741:
729:
50:
401:
593:
813:
74:
393:
717:
705:
81:
620:, the lush woodlands provided lumber for a thriving woodworking community around Compiègne. One of the most popular products supplied by the forest was beech oil, used for cooking and folk medicines: it was bottled in prodigious quantities and sold worldwide from Compiègne through the 19th century, until its marketshare was supplanted by newer, more refined oils.
778:. A famous memorial tablet placed at the precise location of the cease-fire signing reads (in French), "Here on the eleventh of November 1918 succumbed the criminal pride of the German Reich... vanquished by the free peoples which it tried to enslave." The original tablet was destroyed by the Nazis, but a new one was emplaced after the war.
1000:
452:
The forest sustains a great number of game animals including deer, rabbit and wild boar, and the varied terrain – plateaus cut by valleys and gorges, hills, streams and ponds – makes for challenging hunting. For centuries the Compiègne forest has been a prized hunting ground for virtually all the
1978:
639:
to oversee it. The
Emperor had a deep affection for the forest and frequently organized his hunting parties at the King's Well. In addition to hunting parties and competitions, the forest of Compiègne was the scene of extravagant receptions, parties and even theatrical performances.
457:. Some 350 roads and pathways cross it adding up to over six hundred miles of trail with stately vintage signposts marking most of the intersections. The oldest ones include a small red mark which shows the direction to the château, relics of an imperial order given during the
321:
The forest of Compiègne is roughly circular with a diameter of about 14 kilometres (9 mi); it is approximately 93 kilometres (58 mi) in circumference and its area is roughly 14,414 hectares (35,620 acres). The forest is lushly irrigated, being adjacent to the rivers
805:, in 1945, and the remains were buried. In 1950, a faithful replica of this original railcar was installed at the site. Decades later, some vestiges of the original car were discovered in Germany and returned to France: the pieces were added to the memorial display in 1995.
728:
432:). Much of the oak was heavily harvested over the centuries but was replanted aggressively in the nineteenth century when fears of deforestation began to be addressed. Since the late twentieth century, the North American black cherry tree (
740:
531:
built the first royal residence there in the 7th century, and there he died of a fever. The small palace, fitted cozily among the trees, was named Cusia and for some time thereafter the forest itself went by the name
808:
The
Armistice Clearing remains open to the public six days a week. Visitors routinely leave photographs and other mementos to be displayed or stored in the museum, making it "an ever-changing place of pilgrimage".
635:, for whom the abundant forest was a personal favorite retreat. The Emperor was an avid huntsman, and he reconstituted the forest as grand hunting grounds, even going so far as to revive the age-old office of
449:). Small lakes, ponds, brooks and springs abound throughout the forest, including the Spring of Saint-Sauveur, which is actually a pair of therapeutic mineral water springs running both hot and cold.
785:
which had once belonged to
Napoleon III. The car was decorated with old Imperial emblems, redolent of past glories and mutely confirming the resurgence of French power after its defeat in the
850:
797:
in World War Two, this same railway carriage was specifically used by the
Germans for the armistice of 1940; it was remanded to Germany where it was eventually destroyed by SS troops in
672:, with an eye towards secrecy because he wanted to shield the meeting from intrusive journalists, as well as spare the German delegation any hostile demonstrations by French locals.
560:
As
Empress Eugénie's signposts attest, the thick and heavy forest can be a disorienting and potentially fatal place. In the twelfth century, at the age of fourteen, the future King
122:
468:
The forest of Compiègne is a popular destination for all types of tourists. Horse-riders and bicyclists particularly enjoy the forest; a long-running bicycle event, the Paris-
485:
The forest of Compiègne area shows evidence of prehistoric habitation, and continuous forest cover has been definitively proven since at least the end of the
411:
The forest of Compiègne is famous for its picturesque natural attractions, with its arrays of oak and beech trees projecting a "noble and ordered beauty".
198:
49:
1386:
790:
73:
854:
2011:
766:("Glade of the Armistice", or "Armistice Clearing") covers the historic treaty area. Additions include a statue of Marshal Foch and the large
2108:
2056:
1919:
1881:
1131:
893:
193:
580:
commanded the construction of eight hard-surfaced roads through the forest, all of which converge on a single point called the King's Well (
2103:
1909:
1702:
1669:
1638:
716:
1869:
1352:
333:
On its northwest, the forest hugs its small namesake city, and to its north and northeast, beyond the Aisne, lies the large national
1988:
1952:
1840:
1807:
1766:
1364:
1235:
1164:
2046:
704:
918:
1830:
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1091:
970:
1942:
1417:
1067:
649:
286:
183:
1026:
400:
2093:
2088:
612:, and under the Ancien Régime the number of rides was increased to 200. Napoleon opened the avenue of Beaux-Monts (
377:
1121:
680:
362:
302:
592:
2098:
1698:
608:
Further avenues connected by an octagonal ring were opened through the woods for the formal hunting parties of
569:
1154:
812:
358:
209:
1756:
781:
For bringing the German delegation to the 1918 meeting, the French had assembled the train with a special
757:
636:
1734:
1390:
1974:
771:
653:
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290:
2083:
462:
334:
499:
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2019:
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edifices have been discovered there, and it is traversed on its south and east sides by an ancient
490:
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1504:
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1036:
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1552:
1468:
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601:
442:
350:
346:
342:
1577:
692:
380:, a former royal residence on the city's western edge. Stretching forward from the château, the
438:) has spread vigorously throughout the forest, eliciting mixed reactions from local arborists.
2052:
1984:
1948:
1915:
1877:
1836:
1803:
1772:
1762:
1710:
1644:
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1423:
1360:
1306:
1268:
1231:
1197:
1160:
1127:
1040:
976:
932:
889:
519:. A multitude of the forest's classical-era artifacts are on display at the Château's museum.
370:
366:
263:
734:
Hitler observing the statue of
Marshal Foch, before launching the negotiations, 21 June 1940.
687:(22 June 1940). With an unmistakable desire to humiliate his defeated enemy, German dictator
376:
Just outside the city of Compiègne, a grand entrance to the forest begins at the resplendent
1607:
1544:
1460:
1264:
527:
The earliest
Frankish kings established the forest as their privileged hunting grounds, and
428:
306:
1449:"Persistent changes in forest vegetation and seed bank 1,600 years after human occupation"
1302:
966:
767:
511:
won a decisive victory in the forest, defeating one of the larger tribes of north-eastern
454:
434:
422:
254:
242:
229:
36:
1498:
1187:
1030:
926:
879:
794:
665:
596:
Most French monarchs enjoyed extravagant hunts at Compiègne. This 1811 oil painting by
537:
1571:
2077:
1865:
1448:
832:
691:
gave orders that the surrender should be received in exactly the same spot, even the
657:
508:
416:
327:
294:
225:
1472:
1330:
688:
684:
676:
632:
597:
486:
323:
310:
1258:
384:
scales the heights of the same name, providing a scenic promenade into the woods.
275:
102:
17:
816:
A memorial slab marks the location of the original railcar at
Armistice Clearing.
775:
661:
504:
298:
179:
564:
found himself lost in the forest: he came so close to tragedy that his father,
1464:
782:
528:
494:
1832:
Great War, Total War: combat and mobilization on the
Western Front, 1914-1918
1648:
1643:. Vol. VII: Charleston - Copyhold. London: Charles Knight. p. 421.
1585:
1201:
980:
137:
124:
1714:
1427:
1272:
802:
798:
669:
545:
516:
54:
1044:
936:
668:
convened the armistice talks deep in the forest beside the tiny village of
1776:
1512:
341:). Around its remaining perimeter, it contains or is adjacent to numerous
1640:
The Penny Cyclopædia of the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
549:
628:
The forest of Compiègne witnessed much activity during the reign of the
441:
Numerous flowering plants thrive in the woods, notably large numbers of
1556:
573:
469:
267:
540:
that lies to the east of the forest boundaries. A battle between the
271:
259:
110:
1548:
1536:
679:, a second treaty was signed in the forest, this time arranging the
811:
591:
399:
391:
279:
1156:
The Great Reshuffling: human dimensions of invasive alien species
576:
to offer thanks for his recovery. In the sixteenth century, King
1543:. 59, 3 (3). The Geographical Journal, Vol. 59, No. 3: 195–206.
1537:"The Topography of Caesar's Last Campaign against the Bellovaci"
789:
in 1870. The two sides then met in a newer railcar, supplied by
512:
106:
1627:(Itinéraires de découvertes, éditions Ouest-France), 2003:111.
407:, the promenade into the forest from the Château de Compiègne
1069:
New York Times current history: the European war, Volume 16
853:. Office de Tourisme de Pierrefonds. 2010. Archived from
568:, felt compelled to make a pilgrimage to the shrine of
1911:
Field Marshal Von Manstein, a portrait: The Janus Head
1802:. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publ. p. 163.
1637:
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1837).
278:
and approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of
1947:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 163.
1227:
Ariadne's Clue: A Guide to the Symbols of Humankind
664:on 11 November 1918. The French commander-in-chief
330:, as well as many smaller tributaries and streams.
221:
216:
205:
189:
174:
169:
161:
153:
116:
98:
93:
62:
32:
1123:Planted Forests: uses, impacts, and sustainability
1072:. New York: The New York Times Co. 1918. p. 6
833:https://www.oisetourisme.com/la-foret-de-compiegne
472:race, has an established path through the forest.
1796:Griffiths, William R.; Griess, Thomas E. (2003).
1307:"North of Paris, a Forest of History and Fantasy"
931:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. xxi.
1914:. UK: Helion & Company Ltd. p. 116.
1835:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1331:"The city and forest of Compiegne near Paris"
1230:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
746:The second Treaty of Compiègne, 22 June 1940.
695:, where the Germans had surrendered in 1918.
27:Large forest in the region of Picardy, France
8:
1503:. Boston: L. C. Page & company. p.
648:The forest of Compiègne was the site of the
710:Ferdinand Foch outside the armistice train.
80:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1263:. New York: William Wood and Co. pp.
1260:A Practical Medical Dictionary (Fifth Ed.)
873:
871:
722:The Great War concludes, 11 November 1918.
552:took place in the forest in the year 715.
29:
1829:Chickering, Roger; Förster, Stig (2000).
961:
959:
957:
955:
414:The most prominent tree species are oak (
285:The forest is notable as the site of the
1903:
1901:
1899:
1387:"Foret de Compiegne and Foret de Laigue"
884:. New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. p.
791:Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits
1860:
1858:
1353:"Chapter 3: Legendary Racers and Races"
825:
697:
536:that is memorialized in the village of
465:found herself lost in the thick woods.
2040:
2038:
2036:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1021:
1019:
1017:
57:- Landscape in the Forest at Compiègne
1357:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cycling
845:
843:
841:
253:
7:
2010:Friedrich, Otto (4 September 1989).
1870:"Chapter 5: Friday, 8 November 1918"
1707:The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 5
660:which marked the end of fighting in
297:which marked the end of fighting in
157:30 to 148 metres (98 to 486 ft)
1709:. New York: The Americana company.
1102:(11). American Forestry Association
793:, to sign the armistice. After the
1761:. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
975:. Boston: The Living Age Co. Inc.
25:
1980:The Story of the Second World War
1680:. London: 145. July–December 1894
1576:. Leipzig: K. Baedeker. pp.
1500:Royal Palaces and Parks of France
1447:Plue, Jan; Hermy, Martin (1987).
1422:. Paris: Delagrave. p. 211.
1389:. Sheldrake Press. Archived from
1090:Dana, Samuel T. (November 1914).
1257:Stedman, Thomas Lathrop (1918).
1159:. Cambridge: IUCN. p. 155.
1126:. Oxfordshire: CABI. p. 7.
1092:"French Forests in the War Zone"
739:
727:
715:
703:
396:Signpost in the Compiègne forest
79:
72:
48:
1535:Forbes, Henry O. (March 1922).
919:Woolsey, Theodore Salisbury Jr.
1941:Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo (1985).
1758:Memoirs of the Empress Eugenie
1755:Fleury, Comte Maurice (1920).
1416:Sax, Charles; Géralde (1916).
481:Prehistoric and classical eras
369:. On its south it borders the
165:14,414 hectares (35,620 acres)
1:
1419:The English Tourist in France
1283:spring of Saint-Sauveur Oise.
1192:. London: J. Murray. p.
969:; Littell, Robert S. (1893).
497:now called by the French the
287:Armistice of 11 November 1918
2109:World War II sites in France
1876:. New York: Public Affairs.
1153:McNeely, Jeffrey A. (2001).
1055:Battle of Compiègne +forest.
1035:. London: G. Allen. p.
1027:Hare, Augustus John Cuthbert
881:The Martyred Towns of France
184:Site of Community Importance
2104:Tourist attractions in Oise
2051:. Petit Futé. p. 553.
1874:The Greatest Day in History
878:Laughlin, Clara E. (1919).
770:Memorial, which depicts an
644:Armistices of 1918 and 1940
2125:
1737:. Fondation Napoléon. 2008
1596:flora of Compiègne Forest.
1212:flora of Compiègne Forest.
1186:Robinson, William (1903).
972:The Living Age, Volume 198
928:Studies in French Forestry
755:
1983:. Boston: Little, Brown.
1699:Beach, Frederick Converse
1497:Miltoun, Francis (1910).
1465:10.1007/s10980-008-9229-4
1224:Stevens, Anthony (2001).
923:Greeley, William Buckhout
906:Compiègne Forest history.
339:Forêt Domaniale de Laigue
303:Armistice of 22 June 1940
67:
47:
1541:The Geographical Journal
764:Clairière de l'Armistice
699:Images of the armistices
570:St. Thomas of Canterbury
1670:"Beech and Linden Oils"
1570:Baedeker, Karl (1878).
762:A memorial site called
255:[fɔʁɛdəkɔ̃pjɛɲ]
210:National Forests Office
1975:Commager, Henry Steele
1908:Stein, Marcel (2007).
1573:Paris and its environs
1120:Evans, Julian (2009).
817:
774:sword pinning down an
758:Glade of the Armistice
605:
408:
397:
246:
194:Armistice with Germany
40:
815:
776:Imperial German eagle
618:Industrial Revolution
595:
405:Avenue de Beaux Monts
403:
395:
382:Avenue de Beaux Monts
251:French pronunciation:
222:Dominant tree species
199:Armistice with France
2045:Futé, Petit (2010).
1674:Chemist and Druggist
1612:Historia Francorum i
1351:Armijo, Vic (1999).
1333:. Paris Digest. 2018
1032:North-eastern France
600:depicts the Emperor
459:Second French Empire
378:Château de Compiègne
359:Béthisy-Saint-Pierre
2048:Best of France 2011
1305:(2 November 2008).
1003:. Google Maps. 2011
787:Franco-Prussian War
683:between France and
562:Philip II of France
529:Clothaire the Great
447:Convallaria majalis
363:Saint-Jean-aux-Bois
274:, near the city of
239:Forest of Compiègne
206:Governing body
138:49.38003°N 2.8834°E
134: /
33:Forest of Compiègne
1735:"Compiègne Forest"
1311:The New York Times
1001:"Compiègne Forest"
851:"Compiègne Forest"
818:
752:Armistice Clearing
606:
500:Chaussée Brunehaut
443:Lily of the Valley
409:
398:
351:Lacroix-Saint-Ouen
247:Forêt de Compiègne
41:Forêt de Compiègne
18:Forêt de Compiègne
2094:Geography of Oise
2089:Forests of France
2058:978-2-7469-2967-8
2022:on April 10, 2008
2012:"Desperate Years"
1921:978-1-906033-02-6
1883:978-1-58648-772-0
1523:Compiègne Forest.
1453:Landscape Ecology
1133:978-1-84593-564-1
1096:American Forestry
947:Compiègne Forest.
895:978-0-548-07018-5
556:Later Middle Ages
523:Early Middle Ages
371:Forest of Halatte
301:, as well as the
235:
234:
16:(Redirected from
2116:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2042:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2018:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
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1997:
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1965:
1964:
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1961:
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1608:Gregory of Tours
1605:
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1359:. USA: Penguin.
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1303:Sciolino, Elaine
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967:Littell, Eliakim
963:
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902:
875:
866:
865:
863:
862:
847:
836:
830:
743:
731:
719:
707:
693:same railway car
616:). Prior to the
588:Early modern era
429:Carpinus betulus
426:) and hornbeam (
335:forest of Laigue
307:Battle of France
257:
252:
178:Protected under
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
143:49.38003; 2.8834
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
83:
82:
76:
52:
43:
30:
21:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2099:History of Oise
2074:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2008:
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1995:
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1991:
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1968:
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1569:
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1549:10.2307/1781759
1534:
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1256:
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1218:
1206:
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1189:The Wild Garden
1185:
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1171:
1169:
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1147:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1119:
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985:
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941:
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896:
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876:
869:
860:
858:
857:on 24 July 2011
849:
848:
839:
831:
827:
823:
768:Alsace-Lorraine
760:
754:
747:
744:
735:
732:
723:
720:
711:
708:
646:
626:
590:
558:
542:Merovingian-era
525:
483:
478:
463:Empress Eugénie
455:kings of France
435:Prunus serotina
423:Fagus sylvatica
390:
388:Characteristics
319:
250:
197:
142:
140:
136:
133:
128:
125:
123:
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120:
89:
88:
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58:
35:
34:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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2020:the original
2015:
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1979:
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1944:World War II
1943:
1936:
1925:. Retrieved
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1391:the original
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855:the original
828:
807:
780:
763:
761:
689:Adolf Hitler
685:Nazi Germany
677:World War II
674:
666:Marshal Foch
647:
637:Grand Veneur
633:Napoleon III
627:
614:illustration
613:
607:
598:Carle Vernet
582:Puits du Roi
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559:
544:kingdoms of
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491:Gallic-Roman
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347:Vieux-Moulin
338:
332:
320:
311:World War II
284:
238:
236:
1703:"Compiègne"
1625:La Picardie
1623:René Gast,
662:World War I
505:Gallic Wars
367:Pierrefonds
299:World War I
180:Natura 2000
141: /
117:Coordinates
2078:Categories
2064:2010-12-30
2026:2011-01-07
1996:2011-01-04
1960:2010-12-30
1927:2010-12-30
1889:2010-12-30
1848:2011-01-03
1815:2010-12-30
1782:2011-01-05
1741:2010-12-27
1720:2010-12-30
1684:2010-12-30
1654:2010-12-30
1614:, book IV.
1591:2010-12-30
1518:2010-12-30
1433:2010-12-30
1397:2011-01-03
1372:2011-01-03
1337:2018-08-05
1316:2011-01-04
1278:2011-01-03
1243:2011-01-03
1207:2010-12-30
1172:2010-12-30
1139:2010-12-30
1106:2010-12-30
1076:2010-12-30
1050:2011-01-04
1007:2011-01-07
986:2011-01-03
942:2011-01-04
901:2010-12-30
861:2010-12-29
821:References
783:saloon car
654:the Allies
602:Napoleon I
495:Roman road
461:after the
420:), beech (
345:including
305:after the
291:the Allies
126:49°22′48″N
2084:Compiègne
1649:220404996
1586:220274784
1202:476229043
981:447927755
803:Thuringia
799:Crawinkel
681:Armistice
670:Rethondes
650:Armistice
610:Louis XIV
578:Francis I
566:Louis VII
546:Austrasia
517:Bellovaci
317:Geography
276:Compiègne
154:Elevation
129:2°53′00″E
103:Compiègne
94:Geography
55:Paul Huet
1977:(1945).
1868:(2009).
1715:46309553
1701:(1903).
1473:36919908
1459:(6): 1.
1428:29085264
1273:68605315
1029:(1890).
925:(1920).
835:</ref
652:between
550:Neustria
343:communes
289:between
212:(France)
99:Location
1557:1781759
1045:1737047
937:3794852
675:During
658:Germany
630:Emperor
574:England
476:History
470:Roubaix
295:Germany
268:Picardy
262:in the
217:Ecology
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772:Allied
515:, the
365:, and
272:France
264:region
260:forest
243:French
201:(WWII)
196:(WWI)
190:Events
175:Status
111:France
109:,
105:,
37:French
1553:JSTOR
1469:S2CID
328:Aisne
280:Paris
230:Beech
2053:ISBN
2016:Time
1985:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1773:OCLC
1763:ISBN
1711:OCLC
1645:OCLC
1582:OCLC
1509:OCLC
1424:OCLC
1361:ISBN
1269:OCLC
1232:ISBN
1198:OCLC
1161:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1041:OCLC
977:OCLC
933:OCLC
890:ISBN
656:and
548:and
513:Gaul
326:and
324:Oise
293:and
237:The
182:and
162:Area
107:Oise
1578:324
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