52
415:Westland-Hill Pterodactyls
29:
1651:Moir & Seabridge 2008
1329:. Smithsonian Institution
992:, 16 Aug to 13 Sept 1913.
747:Following the arrival of
691:In the Soviet Union, the
1547:(English-language page).
1398:Ellison, Norman (1971).
1099:"BOK-5, V.A.Chizhevskij"
986:The Aeronautical Journal
826:; such UAVs include the
820:unmanned aerial vehicles
594:, design with a pair of
342:Some types, such as the
2228:Flying Wings Are Coming
2098:Sweetman, Bill (2005),
2078:Sturtivant, R. (1990).
2001:"The Pterodactyl Story"
1674:Zha, Im & Espinal,
1550:(retrieved 15 May 2014)
1286:Green, William (1970).
1070:. Century-of-flight.net
616:Smithsonian Institution
292:tailless demonstrator.
2133:Kohn, Leo J. (1974).
1636:. 2003. Archived from
1424:"The A.W. Flying Wing"
852:Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B
840:atmospheric satellites
807:
583:
512:
395:
378:
191:, blisters, booms, or
172:
70:, blisters, booms, or
48:
32:Flying wing (football)
2203:at Century of Flight.
2177:Northrop Flying Wings
2051:(Part Work 1982-1985)
1068:"German flying wings"
832:Northrop Grumman Tern
824:aerial reconnaissance
814:Since the end of the
805:
672:era. The work on the
574:
506:
389:
372:
252:directional stability
246:Directional stability
179:that has no definite
159:
62:that has no definite
42:
2262:Aircraft wing design
2212:Flight to the Future
2005:Flight International
1591:21 July 2011 at the
876:List of flying wings
842:. Various prototype
581:Paul Garber Facility
193:vertical stabilizers
175:A flying wing is an
72:vertical stabilizers
2257:Wing configurations
2117:Tapper, O. (1973).
2053:. Orbis Publishing.
1699:on 19 November 2021
1586:"Stealth Aircraft."
1353:Smithsonian Insider
1105:on 31 December 2018
864:BAE Systems Taranis
793:Armstrong Whitworth
738:Armstrong Whitworth
130:Armstrong Whitworth
60:fixed-wing aircraft
45:Northrop B-2 Spirit
2207:The NurflĂĽgel page
1630:"Stealth Aircraft"
1276:, 2 February 2016.
1269:Dowling, Stephen.
1236:NASA STI Programme
1008:NASA STI Programme
897:Zanonia macrocarpa
808:
761:Stealth technology
584:
513:
494:Alexander Lippisch
396:
379:
234:Engineering design
173:
164:on display at the
111:stealth technology
49:
2232:Popular Mechanics
2109:978-0-7603-1940-6
2027:978-0-4700-5996-8
1875:Air International
1823:Popular Mechanics
1475:"Twin-jet A.W.52"
1043:Sturtivant (1990)
789:McDonnell Douglas
781:subsonic aircraft
734:McDonnell Douglas
536:Freel Flying Wing
519:, from the 1930s
419:Aviation Ministry
411:tailless aircraft
399:Tailless aircraft
355:blended wing body
228:tailless aircraft
141:subsonic aircraft
126:McDonnell Douglas
79:blended wing body
16:(Redirected from
2269:
2214:by Joe Mizrahi,
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2100:Lockheed Stealth
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1780:. Flight Global.
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1695:. Archived from
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1640:on 21 July 2011.
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940:
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891:Vincent Burnelli
768:, a flying wing
719:strategic bomber
596:Junkers Jumo 004
548:Second World War
542:Second World War
361:configurations.
98:Second World War
21:
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2127:Further reading
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2015:
2011:(3185): 514–518
1998:
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1906:. 8 July 2018.
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1853:. Rockville, MD
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556:Horten brothers
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200:aerodynamically
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665:
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532:Charles Fauvel
509:Northrop YB-49
392:Northrop YB-35
383:
382:Early research
380:
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312:Split ailerons
297:
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2252:Flying wings
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2017:
2008:
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1958:Bibliography
1943:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1901:
1892:
1873:
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1812:
1802:23 September
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1786:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1723:
1713:
1703:23 September
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1692:
1682:
1670:
1665:, p. 73
1658:
1646:
1638:the original
1633:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1555:
1544:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1481:
1469:
1439:. Retrieved
1432:the original
1427:
1418:
1399:
1393:
1386:O'Leary 2007
1381:
1374:O'Leary 2007
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1352:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1316:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1251:cite journal
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1225:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1182:
1175:Gunston 1996
1170:
1162:
1155:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1093:
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1062:
1050:
1038:
1024:cite journal
1012:. Retrieved
1007:
997:
989:
985:
955:(3): 73–81.
952:
948:
938:
922:
917:
895:
886:Oblique wing
813:
809:
778:
754:
746:
727:
723:Roy Chadwick
721:designed by
701:
697:Bill Gunston
690:
686:
682:
667:
660:until 1954.
650:laminar flow
636:The British
635:
620:
599:
591:
585:
552:Nazi Germany
545:
529:
514:
487:
459:
454:
451:Junkers G.38
426:Hugo Junkers
423:
397:
359:lifting body
352:
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208:
197:
174:
138:
102:Nazi Germany
95:
87:
83:lifting body
76:
52:
50:
36:
2153:Laming, Tim
1914:18 February
1571:19 February
1109:17 December
856:DRDO Ghatak
818:, numerous
774:fly-by-wire
712:Avro Vulcan
604:jet engines
566:jet engines
561:Horten H.IV
546:During the
460:The Soviet
442:Junkers J 1
403:J. W. Dunne
373:The German
296:Yaw control
275:J. W. Dunne
53:flying wing
18:Flying Wing
2246:Categories
2089:0854296972
1857:5 December
1762:9 December
1736:9 December
904:References
860:DRDO SWIFT
749:supersonic
627:Baynes Bat
575:Part of a
453:34-seater
424:Germany's
324:Spoilerons
260:delta wing
2070:0143-5450
2038:Aeroplane
1991:1361-2034
1884:0306-5634
1218:Pelletier
969:0002-2667
909:Citations
797:airliners
742:airliners
680:of 1947.
592:NurflĂĽgel
438:monoplane
357:, and/or
290:Prandtl-D
271:Dunne D.5
185:tailplane
177:aeroplane
134:airliners
2155:(2002).
1939:Archived
1935:BBC News
1908:Archived
1756:Archived
1589:Archived
1274:BBC News
1241:4 August
1197:Archived
1151:Archived
1074:30 March
1014:4 August
870:See also
862:and the
830:and the
816:Cold War
434:Atlantic
430:airliner
318:Spoilers
286:anhedral
254:in yaw.
189:nacelles
181:fuselage
152:Overview
104:and the
68:nacelles
64:fuselage
57:tailless
1945:12 July
1618:: 8–19.
1488:18 July
1441:18 July
1359:5 April
1333:11 June
1203:3 April
1157:18 July
1010:: 11–12
854:, the
770:stealth
693:BICh-26
670:postwar
664:Postwar
608:Go P.60
600:Versuch
515:In the
490:Germany
478:BICh-7A
474:BICh-14
365:History
118:stealth
100:, both
2183:
2163:
2141:
2106:
2086:
2068:
2024:
1989:
1979:
1882:
1828:30 May
1482:Flight
1428:Flight
1406:
1308:127356
1306:
1296:
990:Flight
967:
929:
850:, the
791:, and
785:Boeing
736:, and
730:Boeing
708:THK-13
554:, the
470:BICh-3
466:Stalin
147:Design
128:, and
122:Boeing
106:Allies
2216:Wings
1478:(pdf)
1435:(pdf)
1147:(PDF)
838:, as
757:radar
678:YB-49
674:YB-35
220:pitch
55:is a
2181:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2066:ISSN
2047:The
2022:ISBN
1987:ISSN
1977:ISBN
1947:2010
1916:2019
1903:TASS
1880:ISSN
1859:2017
1830:2019
1804:2020
1764:2009
1738:2009
1705:2020
1693:NASA
1573:2015
1490:2010
1443:2010
1404:ISBN
1361:2018
1335:2013
1304:OCLC
1294:ISBN
1257:link
1243:2021
1205:2023
1159:2010
1111:2010
1076:2012
1030:link
1016:2021
965:ISSN
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