99:. More recently, foam concrete is being made with a continuous foam generator. The foam is produced by agitating a foaming agent with compressed air to make "aircrete" or "foamcrete". This material is fireproof, insect proof, and waterproof. It offers significant thermal and acoustic insulation and can be cut, carved, drilled and shaped with wood-working tools. This construction material can be used to make foundations, subfloors, building blocks, walls, domes, or even arches that can be reinforced with a construction fabric.
19:
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that is just 7.5% of water. The enzyme consists of highly active proteins of biotechnological origin not based on protein hydrolysis. In recent years foamed concrete has been used extensively in highways, commercial buildings, disaster rehabilitation buildings, schools, apartments and housing developments in countries such as
Germany, USA, Brazil, Singapore, India, Malaysia, Kuwait, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Mexico, Indonesia, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Iraq, Egypt, and Vietnam.
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75:
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1,600 kg/m depending on the application. Lighter density products may be cut into different sizes. While the product is considered a form of concrete (with air bubbles replacing aggregate), its high thermal and acoustical insulating qualities make it a very different application than conventional concrete.
94:
were developed in the late 1970s and early 80s, which led to the commercial use of foamed concrete in construction projects. Initially, it was used in the
Netherlands for filling voids and for ground stabilisation. Further research carried out in the Netherlands helped bring about the more widespread
181:
Foamed concrete can be produced with dry densities of 400 to 1600 kg/m (25 lb/ft to 100 lb/ft), with 7-day strengths of approximately 1 to 10 N/mm (145 to 1450 psi) respectively. Foam concrete is fire resistant, and its thermal and acoustical insulation properties make it ideal for a wide range
244:
The development of synthetic-enzyme based foaming agents; foam stability enhancing admixtures; and specialized foam generating, mixing, and pumping equipment has improved the stability of the foam and hence foam concrete, making it possible to manufacture as light as 75 kg/m density, a density
138:
cured with temperatures up to 70 °C to accelerate the process.), depending on variables including ambient temperature and humidity. Once solidified, the formed product may be released from its mold. A new application in foam concrete manufacturing is to cut large concrete cakes into blocks of
240:
Until the mid-1990s, foam concrete was regarded as weak and non-durable with high shrinkage characteristics. This is due to the unstable foam bubbles resulted in foam concrete having properties unsuitable for producing very low density (Less than 300 kg/m dry density) as well as load bearing
159:
with a simple production method that is relatively inexpensive compared to autoclave aerated concrete. Foam concrete compounds utilising fly ash in the slurry mix is cheaper still, and has less environmental impact. Foam concrete is produced in a variety of densities from 200 kg/m to
241:
structural applications. It is therefore important to ensure that the air entrained into the foamed concrete is contained in stable, very tiny, uniform bubbles that remain intact and isolated, and do not thus increase the permeability of the cement paste between the voids.
269:
The energy absorption capacity of foamed concrete was approximated from drop testing and found to vary from 4 to 15 MJ/m depending on its density. With optimum absorption estimated from a 1000 kg/m moderate density mix at water to cement (w/c) ratios from 0·6 to 0·7.
57:
instead of concrete; it may be called "foamed cement" as well. The density of foam concrete usually varies from 400 kg/m to 1600 kg/m. The density is normally controlled by substituting all or part of the fine aggregate with the foam.
261:
being fielded by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, which when worn out, can be shipped directly to metal recycling facilities without requiring the separation of the trapped bullets, as the calcium carbonate in the concrete acts as a
111:
and sand and water, although some suppliers recommend pure cement and water with the foaming agent for very lightweight mixes. This slurry is further mixed with a synthetic aerated
134:
behavior of the foam bubbles, allowing it to be easily poured into the chosen form or mold. The viscous material requires up to 24 hours to solidify (or as little as two hours if
90:. A detailed study concerning the composition, physical properties and production of foamed concrete was first carried out in the 1950s and 60s. Following this research, new
1132:
305:
Sach J and
Seifert H (1999). Foamed concrete technology: possibilities for thermal insulation at high temperatures. CFI Forum of Technology, DKG 76, No. 9, pp 23–30.
123:, mixed with water and air from a generator. The foaming agent must be able to produce air bubbles with a high level of stability, resistant to the physical and
293:
130:
Foamed concrete mixture may be poured or pumped into molds, or directly into structural elements. The foam enables the slurry to flow freely due to the
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It is also called foamed concrete, foam concrete, aerated concrete, aircrete, cellular lightweight concrete, or reduced density concrete.
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different sizes by a cutting machine using special steel wires. The cutting action takes place before the concrete has fully cured.
880:
500:
497:
Proceedings of the Tri-Service
Environmental Technology Workshop, "Enhancing Readiness Through Environmental QualityTechnology"
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489:
Use of Shock-Absorbing
Concrete (SACON) as an Environmentally Compatible Bullet-Trapping Medium on Small-Arms Training Ranges
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of purposes, from insulating floors and roofs to void filling. It is also particularly useful for trench reinstatement.
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In terms of thermal conductivity, foam concrete is not inferior to wood. A 40 cm wall is able to withstand -30°C frost.
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British Cement
Association, Foamed Concrete Composition and Properties, British Cement Association, 1994.
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Foam concrete withstands one-sided exposure to fire for at least three hours, and on average, five hours.
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29:, also known as Lightweight Cellular Concrete (LCC) and Low Density Cellular Concrete (LDCC), and by
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Valore RC. (1954). Cellular concrete part 1 composition and methods of production, ACI j ;50:773-96.
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Valore RC. (1954). Cellular RC, Cellular concrete part 2 physical properties. ACI J;50:817-36.
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in high intensity US military firearm training ranges. This work resulted in the product
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The history of foam concrete dates back to the early 1920s and the production of
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Fabian, Gene L.; O'Donnell, Richard H.; Tom, Joe G.; Malone, Philip G. (1996).
421:"Aerated Concrete, Lightweight Concrete, Cellular Concrete and Foamed Concrete"
370:"Aerated Concrete, Lightweight Concrete, Cellular Concrete and Foamed Concrete"
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is used for production of foam concrete the correct term would be called
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533:"Energy absorption of foamed concrete from low-velocity impacts"
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Luca
Industries International GmbH, Retrieved on 22 January 2015
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Van Deijk. Foam concrete. Concrete, July/August 1991, pp 49–54.
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Rudnai G. (1963). Lightweight concretes. Budapest, Akademikiado
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The 1930s-era Smithy bridge used foamed concrete for infilling.
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Luca
Industries International GmbH, Retrieved on 29 March 2016
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Luca
Industries International GmbH, Retrieved on 29 March 2016
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Foamed concrete typically consists of a slurry of cement or
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253:Foamed concrete has been investigated for use as a
448:8 ADVANTAGES OF FOAM CONCRETE OVER OTHER MATERIALS
531:Jones, M. Roderick; Zheng, Li (1 February 2013).
151:A sample of foamed concrete used for measurement.
1133:International Federation for Structural Concrete
185:A few of the applications of foam concrete are:
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127:processes of mixing, placing, and hardening.
8:
518:"Shock-Absorbing Concrete SACON Bullet Trap"
551:– via icevirtuallibrary.com (Atypon).
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462:LithoPore™ Aerated Concrete 75 – 150 Kg/m
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296:The Concrete Institute, Midrand, 2021
41:, with a minimum of 20% (per volume)
7:
696:Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
506:from the original on 20 August 2015.
1113:Institution of Structural Engineers
192:pipeline abandonment / annular fill
204:cast-in-situ / cast-in-place walls
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499:. pp. 187–196. ADP017714.
231:prefabricated insulation boards
189:bridge approaches / embankments
611:Roman architectural revolution
207:insulating compensation laying
201:precast wall elements / panels
119:. The foam is created using a
1:
537:Magazine of Concrete Research
155:Foam concrete is a versatile
22:A cylinder of foam concrete.
1128:Portland Cement Association
1103:American Concrete Institute
86:, which was used mainly as
84:autoclaved aerated concrete
45:entrained into the plastic
1240:
606:Ancient Roman architecture
474:LithoPore™ True Technology
408:LithoPore Aerated Concrete
95:use of foam concrete as a
1188:
1118:Indian Concrete Institute
228:filling of hollow blocks
294:Foamed Concrete leaflet
216:insulation roof screeds
896:Alkali–silica reaction
654:Energetically modified
236:Trends and development
219:sunken portion filling
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79:
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549:10.1680/macr.12.00054
520:. Terran Corporation.
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117:concrete mixing plant
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881:Environmental impact
739:Reversing drum mixer
225:sub-base in highways
222:trench reinstatement
984:Self-consolidating
676:Water–cement ratio
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33:, is defined as a
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1198:Category:Concrete
979:Roller-compacting
800:Climbing formwork
649:Calcium aluminate
621:Roman engineering
210:insulation floor
157:building material
97:building material
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919:Fiber-reinforced
734:Volumetric mixer
626:Roman technology
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543:(4): 209–219.
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27:Foam concrete
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1072:Step barrier
1033:Applications
944:Nanoconcrete
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830:Power trowel
815:Power screed
805:Slip forming
778:Construction
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430:12 September
428:. Retrieved
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379:12 September
377:. Retrieved
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356:Domegaia.com
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177:Applications
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26:
25:
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1050:hollow-core
1009:Waste light
1004:Translucent
964:Prestressed
891:Segregation
876:Degradation
764:Cover meter
701:Silica fume
636:Composition
255:bullet trap
132:thixotropic
62:Terminology
31:other names
1213:Categories
1149:Eurocode 2
1087:Structures
974:Reinforced
934:Lunarcrete
914:AstroCrete
871:Durability
866:Properties
744:Slump test
716:Production
706:Metakaolin
352:"AirCrete"
274:References
164:Advantages
143:Properties
92:admixtures
88:insulation
1180:Hempcrete
1142:Standards
969:Ready-mix
886:Recycling
681:Aggregate
664:Rosendale
1219:Concrete
1173:See also
1164:EN 10080
1159:EN 206-1
1154:EN 197-1
1013:Aerated
954:Polished
949:Pervious
924:Filigree
820:Finisher
795:Formwork
659:Portland
590:Concrete
501:Archived
125:chemical
1224:Masonry
1123:Nanocem
1082:Columns
959:Polymer
859:Science
825:Grinder
785:Precast
691:Fly ash
598:History
212:screeds
109:fly ash
70:History
37:-based
1045:waffle
994:Sulfur
850:Tremie
845:Sealer
810:Screed
754:Curing
644:Cement
55:mortar
47:mortar
39:slurry
35:cement
1077:Roads
999:Tabby
906:Types
840:Float
769:Rebar
724:Plant
671:Water
504:(PDF)
493:(PDF)
259:SACON
136:steam
115:in a
1040:Slab
1022:RAAC
939:Mass
929:Foam
835:Pump
432:2015
381:2015
264:flux
113:foam
43:foam
1017:AAC
545:doi
1215::
541:65
539:.
535:.
495:.
454:^
440:^
423:.
389:^
372:.
354:.
282:^
266:.
582:e
575:t
568:v
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434:.
383:.
358:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
