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Fomalhaut b

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a background galaxy, brown dwarf, or a Jovian mass planet. Longer duration observations are anticipated to enhance signal strength and reduce noise, potentially enabling detection of smaller objects. This effort seeks to adjust the detection limit from approximately 0.6 Jupiter masses to around 0.3–0.4 Jupiter masses. Subsequent JWST observations aim to verify or dismiss the existence of S7. Furthermore, the Cycle 2 program may clarify S7's association with Fomalhaut and identify additional planets hinted at by the complex disk structure revealed in the MIRI results, as outlined by the authors.
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detection of Fomalhaut b at 0.4 μm. They modeled the optical detection and infrared upper limits for Fomalhaut b, showing that Fomalhaut b's emission can be completely explained by starlight scattered by small dust and arguing that this dust surrounds an unseen planetary-mass object. Thus, they consider Fomalhaut b to plausibly be a "planet identified from direct imaging" even if Fomalhaut b is not, strictly speaking, a directly imaged planet insofar as the light does not come from a planetary atmosphere.
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Fomalhaut b would have had to be dynamically scattered by a more massive, unseen body located at smaller separations. Several ground-based observations have searched for this hypothetical Fomalhaut "c", but have yet to find it. At very small, Solar-System-like scales, any additional companions must have a mass less than thirteen times that of Jupiter. At slightly larger scales, comparable to the locations of the planets around
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Jupiter if it is a planet. Furthermore, although Fomalhaut b was thought to be a plausible explanation for Fomalhaut's eccentric debris ring, measurements in the Kalas et al. paper hinted that it was moving too fast (i.e. not apsidally aligned) for this explanation to work. Finally, researchers analyzing September–October 2011 data from the
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Kalas remarked, "It's a profound and overwhelming experience to lay eyes on a planet never before seen. I nearly had a heart attack at the end of May when I confirmed that Fomalhaut b orbits its parent star." In the image, the bright outer oval band is the dust ring, while the features inside of this
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In the latest observations using NIRCam and NIRSpec, researchers identified 10 sources within the dusty rings of the Fomalhaut system. These JWST observations neither confirm nor reject the existence of the "new" Fomalhaut b, S7. The upcoming Cycle 2 follow-up program aims to determine whether S7 is
389:, any additional planets of Fomalhaut must have masses below about 2 to 7 Jupiter masses. A gaseous planet in an orbit like Fomalhaut b could have formed in situ if it coalesced from small pebble-sized objects that rapidly formed into a protoplanetary core which in turn accreted a gaseous envelope. 297:
In the discovery paper, Kalas and collaborators suggested that Fomalhaut b's emission originates from two sources: from circumplanetary dust scattering starlight and from planet thermal emission. Here, the former explains most of the 0.6 μm brightness and planet thermal emission contributes to
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The existence of a massive planet orbiting Fomalhaut was first inferred from Hubble observations published in 2005 that resolved the structure of Fomalhaut's massive, cold debris disk (or dust belt/ring). The belt is not centered on the star, and has a sharper inner boundary than would normally be
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data obtained in 2013 and 2014, published in 2020, found that Fomalhaut b is fading and expanding in size, a behavior that supports the interpretation of Fomalhaut b as a debris cloud from a collision between two asteroid-sized objects on an escape trajectory, rather than a planet. On May 7, 2020,
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and collaborators again recovered Fomalhaut b. However, analysis of Fomalhaut b's astrometry showed that the object has a high eccentricity (e = 0.8), its orbit (projected on the sky) crosses the plane of Fomalhaut's debris ring, and thus it is unlikely to be the object sculpting the debris ring's
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Based on the (now disproven) assumption that Fomalhaut b was a gaseous planet, the existence of additional planets closer to the star had been postulated. Fomalhaut b would be orbiting its host star at a wide separation, where forming massive planets is difficult. To explain its current location,
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announced the first independent recovery of Fomalhaut b and revived the claim that Fomalhaut b was a planet. They reanalyzed the original Hubble data using new, more powerful algorithms for separating planet light from starlight and confirmed that Fomalhaut b does exist. They also provided a new
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However, Fomalhaut b should be detectable in space-based infrared data if it is a planet and has a mass between 1–3 times Jupiter's mass. On the contrary, observations from the infrared-sensitive Spitzer Space Telescope failed to detect Fomalhaut b, implying that Fomalhaut b has less mass than
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also independently recovered Fomalhaut b and confirmed the new 0.4 μm detection, claiming the spectral energy distribution (SED) of Fomalhaut b cannot be explained as due to direct or scattered radiation from a massive planet. They considered two models to explain the SED: (1) a large
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to probe the complex dust environment around the Fomalhaut. They discovered a new intermediate dust belt that might be shepherded by an unseen planet and suggested that the blob, Fomalhaut b, could have originated in this belt. The recent research of the Fomalhaut system used the
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equipped with coronagraphs to probe the complex dust ring in different wavelengths of infrared light. The absence of detection in certain wavelengths support the idea that Fomalhaut b is not a massive planet but rather a dust cloud resulting from a collision among planetesimals.
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expected. The initial theory was that a massive planet on a wide orbit but located interior to this debris ring could clear out parent bodies and dust in its vicinity, leaving the ring appearing to have a sharp inner edge and making it appear offset from the star.
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The revival of the claim that Fomalhaut b was (possibly) a planet after it had been discounted led some to nickname the object a "zombie planet", although this is a non-technical term used in press material and does not appear in any peer-reviewed manuscript.
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for Fomalhaut's debris ring suggested an alternate hypothesis: that the ring could be shaped by much smaller, shepherding planets, neither of which needed to be Fomalhaut b. These results invoked skepticism about Fomalhaut b's status as an extrasolar planet.
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The planetary hypothesis has since fallen out of favor; more gathered data suggested a dust or debris cloud is far more likely, and the object was placed on an escape trajectory. In 2023, a team of researchers used the
208:. Under the working hypothesis that the object was a planet, it was reported in January 2013 that it had a highly elliptical orbit with a period of 1,700 Earth years. The object was one of those selected by the 428: 39:
Parts of this article (those related to the difference between the planetary and cloud debris models, and why most recent analysis does not place this object in a bound orbit around Fomalhaut) need to be
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much of the 0.8 μm brightness. Their non-detections with ground-based infrared data suggested that Fomalhaut b could not be more massive than about three times Jupiter's mass if it were a planet.
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circumplanetary disk around a massive, but unseen, planet and (2) the aftermath of a collision during the past 100 years of two Kuiper belt objects of radii about 50 km.
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Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R.; Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Clampin, Mark (2013). "STIS Coronagraphic Imaging of Fomalhaut: Main Belt Structure and the Orbit of Fomalhaut b".
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sharp inner edge. Fomalhaut b's high eccentricity may be evidence for a significant dynamical interaction with a hitherto unseen planet at a smaller orbital separation.
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Raphael Galicher; Christian Marois; B. Zuckerman; Bruce Macintosh (2013). "Fomalhaut b: Independent Analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope Public Archive Data".
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Ygouf, Marie; Beichman, Charles; Llop-Sayson, Jorge; Bryden, Geoffrey; Leisenring, Jarron; Gaspar, Andras; Krist, John; Rieke, Marcia; Rieke, George (2024).
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and their collaborators identified Fomalhaut b from Hubble/ACS images taken in 2004 and 2006 at visible wavelengths (i.e. 0.6 and 0.8 μm).
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Thayne Currie; et al. (2012). "Direct Imaging Confirmation and Characterization of a Dust-Enshrouded Candidate Exoplanet Orbiting Fomalhaut".
457: 204:. The object's discovery was initially announced in 2008 and confirmed in 2012 via images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the 123: 1966: 2611: 2041: 353: 332: 2492: 324: 2036: 1384: 279:
released the composite discovery photograph on November 13, 2008, coinciding with the publication of discovery by Kalas et al. in
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Thayne Currie; et al. (2013). "A Deep Keck/NIRC2 Search for Thermal Emission from Planetary Companions Orbiting Fomalhaut".
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Formalhaut b was hypothesized to be a gaseous, Jupiter like planet, the planet was disproven, and confirmed to be a dust cloud.
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Fomalhaut b as observed from 2004 to 2014. Previously thought to be an exoplanet, it is now known to be an expanding dust cloud.
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Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R.; Clampin, Mark (2005). "A planetary system as the origin of structure in Fomalhaut's dust belt".
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Matthew A. Kenworthy & Tiffany Meshkat (2012). "Coronagraphic Observations of Fomalhaut at Solar System Scales".
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Artistic rendition of Fomalhaut b as a planet revolving around its parent star, a model which has now been disproven
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Boley, Aaron (2012). "Constraining the Planetary System of Fomalhaut Using High-resolution ALMA Observations".
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Janson, Markus (2012). "Infrared Non-detection of Fomalhaut b – Implications for the Planet Interpretation".
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in 2023 did not detect Fomalhaut b in the infrared, confirming its nature as a dust cloud and not a planet.
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Yudhijit Bhattacharjee (3 February 2012). "Celebrated Exoplanet Vanishes in a Cloud of Dust-Or Maybe Not".
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Lambrechts, M. & Johansen, A. (2012). "Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion".
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A second paper made public a day later and led by Raphael Galicher and Christian Marois at the
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officially removed Fomalhaut b from its list of exoplanet candidates (confirmed or not).
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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NameExoWorlds: An IAU Worldwide Contest to Name Exoplanets and their Host Stars
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Hubblecast 22: Hubble directly observes planet orbiting Fomalhaut
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Gáspár, András; Wolff, Schuyler Grace; et al. (8 May 2023).
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Visualisation of Fomalhaut and Fomalhaut b (artist's impression)
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Ygouf, Marie; Beichman, Charles; et al. (October 2023).
597:"NASA's Hubble Reveals Rogue Planetary Orbit For Fomalhaut B" 1987:
NASA's Hubble reveals rogue planetary orbit for Fomalhaut b
1670:"Searching for Planets Orbiting Fomalhaut with JWST/NIRCam" 1491:"New Study Brings a Doubted Exoplanet 'Back from the Dead'" 892:"Searching for Planets Orbiting Fomalhaut with JWST/NIRCam" 410:
Fomalhaut b as observed from 2004 to 2006 (discovery image)
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Subsequent Hubble data obtained in 2010 and 2012 with the
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On October 24, 2012, a team led by Thayne Currie at the
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Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (14 November 2008).
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Final Results of NameExoWorlds Public Vote Released
165: 136: 129: 115: 107: 95: 85: 80: 1290:"ALMA Reveals Workings of Nearby Planetary System" 595:Harrington, J.D.; Villard, Ray (January 8, 2013). 558: 185:), is a former candidate planet observed near the 1726:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1068:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 19:For the second star in the Fomalhaut system, see 1513: 1511: 814: 812: 810: 590: 588: 1312:"New doubts about 'poster child' of exoplanets" 311:Recovery and independent confirmation by Hubble 289:band represent noise from scattered starlight. 2486: 2010: 621:Villard, Ray; Kalas, Paul (January 8, 2013). 468:List of star systems within 25–30 light-years 8: 63: 645: 643: 487: 485: 483: 2493: 2479: 2471: 2423: 2397: 2325: 2288: 2056: 2017: 2003: 1995: 69: 1923: 1868: 1815: 1756: 1738: 1703: 1685: 1621: 1450: 1397: 1377: 1375: 1249: 1196: 1097: 1079: 984: 925: 907: 866: 856: 838: 663: 510: 422:Fomalhaut b as observed from 2004 to 2012 1784:. Associated Press via The Seattle Times 1119: 1117: 1034:"Scientists Lay Eyes on Distant Planets" 2622:Astronomical objects discovered in 2008 1972:Preprint of recovery/confirmation paper 479: 400: 293:Early follow-up observations and doubts 62: 2607:Exoplanets detected by direct imaging 2042:Piscis Austrinus in Chinese astronomy 939: 937: 766:"SCSU planetarium names an exoplanet" 7: 579:participating institution membership 458:Direct imaging of extrasolar planets 16:Extrasolar object orbiting Fomalhaut 1310:Lisa Grossman (21 September 2011). 790:"NameExoWorlds The Approved Names" 325:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics 14: 2037:List of stars in Piscis Austrinus 2026:Constellation of Piscis Austrinus 1553:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu 1385:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 2576: 2575: 2538: 2457: 2456: 1758:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18041.x 1099:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00216.x 439: 427: 415: 403: 210:International Astronomical Union 161: 30: 1318:. Reed Business Information Ltd 259:and the system around Fomalhaut 1780:Seth Borenstein (2008-11-14). 1032:Alexander, Amir (2008-11-14). 944:Gough, Evan; Today, Universe. 348:Confirmation as a debris cloud 1: 1857:Astrophysical Journal Letters 1549:"2020 Exoplanet Archive News" 2612:Exoplanets with proper names 1982:Preprint of prediction paper 1911:Astronomy & Astrophysics 1358:10.1126/science.335.6068.515 1159:Astronomy Picture of the Day 1977:Preprint of discovery paper 1942:10.1051/0004-6361/201219127 1416:10.1088/2041-8205/760/2/L32 1268:10.1088/2041-8205/750/1/L21 1215:10.1088/0004-637x/747/2/116 247:Initial discovery by Hubble 2648: 1887:10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L6 1640:10.1038/s41550-023-01962-6 1469:10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/42 1124:Lewis Smith (2008-11-13). 1062:Quillen, Alice C. (2006). 682:10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/56 380:Other hypothesized planets 366:James Webb Space Telescope 222:James Webb Space Telescope 18: 2570: 2536: 2454: 2422: 2396: 2287: 2032: 1834:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/7 1439:The Astrophysical Journal 652:The Astrophysical Journal 566:Oxford English Dictionary 187:A-type main-sequence star 146: 68: 2572:Disproven Hypothesised 1705:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08c8 1674:The Astronomical Journal 927:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08c8 896:The Astronomical Journal 372:Physical characteristics 1934:2012A&A...544A..32L 1719:Kennedy, Grant (2011). 858:10.1073/pnas.1912506117 571:Oxford University Press 529:10.1126/science.1166609 352:Analyses of additional 255:Comparison between the 242:History of observations 131:Orbital characteristics 705:. 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Index

TW Piscis Austrini

Discovered by
Discovery site
Hubble Space Telescope
Detection method
Direct imaging
Orbital characteristics
Fomalhaut
/ˈdɡən/
A-type main-sequence star
Fomalhaut
light-years
constellation
Piscis Austrinus
Hubble Space Telescope
International Astronomical Union
NameExoWorlds
James Webb Space Telescope
MIRI
JWST
NIRCam

Solar System
Paul Kalas
James Graham
NASA
Science
ALMA
University of Toronto

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