31:
366:
there are two heroic paradises in the Old Norse View of afterlife. It might possibly be a consequence of different forms of initiation of warriors, where one part seemed to have belonged to Óðinn and the other to Freyja. These examples indicate that Freyja was a war-goddess, and she even appears as a valkyrie, literally 'the one who chooses the slain'.
395:
Perhaps each source has preserved a part of the same truth and Sessrúmnir was conceived of as both a ship and an afterlife location in Fólkvangr. 'A ship in a field' is a somewhat unexpected idea, but it is strongly reminiscent of the stone ships in
Scandinavian burial sites. 'A ship in the field' in
365:
Freyja receives the slain heroes of the battlefield quite respectfully as Óðinn does. Her house is called
Sessrumnir, 'filled with many seats', and it probably fills the same function as Valhöll, 'the hall of the slain', where the warriors eat and drink beer after the fighting. Still, we must ask why
288:") after discovering that her husband has betrayed both her father and brother. Näsström comments that "this Dís could hardly be anyone but Freyja herself, the natural leader of the collective female deities called dísir, and the place of the queen's suicide seems thus to be connected with Freyja."
403:
Evidence involving ships from the pre-Christian period and from folklore may be similarly re-examined with this potential in mind. For example, if Freyja is taken as a possessor of a ship, then this ship iconography may lend support to positions arguing for a connection between a Vanir goddess and
396:
the mythical realm may have been conceived as a reflection of actual burial customs and vice versa. It is possible that the symbolic ship was thought of as providing some sort of beneficial property to the land, such as good seasons and peace brought on by Freyr’s mound burial in
230:", that Freyja has a dwelling in the heavens called Fólkvangr, and that "whenever she rides to battle she gets half of the slain, and the other half Odin, as it says here: ". High then continues with a description of Freyja's hall Sessrúmnir.
370:
Siegfried Andres Dobat comments that "in her mythological role as the chooser of half the fallen warriors for her death realm Fólkvangr, the goddess Freyja, however, emerges as the mythological role model for the
Valkyrjar and the
1975:
2915:
264:
Thorgerd replied in a loud voice, 'I have had no evening meal, nor will I do so until I join Freyja. I know no better course of action than my father's. I do not want to live after my father and brother are
1965:
307:
is to be understood as "army", then Fólkvangr appears as an alternative to
Valhalla. Lindow adds that, like Odin, Freyja has an association with warriors in that she presides over the eternal combat of
683:
Dobat, Siegfried Andres (2006). "Bridging
Mythology and Belief: Viking Age Functional Culture as a Reflection of the Belief in Divine Intervention" as collected in Andren, A. Jennbert, K. Raudvere, C.
387:
found throughout
Scandinavia. According to Hopkins and Haukur, Fólkvangr and Sessrumir together paint an image of a ship and a field, which has broader implications and may connect Freyja to the
2960:
1970:
412:
Hopkins and Haukur additionally propose a connection between Fólkvangr and a variety of other
Germanic words referring to the afterlife that contain extensions of Proto-Germanic *
865:
1945:
1940:
1117:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1095:
270:
Britt-Mari Näsström says that "as a receiver of the dead her abode is also open for women who have suffered a noble death." Näsström cites the above passage from
1920:
342:, Valhalla "is well known because it plays so large a part in images of warfare and death," yet the significance of other halls in Norse mythology such as
79:, for example, has a world-weary female character declare that she will never taste food again until she dines with Freyja. Fólkvangr is attested in the
1915:
1409:
1339:
618:
2980:
858:
408:. Afterlife beliefs involving strong nautical elements, and, separately, afterlife fields, have been identified in numerous Indo-European cultures …"
1815:
4189:
2378:
686:
Old Norse
Religions in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, June 3-7, 2004
438:
developed the "Folkwang-Gedanke" or "Folkwang-Konzept", that art and life can be reconciled. Several cultural institutions bearing the name
851:
2252:
1499:
3190:
1088:
2073:
2068:
3152:
2892:
2774:
259:(here anglicized as "Thorgerd") says she will go without food and thus starve to death, and in doing so will meet the goddess Freyja:
757:
Näsström, Britt-Mari (1999). "Freyja - The
Trivalent Goddess" as collected in Sand, Reenberg Erik. Sørensen, Jørgen Podemann (1999).
1797:
823:
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784:
766:
752:
712:
694:
678:
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176:
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459:
4194:
1081:
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2322:
669:
383:
In a 2012 paper, Joseph S. Hopkins and Haukur Þorgeirsson propose a connection between Fólkvangr, Sessrúmnir, and numerous
3423:
215:
1057:
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4141:
3289:
2935:
1016:
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388:
4199:
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2125:
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908:
2655:
2237:
2210:
2205:
2145:
2120:
1319:
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that Freyja allots seats in her hall Fólkvangr to half of those that die, while Odin receives the other half (
128:
626:
3183:
3037:
1047:
744:
252:
3959:
3255:
1907:
1825:
776:
728:
492:, a term used as a gloss for Christian paradise in Anglo-Saxon texts, whose latter component means 'field'
455:
2860:
2792:
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3782:
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123:
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2140:
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1996:
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58:
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879:
435:
2797:
2720:
2685:
2680:
1762:
1592:
1201:
1156:
836:
483:
442:(the German spelling of Fólkvangr) were founded on this concept. These institutions include the
309:
281:
4151:
3863:
3762:
3663:
3639:
3456:
3367:
3157:
3147:
3006:
2970:
2620:
2359:
1642:
875:
819:
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762:
748:
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35:
3991:
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92:
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843:
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3597:
3549:
3087:
2295:
2043:
1108:
828:
443:
357:
relates that "whenever she rides into battle she takes half of the slain," and interprets
152:
65:
where half of those that die in combat go upon death, whilst the other half go to the god
42:
3011:
2640:
2575:
2418:
2302:
1772:
1722:
1712:
1637:
718:
4066:
4048:
4006:
3917:
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3810:
3805:
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2743:
2700:
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2408:
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2232:
1885:
1747:
1582:
1271:
959:
954:
723:
30:
1414:
4183:
4166:
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3309:
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2600:
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2342:
2317:
2242:
2220:
2130:
2078:
1991:
1612:
1452:
1404:
794:
476:
100:
1602:
1547:
1186:
3658:
3337:
3314:
3265:
3247:
2787:
2115:
1073:
807:
315:
210:
2690:
2650:
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1870:
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1206:
739:
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2001:
1687:
1597:
1562:
1552:
1517:
1021:
964:
734:
489:
418:
296:
103:. Scholarly theories have been proposed about the implications of the location.
81:
789:
Scudder, Bernard (Trans.) (2001). "Egils saga" as collected in various (2001).
4161:
4156:
4146:
3981:
3976:
3922:
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3582:
3122:
2842:
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2510:
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2006:
1647:
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1026:
384:
247:
87:
75:
2227:
1742:
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3304:
3199:
3077:
2882:
2850:
2760:
2715:
2615:
2464:
2449:
2190:
2053:
1672:
1622:
1617:
1537:
990:
404:
the "Isis" of the Suebi, who is associated with ship symbolism in
Tacitus’s
338:
descriptions adds that Sessrúmnir is located within Fólkvangr. According to
50:
3082:
2755:
2444:
2337:
1845:
1835:
1805:
1782:
1354:
1241:
1135:
343:
274:
as an example, and points to a potential additional connection in the saga
759:
Comparative Studies in History of Religions: Their Aim, Scope and Validity
4071:
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3650:
3592:
3587:
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1757:
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1329:
1314:
1226:
1196:
1181:
1171:
1006:
969:
933:
928:
85:, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the
70:
17:
4076:
3996:
3827:
3717:
3693:
3562:
3496:
3362:
3347:
3219:
3072:
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2413:
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2021:
1840:
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1324:
1281:
1261:
1216:
1176:
1148:
1031:
227:
3168:
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4116:
3845:
3777:
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3514:
3357:
2520:
2485:
2195:
2105:
2095:
2048:
1890:
1830:
1542:
1479:
1442:
1394:
1309:
985:
903:
898:
471:
62:
54:
2916:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
2031:
1875:
1677:
1424:
1419:
1359:
1251:
923:
893:
450:(opened 1902), the publishing house Folkwang-Verlag (founded 1919),
372:
285:
4040:
3945:
3881:
3668:
3625:
3572:
3461:
3329:
3282:
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3067:
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2500:
2327:
2272:
2180:
2175:
2110:
2058:
2011:
1895:
1880:
1777:
1727:
1717:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1662:
1627:
1577:
1527:
1474:
1457:
1447:
1434:
1379:
1364:
1304:
1299:
1221:
1166:
1161:
913:
740:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
462:, focusing on music, theater, dance, design and academic studies.
447:
223:
219:
29:
480:
as a kenning meaning 'lady of the slain' or 'Freyja of the slain'
4099:
4094:
3899:
3876:
3871:
3747:
3615:
3476:
3277:
3042:
3021:
2855:
2828:
2285:
2280:
2016:
1865:
1787:
1702:
1344:
1334:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1211:
1062:
918:
347:
66:
3172:
1077:
847:
4126:
2063:
1374:
1294:
53:"field of the host" or "people-field" or "army-field") is a
73:. Others were also brought to Fólkvangr after their death;
361:
as "the field of the Warriors." Näsström comments that:
1966:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
603:
601:
226:
in disguise) that Freyja is "the most glorious of the
4085:
4057:
4039:
4023:
4005:
3967:
3958:
3931:
3908:
3890:
3862:
3844:
3826:
3791:
3738:
3649:
3638:
3606:
3548:
3505:
3487:
3447:
3436:
3409:
3376:
3328:
3246:
3218:
3207:
3140:
3030:
2989:
2908:
2901:
2811:
2773:
2478:
2427:
2386:
2377:
1984:
1906:
1796:
1498:
1433:
1280:
1147:
1124:
1040:
999:
978:
942:
886:
717:
Hopkins, Joseph S. and Haukur Þorgeirsson (2012). "
379:Stone ships and Proto-Germanic afterlife location
350:dwells, and Freyja's Fólkvangr have been lost.
190:The half of the dead each day does she choose,
3184:
1089:
859:
422:, potentially pointing to an early Germanic '
8:
564:
562:
353:Britt-Mari Näsström places emphasis on that
2818:
1118:Mythological Norse people, items and places
516:
514:
184:The ninth is Folkvang, where Freyja decrees
160:Fôlkvang is the ninth, there Freyia directs
3964:
3646:
3444:
3215:
3191:
3177:
3169:
2905:
2383:
1144:
1096:
1082:
1074:
866:
852:
844:
1916:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
501:
280:, where the queen hangs herself in the
166:She half the fallen chooses each day,
7:
99:, within Fólkvangr is Freyja's hall
1976:named weapons, armour and treasures
833:The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson
773:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
670:The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe
3153:Heathenry (new religious movement)
810:(2007) translated by Angela Hall.
699:Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995).
673:(illustrated edition). Routledge.
25:
1017:Horse burial in Germanic paganism
187:Who shall have seats in the hall;
91:, written in the 13th century by
1816:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
812:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
659:American-Scandinavian Foundation
607:Hopkins and Haukur (2012:14-17).
460:Folkwang University of the Arts
330:description keeps close to the
322:is "surely not much older than
2253:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
665:Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis
452:Folkwang Kammerorchester Essen
1:
458:in Essen (founded 1974), and
255:refuses to eat, his daughter
4190:Locations in Norse mythology
1058:Rebirth in Germanic paganism
284:(Old Norse "the Hall of the
2323:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
761:. Museum Tusculanum Press.
619:"History - Museum Folkwang"
486:, the field of the god Thor
434:Early in the 20th century,
326:itself", and adds that the
4221:
2990:Festivals and holy periods
334:description, yet that the
61:ruled over by the goddess
4112:
2258:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
1971:named animals and plants
1115:
689:. Nordic Academic Press.
277:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
193:And half does Othin have.
163:the sittings in the hall.
2079:Black elves (Svartálfar)
909:Hel (mythological being)
617:GmbH, BOROS.INTERAKTIV.
416:, including Old English
318:theorizes that the name
169:but Odin th' other half.
2961:Sacred trees and groves
2201:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2074:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1048:Death in Norse paganism
791:The Sagas of Icelanders
745:Oxford University Press
27:Norse mythical location
2819:
2069:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1718:Narfi (father of Nott)
771:Orchard, Andy (1997).
729:University of Helsinki
474:, a name appearing in
410:
368:
268:
202:
135:is here anglicized to
121:, Odin (disguised, or
38:
4195:Conceptions of heaven
2211:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1490:Sister-wife of Njörðr
719:The Ship in the Field
538:Bellows (1923:90–91).
393:
363:
261:
204:In chapter 24 of the
145:
33:
4015:Happy hunting ground
3748:14 planetary systems
2981:Wetlands and islands
2101:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
651:Bellows, Henry Adams
456:Folkwang-Musikschule
340:Hilda Ellis Davidson
253:Egill Skallagrímsson
4142:Mythological places
3391:Terrestrial Kingdom
2263:Narfi (son of Loki)
1410:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1053:Matres and Matronae
1012:Hogback (sculpture)
586:Davidson (1993:67).
568:Näsström (1999:61).
556:Scudder (2001:151).
389:"Isis" of the Suebi
222:(described as king
177:Henry Adams Bellows
95:. According to the
4122:Existential planes
2909:Religious practice
2883:Old Norse language
2350:Váli (son of Loki)
2238:Líf and Lífthrasir
2146:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2141:Horses of the Æsir
2121:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1262:Váli (son of Odin)
1105:Old Norse religion
547:Faulkes (1995:24).
520:Lindow (2001:118).
508:Orchard (1997:45).
436:Karl Ernst Osthaus
127:) tells the young
39:
34:"Freya" (1882) by
4175:
4174:
4152:Spirits in prison
4108:
4107:
4032:Land without evil
3954:
3953:
3634:
3633:
3432:
3431:
3424:World of Darkness
3396:Telestial Kingdom
3386:Celestial Kingdom
3368:Sidrat al-Muntaha
3166:
3165:
3158:Nordic Bronze Age
3148:Germanic paganism
3136:
3135:
3007:Germanic calendar
2971:Temple at Uppsala
2769:
2768:
2373:
2372:
2333:Þjálfi and Röskva
2277:Personifications
1140:and other figures
1071:
1070:
876:Germanic paganism
831:(Trans.) (1907).
595:Dobat (2006:186).
529:Thorpe (1907:21).
299:says that if the
201:
200:
180:
156:
117:collected in the
36:Carl Emil Doepler
16:(Redirected from
4212:
4200:Norse underworld
4087:Ancient Egyptian
3987:Thirteen Heavens
3965:
3647:
3578:Asphodel Meadows
3445:
3216:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3170:
2906:
2824:
2591:Grove of fetters
2384:
2091:Fjalar (rooster)
1851:Fjalar and Galar
1145:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1063:Soul (etymology)
1000:Burial practices
868:
861:
854:
845:
829:Thorpe, Benjamin
638:
637:
635:
634:
625:. Archived from
614:
608:
605:
596:
593:
587:
584:
578:
577:Simek (2007:87).
575:
569:
566:
557:
554:
548:
545:
539:
536:
530:
527:
521:
518:
509:
506:
454:(founded 1958),
430:Modern influence
346:, where the god
175:
151:
147:
146:
93:Snorri Sturluson
21:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4104:
4081:
4053:
4035:
4019:
4001:
3950:
3927:
3904:
3886:
3858:
3840:
3822:
3787:
3734:
3641:
3630:
3602:
3598:Fortunate Isles
3544:
3501:
3483:
3439:
3428:
3405:
3372:
3324:
3242:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3167:
3162:
3132:
3088:Norse cosmology
3026:
2985:
2897:
2893:Later influence
2807:
2765:
2479:Other locations
2474:
2423:
2369:
2296:Sumarr and Vetr
1980:
1902:
1792:
1593:Gjálp and Greip
1494:
1429:
1276:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1072:
1067:
1036:
995:
974:
938:
882:
872:
842:
837:Norrœna Society
727:3, 2011:14-18.
655:The Poetic Edda
646:
641:
632:
630:
623:Museum Folkwang
616:
615:
611:
606:
599:
594:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
567:
560:
555:
551:
546:
542:
537:
533:
528:
524:
519:
512:
507:
503:
499:
468:
444:Museum Folkwang
432:
381:
294:
243:
236:
153:Benjamin Thorpe
109:
43:Norse mythology
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4218:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4049:The Summerland
4045:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4007:Plains Indians
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3918:Chinvat Bridge
3914:
3912:
3910:Zoroastrianism
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3854:Grotto-heavens
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3720:
3715:
3713:Formless Realm
3710:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3419:World of Light
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:Garden of Eden
3292:
3290:Kingdom of God
3287:
3286:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2783:Æsir–Vanir War
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Hoddmímis holt
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Körmt and Örmt
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1886:Sons of Ivaldi
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1232:Móði and Magni
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
982:
980:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Hel (location)
952:
946:
944:
940:
939:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
873:
871:
870:
863:
856:
848:
841:
840:
826:
805:
787:
769:
755:
732:
724:RMN Newsletter
715:
697:
681:
662:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:
609:
597:
588:
579:
570:
558:
549:
540:
531:
522:
510:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
487:
481:
467:
464:
431:
428:
426:of the dead'.
380:
377:
293:
290:
267:
266:
242:
237:
235:
232:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
172:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
108:
105:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4217:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4178:
4168:
4167:Well of Souls
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Millennialism
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3706:Brahmā worlds
3704:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:Eastern/Asian
3637:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:New Jerusalem
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:Throne of God
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:Seven heavens
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Öndvegissúlur
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Heitstrenging
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Völsung Cycle
2876:
2874:
2873:Tyrfing Cycle
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:Gesta Danorum
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Fróði's Peace
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Shield-maiden
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
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824:0-85991-513-1
821:
817:
813:
809:
808:Simek, Rudolf
806:
804:
803:0-14-100003-1
800:
796:
795:Penguin Group
792:
788:
786:
785:0-304-34520-2
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767:87-7289-533-0
764:
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753:0-19-515382-0
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679:0-415-04937-7
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629:on 2021-10-28
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398:Ynglinga saga
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19:
4177:
3969:Mesoamerican
3801:Three Worlds
3674:Animal world
3659:Desire Realm
3519:
3401:Spirit world
3315:Pearly gates
3266:Third Heaven
3248:Christianity
2841:
2834:
2827:
2798:Hjaðningavíg
2576:Glæsisvellir
2530:
2116:Gullinbursti
1763:Útgarða-Loki
1157:Almáttki áss
949:
832:
811:
790:
772:
758:
738:
735:Lindow, John
722:
700:
684:
668:
654:
631:. Retrieved
627:the original
622:
612:
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582:
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552:
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382:
369:
364:
358:
355:Gylfaginning
354:
352:
336:Gylfaginning
335:
331:
328:Gylfaginning
327:
323:
319:
316:Rudolf Simek
314:
310:Hjaðningavíg
304:
300:
295:
292:Implications
275:
271:
269:
246:
244:
239:
211:Gylfaginning
209:
205:
203:
179:translation:
174:
155:translation:
150:
140:
136:
132:
122:
118:
112:
111:In the poem
110:
107:Attestations
96:
86:
80:
74:
46:
40:
3811:Madhya Loka
3806:Urdhva Loka
3679:Human world
3530:Neorxnawang
3440:mythologies
2956:Reginnaglar
2888:Orthography
2861:Jómsvíkinga
2836:Poetic Edda
2749:Urðarbrunnr
2744:Mímisbrunnr
2676:Singasteinn
2606:Hindarfjall
2586:Gnipahellir
2566:Ginnungagap
2541:Fyrisvellir
2536:Fornsigtuna
2470:Vimur River
2460:Slidr River
2233:Jörmungandr
1643:Hrímgrímnir
1272:Vili and Vé
1022:Ship burial
965:Neorxnawang
816:D.S. Brewer
490:Neorxnawang
419:Neorxnawang
385:stone ships
303:element of
297:John Lindow
119:Poetic Edda
82:Poetic Edda
4184:Categories
4162:Utopianism
4157:Underworld
4147:Otherworld
4067:Summerland
3982:Tamoanchan
3923:Hamistagan
3836:Sach Khand
3783:Akshardham
3701:Form Realm
3583:Myth of Er
3477:Tech Duinn
3467:Tír na nÓg
3457:Otherworld
3123:Viking Age
3098:Philosophy
2966:Sonargöltr
2851:Runestones
2843:Prose Edda
2788:Fimbulvetr
2739:Hvergelmir
2706:Valaskjálf
2666:Sessrúmnir
2636:Jötunheimr
2611:Hlidskjalf
2601:Himinbjörg
2571:Glaðsheimr
2556:Gastropnir
2511:Bilskirnir
2491:Amsvartnir
2404:Gjallarbrú
2387:Underworld
2343:Landvættir
2243:Loddfáfnir
2221:Svaðilfari
2206:Hófvarpnir
2151:Blóðughófi
2131:Hildisvíni
2007:Aurvandill
1768:Vafþrúðnir
1753:Þrúðgelmir
1613:Harðgreipr
1027:Stone ship
644:References
633:2017-05-24
477:Njáls saga
332:Grímnismál
324:Grímnismál
272:Egils saga
248:Egils saga
240:Egils saga
206:Prose Edda
114:Grímnismál
101:Sessrúmnir
97:Prose Edda
88:Prose Edda
76:Egils Saga
4059:Theosophy
3816:Adho Loka
3768:Vaikuntha
3728:Sukhavati
3723:Pure land
3669:Pretaloka
3642:religions
3520:Fólkvangr
3411:Mandaeism
3378:Mormonism
3305:Purgatory
3211:religions
3209:Abrahamic
3202:locations
3200:Afterlife
3078:Mead hall
3012:Þorrablót
2866:Legendary
2761:Yggdrasil
2721:Víðbláinn
2716:Vanaheimr
2691:Þrymheimr
2686:Þrúðvangr
2681:Þrúðheimr
2651:Munarvágr
2641:Mímameiðr
2616:Hnitbjorg
2531:Fólkvangr
2516:Brávellir
2465:Vadgelmir
2450:Kerlaugar
2419:Niðafjöll
2379:Locations
2355:Valkyries
2303:Sæhrímnir
2191:Gulltoppr
2156:Falhófnir
2054:Einherjar
2037:Landdísir
1871:Mótsognir
1861:Hreiðmarr
1773:Víðblindi
1723:Sökkmímir
1713:Mögþrasir
1673:Hyrrokkin
1638:Hrímgerðr
1633:Hræsvelgr
1623:Helreginn
1618:Helblindi
1538:Bergelmir
1202:Ítreksjóð
1109:mythology
991:Einherjar
950:Fólkvangr
943:Locations
880:mythology
874:Death in
484:Þrúðvangr
472:Valfreyja
359:Fólkvangr
320:Fólkvangr
305:Fólkvangr
282:dísarsalr
133:Fólkvangr
51:Old Norse
47:Fólkvangr
18:Folkvangr
4072:Devachan
3992:Tlālōcān
3933:Tengrism
3892:Japanese
3753:Ādi Śeṣa
3740:Hinduism
3651:Buddhism
3593:Tartarus
3588:Empyrean
3525:Valhalla
3507:Germanic
3472:Mag Mell
3438:European
3353:Jahannam
3343:As-Sirāt
3300:Paradise
3233:Gehinnom
3228:Gan Eden
3141:See also
3063:Hamingja
3017:Vetrnætr
3002:Dísablót
2997:Álfablót
2803:Ragnarök
2711:Valhalla
2701:Útgarðar
2646:Myrkviðr
2631:Járnviðr
2626:Iðavöllr
2546:Gálgviðr
2526:Fensalir
2435:Élivágar
2409:Náströnd
2399:Éljúðnir
2268:Níðhöggr
2216:Sleipnir
2186:Gullfaxi
2086:Fimafeng
2002:Auðumbla
1821:Billingr
1748:Þrívaldi
1733:Suttungr
1688:Járnsaxa
1658:Hrungnir
1588:Gillingr
1583:Geirröðr
1563:Fárbauti
1553:Býleistr
1518:Angrboða
1470:Gullveig
1182:Heimdall
1172:Dellingr
1041:See also
1007:Bog body
979:Entities
970:Valhalla
960:Náströnd
934:Valkyrie
929:Sleipnir
737:(2001).
705:Everyman
667:(1993).
653:(1923).
466:See also
440:Folkwang
406:Germania
257:Þorgerðr
234:Theories
220:Gangleri
141:Folkvang
137:Fôlkvang
71:Valhalla
4077:Nirvana
3997:Xibalba
3977:Mictlān
3864:Chinese
3828:Sikhism
3793:Jainism
3773:Kailash
3718:Nirvana
3563:Elysium
3497:Tuonela
3363:Malakut
3348:Barzakh
3220:Judaism
3093:Numbers
3073:Kenning
2946:Worship
2902:Society
2812:Sources
2731:Vingólf
2726:Vígríðr
2696:Uppsala
2661:Okolnir
2581:Glitnir
2551:Gandvik
2506:Bifröst
2496:Andlang
2414:Niflhel
2360:Völundr
2308:Skírnir
2248:Móðguðr
2044:Dragons
2027:Byggvir
1856:Gandalf
1841:Dvalinn
1811:Andvari
1648:Hrímnir
1603:Gunnlöð
1573:Fornjót
1568:Fjölvar
1548:Bölþorn
1523:Aurboða
1513:Alvaldi
1465:Gersemi
1282:Ásynjur
1187:Hermóðr
1177:Forseti
1127:Deities
1032:Tumulus
887:Figures
777:Cassell
424:*wangaz
251:, when
228:ásynjur
124:Grímnir
4205:Freyja
4132:Heaven
4117:Avalon
3960:Others
3846:Taoism
3778:Goloka
3763:Naraka
3758:Svarga
3689:Heaven
3608:Slavic
3568:Erebus
3515:Asgard
3489:Finnic
3449:Celtic
3358:Jannah
3256:Heaven
2936:Horses
2775:Events
2756:Ýdalir
2735:Wells
2671:Sindri
2656:Nóatún
2521:Brimir
2486:Asgard
2445:Ífingr
2428:Rivers
2338:Vættir
2196:Gyllir
2106:Fylgja
2096:Fenrir
2049:Draugs
1985:Others
1908:Heroes
1891:Brokkr
1846:Fáfnir
1836:Dúrnir
1831:Durinn
1806:Alvíss
1798:Dwarfs
1783:Vörnir
1693:Laufey
1558:Eggþér
1543:Bestla
1500:Jötnar
1485:Njörðr
1480:Kvasir
1443:Freyja
1395:Snotra
1355:Njörun
1310:Gefjon
1267:Víðarr
1207:Lóðurr
1136:jötnar
1132:dwarfs
986:Draugr
904:Gefjon
899:Freyja
822:
801:
783:
765:
751:
711:
693:
677:
414:wangaz
344:Ýdalir
265:dead.'
218:tells
63:Freyja
55:meadow
4041:Wicca
3946:Tamağ
3941:Uçmag
3882:Youdu
3684:Asura
3626:Vyraj
3573:Orcus
3558:Hades
3550:Greek
3535:Gimlé
3462:Annwn
3330:Islam
3320:Hades
3283:Limbo
3238:Sheol
3128:Völva
3118:Skald
3113:Seiðr
3108:Runes
3103:Rings
3068:Heiti
3053:Galdr
3048:Félag
3038:Death
3031:Other
2941:Hörgr
2856:Sagas
2596:Heiðr
2561:Gimlé
2501:Barri
2440:Gjöll
2365:Vörðr
2328:Troll
2313:Sköll
2273:Norns
2181:Grani
2176:Glenr
2166:Glaðr
2136:Hjúki
2111:Garmr
2064:Elves
2059:Eldir
2032:Dísir
2012:Beyla
1946:Hi–Hy
1896:Eitri
1881:Regin
1826:Dáinn
1778:Vosud
1758:Þrymr
1738:Þjazi
1728:Surtr
1698:Leikn
1668:Hymir
1663:Hrymr
1653:Hroðr
1628:Hljod
1608:Gymir
1598:Gríðr
1578:Gangr
1528:Baugi
1475:Hnoss
1458:Yngvi
1448:Freyr
1435:Vanir
1415:Þrúðr
1390:Skaði
1385:Sjöfn
1380:Sigyn
1365:Rindr
1350:Nanna
1330:Iðunn
1315:Gerðr
1305:Fulla
1300:Frigg
1227:Mímir
1222:Meili
1197:Hœnir
1167:Bragi
1162:Baldr
914:Norns
497:Notes
448:Essen
373:dísir
301:Fólk-
224:Gylfi
208:book
129:Agnar
59:field
4100:Duat
4095:Aaru
4025:Tupi
3900:Yomi
3877:Diyu
3872:Tian
3694:Yāma
3664:Hell
3616:Iriy
3338:Araf
3278:Hell
3058:Goði
3043:Ergi
3022:Yule
2921:Blót
2829:Edda
2291:Nótt
2286:Elli
2281:Dagr
2228:Jörð
2171:Glær
2161:Gísl
2022:Búri
2017:Borr
1997:Auðr
1941:H–He
1866:Litr
1788:Ymir
1743:Þökk
1708:Logi
1703:Litr
1533:Beli
1508:Ægir
1370:Sága
1345:Lofn
1340:Irpa
1335:Ilmr
1325:Hlín
1257:Ullr
1247:Thor
1237:Odin
1217:Máni
1212:Loki
1192:Höðr
1149:Æsir
1107:and
919:Odin
878:and
820:ISBN
799:ISBN
781:ISBN
763:ISBN
749:ISBN
709:ISBN
701:Edda
691:ISBN
675:ISBN
348:Ullr
216:High
139:and
67:Odin
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