104:
121:
397:
Following the Soviet victory over the White movement, the
Bolsheviks turned on the Makhnovshchina, attacking the Crimean insurgent units. Karetnyk himself was assassinated, but his detachment managed to escape from the Bolshevik assault in Crimea. The insurgents shifted once again into guerrilla
238:
In
December 1918, he became the commander of an insurgent detachment and, at the beginning of 1919, he became commander of the machine-gun team of the 13th Soviet Regiment. He served as commander of a machine-gun regiment and brigade.
267:
957:
272:
arrived in
Kichkas to arrest Kozhyn, but during the arrest they were captured by Kozhyn's machine gunners and shot. In the face of assaults by both the Reds and the Whites, the insurgents resolved to retreat into the west.
377:
31:
363:'s insurgent cavalry over the crossing, under heavy fire, which seriously wounded Kozhyn himself. Once the crossing was made, the insurgents and other units of the Red Army managed to drive back the
967:
246:, tensions between the two factions heightened over time, culminating with the insurgents being declared outlaws by the Bolshevik government in June 1919. On 20 June 1919, in the region of
316:
broke out between the
Bolsheviks and Makhnovists in early 1920, Kozhyn continued to lead his machine-gun regiment in the 3,000-strong insurgent core, as part of a period of sustained
987:
982:
382:, was repelled by Kozhyn's machine-gun regiment. This reinforced the Soviet flank and allowed them to continue their offensive, eventually forcing the White movement to
1002:
398:
warfare, with Kozhyn leading an isolated detachment against the Red Army. In March 1921, the detachment led by Shchus and Kozhyn managed to reestablish contact with
261:
took command of the machine-gun team from Foma Kozhyn, who was being actively hunted by the commissars. On 27 June, the Red
Special Detachment headed by
300:, where he stayed for three to four days, before withdrawing. When Bolshevik cells began to form within the ranks of the Insurgent Army, as part of the
962:
277:
204:
125:
885:
858:
406:. In May 1921, Kozhyn made the rendezvous, which drew together 2,000 cavalry and multiple infantry regiments, in order to attack Bolshevik
335:. While Makhno himself remained behind in Huliaipole, Kozhyn and his machine-gun regiment continued on, as part of the detachment led by
972:
91:
992:
313:
925:
839:
30:
280:
in the autumn of 1919, Kozhyn was assigned command of a machine-gun regiment and 300 infantry. Following their victory over the
327:, which established an alliance between the Bolsheviks and Makhnovists, the insurgents were able to retake their capital of
997:
977:
164:
216:
56:
332:
220:
174:
60:
426:
262:
383:
907:
179:
414:. Over the subsequent months, the insurgents faced continuous losses, with many being captured or killed.
285:
169:
952:
324:
372:
403:
301:
252:
877:
196:
87:
931:
921:
891:
881:
854:
835:
418:
360:
317:
215:
Foma Kozhyn was born into a peasant family, at the end of the 19th century, in the village of
247:
903:
391:
289:
826:
411:
407:
364:
344:
368:
352:
336:
293:
281:
228:
224:
108:
64:
946:
822:
399:
258:
203:) was a Ukrainian revolutionary and the commander of the machine-gun regiment of the
394:, attributed a leading role in the Soviet victory to Kozhyn's machine-gun regiment.
309:
305:
387:
296:. On 12 October 1919, Kozhyn led his machine-gun regiment in the occupation of
328:
935:
913:
402:, who subsequently ordered them to rendezvous with other insurgent units in
340:
895:
917:
243:
83:
422:
297:
232:
873:
425:
and demanded the execution of Foma Kozhyn, who was lined up before a
356:
348:
339:. Along the way, the insurgent detachment captured Oleksandrivsk and
143:
958:
359:. Early in the morning, Kozhyn's machine gun regiment followed
304:, Kozhyn's machine gun regiment was one of the only units in
851:
Nestor Makhno and Rural
Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–1921
308:
that remained free of
Bolshevik influence, alongside
968:
People executed by the Soviet Union by firing squad
242:Despite the integration of the insurgents into the
157:
149:
139:
131:
114:
97:
70:
47:
37:
21:
367:into a retreat. An attempted counterattack by the
331:, before being ordered to continue with their
988:Ukrainian people executed by the Soviet Union
983:Ukrainian military personnel killed in action
8:
29:
18:
292:and captured most of the region from the
355:ordered the Insurgent Army to cross the
1003:Anarchists executed by the Soviet Union
438:
205:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
126:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
870:Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War
805:
793:
757:
745:
729:
709:
689:
677:
665:
605:
593:
577:
565:
541:
529:
497:
477:
465:
781:
769:
741:
725:
721:
705:
701:
653:
649:
637:
633:
621:
617:
589:
553:
525:
521:
509:
493:
489:
461:
457:
445:
7:
421:telegraphed the Red Army command in
16:Ukrainian revolutionary (died 1921)
288:, the insurgents swept throughout
14:
276:During the reorganisation of the
909:Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack
119:
102:
963:Military personnel from Donetsk
912:. Translated by Sharkey, Paul.
323:After the ratification of the
1:
165:Ukrainian War of Independence
51:
278:Revolutionary Insurgent Army
1019:
973:People from Donetsk Oblast
828:The Roads of Nestor Makhno
175:Northern Taurida Operation
993:Ukrainian revolutionaries
312:' cavalry regiment. When
200:
28:
41:
868:Malet, Michael (1982).
853:. London: Pluto Press.
849:Darch, Colin (2020).
286:Battle of Peregonovka
221:Katerynoslav province
170:Battle of Peregonovka
132:Years of service
998:Ukrainian anarchists
978:Ukrainian guerrillas
704:, pp. 117–118;
636:, pp. 114–115;
408:requisitioning units
384:evacuate from Crimea
347:all the way back to
333:offensive operations
325:Starobilsk agreement
153:Machine-gun Regiment
796:, pp. 258–259.
760:, pp. 254–255.
748:, pp. 246–247.
712:, pp. 239–240.
680:, pp. 230–231.
580:, pp. 223–225.
532:, pp. 124–138.
500:, pp. 117–127.
390:, commander of the
302:Polonsky conspiracy
880:. pp. 45–53.
878:Palgrave Macmillan
744:, pp. 71–72;
528:, pp. 40–48;
524:, pp. 67–80;
496:, pp. 38–42;
492:, pp. 61–69;
468:, pp. 89–120.
464:, pp. 32–39;
460:, pp. 49–62;
904:Skirda, Alexandre
887:978-0-333-25969-6
860:978-0-7453-3888-0
784:, pp. 76–77.
656:, pp. 69–70.
419:Roberts Eidemanis
417:On 22 July 1921,
361:Oleksiy Marchenko
351:. On 9 November,
318:guerrilla warfare
190:
189:
1010:
939:
899:
864:
845:
833:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
739:
733:
719:
713:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
647:
641:
631:
625:
615:
609:
603:
597:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
519:
513:
507:
501:
487:
481:
475:
469:
455:
449:
443:
381:
290:southern Ukraine
271:
256:
202:
180:Siege of Perekop
124:
123:
122:
107:
106:
105:
80:
78:
53:
33:
19:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1007:
943:
942:
928:
902:
888:
867:
861:
848:
842:
834:. РВЦ "Проза".
831:
821:
818:
813:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
752:
740:
736:
724:, p. 118;
720:
716:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:, p. 115;
648:
644:
632:
628:
620:, p. 114;
616:
612:
604:
600:
588:
584:
576:
572:
564:
560:
552:
548:
540:
536:
520:
516:
508:
504:
488:
484:
476:
472:
456:
452:
444:
440:
435:
412:eastern Ukraine
375:
265:
263:Kirill Medvedev
250:
213:
186:
120:
118:
103:
101:
82:
76:
74:
55:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
945:
944:
941:
940:
926:
900:
886:
865:
859:
846:
840:
823:Bilash, Viktor
817:
814:
811:
810:
808:, p. 259.
798:
786:
774:
762:
750:
734:
732:, p. 240.
728:, p. 71;
714:
708:, p. 71;
694:
692:, p. 232.
682:
670:
668:, p. 230.
658:
642:
626:
610:
608:, p. 225.
598:
596:, p. 225.
592:, p. 93;
582:
570:
568:, p. 181.
558:
546:
544:, p. 353.
534:
514:
502:
482:
480:, p. 292.
470:
450:
448:, p. 122.
437:
436:
434:
431:
386:. A report by
373:Ivan Barbovich
369:Kuban Cossacks
353:Mikhail Frunze
343:, pushing the
337:Semen Karetnyk
294:White movement
282:Volunteer Army
229:Donetsk Oblast
225:Russian Empire
212:
209:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
182:
177:
172:
161:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
116:
112:
111:
109:Makhnovshchina
99:
95:
94:
72:
68:
67:
65:Russian Empire
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1015:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
937:
933:
929:
927:1-902593-68-5
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
856:
852:
847:
843:
841:5-7707-3814-6
837:
830:
829:
824:
820:
819:
815:
807:
802:
799:
795:
790:
787:
783:
778:
775:
772:, p. 76.
771:
766:
763:
759:
754:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
679:
674:
671:
667:
662:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
640:, p. 69.
639:
635:
630:
627:
624:, p. 69.
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
602:
599:
595:
591:
586:
583:
579:
574:
571:
567:
562:
559:
556:, p. 51.
555:
550:
547:
543:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
512:, p. 88.
511:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
483:
479:
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
442:
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:Nestor Makhno
395:
393:
389:
385:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Oleksandrivsk
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
269:
264:
260:
259:Nestor Makhno
254:
249:
245:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
208:
206:
198:
194:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
117:
113:
110:
100:
96:
93:
92:Ukrainian SSR
89:
85:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
908:
869:
850:
827:
816:Bibliography
801:
789:
777:
765:
753:
737:
717:
697:
685:
673:
661:
645:
629:
613:
601:
585:
573:
561:
549:
537:
517:
505:
485:
473:
453:
441:
427:firing squad
416:
396:
392:6th Red Army
365:Russian Army
345:Russian Army
322:
310:Fedir Shchus
275:
241:
237:
227:(modern-day
214:
192:
191:
158:Battles/wars
81:22 July 1921
61:Katerynoslav
953:1921 deaths
806:Skirda 2004
794:Skirda 2004
758:Skirda 2004
746:Skirda 2004
730:Skirda 2004
710:Skirda 2004
690:Skirda 2004
678:Skirda 2004
666:Skirda 2004
606:Skirda 2004
594:Skirda 2004
578:Skirda 2004
566:Skirda 2004
542:Bilash 1993
530:Skirda 2004
498:Skirda 2004
478:Bilash 1993
466:Skirda 2004
388:August Kork
376: [
266: [
251: [
217:Katerynivka
193:Foma Kozhyn
57:Katerynivka
38:Native name
23:Foma Kozhyn
947:Categories
782:Malet 1982
770:Malet 1982
742:Malet 1982
726:Malet 1982
722:Darch 2020
706:Malet 1982
702:Darch 2020
654:Malet 1982
650:Darch 2020
638:Malet 1982
634:Darch 2020
622:Malet 1982
618:Darch 2020
590:Malet 1982
554:Malet 1982
526:Malet 1982
522:Darch 2020
510:Malet 1982
494:Malet 1982
490:Darch 2020
462:Malet 1982
458:Darch 2020
446:Malet 1982
433:References
429:and shot.
329:Huliaipole
201:Фома Кожин
98:Allegiance
77:1921-07-22
42:Фома Кожин
914:Edinburgh
906:(2004) .
371:, led by
341:Melitopol
219:, in the
211:Biography
197:Ukrainian
135:1918–1921
936:58872511
918:AK Press
825:(1993).
314:conflict
244:Red Army
150:Commands
84:Taganrog
896:8514426
423:Kharkiv
404:Poltava
298:Yuzivka
284:at the
248:Kichkas
233:Ukraine
223:of the
115:Service
88:Donetsk
934:
924:
894:
884:
874:London
857:
838:
357:Syvash
349:Crimea
144:Otaman
832:(PDF)
380:]
270:]
255:]
54:1890s
932:OCLC
922:ISBN
892:OCLC
882:ISBN
855:ISBN
836:ISBN
235:).
140:Rank
71:Died
48:Born
410:in
949::
930:.
920:.
916::
890:.
876::
872:.
378:ru
320:.
268:ru
257:,
253:uk
231:,
207:.
199::
90:,
86:,
63:,
59:,
52:c.
938:.
898:.
863:.
844:.
195:(
79:)
75:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
