36:
437:
266:, a protein research scientist at the University of Washington, founded the Foldit project. Seth Cooper was the lead game designer. Before starting the project, Baker and his laboratory coworkers relied on another research project named Rosetta to predict the native structures of various proteins using special computer
508:
is calculated based on how well-folded the protein is, and a list of high scores for each puzzle is maintained. Foldit users may create and join groups, and members of groups can share puzzle solutions. Groups have been found to be useful in training new players. A separate list of group high scores
534:
credited Foldit's 57,000 players with providing useful results that matched or outperformed algorithmically computed solutions, stating "layers working collaboratively develop a rich assortment of new strategies and algorithms; unlike computational approaches, they explore not only conformational
393:
Similarly to
Rosetta@home, Foldit is a means to discover native protein structures faster through distributed computing. However, Foldit has a greater emphasis on community collaboration through its forums, where users can collaborate on certain folds. Furthermore, Foldit's crowdsourced approach
629:
detailed a "crystallographic model-building competition between trained crystallographers, undergraduate students, Foldit players and automatic model-building algorithms" in which "a team of Foldit players achieved the most accurate structure" fitting a protein to the results of an
709:
Foldit's toolbox is mainly for the design of protein molecules. The game's creator announced the plan to add, by 2013, the chemical building blocks of organic subcomponents to enable players to design small molecules. The small molecule design system termed
414:
abilities to help solve the problem of protein structure prediction. 2016 puzzles are based on well-understood proteins. By analysing how humans intuitively approach these puzzles, researchers hope to improve the algorithms used by protein-folding software.
544:
compared "recipes" developed by Foldit players to
Rosetta scripts developed by members of the Baker Lab at the University of Washington. The player-developed "Blue Fuse" recipe compared favorably with the scientists' "Fast Relax"
422:
where users manipulate simple protein-like structures and a periodically updated set of puzzles based on real proteins. It shows a graphical representation of each protein which users can manipulate using a set of tools.
327:) experiments, submitting its best solutions to targets based on unknown protein structures. CASP is an international program to assess methods of protein structure prediction and identify those that are most productive.
695:
reported how Foldit players were able to "build protein structures into crystallographic, high-resolution maps more accurately than expert crystallographers or automated model-building algorithms" using data from
394:
places a greater emphasis on the user. Foldit's virtual interaction and gamification create a unique and innovative environment with the potential to greatly advance protein folding research.
520:
Foldit players have been cited collectively as "Foldit players" or "Players, F." in some cases. Individual players have also been listed as authors on at least one paper, and on four related
1823:
767:
1858:
1717:
497:
Foldit's developers wanted to attract as many people as possible to the cause of protein folding. So, rather than only building a useful science tool, they used
1828:
300:, but could not interact with the program. Hoping that humans could improve the computers' attempts to solve protein structures, Baker approached
1818:
616:
computationally designed the enzyme from scratch but found its potency needed improvement. Foldit players reengineered the enzyme by adding 13
787:
571:-like symptoms, a scientific problem that had been unsolved for 15 years. While the puzzle was available for three weeks, players produced a
347:. Identifying natural proteins' structural configurations enables scientists to understand them better. This can lead to creating novel
715:
1068:
484:
304:
and Zoran Popović, computer science professors at the same university, to help conceptualize and build an interactive program, a
1553:"An analysis and evaluation of the WeFold collaborative for protein structure prediction and its pipelines in CASP11 and CASP12"
249:
credited Foldit's 57,000 players with providing useful results that matched or outperformed algorithmically computed solutions.
953:
27:
239:) that can be applied to relevant proteins in the real world. Scientists can then use these solutions to target and eradicate
1833:
462:
697:
374:. However, determining how a given protein's primary structure becomes a functioning three-dimensional structure, how the
782:
757:
656:
described the analysis of proteins designed by Foldit players. Four player-designed proteins were successfully grown in
267:
1813:
381:, is more difficult. The general process is understood, but predicting a protein's eventual, functioning structure is
317:
81:
1418:
447:
1848:
1838:
466:
451:
1793:
719:
149:
Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Scientist
597:
235:
solutions are analyzed by researchers, who determine whether or not there is a native structural configuration (
1843:
1049:
609:
605:
263:
220:
51:
973:
458:
323:
Since 2008, Foldit has participated in
Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (
1808:
718:(VHL). Results of the VHL experiment were presented in a March 2023 preprint paper and at an August 2023
1853:
663:
639:
631:
625:
580:
274:
1740:
1803:
1798:
1621:
1564:
1505:
1492:
Horowitz S, Koepnick B, Martin R, Tymieniecki A, Winburn AA, Cooper S, et al. (September 2016).
1212:
1199:
Horowitz S, Koepnick B, Martin R, Tymieniecki A, Winburn AA, Cooper S, et al. (September 2016).
1155:
882:
572:
367:
177:
956:
184:
1368:
Gilski M, Kazmierczyk M, Krzywda S, Zábranská H, Cooper S, Popović Z, et al. (November 2011).
1072:
601:
588:
156:
1551:
Keasar C, McGuffin LJ, Wallner B, Chopra G, Adhikari B, Bhattacharya D, et al. (July 2018).
762:
643:
reviewed the collaboration between Foldit players and teams in the WeFold consortium in biennial
290:
1319:
Khatib F, DiMaio F, Cooper S, Kazmierczyk M, Gilski M, Krzywda S, et al. (September 2011).
1142:
Rocklin GJ, Chidyausiku TM, Goreshnik I, Ford A, Houliston S, Lemak A, et al. (July 2017).
501:(the inclusion of gaming elements) to make Foldit appealing and engaging to the general public.
1665:
Khatib F, Desfosses A, Koepnick B, Flatten J, Popović Z, Baker D, et al. (November 2019).
1698:
1667:"Building de novo cryo-electron microscopy structures collaboratively with citizen scientists"
1647:
1590:
1533:
1474:
1399:
1350:
1301:
1238:
1181:
1124:
978:
908:
667:
560:
549:
521:
411:
340:
297:
212:
161:
108:
1321:"Crystal structure of a monomeric retroviral protease solved by protein folding game players"
1688:
1678:
1637:
1629:
1580:
1572:
1523:
1513:
1464:
1456:
1389:
1381:
1340:
1332:
1291:
1281:
1228:
1220:
1171:
1163:
1144:"Global analysis of protein folding using massively parallel design, synthesis, and testing"
1114:
1106:
1095:"Reducing the computational complexity of protein folding via fragment folding and assembly"
1006:
898:
890:
841:
652:
530:
407:
352:
245:
172:
99:
732:
216:
165:
1625:
1568:
1509:
1445:"Increased Diels-Alderase activity through backbone remodeling guided by Foldit players"
1216:
1159:
886:
1693:
1666:
1642:
1609:
1585:
1552:
1528:
1493:
1469:
1444:
1443:
Eiben CB, Siegel JB, Bale JB, Cooper S, Khatib F, Shen BW, et al. (January 2012).
1394:
1369:
1345:
1320:
1296:
1269:
1233:
1200:
1176:
1143:
1119:
1094:
903:
870:
869:
Cooper S, Khatib F, Treuille A, Barbero J, Lee J, Beenen M, et al. (August 2010).
772:
371:
348:
336:
104:
87:
1268:
Khatib F, Cooper S, Tyka MD, Xu K, Makedon I, Popovic Z, et al. (November 2011).
592:
reported that Foldit gamers achieved the first crowdsourced redesign of a protein, an
308:, that would appeal to the public and help efforts to find native protein structures.
1787:
1608:
Koepnick B, Flatten J, Husain T, Ford A, Silva DA, Bick MJ, et al. (June 2019).
777:
301:
351:, advances in treating disease, and solutions for other real-world problems such as
1758:
792:
752:
737:
691:
498:
278:
236:
232:
224:
35:
1419:"Gamers Decode AIDS Protein That Stumped Researchers For 15 Years In Just 3 Weeks"
1046:
957:"Protein-folding game taps power of worldwide audience to solve difficult puzzles"
335:
Protein structure prediction is important in several fields of science, including
1683:
959:
436:
403:
382:
286:
1576:
1274:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
517:
Results from Foldit have been included in a number of scientific publications.
1633:
1385:
617:
553:
316:
Many of the same people who created
Rosetta@home worked on Foldit. The public
305:
46:
366:
The process by which living beings create the primary structure of proteins,
1286:
1167:
360:
270:
123:
1702:
1651:
1594:
1537:
1478:
1403:
1354:
1305:
1242:
1185:
1128:
1001:
912:
1028:
568:
556:
419:
375:
344:
282:
180:
129:
40:
Screenshot of the Foldit application showing a folding puzzle in progress
1518:
1370:"High-resolution structure of a retroviral protease folded as a monomer"
1224:
894:
26:
1110:
747:
658:
613:
509:
is maintained, as well as two leaderboards for groups and individuals.
370:, is reasonably well understood, as is the means by which proteins are
243:
and create biological innovations. A 2010 paper in the science journal
240:
228:
1336:
1258:. (n.d.). Retrieved August 23, 2024, from https://fold.it/leaderboards
823:
683:
679:
675:
671:
296:
Some
Rosetta@home users became frustrated when they saw ways to solve
223:, Center for Game Science, in collaboration with the UW Department of
1759:"Drugit: Crowd-sourcing molecular design of non-peptidic VHL binders"
1494:"Determining crystal structures through crowdsourcing and coursework"
1460:
1201:"Determining crystal structures through crowdsourcing and coursework"
742:
593:
576:
320:
version was released in May 2008 and has 240,000 registered players.
209:
864:
862:
1047:"Computer game's high score could earn the Nobel Prize in medicine"
812:
564:
356:
219:. It is part of an experimental research project developed by the
116:
112:
926:
644:
540:
324:
231:
as perfectly as possible, using tools provided in the game. The
227:. The objective of Foldit is to fold the structures of selected
1069:"Online Gamers Achieve First Crowd-Sourced Redesign of Protein"
842:"In a Video Game, Tackling the Complexities of Protein Folding"
871:"Predicting protein structures with a multiplayer online game"
430:
1374:
1718:"FoldIt game's next play: crowdsourcing better drug design"
927:"Rosetta Commons: The hub for Rosetta modeling software"
535:
space but also the space of possible search strategies".
768:
Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
1093:
Haspel N, Tsai CJ, Wolfson H, Nussinov R (June 2003).
273:. Rosetta was eventually extended to use the power of
1270:"Algorithm discovery by protein folding game players"
54:, Center for Game Science, Department of Biochemistry
824:
University of
Washington, Department of Biochemistry
189:
171:
155:
135:
122:
98:
80:
58:
45:
1775:
285:, and displayed its protein-folding progress as a
194:
813:University of Washington, Center for Game Science
620:, increasing its activity by more than 18 times.
1824:Lua (programming language)-scripted video games
1610:"De novo protein design by citizen scientists"
579:in only ten days that is accurate enough for
8:
1741:"VHL puzzle series paper preprint released!"
548:In 2011, Foldit players helped decipher the
19:
1002:"Gamers Unravel the Secret Life of Protein"
465:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1859:Video games developed in the United States
34:
25:
18:
1692:
1682:
1641:
1584:
1527:
1517:
1468:
1393:
1344:
1325:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
1295:
1285:
1232:
1175:
1118:
902:
485:Learn how and when to remove this message
1062:
1060:
1058:
805:
835:
833:
831:
504:As a protein structure is modified, a
281:program was made available for public
788:Protein structure prediction software
289:. Its results were sent to a central
7:
949:
947:
528:An August 2010 paper in the journal
463:adding citations to reliable sources
1829:Structural bioinformatics software
716:Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor
608:in the Center for Game Science at
14:
1739:Moretti, Rocco (March 15, 2023).
974:"Biologists Enlist Online Gamers"
666:. The proteins were added to the
689:In November 2019, an article in
435:
183:for academic and non-profit use
1067:Marshall J (January 22, 2012).
954:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
647:competitions CASP11 and CASP12.
1:
1819:Human-based computation games
402:Foldit attempts to apply the
1716:Hersher R (April 13, 2012).
1684:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000472
840:Markoff J (10 August 2010).
783:Protein structure prediction
758:Human-based computation game
623:A September 2016 article in
418:Foldit includes a series of
268:protein structure prediction
1417:Praetorius D (2011-09-19).
538:A November 2011 article in
1875:
1577:10.1038/s41598-018-26812-8
1634:10.1038/s41586-019-1274-4
1386:10.1107/S0907444911035943
1000:Bohannon J (2009-04-20).
720:American Chemical Society
561:Mason-Pfizer monkey virus
143:
94:
76:
33:
24:
1050:University of Washington
972:Bourzac K (2008-05-08).
610:University of Washington
221:University of Washington
52:University of Washington
1776:official Foldit website
1287:10.1073/pnas.1115898108
1168:10.1126/science.aan0693
637:A July 2018 article in
662:and then "solved" via
650:A June 2019 letter in
64:; 16 years ago
1834:Computational biology
1498:Nature Communications
1205:Nature Communications
664:X-ray crystallography
640:Nature Communications
632:X-ray crystallography
626:Nature Communications
598:Diels–Alder reactions
581:molecular replacement
406:'s three-dimensional
275:distributed computing
1449:Nature Biotechnology
722:conference session.
459:improve this section
368:protein biosynthesis
1626:2019Natur.570..390K
1569:2018NatSR...8.9939K
1519:10.1038/ncomms12549
1510:2016NatCo...712549H
1423:The Huffington Post
1225:10.1038/ncomms12549
1217:2016NatCo...712549H
1160:2017Sci...357..168R
1073:Scientific American
895:10.1038/nature09304
887:2010Natur.466..756C
604:. A team including
602:synthetic chemistry
596:that catalysed the
589:Scientific American
398:Virtual interaction
21:
1814:Puzzle video games
1557:Scientific Reports
1111:10.1110/ps.0232903
931:RosettaCommons.org
846:The New York Times
763:Molecular graphics
714:was tested on the
705:Future development
563:(M-PMV), a monkey
349:proteins by design
298:protein structures
293:for verification.
1849:Protein structure
1839:Molecular biology
1620:(7761): 390–394.
1380:(Pt 11): 907–14.
1337:10.1038/nsmb.2119
1154:(6347): 168–175.
979:Technology Review
668:Protein Data Bank
586:In January 2012,
550:crystal structure
522:Protein Data Bank
495:
494:
487:
412:spatial reasoning
341:molecular biology
213:puzzle video game
203:
202:
162:Puzzle video game
146:List of languages
1866:
1794:2008 video games
1763:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1677:(11): e3000472.
1662:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1461:10.1038/nbt.2109
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1397:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1280:(47): 18949–53.
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1064:
1053:
1045:Hickey, Hannah.
1043:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
969:
963:
962:, August 4, 2010
951:
942:
941:
939:
937:
923:
917:
916:
906:
881:(7307): 756–60.
866:
857:
856:
854:
852:
837:
826:
821:
815:
810:
490:
483:
479:
476:
470:
439:
431:
408:pattern matching
353:invasive species
199:
196:
100:Operating system
72:
70:
65:
62:May 8, 2008
38:
29:
22:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1844:Protein folding
1784:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1099:Protein Science
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1029:"Zoran Popović"
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
971:
970:
966:
952:
945:
935:
933:
925:
924:
920:
868:
867:
860:
850:
848:
839:
838:
829:
822:
818:
811:
807:
802:
797:
733:Citizen science
728:
707:
600:widely used in
515:
513:Accomplishments
491:
480:
474:
471:
456:
440:
429:
400:
391:
383:computationally
333:
314:
260:
255:
233:highest scoring
217:protein folding
193:
166:protein folding
151:
150:
147:
90:
82:Preview release
68:
66:
63:
59:Initial release
41:
17:
16:2008 video game
12:
11:
5:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1770:External links
1768:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1731:
1708:
1657:
1600:
1543:
1484:
1435:
1409:
1360:
1331:(10): 1175–7.
1311:
1260:
1248:
1191:
1134:
1105:(6): 1177–87.
1085:
1054:
1038:
1033:washington.edu
1020:
992:
964:
943:
918:
858:
827:
816:
804:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
773:Predictor@home
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
727:
724:
706:
703:
702:
701:
687:
648:
635:
621:
584:
546:
536:
514:
511:
493:
492:
443:
441:
434:
428:
425:
399:
396:
390:
387:
372:encoded as DNA
337:bioinformatics
332:
329:
313:
310:
259:
256:
254:
251:
201:
200:
191:
187:
186:
175:
169:
168:
159:
153:
152:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
126:
120:
119:
105:Cross-platform
102:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:Perpetual beta
86:
84:
78:
77:
74:
73:
60:
56:
55:
49:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1871:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Windows games
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:, May 8, 2008
1051:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1008:
1003:
996:
993:
981:
980:
975:
968:
965:
961:
958:
955:
950:
948:
944:
932:
928:
922:
919:
914:
910:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
863:
859:
847:
843:
836:
834:
832:
828:
825:
820:
817:
814:
809:
806:
799:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:Quantum Moves
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
704:
699:
694:
693:
688:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
654:
649:
646:
642:
641:
636:
633:
628:
627:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
585:
582:
578:
575:model of the
574:
570:
567:which causes
566:
562:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:
537:
533:
532:
527:
526:
525:
524:depositions.
523:
518:
512:
510:
507:
502:
500:
489:
486:
478:
468:
464:
460:
454:
453:
449:
444:This section
442:
438:
433:
432:
426:
424:
421:
416:
413:
409:
405:
397:
395:
388:
386:
384:
380:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
321:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
302:David Salesin
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
257:
252:
250:
248:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
198:
192:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
61:
57:
53:
50:
48:
44:
37:
32:
28:
23:
1854:Gamification
1780:
1753:
1744:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1720:. nature.com
1711:
1674:
1671:PLOS Biology
1670:
1660:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1504:(1): 12549.
1501:
1497:
1487:
1455:(2): 190–2.
1452:
1448:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1078:February 22,
1076:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1005:
995:
983:. Retrieved
977:
967:
934:. Retrieved
930:
921:
878:
874:
849:. Retrieved
845:
819:
808:
793:Serious game
753:Folding@home
738:Rosetta@home
711:
708:
700:experiments.
692:PLOS Biology
690:
657:
651:
638:
624:
587:
539:
529:
519:
516:
505:
503:
499:gamification
496:
481:
475:October 2021
472:
457:Please help
445:
427:Gamification
417:
401:
392:
378:
365:
334:
322:
315:
295:
279:Rosetta@home
261:
244:
237:native state
225:Biochemistry
205:
204:
139:13 languages
136:Available in
47:Developer(s)
1804:MacOS games
1799:Linux games
1563:(1): 9939.
1428:17 November
1013:17 November
985:17 November
960:Eurekalert!
936:17 November
851:12 February
634:experiment.
618:amino acids
606:David Baker
404:human brain
385:demanding.
287:screensaver
264:David Baker
178:Proprietary
1788:Categories
800:References
554:retroviral
545:algorithm.
306:video game
271:algorithms
69:2008-05-08
1724:April 16,
1211:: 12549.
446:does not
420:tutorials
361:pollution
1703:31714936
1652:31168091
1595:29967418
1538:27633552
1479:22267011
1404:22101816
1355:21926992
1306:22065763
1243:27633552
1186:28706065
1129:12761388
913:20686574
726:See also
569:HIV/AIDS
557:protease
376:molecule
345:medicine
283:download
241:diseases
229:proteins
181:freeware
1745:fold.it
1694:6850521
1643:6701466
1622:Bibcode
1586:6028396
1565:Bibcode
1529:5028414
1506:Bibcode
1470:3566767
1395:3211970
1346:3705907
1297:3223433
1234:5028414
1213:Bibcode
1177:5568797
1156:Bibcode
1148:Science
1120:2323902
904:2956414
883:Bibcode
748:Eyewire
698:cryo EM
659:E. coli
614:Seattle
467:removed
452:sources
389:Methods
258:Rosetta
253:History
190:Website
173:License
109:Windows
67: (
1701:
1691:
1650:
1640:
1614:Nature
1593:
1583:
1536:
1526:
1477:
1467:
1402:
1392:
1353:
1343:
1304:
1294:
1256:Foldit
1241:
1231:
1184:
1174:
1127:
1117:
911:
901:
875:Nature
743:EteRNA
712:Drugit
682:, and
653:Nature
594:enzyme
577:enzyme
531:Nature
359:, and
343:, and
312:Foldit
291:server
277:: The
262:Prof.
246:Nature
215:about
210:online
208:is an
206:Foldit
20:Foldit
1007:Wired
565:virus
559:from
552:of a
506:score
379:folds
357:waste
331:Goals
128:≈434
117:Linux
113:macOS
1726:2012
1699:PMID
1648:PMID
1591:PMID
1534:PMID
1475:PMID
1430:2016
1400:PMID
1351:PMID
1302:PMID
1239:PMID
1182:PMID
1125:PMID
1080:2012
1015:2016
987:2016
938:2015
909:PMID
853:2013
684:6NUK
680:6MSP
676:6MRS
672:6MRR
645:CASP
541:PNAS
450:any
448:cite
410:and
325:CASP
318:beta
195:fold
157:Type
124:Size
1689:PMC
1679:doi
1638:PMC
1630:doi
1618:570
1581:PMC
1573:doi
1524:PMC
1514:doi
1465:PMC
1457:doi
1390:PMC
1382:doi
1341:PMC
1333:doi
1292:PMC
1282:doi
1278:108
1229:PMC
1221:doi
1172:PMC
1164:doi
1152:357
1115:PMC
1107:doi
899:PMC
891:doi
879:466
670:as
612:in
461:by
197:.it
1790::
1743:.
1697:.
1687:.
1675:17
1673:.
1669:.
1646:.
1636:.
1628:.
1616:.
1612:.
1589:.
1579:.
1571:.
1559:.
1555:.
1532:.
1522:.
1512:.
1500:.
1496:.
1473:.
1463:.
1453:30
1451:.
1447:.
1421:.
1398:.
1388:.
1378:67
1376:.
1372:.
1349:.
1339:.
1329:18
1327:.
1323:.
1300:.
1290:.
1276:.
1272:.
1237:.
1227:.
1219:.
1207:.
1203:.
1180:.
1170:.
1162:.
1150:.
1146:.
1123:.
1113:.
1103:12
1101:.
1097:.
1071:.
1057:^
1031:.
1004:.
976:.
946:^
929:.
907:.
897:.
889:.
877:.
873:.
861:^
844:.
830:^
678:,
674:,
573:3D
363:.
355:,
339:,
164:,
130:MB
115:,
111:,
107::
1761:.
1747:.
1728:.
1705:.
1681::
1654:.
1632::
1624::
1597:.
1575::
1567::
1561:8
1540:.
1516::
1508::
1502:7
1481:.
1459::
1432:.
1406:.
1384::
1357:.
1335::
1308:.
1284::
1245:.
1223::
1215::
1209:7
1188:.
1166::
1158::
1131:.
1109::
1082:.
1035:.
1017:.
989:.
940:.
915:.
893::
885::
855:.
686:.
583:.
488:)
482:(
477:)
473:(
469:.
455:.
71:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
