75:
1154:
660:
26:
1142:
374:
was ready for action, but had been preparing to attack Lissa and was too far south to take an active role in the battle. Both ships saw minimal use in the 1870s and 1880s, until both were withdrawn from service for use as
617:
60:
743:
also played no role in the action, as she had been stationed too far to the south in preparation for another attack on the island, and she arrived on the scene of the battle only after the two fleets had disengaged.
739:, which had been badly damaged during an engagement with Austrian coastal fortifications on Lissa the day before, had withdrawn by the time Tegetthoff arrived and took no part in the battle.
423:, but they were redesigned as sea-going ironclads after construction began. These ships were the first components of a major naval expansion program that was designed to prepare a fleet of
1186:
1287:
1179:
755:, remained in service until the 1880s, having been modernized with new boilers and guns in the 1870s. Neither ship played a role in the attack on
565:
guns. Their armament was revised several times throughout their careers. In 1878, both ships had their battery reduced to eight 203 mm guns.
569:
was re-armed with two 6 in (152 mm) guns, two 5.9 in (150 mm) guns, and four 4.7 in (119 mm) guns for service as a
1009:
Ordovini, Aldo F.; Petronio, Fulvio & Sullivan, David M. (December 2014). "Capital Ships of the Royal
Italian Navy, 1860–1918: Part I: The
1083:
1064:
1045:
999:
980:
1319:
1238:
1172:
689:
98:
1449:
561:, their armament was reduced to twenty guns. These consisted of four 203 mm (8 in) guns and sixteen 164 mm (6.5 in)
1296:
1254:
1121:
1405:
708:
440:
1333:
1280:
701:
1360:
404:
347:. They were the first ironclads built for the Italian fleet. Wooden-hulled vessels plated with 4.3 inches (109 mm) of
1326:
695:
464:
1132:
1384:
1209:
608:
320:
1273:
1216:
635:
533:
s boilers produced a slightly higher horsepower, at 1,100 ihp (820 kW). They could steam for about 1,300
326:
1412:
748:
720:
1093:
759:
in 1870—the last stage of the
Italian wars of unification—owing to the very poor state of the
732:
728:
363:
1398:
1391:
1019:
719:
to seize
Austrian-controlled Venice. After initially remaining in port, the Italian fleet under Admiral
1352:
562:
557:
class were originally intended to be armed with thirty guns, but after their conversion to sea-going
416:
412:
1376:
1340:
716:
503:
492:
480:
408:
370:
had been damaged by
Austrian coastal fortifications the day before, and had withdrawn for repairs;
340:
336:
228:
160:
537:(2,400 km; 1,500 mi) at their top speed. To supplement the steam engine, the ships were
1304:
1158:
558:
463:
armor that was 109 mm (4.3 in) thick. They were 63.05 meters (206 ft 10 in)
1103:
1079:
1060:
1041:
1024:
995:
976:
456:
352:
969:
677:
424:
420:
310:
210:
148:
25:
711:
against the
Austrian Navy. The war broke out in June 1866, as Italy, which had allied with
507:
472:
432:
234:
1097:
577:
was similarly converted into a training ship, equipped with only six 4.7 in guns.
542:
468:
1153:
771:
also served as a training ship, beginning in 1885; she was sold for scrap in 1904 and
1443:
772:
756:
570:
534:
515:
428:
388:
376:
259:
1011:
Formidabile, Principe di
Carignano, Re d'Italia, Regina Maria Pia, Affondatore, Roma
1146:
724:
672:
476:
460:
387:
served in this capacity until 1903 and 1904, respectively, when they were sold and
359:
348:
315:
80:
659:
435:
to be its main rival, since it controlled predominantly
Italian areas, including
1372:
752:
519:
247:
1164:
992:
Ironclads at War: The Origin and
Development of the Armored Warship, 1854–1891
523:
293:
1265:
1028:
767:
served as a gunnery training ship from 1887 to 1903, when she was discarded.
496:
170:
1107:
747:
The two ships, which rapidly became obsolescent due to the development of
538:
484:
164:
712:
511:
436:
688:
served as the core of the fleet that was later fleshed out by the
658:
488:
1038:
The
Habsburg Empire and the Sea: Austrian Naval Police, 1797–1866
1099:
Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval
Warfare from 1855 to 1895
499:. Each vessel had a crew of 371 officers and enlisted men.
1269:
1168:
830:
967:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (1979). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
335:(Royal Sardinian Navy), by the time they were completed the
618:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
61:
Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
502:
Their propulsion system consisted of one single-expansion
319:(Royal Navy) in the 1860s. The class comprised two ships,
407:, then both the Prime Minister and Naval Minister of the
262:(2,400 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
731:
sortied to mount a counterattack, which resulted in the
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
475:
of 14.44 m (47 ft 5 in) and an average
1130:
510:, with steam supplied by six coal-fired, rectangular
351:, they were armed with a battery of twenty guns in a
1371:
1351:
1303:
975:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 334–359.
915:
727:in mid-July; the Austrian fleet under Rear Admiral
419:. The ships were originally intended to be armored
968:
479:of 5.45 m (17 ft 11 in). The ships
971:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
358:Both vessels were involved in the operations off
16:Ironclad warship class of the Italian Royal Navy
343:the rest of the Italian states and created the
1057:The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
1023:. Vol. 51, no. 4. pp. 323–360.
1281:
1180:
990:Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998).
467:and 65.8 m (215 ft 11 in) and
439:. Their construction marked the onset of the
8:
670:The first ironclads to enter service in the
615:
495:and up to 2,807 long tons (2,852 t) at
58:
1059:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
1040:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
518:. Their engines produced a top speed of 10
362:in July 1866, but neither took part in the
1288:
1274:
1266:
1187:
1173:
1165:
584:
939:
903:
854:
514:. The boilers were trunked into a single
1137:
1102:. London: S. Low, Marston and Company.
811:
789:
522:(19 km/h; 12 mph) from 1,080
951:
891:
879:
842:
818:
20:
447:General characteristics and machinery
7:
723:launched an attack on the island of
183:65.8 m (215 ft 11 in)
199:5.45 m (17 ft 11 in)
191:14.44 m (47 ft 5 in)
1255:List of ironclad warships of Italy
927:
831:Ordovini, Petronio, & Sullivan
715:, sought to take advantage of the
14:
709:Third Italian War of Independence
707:that would see action during the
441:Austro-Italian ironclad arms race
283:16 Ă— 164 mm (6 in) guns
1152:
1140:
280:4 Ă— 203 mm (8 in) guns
173:: 2,807 long tons (2,852 t)
73:
24:
994:. Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press.
405:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1:
415:in 1860, shortly before the
331:. Initially ordered for the
215:1,080 ihp (805 kW)
1074:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
1055:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
1036:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1989).
763:in the aftermath of Lissa.
465:long between perpendiculars
296:: 109 mm (4.3 in)
250:(19 km/h; 12 mph)
1466:
1450:Formidabile class ironclad
1297:Ironclad warships of Italy
573:in 1885. Two years later,
1423:
1353:Central battery ironclads
1250:
1227:
1205:
749:central battery ironclads
634:
614:
607:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
455:-class ships were wooden-
427:capable of defeating the
139:
38:
23:
1124:Marina Militare website
1076:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914
721:Carlo Pellion di Persano
140:General characteristics
1094:Wilson, Herbert Wrigley
1078:. New York: Routledge.
916:Greene & Massignani
459:vessels, sheathed with
431:. Italy considered the
729:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
667:
616:
526:(810 kW), though
403:class were ordered by
313:built for the Italian
59:
1321:Principe di Carignano
1240:Principe di Carignano
1020:Warship International
691:Principe di Carignano
676:of the newly-unified
662:
563:rifled muzzle-loading
399:The two ships of the
100:Principe di Carignano
1430:Single ship of class
821:, pp. 334, 337.
524:indicated horsepower
506:that drove a single
417:unification of Italy
413:Royal Sardinian Navy
1305:Broadside ironclads
954:, pp. 336–337.
930:, pp. 219–241.
918:, pp. 217–222.
894:, pp. 335–339.
717:Austro-Prussian War
587:
559:broadside ironclads
541:-rigged with three
504:marine steam engine
409:Kingdom of Sardinia
337:Kingdom of Sardinia
229:marine steam engine
1407:Ruggiero di Lauria
1377:Barbette ironclads
668:
586:Construction data
585:
421:floating batteries
333:Regia Marina Sarda
1437:
1436:
1263:
1262:
1085:978-0-415-21478-0
1066:978-1-55753-034-9
1047:978-0-911198-97-3
1001:978-0-938289-58-6
982:978-0-85177-133-5
652:
651:
645:16 February 1861
553:The ships of the
425:ironclad warships
311:ironclad warships
300:
299:
211:fire-tube boilers
95:Succeeded by
33:in Naples in 1869
1457:
1335:Regina Maria Pia
1290:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1199:-class ironclads
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1111:
1089:
1070:
1051:
1032:
1005:
986:
974:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
800:
796:Figures are for
794:
703:Regina Maria Pia
678:Kingdom of Italy
621:
588:
532:
149:Ironclad warship
79:
77:
76:
64:
28:
21:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1419:
1367:
1362:Principe Amedeo
1347:
1299:
1294:
1264:
1259:
1246:
1223:
1201:
1193:
1163:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1054:
1048:
1035:
1015:Principe Amedeo
1008:
1002:
989:
983:
966:
963:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
809:
804:
803:
795:
791:
786:
781:
733:Battle of Lissa
657:
655:Service history
648:September 1861
627:1 October 1861
583:
551:
530:
508:screw propeller
449:
433:Austrian Empire
397:
364:Battle of Lissa
235:screw propeller
204:Installed power
74:
72:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1149:
1129:
1128:
1117:
1116:External links
1114:
1113:
1112:
1090:
1084:
1071:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1033:
1006:
1000:
987:
981:
962:
959:
957:
956:
944:
942:, p. 112.
932:
920:
908:
896:
884:
882:, p. 337.
859:
857:, p. 209.
847:
845:, p. 335.
835:
833:, p. 328.
823:
810:
808:
805:
802:
801:
788:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
656:
653:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
632:
631:
628:
625:
624:December 1860
622:
613:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
582:
579:
550:
547:
535:nautical miles
448:
445:
396:
393:
377:training ships
309:was a pair of
298:
297:
291:
287:
286:
285:
284:
281:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
256:
252:
251:
244:
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239:
238:
237:
231:
223:
219:
218:
217:
216:
213:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
175:
174:
168:
167:(2,725 t)
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
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96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
39:Class overview
36:
35:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1462:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:Followed by:
1236:
1234:
1231:Preceded by:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
997:
993:
988:
984:
978:
973:
972:
965:
964:
960:
953:
948:
945:
941:
940:Sondhaus 2001
936:
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
904:Sondhaus 1994
900:
897:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:Sondhaus 1989
851:
848:
844:
839:
836:
832:
827:
824:
820:
815:
812:
806:
799:
793:
790:
783:
778:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Civitavecchia
754:
750:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:
699:
698:
693:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
665:
661:
654:
647:
644:
641:
639:
638:
633:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
612:
611:
606:
589:
580:
578:
576:
572:
571:training ship
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:
546:
544:
540:
536:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:. They had a
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Austrian Navy
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
355:arrangement.
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
317:
312:
308:
306:
295:
292:
289:
288:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
273:
269:
266:
265:
261:
257:
254:
253:
249:
245:
242:
241:
236:
232:
230:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
214:
212:
208:
207:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
118:
116:In commission
115:
114:
110:
107:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
86:
85:
82:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1361:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1239:
1232:
1217:
1210:
1196:
1195:
1126:(in Italian)
1098:
1075:
1056:
1037:
1018:
1014:
1010:
991:
970:
947:
935:
923:
911:
906:, p. 1.
899:
887:
850:
838:
826:
814:
797:
792:
775:thereafter.
768:
764:
761:Regia Marina
760:
753:turret ships
746:
740:
736:
735:on 20 July.
702:
696:
690:
685:
681:
673:Regia Marina
671:
669:
663:
636:
609:
574:
566:
554:
552:
527:
501:
487:(2,725
469:long overall
461:wrought iron
452:
450:
400:
398:
384:
380:
371:
367:
366:on 20 July.
357:
349:wrought iron
345:Regia Marina
344:
332:
327:
321:
316:Regia Marina
314:
304:
303:
301:
155:Displacement
99:
81:Regia Marina
47:
30:
18:
1386:Affondatore
1328:Re d'Italia
1314:Formidabile
1211:Formidabile
1197:Formidabile
1159:Engineering
1122:Formidabile
798:Formidabile
697:Re d'Italia
682:Formidabile
664:Formidabile
610:Formidabile
575:Formidabile
555:Formidabile
453:Formidabile
401:Formidabile
391:for scrap.
381:Formidabile
368:Formidabile
322:Formidabile
305:Formidabile
258:1,300
87:Preceded by
48:Formidabile
1414:Re Umberto
1017:Classes".
961:References
952:Fraccaroli
892:Fraccaroli
880:Fraccaroli
843:Fraccaroli
819:Fraccaroli
765:Formidable
751:and later
737:Formidable
642:June 1860
603:Completed
597:Laid down
294:Belt armor
267:Complement
222:Propulsion
1218:Terribile
1029:0043-0374
807:Citations
779:Footnotes
773:broken up
769:Terribile
741:Terribile
686:Terribile
637:Terribile
630:May 1862
600:Launched
567:Terribile
528:Terribile
497:full load
485:long tons
481:displaced
389:broken up
385:Terribile
372:Terribile
353:broadside
328:Terribile
171:Full load
165:long tons
124:Completed
119:1861–1904
111:1860–1862
69:Operators
31:Terribile
1444:Category
1096:(1896).
594:Builder
549:Armament
539:schooner
493:normally
411:for the
275:Armament
163:: 2,682
55:Builders
1133:Portals
1108:1111061
713:Prussia
705:classes
666:c. 1870
512:boilers
341:unified
132:Retired
1400:Italia
1393:Duilio
1373:Turret
1106:
1082:
1063:
1044:
1027:
998:
979:
928:Wilson
700:, and
516:funnel
483:2,682
457:hulled
437:Venice
395:Design
180:Length
161:Normal
78:
1242:class
1147:Italy
784:Notes
725:Lissa
591:Name
581:Ships
543:masts
531:'
520:knots
477:draft
360:Lissa
307:class
290:Armor
255:Range
248:knots
243:Speed
196:Draft
108:Built
102:class
50:class
1375:and
1342:Roma
1233:None
1104:OCLC
1080:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1025:ISSN
1013:and
996:ISBN
977:ISBN
684:and
473:beam
451:The
383:and
339:had
325:and
302:The
233:1 Ă—
227:1 Ă—
209:6 Ă—
188:Beam
145:Type
90:None
44:Name
270:371
260:nmi
246:10
1446::
862:^
694:,
680:,
545:.
491:)
443:.
379:.
1427:S
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1135::
1110:.
1088:.
1069:.
1050:.
1031:.
1004:.
985:.
489:t
135:2
127:2
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