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was increasingly their focus was that of the rural (and to a lesser extent industrial) working classes. The clubs were known for the amateur nature of their performances, often including, or even focusing on local âfloor singersâ, of members who would step up to sing one or two songs. They also had âresidentsâ, usually talented local performers who would perform regular short sets of songs. In the late 1960s and early 1970s especially in the West country there was quite a revival of local folk clubs with regular weekly gatherings in places like
347:
72:
120:, with the emphasis increasingly placed on English traditional music and singing the songs of one's own culture, e.g. English singers should avoid imitating Americans and vice versa, using authentic acoustic instruments and styles of accompaniment. This led to the creation of strict 'policy clubs', that pursued a pure and traditional form of music. This became the model for a rapidly expanding movement and soon every major city in Britain had its own folk club.
313:
public join at least 24 hours in advance, not on the night of the actual performance. Licensing laws changed over the following years. As a result of changes by the Live Music Act 2012, for example, live music in on-licensed premises is no longer a licensable activity between 08:00 and 23:00 hours before audiences of up to 200 people.
497:
produced a live broadcast from this club called "Live at Passim's"; today the club is known as Club Passim). Other lesser known clubs, such as the Turk's Head and the Sword in the Stone (on
Charles Street) and, later, the Idler (in Cambridge), also helped to make up what was known as "The Boston Folk
407:
and others. The vocal group
Garland had a loyal following on the Dublin folk circuit and continued singing as a group for about twenty five years. They mainly played in Dublin clubs such as The Coffee Kitchen, The Universal, The Swamp in Inchicore and The Neptune Folk Club. Garland eventually ran the
172:
Although the name suggests a fixed space, most clubs were simply a regular gathering, usually in the back or upstairs room of a public house on a weekly basis. These clubs were largely an urban phenomenon and most members seem to have been from the urbanised middle classes, although the material that
596:
While the folk boom gave way to its rock descendants, forcing many clubs to close or to move to more electric music, in recent years, a number of venues have offered acoustic music (usually original) in a way that continues at least part of the function of the folk clubs. Traditional music, however,
398:
The first folk club in Dublin was the Coffee
Kitchen in Molesworth St., run by Pearse McCall, where Johnny Moynihan met Joe Dolan and Andy Irvine and formed Sweeney's Men. Johnny also played in the Neptune Folk Club on Cunningham Road, where he introduced the sea shanty to the Irish Folk Scene. The
312:
Since 2002 A "public entertainment licence" was required from local authorities for almost any kind of public performance of music. To avoid the constant need to re-apply for licences for new events, some folk clubs opted to create a "Private members club" instead. This required that members of the
111:
As the craze subsided from the mid-1950s many of these clubs began to shift towards the performance of
English traditional folk material, partly as a reaction to the growth of American dominated pop and rock nâ roll music. The Ballad and Blues Club became the âSinger Clubâ and, in 1961 moved to the
90:
in London and
Birmingham to form clubs where traditional music could be performed. A few private clubs, like the Good Earth Club and the overtly political Topic Club in London, were formed by the mid-1950s and were providing a venue for folk song, but the folk club movement received its major boost
443:
Also, Irish cultural centres have existed in the United
Kingdom since the 1950s, primarily for the descendants of Irish immigrants. Mostly on Friday and Saturday nights these have been folk clubs in all but name. They have been able to book major Irish bands that ordinary folk clubs could not have
123:
By the mid-1960s there were probably over 300 in
Britain, providing an important circuit for acts that performed traditional songs and tunes acoustically, where some could sustain a living by playing to a small but committed audience. Scottish folk clubs were less dogmatic than their English
95:
craze, from about 1955 to 1959, creating a demand for opportunities to play versions of
American folk, blues and jazz music, often on assorted acoustic and improvised instruments. This included, as the name suggests, the 'Ballad and Blues' club in The Round House,
260:
The decline began to stabilise in the mid-1990s with the resurgence of interest in folk music and there are now over 160 folk clubs in the United
Kingdom, including many that can trace their origins back to the 1950s including The Bridge Folk Club in
296:
The nature of surviving folk clubs has also changed significantly, many larger clubs use PA systems, opening the door to use of electric instruments, although drums and full electric line-ups remain rare. The mix of music often includes
366:
was founded, dedicated to the promotion of the music, song, and dance of
Ireland. Also, during the following years, came a growth of interest in the folk revival that was taking place in Britain and the US, and the success of
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220:
who were able to tour the clubs as a circuit and who also became major recording artists. A later generation of performers used the folk club circuit for highly successful mainstream careers, including
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counterparts and continued to encourage a mixture of Scottish, Irish, English and American material. Early on they hosted traditional performers, including Donald Higgins and the
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and organised music competitions. Dancing and singing took place at well-known venues where local and itinerant musicians were welcome. An older style of singing called
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1989:
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After a decline through the nineteen forties, an effort was made by a group of pipers to revive the folk tradition. The first national festival of
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in the US. Folk clubs sprung up in Dublin and other Irish cities and towns in the early sixties, which were frequented by the likes of the
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363:
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87:
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50:, they played a key role not only in acoustic music, but in launching the careers of groups that later became rock and roll acts.
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1046:(Oct. 1994) "Club death: have folk clubs gone irrevocably into senility? Should we care? Are there any green shoots of revival?"
265:(previously called the Folk Song and Ballad club) claims to the oldest club still in existence in its original venue (1953). In
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436:. However the number of folk clubs as such declined after 1980, and at the same time there was a growth of popularity in
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42:. Folk clubs were primarily an urban phenomenon of 1960s and 1970s Great Britain and Ireland, and vital to the second
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782:
R. H. Finnegan, The Hidden Musicians: Music-Making in an English Town (Wesleyan University Press, 2007), pp. 57â61.
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478:" but would evolve into "Singerâsongwriter" music as more and more acoustic musicians performed original material.
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in Cambridge Circus, were both casualties. The Singers Club (George IV, Lincoln's Inn) closed its doors in 1993.
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group. The Tradition Folk Club on Wednesdays in Slattery's of Capel Street hosted the Press Gang, Al O'Donnell,
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The number of clubs began to decline in the 1980s, in the face of changing musical and social trends. In London
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343:. Under pressure from the clergy and the government of the time these were forced to curtail their activities.
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Folk Club in the Blessington Inn (also known as the Blue Gardenia). They had such guests as Johnny Moynihan,
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became popular on the folk scene. There was a weekly radio programme on the Dublin Folk Scene presented by
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was the most famous nexus for folk clubs in the Sixties. While some music took place quite informally in
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which was at the root of these developments, is more often offered by local folk societies, such as
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A revival of Irish traditional music took place around the turn of the 20th century, which included
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Christoph Grunenberg Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and Counterculture in the 1960s
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got her start. Later, this became Passim's. (During most of the Seventies, local station
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269:, Sandy Bell's club in Forest Hill has been running since the late 1960s. In London, the
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900:"Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos"
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Many of these later emerged as major performers in their own right, including
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performed regularly along with local singers performing "Come all Ye" nights
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108:, although the date and nature of the club in its early years is disputed.
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sang, became a poetry club in the 1990s, but is now a folk club again.
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/event/folkawards2009/previouswinners.shtml
876:
Poetry Wars: British Poetry of the 1970s and the Battle of Earls Court
34:
is a regular event, permanent venue, or section of a venue devoted to
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1972:
1945:
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The Imagined Village: Culture, Ideology, and the English Folk Revival
648:
The Imagined Village: Culture, Ideology, and the English Folk Revival
498:
Scene". A number of lesser-known but still active musicians, such as
186:
46:, but continue today there and elsewhere. In America, as part of the
1426:
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offered two such non-alcohol clubs: Manny Rubin's tiny Second Fret (
474:
were also central to the development of what was originally called "
2550:
1967:
1933:
1692:
1275:
1016:"Garage Hangover | The site for '60s garage bands since 2004"
345:
194:
70:
62:
128:, beside English performers and new Scottish revivalists such as
1697:
494:
101:
1092:
160:. In Scotland there were notable clubs in Aberdeen. Edinburgh (
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482:
is one example of a pop group that started in the folk world.
793:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
763:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
742:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
721:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
700:
Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music
532:, an intimate club featuring artists on their way up such as
1131:
Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage
309:
Folk Awards have included an award for the best folk club.
551:
In California, one important San Francisco club was the
140:. Some of the most influential clubs in the UK included
2977:
Cultural organisations based in the Republic of Ireland
1055:
Singing from the Floor: A History of British Folk Clubs
991:"About the Me&Thee | Me&Thee Coffeehouse"
920:. Setdancingnews.net. 14 January 2006. Archived from
339:
was still found, mainly for very poetic songs in the
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1988:
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2962:Cultural organisations based in the United Kingdom
399:Auld Triangle was the favourite folk club of the
967:Johnny Moynihan, Folk Magazine, No.1 1967, p. 12
201:where a new group of local performers such as
1104:
8:
676:(Manchester University Press, 1993), p. 237.
650:(Manchester University Press, 1993), p. 231.
829:(Liverpool University Press, 2005), p. 139.
1680:
1529:
1467:
1143:
1111:
1097:
1089:
27:Venue devoted to traditional or folk music
1061:Folk Clubs, Greater Manchester, 1960-1999
702:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
485:In Boston, the most famous venue was the
416:. In the following decade groups such as
335:("in the old style"), which is a form of
626:
599:Calliope: Pittsburgh Folk Music Society
577:claims to be the oldest folk-oriented
7:
350:The Dublin City Rounders at Whelan's
814:The British Folk Revival, 1944â2002
689:(Ashgate, Aldershot, 2003), p. 114.
661:The British Folk Revival, 1944â2002
635:The British Folk Revival, 1944â2002
603:Athens Folk Music and Dance Society
88:English Folk Dance and Song Society
687:The British Folk Revival 1944â2002
567:has been in operation since 1968.
25:
863:Frommer's Edinburgh & Glasgow
795:(Oxford University Press, 2005),
765:(Oxford University Press, 2005),
744:(Oxford University Press, 2005),
723:(Oxford University Press, 2005),
506:, also developed in this milieu.
878:(Salt Publishing, 2006), p. 173.
2844:20th-century Western folk music
980:(Greenwood, 2006), pp. 169â170.
86:there had been attempts by the
978:Culture and Customs of Ireland
67:The "Princess Louise", Holborn
1:
852:, retrieved 24 February 2009.
581:, having opened in 1960. The
528:suburbs, Jeanette Campbell's
466:, a number of clubs, such as
91:from the short-lived British
2967:Music of the United Kingdom
1050:; Oct. 1994, pp. 28â31
454:American folk music revival
364:Comhaltas CeoltĂłirĂ Ăireann
48:American folk music revival
2993:
1941:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
663:(Ashgate, 2003), pp. 77â8.
637:(Ashgate, 2003), pp. 74â7.
575:Saratoga Springs, New York
514:The New Lost City Ramblers
451:
362:in 1951. In the same year
1251:American primitive guitar
1128:
1121:Folk and indigenous music
865:(Frommer's, 2005, p. 124.
337:traditional Irish singing
2317:Bosnian and Herzegovinan
816:(Ashgate, 2003), p. 132.
583:Eighth Step Coffee House
565:The Freight and Salvage
356:Irish traditional music
249:in Greek Street, where
126:Stewarts of Blairgowrie
1839:by ethnocultural group
1147:By subject or function
464:Washington Square Park
351:
79:
68:
2043:Indigenous Australian
918:"Country House music"
593:was founded in 1967.
349:
74:
66:
1886:Cape Breton fiddling
561:McCabe's Guitar Shop
422:Dublin City Ramblers
373:Abbey Tavern Singers
299:American roots music
152:, in London and the
82:From the end of the
44:British folk revival
2451:Starogradska muzika
2417:Starogradska muzika
2356:Starogradska muzika
2344:Starogradska muzika
2327:Starogradska muzika
848:30 May 2009 at the
480:The Lovin' Spoonful
369:The Clancy Brothers
162:Edinburgh Folk Club
114:Princess Louise pub
2736:Middle Eastern and
1376:Medieval folk rock
1020:Garagehangover.com
924:on 7 February 2012
906:on 5 October 2002.
555:; Los Angeles had
352:
253:often played, and
154:Bristol Troubadour
80:
69:
2972:Folk music venues
2949:
2948:
2830:
2829:
2625:Gaelic folk music
2070:Papua New Guinean
1898:
1897:
1793:
1792:
1455:
1454:
1413:New Weird America
1074:UK Folk Festivals
1063:; The Mudcat Café
843:Venues North East
801:978-0-19-517478-6
771:978-0-19-517478-6
750:978-0-19-517478-6
729:978-0-19-517478-6
708:978-0-19-517478-6
546:Bruce Springsteen
522:Lightnin' Hopkins
472:Gerde's Folk City
460:Greenwich Village
303:British folk rock
40:traditional music
16:(Redirected from
2984:
2941:History of music
2909:Progressive rock
2080:Solomon Islander
2038:White Australian
1685:African-American
1681:
1534:Indigenous North
1530:
1468:
1422:Progressive folk
1403:Psychedelic folk
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902:. Archived from
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587:Albany, New York
585:, originally in
134:Jimmie Macgregor
104:, co-founded by
84:Second World War
21:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2836:
2826:
2805:Anatolian blues
2737:
2730:
2473:Anatolian blues
2276:
2204:Kamrupi Lokgeet
2099:
2055:Easter Islander
2019:
1984:
1894:
1807:Canadian fiddle
1789:
1724:
1679:
1623:
1535:
1528:
1510:Tierra Caliente
1480:Central America
1462:
1451:
1366:Industrial folk
1239:
1176:Christmas carol
1139:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1070:
1057:; London, 2014.
1040:
1038:Further reading
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874:P. Barry, ed.,
873:
869:
860:
856:
850:Wayback Machine
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632:
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623:
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524:), and, in the
456:
450:
401:Emmet Spiceland
319:
255:The Scots Hoose
243:
235:Barbara Dickson
218:Shirley Collins
170:
164:) and Glasgow.
61:
56:
28:
23:
22:
18:Folk music club
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2904:Outlaw country
2901:
2900:
2899:
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2851:
2849:Acoustic music
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2840:
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2828:
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2810:Anatolian rock
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2478:Anatolian rock
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468:The Bitter End
449:
448:American clubs
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418:The Barleycorn
385:The Pattersons
341:Irish language
318:
315:
242:
239:
227:Jasper Carrott
223:Billy Connolly
183:Ottery St Mary
169:
166:
150:The Troubadour
136:(b. 1930) and
98:Wardour Street
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2170:Zhongguo feng
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2050:Cook Islander
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2014:
2013:Gaita zuliana
2011:
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1869:Quebec fiddle
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1223:
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1218:
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1213:Anti-war song
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1199:
1198:Drinking song
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1079:UK folk clubs
1077:
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1044:Peters, Brian
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995:Meandthee.org
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584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Joni Mitchell
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
505:
504:Chris Smither
501:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
455:
447:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
402:
396:
394:
393:Sweeney's Men
390:
386:
382:
381:The Johnstons
378:
377:The Dubliners
374:
370:
365:
361:
357:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
324:
316:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
294:
292:
291:Martin Carthy
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
258:
256:
252:
251:John Renbourn
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
214:Martin Carthy
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
167:
165:
163:
159:
156:in England's
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
119:
115:
109:
107:
103:
99:
94:
89:
85:
77:
73:
65:
58:
54:British clubs
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2897:Laws numbers
2863:
2795:Pontic Greek
2662:Pontic Greek
2583:Morris dance
2522:Celtic metal
2446:Balkan brass
2192:Manila sound
1961:Chutney soca
1765:Country rock
1755:Country folk
1649:Folk revival
1505:Son huasteco
1342:Celtic metal
1313:Celtic metal
1288:Folk baroque
1266:Country folk
1220:Sea shanties
1208:Protest song
1054:
1053:J. P. Bean;
1047:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
985:
977:
976:M. Scanlan,
972:
963:
951:. Retrieved
947:
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
912:
904:the original
894:
883:
875:
870:
862:
857:
838:
834:
826:
825:J. Harris,
821:
813:
812:M. Brocken,
808:
792:
787:
778:
762:
757:
741:
736:
720:
715:
710:, pp. 256â7.
699:
694:
686:
685:M. Brocken,
681:
673:
668:
660:
659:M. Brocken,
655:
647:
642:
634:
633:M. Brocken,
629:
595:
579:Coffee House
569:
550:
510:Philadelphia
508:
500:Bill Staines
484:
457:
442:
438:pub sessions
414:Tony McMahon
397:
358:was held in
353:
330:
320:
311:
295:
275:Earl's Court
259:
244:
207:
203:Cyril Tawney
171:
158:West Country
122:
110:
106:Ewan MacColl
81:
76:Sandy Bell's
31:
29:
2929:World music
2914:Pub session
2887:Roud number
2882:Collections
2874:Instruments
2756:Azerbaijani
2532:Celtic rock
2527:Celtic punk
2402:Montenegrin
2113:Bangladeshi
2065:Marshallese
1760:Country pop
1651:(1950sâ60s)
1637:Appalachian
1500:Son jarocho
1437:Tamang Selo
1356:Folktronica
1347:Celtic punk
1337:Celtic rock
1330:Celtic punk
1193:Dance music
861:B. Shelby,
791:B. Sweers,
761:B. Sweers,
740:B. Sweers,
719:B. Sweers,
698:B. Sweers,
615:Pub session
591:Schenectady
589:and now in
458:New York's
410:Pumpkinhead
405:Frank Harte
317:Irish clubs
307:BBC Radio 2
287:Sandy Denny
247:Les Cousins
241:Later years
142:Les Cousins
138:The Corries
132:(1936â98),
78:, Edinburgh
2956:Categories
2869:Folk dance
2864:Folk clubs
2854:Filk music
2820:Tsifteteli
2667:Portuguese
2642:Lithuanian
2502:Belarusian
2493:Tsifteteli
2456:Turbo-folk
2407:Macedonian
2378:Tsifteteli
2322:Sevdalinka
2265:Vietnamese
2221:Indonesian
2033:Australian
2008:Venezuelan
1922:Kontradans
1855:by region
1812:Indigenous
1775:Rockabilly
1770:Honky-tonk
1743:Roots rock
1720:Spirituals
1660:New Mexico
1522:Panamanian
1463:traditions
1408:Freak folk
1361:Indie folk
1308:Folk metal
1283:Filk music
1188:Children's
1138:Types and
1048:Folk Roots
944:"Sean nos"
672:G. Boyes,
646:G. Boyes,
621:References
571:CaffĂš Lena
476:folk music
452:See also:
444:afforded.
434:Shay Healy
389:TĂr na nĂg
283:Paul Simon
271:Troubadour
210:A.L. Lloyd
191:Barnstaple
130:Robin Hall
36:folk music
2934:Worldbeat
2859:Festivals
2815:Arabesque
2709:Ukrainian
2689:Slovenian
2652:Norwegian
2615:Icelandic
2610:Hungarian
2483:Arabesque
2463:Slovenian
2334:Bulgarian
2260:Pakistani
2250:Mongolian
2140:Cantonese
2125:Bhutanese
1998:Brazilian
1904:Caribbean
1864:Québécois
1750:Bluegrass
1738:Americana
1703:Dixieland
1554:Blackfeet
1461:Regional
1442:Vallenato
1398:Nerd-folk
1325:Folk punk
1303:Folk rock
1293:Folk jazz
1261:Bluegrass
1256:Anti-folk
1235:Work song
1230:War songs
1203:Love song
1140:subgenres
1025:5 January
1000:5 January
953:14 August
928:14 August
773:, p. 112.
752:, p. 113.
542:Phil Ochs
538:Janis Ian
526:Bryn Mawr
495:WCAS (AM)
491:Joan Baez
360:Mullingar
323:feiseanna
301:, blues,
279:Bob Dylan
267:Edinburgh
263:Newcastle
179:Halberton
32:folk club
2837:articles
2835:Related
2761:Egyptian
2751:Assyrian
2746:Armenian
2677:Scottish
2630:Hornpipe
2590:Estonian
2573:Hornpipe
2546:Moravian
2429:Romanian
2373:Rebetiko
2351:Croatian
2305:Albanian
2295:Austrian
2282:European
2255:Nepalese
2226:Japanese
2187:Kundiman
2177:Filipino
2160:Pak-kĂłan
2155:LĂąm-kĂłan
2118:Bhawaiya
2095:Tuvaluan
2085:Tahitian
2025:Oceanian
1929:Jamaican
1881:Maritime
1874:NĂ©o-trad
1859:Prairies
1799:Canadian
1665:Red Dirt
1655:Hawaiian
1642:Old-time
1629:American
1604:Seminole
1574:Iroquois
1544:Canadian
1536:American
1388:Muiñeira
1298:Folk-pop
1181:Koliadka
846:Archived
803:, p. 45.
731:, p. 37.
609:See also
553:hungry i
489:, where
332:sean-nĂłs
277:, where
231:Ian Dury
2800:Turkish
2783:Klezmer
2778:Israeli
2773:Iranian
2766:Fantezi
2714:Cossack
2699:Swedish
2694:Spanish
2672:Russian
2647:Maltese
2637:Latvian
2595:Finnish
2568:English
2488:Fantezi
2468:Turkish
2441:Serbian
2412:Äalgija
2395:Tallava
2390:Kosovan
2385:Italian
2310:Tallava
2270:Quan há»
2182:Bodabil
2165:Teochew
2150:Jingnan
2135:Chinese
2003:Chilean
1951:Chutney
1917:Haitian
1730:Country
1715:Ragtime
1675:Western
1549:Arapaho
1490:Corrido
1485:Mexican
1432:Skiffle
1393:Neofolk
1271:Dangdut
1244:Fusions
1154:Ballads
605:, etc.
487:Club 47
430:Clannad
426:Planxty
199:Padstow
175:Taunton
146:Bunjies
118:Holborn
93:skiffle
59:Origins
2682:Gaelic
2657:Polish
2605:German
2600:French
2558:Danish
2512:Celtic
2507:Breton
2434:Manele
2424:Romani
2339:Chalga
2300:Balkan
2290:Alpine
2238:Korean
2231:Min'yĆ
2214:Sanedo
2209:Rasiya
2199:Indian
2090:Tongan
2075:Samoan
1973:Parang
1946:Cariso
1849:French
1844:Celtic
1670:Tejano
1599:Pueblo
1594:Navajo
1171:Carols
1164:Murder
799:
769:
748:
727:
706:
420:, the
327:cĂ©ilĂs
216:, and
187:Exeter
168:Nature
2892:Child
2878:List
2726:Welsh
2719:Dumka
2704:Swiss
2620:Irish
2563:Dutch
2551:Polka
2541:Czech
2368:LaĂŻko
2363:Greek
2145:Hakka
2105:Asian
2060:Maori
1968:Kaiso
1934:Mento
1912:Cuban
1832:MĂ©tis
1827:Inuit
1693:Blues
1619:Yuman
1614:Yaqui
1609:Sioux
1589:MĂ©tis
1579:Kiowa
1569:Inuit
1515:Yaqui
1276:Koplo
1159:Child
195:Truro
2578:Jigs
2243:Trot
1978:Soca
1822:Innu
1817:Dene
1698:Jazz
1564:Innu
1559:Dene
1027:2021
1002:2021
955:2017
930:2017
797:ISBN
767:ISBN
746:ISBN
725:ISBN
704:ISBN
559:and
544:and
502:and
470:and
428:and
412:and
391:and
289:and
233:and
148:and
102:Soho
38:and
1710:Jug
1447:Xáș©m
1427:RaĂŻ
573:in
273:at
116:in
2958::
1371:Lu
1018:.
993:.
946:.
841:,
601:,
563:.
548:.
540:,
536:,
520:,
516:,
440:.
424:,
395:.
387:,
383:,
379:,
375:,
325:,
285:,
281:,
237:.
229:,
225:,
212:,
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
144:,
100:,
30:A
1112:e
1105:t
1098:v
1029:.
1004:.
957:.
932:.
20:)
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