1350:, stated that around 11% of Egyptians identified themselves as not religious. In the same Arab Barometer 2018 Wave V survey, 90.4% were Muslim, 9.6% were Christian, and 0.1% had no religion. In the same Arab Barometer survey, about 20% of young Egyptians described themselves as not religious. Absent official figures, sources consistently report that the number is increasing steadily. Egyptian media has since 2011 reported increases in the number of nonbelievers and atheists publicly coming out; however, atheism or skepticism is not a recent phenomenon in Egypt. Despite the lack of clarity with regard to absolute numbers, there is a noticeable increase in young Egyptians coming out for nonbelieving and publicly testifying they have left the faith, especially on the internet. Many Egyptian irreligious/atheist intellectuals encourage irreligious Egyptians and Egyptian atheists to speak up and come out of the closet, a trend which is visible across both Islam and Christianity, and involves both Egyptian men and Egyptian women.
498:, In which Muslims and Christians were involved in bloody, inter-religious clashes following a dispute between a Muslim and a Christian. "Twenty Christians and one Muslim were killed after violence broke out in the town of el-Kosheh, 440 kilometres (275 miles) south of Cairo." In 2005, in Kafr Salama village, Sharqiya governorate, an altercation between a Muslim and a Christian resulted in the death of the Muslim. Muslim villagers later attacked the Abu Sifin Church and several Christian homes and looted several shops before the authorities restored order. In 2006, one person, described by police as drunk and mad, attacked three churches in
437:(or occasionally vice versa) may stir social unrest, and thereby justify themselves in wrongfully detaining the subjects, insisting that they are simply taking steps to prevent likely social troubles from happening. In 2007, a Cairo administrative court denied 45 citizens the right to obtain identity papers documenting their reversion to Christianity after converting to Islam. However, in February 2008 the Supreme Administrative Court overturned the decision, allowing 12 citizens who had reverted to Christianity to re-list their religion on identity cards, but they will specify that they had adopted Islam for a brief period of time.
4463:
1247:. Without valid identity cards Baháʼís encounter difficulty registering their children in school, opening bank accounts, and establishing businesses. On 16 December 2006, after only one hearing, the High Court of Egypt ruled against the Baháʼís, stating that the government would not recognize their religion in official identification cards. The ruling left Baháʼís unable to obtain ID cards, birth certificates, or death certificates. However, on January 29, 2008 Cairo's court of Administrative Justice, ruling on
91:
723:
1091:
986:
185:
377:. Contempt or blasphemy against a religion can be charged under section 98 (f) of the Egyptian Penal Code. Conversion from Islam to any other faith is not recognized officially, though issues have also occurred for those converting to Islam. The government also discriminates against Islamic religious minority groups, most notably Shi'a Muslims, who face open official discrimination, including being barred from admission to
7273:
5428:
609:
heavily Sufi-influenced. Sufism has flourished in Egypt since Islam was first adopted. Most upper- and middle-class
Muslims believed either that religious expression is a private matter for each individual or that Islam should play a more dominant role in public life. Islamic religious revival movements, whose appeal cuts across class lines, have been present in most cities and in many villages for a long time.
1417:
7283:
5438:
1403:
7293:
542:
1103:
7303:
1374:" However, no such punishment actually exists in the country. In January 2018 the head of the parliament's religious committee, Amr Hamroush, suggested a bill to make atheism illegal, stating that "it must be criminalised and categorised as contempt of religion because atheists have no doctrine and try to insult the Abrahamic religions". In 2014 the
594:
1251:, ruled in favour of the Baháʼís, allowing them to obtain birth certificates and identification documents, so long as they omit their religion on court documents. The ruling accepted the compromise solution offered by the Baháʼís, allowing for them to obtain identification papers without the Baháʼí Faith being officially recognized.
676:
1492:
In 1997, the
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs stated, "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian
608:
made Egypt their center, and made Cairo their capital. Egypt's various social groups and classes apply Islam differently in their daily lives. The literate theologians of Al-Azhar generally reject the popular version of Islam practised by religious preachers and peasants in the countryside, which is
1236:
had difficulty obtaining documentation from government authorities, and police regularly detain people who do not have correct documentation, some Baháʼís frequently stayed home to avoid possible arrest. In 2008 a court case allowed Baháʼís to obtain birth certificates and identification documents,
1358:
by words or writing, whereas insulting other faiths like
Buddhism or Hinduism is not punishable by Egyptian law but insulting Islam, Christianity, or Judaism is. Atheists or irreligious people cannot change their official religious status, thus statistically they are counted as followers of their
428:
to Islam generally without difficulty, but
Muslims who convert to Christianity face difficulties in getting new identity papers and some have been arrested for allegedly forging such documents. The Coptic community, however, takes pains to prevent conversions from Christianity to Islam due to the
220:
In 2010, based on the contested 2006 Census data, estimated that 94.9% of
Egyptians are Muslims, 5.1% are Christians, and less than 1% are Jewish, Buddhists, or other religions. The share of Christians in the Egyptian population has according to official statistics been declining with the highest
372:
and other senior figures have emphasized religious tolerance. In 2019, Sisi's cabinet approved a number of churches. Authorities however, have often failed to sanction or take stringent action against mobs who have indulged in violence against
Christians. While construction of mosques is freely
367:
are formally recognized as absolute by the
Egyptian Constitution under Article 64, but are effectively limited by government intervention and sectarian conflict. Some aspects of the country's laws are heavily founded on Islamic principles. Egyptian authorities only recognize Judaism, Islam and
483:
were required to obtain presidential approval for even minor repairs in churches. Although the law was eased in 2005 by handing down the authority of approval to the governors, Copts continue to face many obstacles in building new churches. These obstacles are not as much in building mosques.
2003:
304:
in Egypt was over 12 million. Other estimates made by church officials put this number at 16 million. The Coptic
Orthodox Church claimed that these figures are based on regularly updated membership records. Protestant churches claim a membership of about 300,000 Egyptians, and the
1301:
It is difficult to quantify the number of atheist or agnostic
Egyptians due to the persecution by the religious establishments, and its resulting social stigma against publicly identifying as non-religious, along with a lack of official statistics. Public statements deemed critical of
1322:, and others, have been convicted under this law. Blasphemy cases are not initiated by the general prosecutor, and only occur if a citizen, usually an official from the religious establishments, takes the step of filing against the person engaging in blasphemy, a procedure similar to
429:
ease with which
Christians can often become Muslim. Public officials, being conservative themselves, intensify the complexity of the legal procedures required to recognize the religion change as required by law. Security agencies will sometimes claim that such conversions from
1733:
Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than
1338:
who was shot dead in 1992 by Islamists as a consequence, among others. In 2000, an openly atheist Egyptian writer, who called for the establishment of a local association for atheists, was tried on charges of insulting Islam in four of his books.
172:(January 7) was recognized as an official holiday, though Christians complain of being minimally represented in law enforcement, state security and public office, and of being discriminated against in the workforce on the basis of their religion.
1382:
announced a joint strategy to combat the spread of what they categorized as "harmful ideas" among the nation's youth, including atheism. Despite hostility towards them, atheists in Egypt have become increasingly vocal online since the
1201:
has denounced the Ahmadis and Ahmadis have been hounded by police along with other Muslim groups deemed to be deviant under Egypt's defamation laws. On 15 March 2010, nine Ahmadis were detained due to their adherence to the movement.
3189:
Coptic Christians make up the majority of Egypt's roughly 9 million Christians. About 1 million more Coptic Christians are spread across Africa, Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States, according to the World Council of
1330:; also, officials from the religious establishment, specifically al-Azhar institution, issue fatwa to permit the killing of those who blaspheme if the Egyptian government doesn't do it, such as, notably, in the case of
559:
in Egypt since the amendment of the second article of the Egyptian constitution in the year 1980, before which Egypt was recognized as a secular country. The vast majority of Egyptian Muslims are Sunni, with a small
221:
share reported in the past century being in 1927, when the official census put the percentage of Egyptian Christians at 8.3%. In each of the seven subsequent censuses, the percentage shrank, ending at 5.7% in 1996.
1353:
Discrimination against atheists in Egypt is mainly the result of the religious establishments in the country, as the laws and policies in Egypt protect religious freedom but punish those who ridicule or insult the
4247:
510:. On 7 May 2011, a church was burnt down in Cairo. Then on 14 October 2012 in the absence of security officials 2 Muslims from a group were killed after they tried to kidnap a woman from a Christian family.
224:
However, most Christians refuted these figures, claiming they have been under-counted. Christians maintain that they represent up to 15% or even 25% of the Egyptian population. In 2017 state-owned newspaper
1258:
tensions have remained high, including homes being burnt, though Baháʼís made ongoing efforts to contribute to the dialog. Since 2011 Baháʼís remain concerned, noting such things as a 2012 statement by a
2752:
7122:
1240:
Informal estimates about the Baháʼí population in Egypt suggest that, in 2006, there were approximately 2,000 Baháʼís resident in Egypt, though other estimates go as high as 6,900 adherents in 2010.
6155:
2927:
87:
Orthodox Christians (with estimates ranging from 5-15%). The exact numbers are subject to controversy, with Christians alleging that they have been systemically under-counted in existing censuses.
1197:
movement in Egypt, which numbers up to 7,000 to 50,000 adherents in the country, was established in 1922 but has seen an increase in hostility and government repression as of the 21st century. The
4658:
2858:
6150:
6145:
502:, leaving one dead and from 5 to 16 injured, although the attacker was not linked to any organisation. On January 7, 2010, Muslim gunmen open fire on Christian worshipers leaving a church in
373:
allowed by the authorities without any intervention, they have sometimes let mob rule dictate that even registered churches be closed down. Christians have also been consistently targeted by
494:
share a common history and national identity; however, at times religious tensions have arisen, and individual acts of prejudice and violence occur. The most significant was the 2000–2001
339:, since public expressions of irreligion risk harassment and legal sanctions; most sources estimate the number of Egyptian atheists who openly identify as such to be in the millions, see
506:
resulting in the murder of nine Coptic Christians. On January 1, 2011, at least 21 people were killed and 83 injured when a car bomb exploded outside a Coptic Christian church in
3796:
2053:
1465:
2682:
6677:
361:
In 2022 Freedom House rated Egypt's religious freedom 2 out of 4 and total score of 21 out of 100 in regards of all rights such as political rights and civil liberties.
3481:
4720:
833:
4328:
3663:
1694:
1146:
and Europe were attracted to Egypt due to the relative harmony that characterized the local religious landscape in the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the 1956
5924:
5474:
1021:
868:
755:
462:
1154:. Their Egyptian citizenship was revoked and their properties were confiscated. A steady stream of emigration of Egyptian Jews followed, reaching a peak after the
3146:
Egypt has the Middle East's largest Orthodox population (an estimated 4 million Egyptians, or 5% of the population), mainly members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
6546:
1976:
2303:
4371:
2344:
1850:
2884:
1606:
2918:
309:
is estimated to have similar membership figures. These figures would put the percentage of Christians in Egypt between 10% and 20% of the total population.
3641:
454:
1489:
Numbers vary widely. The 1996 census, the last for which public info on religion exists has 5.6% of the population as Christian (down from 8.3% in 1927).
936:
in Egypt. There are very few native Christian Egyptians who adhere to the Latin Church, and those who do (several hundreds) do so mainly through marriage.
6172:
6140:
2715:
2474:
1460:
4865:
1232:, culminating in Law 263 in 1960, banning all Baháʼí institutions and community activities in Egypt. Reports in 2006 revealed that, as followers of the
7001:
6529:
6011:
4437:
2855:
1907:
1342:
According to the 2020 US report on international religious freedom there are no reliable estimates of the number of atheists in Egypt. A study at the
1010:
787:
230:
7013:
4705:
3604:
2370:
1875:
1720:
1551:
1248:
1244:
405:
79:, religion has been excluded, and thus available statistics are estimates made by religious and non-governmental agencies. The country is majority
6448:
6182:
5342:
2984:
1777:
251:, Sunni Muslims make up 90% of the population, with Christians making up the remaining 10%. A significant number of Sunni Muslims follow native
5725:
4055:
3370:
Lawrence, Bruce B. (2013; p.302), 'Citizen Ahmad among the Believers: Salvation Contextualized in Indonesia and Egypt' in Khalil, M. H. (ed.)
3262:
Lawrence, Bruce B. (2013; p.297), 'Citizen Ahmad among the Believers: Salvation Contextualized in Indonesia and Egypt' in Khalil, M. H. (ed.)
2735:
2395:
1620:
7250:
4855:
3771:
3516:
3329:
2838:
150:
1746:
7074:
6728:
6672:
6628:
6441:
6115:
6105:
6065:
5317:
5067:
4468:
2998:
998:
704:
684:
467:
Coptic Christians, being the largest religious minority in Egypt, are the most negatively affected by possibly discriminatory legislation.
277:
119:
2628:
2445:
703:
standing at between 5% – 15% of Egypt's population according to different statistics. About 95% of Egypt's Christians are members of the
404:, and made it necessary for non-Abrahamic religious communities to either commit perjury or be denied Egyptian identification cards (see
6733:
6473:
6359:
5467:
4198:
2605:
2129:
872:
844:
771:
445:
Egyptian state laws allow Muslim men to marry Christian or Jewish women but do not allow Christian or Jewish men to marry Muslim women.
285:
3806:
7186:
7117:
6996:
6618:
6495:
6162:
6043:
5970:
5958:
5919:
5362:
4999:
4944:
3751:
1586:
712:
2156:
6721:
6250:
5393:
4462:
4175:
4013:
2405:
2233:
2034:
972:
4274:
3897:
2579:
351:
A 2020 report stated that Egypt is one of the top five countries with the highest levels of social hostilities involving religion.
4140:
2189:
6854:
6517:
6240:
1455:
1126:. Jews participated in all aspects of Egypt's social, economic and political life; one of the most ardent Egyptian nationalists,
644:
are trained in Imam vocational schools and at Al-Azhar. The ministry supports Sunni Islam and has commissions authorized to give
6070:
3408:
3112:
3019:
7213:
7181:
6934:
6660:
5790:
2058:
374:
293:
4491:
3872:
1225:
6782:
6539:
5460:
5403:
4955:
3961:
3489:
3386:
1006:
Protestant churches also exist in Egypt. The total number of Protestants in Egypt is around 200,000. The denominations are:
7296:
6981:
1211:
971:(an Oriental Orthodox Church) has a very small population in Egypt, numbering between 450 and 500. Most are students of the
7069:
6864:
6270:
5795:
5778:
5152:
4735:
4628:
4576:
4430:
3671:
879:
775:
3986:
2664:
2063:
7045:
6849:
6817:
6633:
6265:
6135:
6058:
5548:
5398:
3278:
2104:
1085:
1070:
7208:
7050:
6792:
6682:
6505:
6300:
6167:
6110:
6006:
5881:
5526:
5357:
5262:
4501:
4357:
4097:
3724:
2430:
1985:
1961:
1388:
1384:
1056:
248:
5939:
3089:
2487:
316:, with estimates in 2022 placing the number at between 1,000 and 2,000 people, along with a far smaller community of
3158:
2319:
1496:
In 2004, the Christian Post quoted the U.S. Copt Association as reporting 15% of the population as native Christian.
7327:
7203:
6905:
6888:
6871:
6812:
6638:
6593:
6524:
6463:
6436:
6080:
5718:
5672:
5536:
5531:
5036:
5018:
3180:
1512:, one of the main government owned national newspapers in Egypt, estimated the percentage between 10% - 15% (2017).
1499:
QScience Connect in 2013 using 2008 data estimated that 5.1% of Egyptians between the ages of 15 and 59 were Copts.
400:) and all other religious beliefs. This ruling effectively delegitimizes and forbids practice of all but the three
5997:
2277:
7169:
7112:
7079:
6844:
6754:
6716:
6711:
6699:
6598:
6404:
6290:
6260:
6245:
5652:
5367:
4775:
4486:
4224:
3137:
2778:"Interfaith Marriage in Islam: An Examination of the Legal Theory Behind the Traditional and Reformist Positions"
2256:
1824:
1576:
1470:
1379:
1063:
1049:
894:
825:
779:
4398:
3631:
3582:
3167:
The Coptic Orthodox Church is the main Christian Church in Egypt, where it has between 6 and 11 million members.
7245:
7225:
7033:
6859:
6655:
6643:
6480:
6458:
6125:
6075:
6016:
5975:
5851:
5846:
5812:
5773:
5647:
5312:
5277:
5232:
5084:
5060:
5005:
4890:
4880:
4685:
4423:
3937:
2648:
2157:"Controversy in Egypt after a prominent church figure declared the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million"
1445:
1327:
1255:
1243:
Since their faith is not officially recognized by the state, they were not allowed to use it on their national
954:
947:
799:
795:
385:
6053:
2712:
354:
A 2021 report notes a government crack-down on religious violence, including the execution of the murderer of
3693:
3245:
828:
Church) has around 210,000 members in Egypt and roughly 50,000 adherents abroad. It is in communion with the
7154:
7008:
6777:
6512:
6364:
6337:
6322:
6317:
5953:
5617:
5202:
5197:
5092:
4895:
4780:
4715:
1162:
in 1967. As of mid-2016, there were a total of 6 Jews remaining in Cairo, including their spiritual leader,
848:
289:
3303:
355:
7235:
7164:
6986:
6954:
6648:
6586:
6581:
6295:
5760:
5677:
5667:
5541:
5322:
5297:
5212:
5192:
5142:
5112:
5102:
5012:
4992:
4986:
4875:
4835:
4820:
4805:
4760:
4700:
4521:
1440:
1435:
1311:
968:
961:
821:
807:
803:
747:
653:
Scholars estimate that Shia Muslims comprise 1 percent of the population. There are very small numbers of
568:
306:
266:
4979:
4967:
3608:
882:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has about 7,000 members in Egypt. The eparchy of Egypt is looked after by a
7240:
7132:
7102:
6991:
6971:
6917:
6829:
6468:
6426:
6421:
6399:
6207:
6197:
5982:
5861:
5829:
5711:
5692:
5521:
5483:
5408:
5287:
5282:
5162:
4825:
3346:
1430:
976:
783:
666:
613:
480:
325:
1233:
897:(an Oriental Orthodox Church) has around 7,000 adherents in Egypt. Most of them follow the Holy See of
719:, attesting to Egypt's strong Christian heritage. It has approximately 10 million followers worldwide.
313:
284:
church. Other Christian denominations include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite and Anglican. The
3202:
1171:
7107:
7057:
6927:
6031:
6021:
5622:
5504:
5352:
5302:
5257:
5237:
5227:
5127:
5023:
4930:
4905:
4750:
4745:
4725:
4695:
4680:
4556:
1774:
837:
503:
458:
425:
369:
229:
claimed that the percentage of Christians ranged from 10 to 15%, similar to the range claimed by the
17:
3538:
2732:
575:
communities making up the remainder. A significant number of Sunni Egyptians also follow the native
90:
7218:
7198:
7018:
6966:
6961:
6900:
6802:
6485:
6416:
6411:
6130:
5509:
5382:
5327:
5242:
5222:
5107:
5097:
5053:
4973:
4939:
4915:
4885:
4870:
4850:
4840:
4830:
4795:
4790:
4740:
4690:
4665:
4621:
2923:
1803:
1628:
1355:
1296:
1198:
906:
716:
583:
517:
ranked Egypt as the 25th most difficult place to be a Christian, on their annual World Watch List.
401:
378:
364:
123:
7282:
5437:
2835:
2526:
920:
has around 7,000 adherents in Egypt. Most are citizens born in Egypt but of foreign descent, like
7028:
6939:
6839:
6706:
6534:
6500:
6453:
6431:
6327:
6229:
6100:
5987:
5934:
5627:
5602:
5597:
5372:
5307:
5272:
5207:
5187:
5177:
5137:
5122:
5117:
4925:
4920:
4860:
4810:
4770:
4670:
4606:
4581:
4546:
4516:
4511:
4446:
3116:
2687:
2190:"Pope Shenouda III declares to a TV station that the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million"
1536:
1343:
1188:
1151:
1111:
1042:
1014:
708:
476:
421:
281:
4076:
1673:
7306:
3827:
813:
Significant minorities within Egypt's Christian community include the following denominations:
7176:
7038:
6883:
6834:
6787:
6772:
6687:
6603:
6490:
6388:
6369:
6202:
5876:
5871:
5802:
5785:
5768:
5642:
5514:
5413:
5332:
5292:
5267:
5247:
5182:
5157:
5132:
4961:
4900:
4845:
4800:
4785:
4765:
4755:
4675:
4633:
4596:
4571:
4526:
3725:"Atheists in Egypt: Life on the Edge of Civil Death | Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights"
3636:
3325:
2634:
2450:
2401:
2311:
2229:
2223:
2139:
2134:
1903:
1582:
1450:
1371:
1331:
1278:
1028:
472:
409:
142:
115:
99:
76:
4115:
3912:
2613:
7137:
7094:
7064:
6949:
6912:
6694:
6623:
6576:
6565:
6280:
6275:
6255:
6177:
5992:
5893:
5824:
5807:
5748:
5637:
5569:
5252:
5217:
5172:
5167:
5076:
4910:
4815:
4710:
4601:
4586:
4476:
4308:
2817:
2808:
Fouad N. Ibrahim (1982). "Social and economic geographical analysis of the Egyptian Copts".
2708:
2499:
1666:
1602:
1375:
1229:
1217:
933:
495:
321:
138:
3436:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. Department of State. 15 September 2006
3433:
2880:
722:
513:
In January 2013 when the Muslim Brotherhood was in power, Christian nonprofit organization
236:
Recent self-identification surveys put the Christian percentage at around 10%, as found by
7127:
6944:
6895:
6797:
6613:
6349:
6332:
5963:
5888:
5662:
5657:
5632:
4643:
4611:
4566:
4561:
4496:
4353:
3801:
3064:
3059:
2862:
2842:
2777:
2739:
2719:
2668:
2164:
1953:
1781:
1422:
1123:
985:
940:
791:
597:
158:
107:
1221:
886:, and has between 35,000 and 50,000 ex-patriates in Europe, North and South America, and
851:) has around 350,000 adherents in Egypt. The Church has another 1.5 million adherents in
408:), until a 2008 Cairo court case ruled that unrecognized religious minorities may obtain
2583:
1924:
1643:
1122:
Before 1956 and according to the 1948 census there were 65,639 Egyptian Jews, including
83:(estimated to be 85-95% of the population), with the next largest religious group being
7276:
7230:
7084:
7023:
6807:
6608:
6120:
6048:
5907:
5841:
5687:
5574:
5499:
4616:
4591:
4541:
4536:
4531:
1752:
1347:
1143:
1035:
925:
883:
727:
670:
556:
536:
468:
241:
4038:
412:
and identification documents, so long as they omit their religion on court documents.
184:
7321:
7159:
7147:
7142:
6822:
5912:
5581:
5431:
4481:
4301:"Characterizing the Copts in Egypt: Demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators"
3456:
2949:
2898:
1367:
1323:
929:
864:
860:
751:
654:
549:
545:
237:
3305:
Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background
3220:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
240:
in 2016 (which estimated the country to be 10.3% Christian and 89.4% Muslim) and by
7286:
6876:
6285:
5944:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2026:
1408:
1363:
1307:
1163:
1139:
1135:
1131:
917:
700:
695:
The Coptic Christian population in Egypt is the largest Christian community in the
680:
434:
420:
While freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Egyptian constitution, according to
393:
80:
75:, although estimates vary greatly in the absence of official statistics. Since the
67:
controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. The state religion of
49:
3852:
3511:
1493:
population of more than 60 million" which yields an estimate of about 10-20% then.
1090:
561:
3371:
3319:
3263:
2004:"Religion/Islamic conservatism's revival attracts followers, worries governments"
6305:
6036:
6026:
5834:
5819:
5682:
5607:
5441:
4648:
4638:
1319:
1315:
1155:
1147:
994:
696:
688:
2798:
Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups By Stephan Thernstrom. Page 242.
1799:
1416:
582:
In the country. Egypt hosts the most important Sunni institution in the world,
6354:
6312:
4458:
3990:
3831:
3775:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2661:
1398:
1335:
1167:
1127:
898:
763:
759:
633:
590:), and is considered by many to be the oldest extant university in the world.
587:
565:
514:
507:
499:
491:
301:
263:
134:
111:
4014:"Understanding Unbelief in Egypt - Understanding Unbelief - Research at Kent"
2315:
2112:
586:. It is the oldest Islamic institution of higher studies (founded around 970
320:, with an estimated 13 adherents in 2014 (down from 80,000 prior to the 1953
7193:
6665:
5564:
4313:
4300:
1194:
1115:
887:
572:
270:
259:
169:
146:
3752:"A Brief And Bitter History Of Being Atheist In Modern Egypt - Worldcrunch"
2552:
1224:
Faith as an independent religion distinct from Islam. The state-sanctioned
1166:, all women over the age of 65. There are a further 12 Jews in the city of
657:
Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims, and expatriate members of various groups in Egypt
2962:
2475:"4. Restrictions on religion among the 25 most populous countries in 2018"
1102:
368:
Christianity, allowing them public worship unlike other faiths. President
5866:
4506:
2902:
2446:"Egypt's Jewish community diminished to 6 women after death of Lucy Saul"
1509:
921:
646:
605:
336:
226:
5452:
2713:
Egypt court upholds right of converted Muslims to return to Christianity
1038:
Church, which has 120 churches and has around 10,000 adherents in Egypt.
715:
and traditionally believed to be established in the 1st century C.E. by
5612:
4551:
2821:
1095:
910:
902:
600:
founded in 970 by the Fatimids as the first Islamic University in Egypt
579:
397:
332:
317:
255:
165:
154:
130:
1621:"Copts welcome Presidential announcement on Eastern Christmas Holiday"
1537:
World Religion Database 2020 at the ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-03
675:
593:
541:
292:) has around 350,000 adherents. The most recent declarations, made by
5898:
5856:
4415:
1366:
poll of 1,798 Muslims in Egypt, 63% of those surveyed supported "the
1284:
1260:
1159:
856:
852:
734:, built in the third or fourth century CE, is one of the most famous
637:
621:
617:
576:
487:
388:
made a clear legal distinction between "recognized religions" (i.e.,
297:
252:
95:
4299:
Mohamoud, Yousra; Cuadros, Diego; Abu-Raddad, Laith (26 June 2013).
4056:"Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Perceptions: New Survey"
3828:"Controversial Egyptian film 'The Atheist' gets go ahead by censors"
273:
community range from 800,000 to about two to three million members.
244:
in 2019 (which estimated it to be 9.6% Christian and 90.3% Muslim).
5045:
4372:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation in Cairo"
4248:"Egypt's Coptic Christians: Caught Between Renewal and Persecution"
4153:
1851:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation in Cairo"
1721:"Egypt's Coptic Christians: Caught Between Renewal and Persecution"
5929:
5734:
3560:
3482:"Egypt's forgotten Baha'i community fearful and hopeful of future"
1603:"Egypt, US State Dept 2008 International Religious Freedom Report"
1303:
1101:
1089:
990:
984:
767:
739:
731:
721:
624:
school of Sunni Islam is largely controlled by the state, through
592:
540:
430:
389:
89:
84:
72:
68:
39:
3373:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
3321:
Women Under Islam: Gender Justice and the Politics of Islamic Law
3265:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
2339:
2337:
2225:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
964:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 2,000 adherents in Egypt.
950:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 1,200 adherents in Egypt.
943:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 5,000 adherents in Egypt.
687:. Egyptian Christians are the largest Christian community in the
6342:
3045:
2062:. UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 August 2008. Archived from
829:
735:
641:
312:
There is a small but historically significant population of the
6752:
6563:
6386:
6227:
5746:
5707:
5703:
5456:
5049:
4419:
1287:
in Egypt in 2010. That number decreased to about 1124 in 2020.
2304:"Egypt's Shiite Muslims saw the Sunni hatred grow under Morsi"
1265:
179:
3898:"USA Today -- Rampant religious persecution against atheists"
3539:"Egypt's Bahais score breakthrough in religious freedom case"
3873:"A Christopher Hitchens dream: Atheism on the rise in Egypt"
3797:"A Christopher Hitchens dream: Atheism on the rise in Egypt"
3561:"Egypt court upholds Baháʼí plea in religious freedom cases"
2426:
2424:
1947:
1945:
957:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has about 500 members in Egypt.
632:
controls all mosques and supervises Muslim clerics, but the
2534:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
2201:
2199:
3409:"Egypt Ahmadis detained under emergency law: rights group"
2345:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation"
2278:"Four Egyptian Shi'ites killed in attack by Sunni Muslims"
2021:
2019:
2017:
616:, any new legislation must at least implicitly agree with
6922:
4275:"Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution"
2985:"Bomb hits Alexandria church at New Year's Mass, 21 dead"
1747:"Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution"
1502:
The Pew Foundation estimated 5.1% for Christians in 2010.
3279:"The Ahmadiyya, One of Islam's Most Controversial Sects"
3159:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Coptic Orthodox Church"
3142:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
1359:
parent's religion, whether it is Islam or Christianity.
1263:
spokesman that "We will prosecute the Bahai's [
1237:
so long as they omit their religion on court documents.
1220:
became the first Islamic state to legally recognize the
3457:"EGYPT: Court suspends ruling recognising Bahai rights"
3090:"2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Egypt"
2649:
Egypt: Egypt Arrests 22 Muslim converts to Christianity
2440:
2438:
1978:
The 2009 American Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life
1898:
1896:
1017:) which has between 10,000 and 15,000 members in Egypt.
196:
1876:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate – Politics"
762:
communities are largely found in the urban regions of
746:
Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the
331:
A varying number of Egyptians will openly identify as
3387:"Rights group demands release of Ahmadiyya detainees"
3020:"Sectarian tensions rise in wake of crime boss death"
2733:
Egypt allows converts to revert to Christianity on ID
2612:, Human Rights Watch, 11 January 2007, archived from
2555:. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. 2006-12-16
1904:"The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt"
1648:
Egypt: Overview of human rights issues in Egypt. 2005
1466:
List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in the United States
471:
have faced increasing marginalization since the 1952
4176:"Govt announces campaign to save youth from atheism"
3632:"Shahat: Baha'is threaten Egypt's national security"
3203:"Coptic Orthodox Church — World Council of Churches"
2963:"Egyptians riot after seven killed in Church attack"
2881:"Egypt, International Religious Freedom Report 2006"
2580:"Egypt Baha'is win court fight over identity papers"
2553:"Government Must Find Solution for Baha'i Egyptians"
2124:
2122:
1919:
1917:
7093:
6765:
6191:
6093:
5759:
5590:
5557:
5490:
5381:
5341:
5083:
4938:
4657:
4453:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3583:"Baháʼí Homes Set on Fire Again in Egypt – UPDATED"
3428:
3426:
3318:Jones-Pauly, Christina; Tuqan, Abir Dajani (2011).
1052:, which has Church around 3,500 adherents in Egypt.
1031:
Church, which has around 40,000 adherents in Egypt.
3938:"Is Al-Azhar University a Global Security Threat?"
3853:"In protection of religion or protection from it?"
3585:. The Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights. 2011-02-23
2917:
2151:
2149:
1130:' (Abu Naddara), was Jewish, as were the musician
1045:Church, which has around 5,000 adherents in Egypt.
4154:"Egyptian Parliament considers outlawing atheism"
3060:"Egyptian people section from the World Factbook"
2500:"Egypt: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"
1660:
1658:
989:Archangel Michael's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in
118:as the first Islamic university in Egypt and the
4399:"EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord"
1800:"EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord"
993:. A noticeable large proportion of Egyptians in
122:established in the middle of the 1st century by
3434:"Egypt: International Religious Freedom Report"
3376:, pp.288–312. New York: Oxford University Press
3268:, pp.288–312. New York: Oxford University Press
2257:"Egypt: Attack On Shia Comes At Dangerous Time"
2184:
2182:
1022:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)
463:Abduction and forced conversion of Coptic women
258:. There are reportedly close to fifty thousand
3746:
3744:
3246:"Egypt's last Jews aim to keep heritage alive"
2683:"Egyptian Court Allows Return to Christianity"
2138:. Microsoft. 30 September 2008. Archived from
855:and between 10,000 and 15,000 ex-patriates in
276:Most Egyptian Christians belong to the native
106:Egypt hosts two major religious institutions.
5719:
5468:
5061:
4431:
3113:"Egypt's Christian-Muslim Gap Growing Bigger"
2048:
2046:
2044:
300:in 2008, claimed that the number of Orthodox
8:
3630:al-Shahat, Abdel Moneim (18 February 2012).
3563:. Baháʼí World News Service. 29 January 2008
3084:
3082:
2885:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2753:"New Digital Platforms | AUC Libraries"
2630:Egypt: national unity & the Coptic issue
2111:. LookLex. 30 September 2008. Archived from
1607:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
340:
3700:. United Nations, Population Division. 2020
3138:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
2371:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate"
2208:Sufism, Mystics, and Saints in Modern Egypt
1925:"Egypt Round 6 Data (2016) | Afrobarometer"
1552:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate"
455:Anti-Christian sentiment in the Middle East
6762:
6749:
6560:
6383:
6224:
5756:
5743:
5726:
5712:
5704:
5475:
5461:
5453:
5068:
5054:
5046:
4438:
4424:
4416:
4358:American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
4041:Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?
3962:"Explained: The enduring impact of fatwas"
2573:
2571:
2569:
2397:Who are the Christians in the Middle East?
1962:American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
1723:. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1461:List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in Canada
1150:, a great number of Jews were expelled by
1024:which has around 140,000 members in Egypt.
817:Apostolic Catholic and Orthodox Churches:
4312:
4225:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?"
3980:
3978:
2521:
2519:
1908:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1825:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?"
1581:. Pew Research Center. 16 February 2011.
1011:Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria
788:Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria
231:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
4252:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
4050:
4048:
3512:"QuickLists: Most Baha'i Nations (2010)"
3476:
3474:
2919:"Coptic Christians attacked in churches"
2547:
2545:
2543:
2228:. Oxford University Press. p. 297.
679:About 5% to 15% of Egyptians follow the
674:
406:Egyptian identification card controversy
324:and persecution during the decades long
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3605:"An open letter to the people of Egypt"
3347:"Insult laws: Elusive and longstanding"
2899:"Egyptian court orders clashes retrial"
1578:How many Christians are there in Egypt?
1529:
1505:The CIA Fact Book estimated 10% (2012).
1482:
834:Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria
262:Muslims in Egypt. Estimates of Egypt's
3046:"The Open Doors World Watch List 2013"
2473:Mitchell, Travis (November 10, 2020).
869:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria
459:Persecution of Copts § Modern era
4077:"Data Analysis Tool – Arab Barometer"
3772:"Who is afraid of Egyptian atheists?"
3607:. www.bahai-egypt.org. Archived from
3517:Association of Religion Data Archives
3092:. US Department of State. 12 May 2020
2999:"11 killed, churches burned in Cairo"
2578:Johnston, Cynthia (29 January 2008).
1066:, which has 1,100 adherents in Egypt.
1059:, which has 1,400 adherents in Egypt.
94:A common religious scene in Egypt: a
18:Forced religious conversions in Egypt
7:
7302:
4469:Traditional African religions portal
4152:Winston, Kimberly (4 January 2018).
3644:from the original on 10 October 2017
3181:"Who are Egypt's Coptic Christians?"
2930:from the original on 12 January 2022
2633:, Ahram, 5 July 2004, archived from
2527:"Egypt Chapter - 2019 Annual Report"
2302:Bengali, Shashank (10 August 2013).
2210:, University of South Carolina Press
1719:Don Wagner (October–November 1997).
1671:Data can be also accessed using the
1664:Arab Barometer Wave V (2018 - 2019)
1546:
1544:
1291:Atheism, agnosticism, and irreligion
1142:. For a while, Jews from across the
705:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
685:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
347:Freedom of religion and human rights
278:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
120:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
7292:
3985:Halawi, Jailan (27 December 2000).
1178:Unrecognized and persecuted beliefs
1108:Library of Jewish Heritage in Egypt
845:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
772:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
286:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
247:According to 2015 figures from the
4156:. World-Wide Religions News (WWRN)
3694:"International Migrant Stock 2020"
3308:Oxford University Press, 2003 p.24
1627:, 20 December 2002, archived from
975:, or foreign students studying in
713:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
604:The Shia Ismaili caliphate of the
449:Relations with the Coptic minority
25:
6673:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
4354:"Egypt from "The World Factbook""
4273:Chan, Kenneth (7 December 2004).
4223:Suh, Michael (15 February 2011).
3989:. Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from
2856:Church Building Regulations Eased
2836:Church Building Regulations Eased
2400:. Betty Jane Bailey. 2003-03-27.
2163:. 2 November 2008. Archived from
2035:United States Department of State
1310:can be tried under the country's
1228:started to emerge after the 1953
973:Catechetical School of Alexandria
628:(Ministry of Religious Affairs).
249:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
7301:
7291:
7281:
7272:
7271:
6530:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
5591:Minorities and Foreign nationals
5436:
5427:
5426:
5000:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4721:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4461:
4254:. No. October/November 1997
3488:. 7 January 2012. Archived from
3225:www.greekorthodox-alexandria.org
2950:Egypt church attacks spark anger
2681:Audi, Nadim (11 February 2008).
2222:Khalil, Mohammad Hassan (2013).
1650:, Human Rights Watch, 2006-01-18
1456:List of Coptic Churches in Egypt
1415:
1401:
183:
7014:Identification card controversy
4141:Pew Forum website, 2013 article
4116:"The Taboo of Atheism in Egypt"
3936:Farahat, Cynthia (2017-08-24).
3913:"The Taboo of Atheism in Egypt"
3603:Baháʼís of Egypt (April 2011).
3345:Sarah Carr (19 November 2012).
2105:"Egypt Religions & Peoples"
2059:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
375:Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
5920:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
5394:British Indian Ocean Territory
4397:Morrow, Adam (24 April 2006).
4333:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
4329:"Religions in Egypt | PEW-GRF"
4039:The Arab world in seven charts
3179:Matt Rehbein (10 April 2017).
2776:Alex B. Leeman (Spring 2009).
2031:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
1798:Morrow, Adam (24 April 2006).
1788:. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
1699:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
1695:"Religions in Egypt | PEW-GRF"
650:judgements on Islamic issues.
640:madhhabs were mixed together.
1:
4629:Traditional African religions
2916:Miles, Hugh (15 April 2006).
1269:] on charge of treason".
880:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
832:in Rome. It is headed by the
776:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
365:Freedom of belief and worship
6547:Twin towns and sister cities
6059:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
4199:"Egypt's embattled atheists"
3911:Khatib, Hakim (2016-01-24).
2671:Ahram Weekly, 3 – 9 May 2007
1515:Several sources give 10-20%.
1170:, whose spiritual leader is
1086:History of the Jews in Egypt
1071:Seventh-day Adventist Church
932:, or members of the foreign
386:Supreme Administrative Court
7075:Vehicle registration plates
6729:Water supply and sanitation
4781:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
4502:Traditional Berber religion
4120:International Policy Digest
4098:"US State Dept 2017 report"
3917:International Policy Digest
3324:. I.B.Tauris. p. 416.
3111:Cole, Ethan (8 July 2008).
2206:Hoffman, Valerie J (1995),
1674:"Online Data Analysis Tool"
1387:and particularly after the
1385:Egyptian revolution of 2011
1314:. Outspoken atheists, like
1230:dissolution of the monarchy
1073:has 852 adherents in Egypt.
1057:Pentecostal Holiness Church
691:by raw number of adherents.
322:dissolution of the monarchy
282:Oriental Orthodox Christian
7344:
6734:Water resources management
5037:African diaspora religions
2965:. NBC NEWS. 7 January 2010
2834:WorldWide Religious News.
1346:, citing a 2018 survey by
1294:
1276:
1209:
1186:
1083:
754:denominations such as the
664:
534:
452:
416:Restrictions on conversion
7267:
6761:
6748:
6629:Impact on the environment
6619:Entrepreneurship policies
6572:
6559:
6395:
6382:
6236:
6223:
5755:
5742:
5422:
5033:
4487:Ancient Egyptian religion
2582:. Reuters. Archived from
2488:US State Dept 2021 report
2431:US State Dept 2022 report
1471:Ancient Egyptian religion
1372:leave the Muslim religion
1064:Church of God of Prophecy
1050:Pentecostal Church of God
895:Armenian Apostolic Church
780:Armenian Apostolic Church
770:, and are members of the
756:Coptic Evangelical Church
424:, "Egyptians are able to
32:Religion in Egypt (2020)
6400:Administrative divisions
6076:2011 Egyptian revolution
6017:1952 Egyptian revolution
5813:Lighthouse of Alexandria
5143:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4706:Central African Republic
1446:Catholic Church in Egypt
1256:2011 Egyptian revolution
955:Chaldean Catholic Church
948:Armenian Catholic Church
800:Chaldean Catholic Church
796:Armenian Catholic Church
683:faith as members of the
6604:Egyptian stock exchange
5404:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4314:10.5339/connect.2013.22
2861:18 October 2017 at the
2667:15 October 2008 at the
1644:"Egypt: Events of 2005"
1389:ouster of Morsi in 2013
1328:civil law legal systems
1283:There were about 2,700
1249:two related court cases
849:Eastern Orthodox Church
341:Atheism and agnosticism
290:Eastern Orthodox Church
6935:International rankings
5940:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
4018:Understanding Unbelief
3987:"Limits to expression"
3541:. AFP. 30 January 2008
1441:Protestantism in Egypt
1436:Coptic Orthodox Church
1226:persecution of Baháʼís
1119:
1099:
1002:
969:Syriac Orthodox Church
962:Syriac Catholic Church
822:Coptic Catholic Church
808:Syriac Orthodox Church
804:Syriac Catholic Church
748:Coptic Catholic Church
743:
692:
601:
552:
479:. Until recently, the
307:Coptic Catholic Church
103:
6540:Terrorism and tourism
5998:1948 Arab–Israeli War
5830:Library of Alexandria
5484:Demographics of Egypt
4866:São Tomé and Príncipe
4856:Republic of the Congo
4401:. Inter Press Service
4227:. Pew Research Center
2887:. September 15, 2006.
2854:Compass Direct News.
2841:18 March 2009 at the
2738:16 April 2009 at the
2662:"Fraud, not Freedom".
1975:"Muslim population",
1780:24 March 2016 at the
1431:Christianity in Egypt
1334:, and in the case of
1254:During and since the
1212:Baháʼí Faith in Egypt
1205:
1105:
1093:
988:
977:Egyptian universities
918:Latin Catholic Church
784:Latin Catholic Church
725:
711:church headed by the
678:
667:Christianity in Egypt
614:constitution of Egypt
596:
544:
356:Father Samaan Shehata
326:Arab-Israeli conflict
296:and bishop Morkos of
93:
7251:World Heritage Sites
7070:Units of measurement
6525:Proposed new capital
6271:Environmental issues
6032:United Arab Republic
5925:Muhammad Ali dynasty
5318:United Arab Emirates
4376:english.ahram.org.eg
3993:on 26 December 2004.
3455:IRIN (16 May 2006).
2637:on 12 September 2007
2616:on 28 September 2008
2375:english.ahram.org.eg
2349:english.ahram.org.eg
2322:on 22 September 2015
2066:on 12 December 2012.
2037:. 30 September 2008.
1880:english.ahram.org.eg
1855:english.ahram.org.eg
1631:on 30 September 2007
1609:. 19 September 2008.
1556:english.ahram.org.eg
838:Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak
526:Recognized religions
370:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
6923:Freedom of religion
6818:Mass sexual assault
6183:Timekeeping devices
6081:2013 Rabaa massacre
6054:Egyptian–Libyan War
5345:limited recognition
4622:Serer creation myth
3302:Yohanan Friedmann.
3144:. 8 November 2017.
2865:. 13 December 2005.
2845:. 13 December 2005.
2782:Indiana Law Journal
2651:. November 03, 2003
2586:on 15 February 2008
2142:on 28 October 2009.
2115:on 1 February 2011.
1964:. 4 September 2008.
1829:Pew Research Center
1804:Inter Press Service
1356:Abrahamic religions
1297:Irreligion in Egypt
1199:Al-Azhar University
1013:(a province of the
907:Holy See of Cilicia
750:and various Coptic
584:Al-Azhar University
555:Islam has been the
548:As viewed from the
481:Christians in Egypt
402:Abrahamic religions
379:Al-Azhar University
168:government, Coptic
164:In 2002, under the
42:(official) (90.64%)
7113:Art (contemporary)
6793:Capital punishment
6683:Telecommunications
6360:Towns and villages
6328:Qattara Depression
6141:Muslim Brotherhood
6111:Cigarette industry
5971:British occupation
5882:Crusader invasions
5852:Rashidun Caliphate
4607:Malagasy mythology
4517:Bushongo mythology
4447:Religion in Africa
3117:The Christian Post
2822:10.1007/BF00446595
2722:. 9 February 2008.
2718:2011-11-21 at the
2688:The New York Times
2192:. 29 October 2008.
1991:on 10 October 2009
1958:The World Factbook
1910:. 25 October 2005.
1831:. 16 February 2011
1510:Al-Ahram newspaper
1344:University of Kent
1189:Ahmadiyya in Egypt
1164:Magda Tania Haroun
1152:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1120:
1112:Ben Ezra Synagogue
1100:
1043:Christian Brethren
1015:Anglican Communion
1003:
905:, rather than the
744:
693:
602:
553:
521:Religions in Egypt
477:Gamal Abdel Nasser
422:Human Rights Watch
410:birth certificates
195:. You can help by
104:
58: Other (0.1%)
7328:Religion in Egypt
7315:
7314:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7187:Football stadiums
7118:Botanical gardens
6997:Catholic dioceses
6889:Gender inequality
6813:Human trafficking
6744:
6743:
6678:Tallest buildings
6639:Military industry
6555:
6554:
6496:Political parties
6449:Islamic extremism
6437:Foreign relations
6378:
6377:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
5959:French occupation
5877:Fatimid Caliphate
5872:Ikhshidid dynasty
5701:
5700:
5575:Coptic Christians
5527:Oriental Orthodox
5450:
5449:
5387:other territories
5077:Religion in Asia
5043:
5042:
4949:other territories
4736:Equatorial Guinea
4634:Tumbuka mythology
4597:Lugbara mythology
4582:Khoe/San religion
4527:Dahomean religion
4203:www.aljazeera.com
4197:Keddie, Patrick.
4122:. 24 January 2016
3942:Middle East Forum
3664:"India and Egypt"
3637:Egypt Independent
3351:Egypt Independent
3331:978-1-84511-386-5
3250:timesofisrael.com
3207:www.oikoumene.org
3026:. 15 October 2012
2952:, April 15, 2006.
2451:Egypt Independent
2308:Los Angeles Times
2008:Star Wars Tribune
1929:afrobarometer.org
1756:. 7 December 2004
1451:Hinduism in Egypt
1380:Ministry of Awqaf
1376:Ministry of Youth
1279:Hinduism in Egypt
1134:, popular singer
1029:Assemblies of God
873:Pope Theodoros II
709:Oriental Orthodox
620:. The mainstream
612:According to the
496:El Kosheh attacks
294:Pope Shenouda III
213:
212:
143:national identity
110:, founded in 970
65:Religion in Egypt
16:(Redirected from
7335:
7305:
7304:
7295:
7294:
7285:
7275:
7274:
7080:Waste management
6845:Academic grading
6763:
6750:
6722:Railway stations
6700:Cultural tourism
6599:Economic regions
6561:
6384:
6225:
5894:Mamluk Sultanate
5825:Diocese of Egypt
5808:Battle of Actium
5757:
5744:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5705:
5532:Eastern Orthodox
5477:
5470:
5463:
5454:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5399:Christmas Island
5085:Sovereign states
5070:
5063:
5056:
5047:
4659:Sovereign states
4602:Maasai mythology
4587:Lotuko mythology
4477:Akamba mythology
4471:
4466:
4465:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4360:. June 22, 2014.
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4305:QScience Connect
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4149:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4052:
4043:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4010:
3995:
3994:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3805:. Archived from
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3721:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3670:. Archived from
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3492:on 21 March 2012
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3383:
3377:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3315:
3309:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3252:. 26 March 2017.
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3024:Daily News Egypt
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2959:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2877:
2866:
2852:
2846:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2742:. February 2008.
2729:
2723:
2709:Associated Press
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2678:
2672:
2660:Shahine, Gihan.
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2496:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2442:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2318:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2068:
2067:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1984:, archived from
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1784:<Online>.
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1670:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1548:
1539:
1534:
1518:
1487:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1332:Hamed Abdelsamad
1218:Kingdom of Egypt
1172:Ben Youssef Gaon
1098:from Egypt, 1873
934:diplomatic corps
826:Eastern Catholic
626:Wizaret Al-Awkaf
384:In 2006 Egypt's
208:
205:
187:
180:
57:
47:
37:
21:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7255:
7246:Public holidays
7236:National anthem
7089:
7002:Coptic Churches
6945:Egyptian Arabic
6855:Medical schools
6757:
6740:
6656:Nuclear program
6568:
6551:
6481:Nationality law
6474:Supreme Council
6459:Law enforcement
6391:
6374:
6350:Sinai Peninsula
6333:Red Sea Riviera
6232:
6211:
6187:
6089:
5976:1919 revolution
5964:Revolt of Cairo
5889:Ayyubid dynasty
5867:Tulunid dynasty
5751:
5738:
5732:
5702:
5697:
5586:
5553:
5486:
5481:
5451:
5446:
5418:
5386:
5377:
5358:Northern Cyprus
5344:
5337:
5079:
5074:
5044:
5039:
5029:
4948:
4943:
4934:
4653:
4644:Yoruba religion
4612:Mbuti mythology
4567:Isoko mythology
4497:Bantu mythology
4467:
4460:
4449:
4444:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4012:
4011:
3998:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3946:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3733:
3731:
3723:
3722:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3674:on 7 March 2012
3668:www.shvoong.com
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3611:on 9 April 2011
3602:
3601:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3523:
3521:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3261:
3257:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3209:. January 1948.
3201:
3200:
3196:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3065:World Fact Book
3058:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2905:. 30 July 2001.
2897:
2896:
2892:
2879:
2878:
2869:
2863:Wayback Machine
2853:
2849:
2843:Wayback Machine
2833:
2829:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2740:Wayback Machine
2730:
2726:
2720:Wayback Machine
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2669:Wayback Machine
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2103:
2102:
2071:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2010:. 18 June 2009.
2002:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1782:Wayback Machine
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1734:60 million
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:"Data Download"
1665:
1663:
1656:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1423:Religion portal
1421:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1370:for people who
1299:
1293:
1281:
1275:
1214:
1208:
1191:
1185:
1183:Ahmadiyya Islam
1180:
1088:
1082:
999:Coptic Orthodox
941:Maronite Church
792:Maronite Church
673:
665:Main articles:
663:
598:Al-Azhar Mosque
539:
533:
528:
523:
465:
453:Main articles:
451:
443:
418:
349:
218:
209:
203:
200:
193:needs expansion
178:
137:share a common
108:Al-Azhar Mosque
62:
61:
60:
59:
55:
53:
45:
43:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7299:
7289:
7279:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7196:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7182:Football clubs
7174:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7157:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7099:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6999:
6989:
6984:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6937:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6915:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6778:Animal welfare
6775:
6769:
6767:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6661:Power stations
6658:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6609:Egyptian pound
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6513:Prime Minister
6510:
6509:
6508:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6318:Northern coast
6315:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
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6243:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6221:
6220:
6217:
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6213:
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6205:
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6185:
6180:
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6165:
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6159:
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6153:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:Yom Kippur War
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6004:
6003:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5740:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5708:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
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5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5588:
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5579:
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5555:
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5552:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5496:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5050:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5021:
5019:Western Sahara
5016:
5009:
5003:
4996:
4990:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4956:Canary Islands
4952:
4950:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4617:Serer religion
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Lozi mythology
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4542:Efik mythology
4539:
4537:Dogon religion
4534:
4532:Dinka religion
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4507:Bono mythology
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4413:
4412:
4389:
4363:
4345:
4320:
4291:
4279:Christian Post
4265:
4238:
4215:
4189:
4167:
4144:
4133:
4107:
4089:
4068:
4044:
4030:
3996:
3974:
3953:
3928:
3903:
3900:. May 4, 2016.
3889:
3864:
3844:
3819:
3788:
3763:
3740:
3711:
3685:
3655:
3622:
3595:
3574:
3552:
3530:
3503:
3470:
3447:
3422:
3400:
3378:
3363:
3337:
3330:
3310:
3295:
3270:
3255:
3237:
3212:
3194:
3171:
3150:
3129:
3103:
3078:
3051:
3037:
3011:
2990:
2976:
2954:
2941:
2908:
2890:
2867:
2847:
2827:
2800:
2791:
2768:
2744:
2724:
2701:
2673:
2653:
2641:
2620:
2597:
2565:
2539:
2515:
2491:
2480:
2465:
2454:. 30 July 2016
2434:
2420:
2406:
2387:
2362:
2333:
2294:
2269:
2248:
2234:
2214:
2195:
2178:
2167:on 3 June 2010
2145:
2118:
2069:
2040:
2013:
1995:
1967:
1941:
1913:
1892:
1867:
1842:
1816:
1790:
1767:
1753:Christian Post
1738:
1711:
1686:
1654:
1635:
1612:
1594:
1588:978-2024194347
1587:
1568:
1540:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1396:
1393:
1348:Arab Barometer
1295:Main article:
1292:
1289:
1277:Main article:
1274:
1271:
1245:identity cards
1210:Main article:
1207:
1204:
1187:Main article:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1144:Ottoman Empire
1138:and filmmaker
1084:Main article:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1036:Free Methodist
1032:
1025:
1018:
983:
982:
981:
980:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
914:
891:
884:Protosyncellus
876:
867:. The current
841:
728:Hanging Church
671:Copts in Egypt
662:
659:
557:state religion
537:Islam in Egypt
535:Main article:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
469:Copts in Egypt
450:
447:
442:
439:
417:
414:
348:
345:
242:Arab Barometer
217:
214:
211:
210:
190:
188:
177:
174:
54:
44:
34:
30:
29:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7340:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7308:
7300:
7298:
7290:
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7284:
7280:
7278:
7270:
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7266:
7252:
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7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7108:Art (ancient)
7106:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
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7068:
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7063:
7059:
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7052:
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7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6987:Blasphemy law
6985:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6955:Sign Language
6953:
6951:
6950:Saʽidi Arabic
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6751:
6747:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6587:National Bank
6585:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6385:
6381:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5913:Ottoman Egypt
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Syro-Lebanese
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5668:Roma (Romani)
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5466:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:South Ossetia
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
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5025:
5022:
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5017:
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5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4991:
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4909:
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4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Guinea-Bissau
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
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4709:
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4689:
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4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4649:Zulu religion
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
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4630:
4627:
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4578:
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4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Igbo religion
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
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4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:Akan religion
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4400:
4393:
4390:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4292:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4266:
4253:
4249:
4246:Wagner, Don.
4242:
4239:
4226:
4219:
4216:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4190:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4155:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4102:www.state.gov
4099:
4093:
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4072:
4069:
4057:
4051:
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4045:
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4040:
4034:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3979:
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3963:
3957:
3954:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3809:on 2013-10-28
3808:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3778:. 28 May 2013
3777:
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3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3458:
3451:
3448:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3411:. 14 May 2010
3410:
3404:
3401:
3389:. 16 May 2010
3388:
3382:
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3333:
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3259:
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3208:
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3198:
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3182:
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3164:
3163:www.bbc.co.uk
3160:
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3147:
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3139:
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3118:
3114:
3107:
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3079:
3067:
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3061:
3055:
3052:
3048:. Open Doors.
3047:
3041:
3038:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2980:
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2942:
2929:
2925:
2924:The Telegraph
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2894:
2891:
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2876:
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2868:
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2566:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2505:
2504:Freedom House
2501:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2407:9780802810205
2403:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2237:
2235:9780199945412
2231:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:NLG Solutions
1771:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1514:
1511:
1508:According to
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:death penalty
1365:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:Antragsdelikt
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:blasphemy law
1309:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:In 1925, the
1213:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:Annex of the
1104:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
874:
870:
866:
865:South America
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:
816:
815:
814:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:. Non-native
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
690:
686:
682:
677:
672:
668:
660:
658:
656:
655:Dawoodi Bohra
651:
649:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
607:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
578:
574:
571:and the Shia
570:
567:
563:
558:
551:
550:Cairo Citadel
547:
546:Islamic Cairo
543:
538:
530:
525:
520:
518:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
464:
460:
456:
448:
446:
440:
438:
436:
432:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
371:
366:
362:
359:
357:
352:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
238:Afrobarometer
234:
232:
228:
222:
215:
207:
198:
194:
191:This section
189:
186:
182:
181:
175:
173:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
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117:
113:
109:
101:
97:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
51:
41:
33:
27:
19:
7133:Coat of arms
7103:Architecture
6992:Christianity
6976:
6972:Prostitution
6918:Human rights
6877:Abaza family
6865:Universities
6830:Demographics
6783:Billionaires
6427:Constitution
6422:Conscription
6405:Governorates
6286:Halfaya Pass
6156:1954–present
6116:Constitution
6071:2010s Crisis
5983:World War II
5945:Urabi revolt
5862:Islamization
5796:31st Dynasty
5791:27th Dynasty
5693:Palestinians
5522:Christianity
5491:
5383:Dependencies
5313:Turkmenistan
5278:Saudi Arabia
5147:
5011:
4998:
4985:
4940:Dependencies
4891:South Africa
4881:Sierra Leone
4730:
4686:Burkina Faso
4522:Christianity
4492:Baháʼí Faith
4403:. Retrieved
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4375:
4366:
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4332:
4323:
4307:(2013): 22.
4304:
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:
4268:
4256:. Retrieved
4251:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4218:
4208:26 September
4206:. Retrieved
4202:
4192:
4180:. Retrieved
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4147:
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4119:
4110:
4101:
4092:
4080:. Retrieved
4071:
4059:. Retrieved
4037:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4017:
3991:the original
3966:. Retrieved
3964:. 2022-08-16
3956:
3945:. Retrieved
3941:
3931:
3920:. Retrieved
3916:
3906:
3892:
3881:. Retrieved
3879:. 2013-10-27
3876:
3867:
3856:. Retrieved
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3822:
3811:. Retrieved
3807:the original
3800:
3791:
3780:. Retrieved
3766:
3755:. Retrieved
3732:. Retrieved
3728:
3702:. Retrieved
3697:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3667:
3658:
3646:. Retrieved
3635:
3625:
3613:. Retrieved
3609:the original
3598:
3587:. Retrieved
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3555:
3543:. Retrieved
3533:
3522:. Retrieved
3515:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:the original
3485:
3461:. Retrieved
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3413:. Retrieved
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3381:
3372:
3366:
3356:26 September
3354:. Retrieved
3350:
3340:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3298:
3286:. Retrieved
3282:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3069:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3023:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2993:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2957:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2911:
2893:
2850:
2830:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2747:
2727:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2656:
2644:
2635:the original
2629:
2623:
2614:the original
2610:World report
2609:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:the original
2557:. Retrieved
2533:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2483:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2449:
2411:. Retrieved
2396:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2374:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2348:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:the original
2307:
2297:
2286:. Retrieved
2284:. 2013-06-23
2281:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2224:
2217:
2207:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2160:
2140:the original
2133:
2113:the original
2109:Encyclopedia
2108:
2064:the original
2057:
2030:
2007:
1998:
1986:the original
1977:
1970:
1957:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1793:
1785:
1770:
1760:28 September
1758:. Retrieved
1750:
1741:
1732:
1725:. Retrieved
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1629:the original
1624:
1615:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:
1532:
1485:
1409:Egypt portal
1364:Pew Research
1361:
1352:
1341:
1308:Christianity
1300:
1282:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1239:
1234:Baháʼí Faith
1215:
1206:Bahá'í Faith
1192:
1140:Togo Mizrahi
1136:Leila Mourad
1132:Dawoud Husni
1121:
1107:
836:, currently
812:
745:
738:Churches in
701:North Africa
694:
661:Christianity
652:
645:
629:
625:
611:
603:
554:
512:
486:
466:
444:
435:Christianity
419:
394:Christianity
383:
363:
360:
353:
350:
330:
314:Baháʼí Faith
311:
275:
246:
235:
223:
219:
216:Demographics
201:
197:adding to it
192:
163:
128:
105:
81:Sunni Muslim
64:
63:
50:Christianity
31:
26:
7297:WikiProject
7058:Scientology
6928:LGBT rights
6850:Law schools
6634:Lighthouses
6577:Agriculture
6306:Mount Sinai
6266:Earthquakes
6066:Mubarak era
6037:Six-Day War
6027:Suez Crisis
6022:Land reform
5769:Prehistoric
5623:Circassians
5558:Main groups
5537:Catholicism
5442:Asia portal
5343:States with
5263:Philippines
5203:South Korea
5198:North Korea
5093:Afghanistan
4896:South Sudan
4639:Waaqeffanna
4382:29 November
4178:. Mada Masr
4023:23 February
3615:25 February
3496:25 February
3230:25 November
3096:25 November
2761:25 November
2380:14 February
2355:30 November
1885:28 February
1860:28 February
1727:25 November
1625:Arabic News
1561:27 November
1336:Farag Fouda
1320:Kareem Amer
1316:Alber Saber
1156:Six-Day War
1148:Suez Crisis
995:Upper Egypt
697:Middle East
689:Middle East
618:Islamic law
504:Nag Hammadi
473:coup d'état
204:August 2024
77:2006 census
7209:Newspapers
7199:Mass media
7051:Synagogues
7019:Irreligion
6967:Literature
6962:Liberalism
6901:Healthcare
6803:Corruption
6486:Parliament
6417:Corruption
6412:Civil Code
6355:Suez Canal
6313:Nile Delta
6198:Alexandria
6168:Population
6163:Parliament
6131:Healthcare
6012:Nasser era
5786:Achaemenid
5761:Chronology
5542:Protestant
5323:Uzbekistan
5298:Tajikistan
5213:Kyrgyzstan
5193:Kazakhstan
5113:Bangladesh
5103:Azerbaijan
5035:See also:
5026:(Tanzania)
5013:Somaliland
5006:St. Helena
4970:(Portugal)
4945:autonomies
4876:Seychelles
4836:Mozambique
4821:Mauritania
4806:Madagascar
4761:The Gambia
4701:Cape Verde
4557:Irreligion
4378:. Al-Ahram
4338:4 December
4061:13 October
3968:2023-06-16
3947:2023-06-16
3922:2023-06-16
3883:2023-06-16
3858:2023-06-16
3832:Al Arabiya
3813:2013-10-28
3782:2013-11-20
3776:Al Arabiya
3757:2023-06-16
3734:2023-06-16
3648:16 October
3589:2012-02-25
3567:30 January
3545:30 January
3524:2020-10-16
3486:Bikya Masr
3288:30 October
3283:Fanack.com
3071:29 January
2969:10 October
2810:GeoJournal
2590:30 January
2559:2006-12-16
2509:2023-06-28
2351:. Al-Ahram
2288:2015-10-06
2171:2 November
2161:Al Arabiya
1679:10 October
1525:References
1362:In a 2011
1168:Alexandria
1128:Yaqub Sanu
899:Echmiadzin
764:Alexandria
752:Protestant
717:Saint Mark
515:Open Doors
508:Alexandria
500:Alexandria
492:Christians
302:Christians
135:Christians
129:In Egypt,
124:Saint Mark
98:next to a
7204:Magazines
7194:Egyptians
7029:Ahmadiyya
6940:Languages
6906:Hospitals
6840:Education
6707:Transport
6666:Aswan Dam
6594:Companies
6535:Terrorism
6501:President
6464:Massacres
6454:Judiciary
6432:Elections
6301:Mountains
6230:Geography
6208:Port Said
6151:1939–1954
6146:1928–1938
6101:Anarchism
6044:Sadat era
5988:Sultanate
5935:Khedivate
5835:Christian
5803:Ptolemaic
5628:Filipinos
5603:Albanians
5598:Armenians
5565:Egyptians
5492:Religions
5409:Hong Kong
5363:Palestine
5288:Sri Lanka
5283:Singapore
5163:Indonesia
4826:Mauritius
4454:Religions
3459:. Reuters
3415:4 October
3393:4 October
3190:Churches.
3122:2 October
2934:7 October
2816:: 63–67.
2694:7 October
2536:(report).
2326:7 October
2316:0458-3035
2262:6 October
1934:8 October
1809:8 October
1195:Ahmadiyya
1116:Old Cairo
1001:heritage.
888:Australia
806:, or the
760:Christian
681:Christian
562:Mu'tazila
170:Christmas
147:ethnicity
7322:Category
7277:Category
7241:Olympics
7177:Football
7009:Hinduism
6977:Religion
6884:Feminism
6872:Families
6835:Diaspora
6798:Censuses
6788:Cannabis
6773:Abortion
6717:Airports
6712:Airlines
6688:Internet
6491:Passport
6469:Military
6442:Missions
6389:Politics
6370:Wildlife
6094:By topic
6007:Republic
5842:Sassanid
5673:Sudanese
5658:Magyarab
5648:Japanese
5643:Italians
5515:Ismailis
5432:Category
5353:Abkhazia
5303:Thailand
5258:Pakistan
5238:Mongolia
5233:Maldives
5228:Malaysia
5128:Cambodia
5024:Zanzibar
4995:(France)
4987:Puntland
4976:(France)
4931:Zimbabwe
4906:Tanzania
4751:Ethiopia
4746:Eswatini
4726:Djibouti
4696:Cameroon
4681:Botswana
4547:Hinduism
4512:Buddhism
4231:19 March
4182:26 April
4160:26 March
4126:13 March
3729:eipr.org
3704:7 August
3642:Archived
3463:28 March
3030:19 March
2928:Archived
2903:BBC News
2859:Archived
2839:Archived
2736:Archived
2716:Archived
2665:Archived
2413:June 19,
1835:19 March
1778:Archived
1704:19 March
1395:See also
1378:and the
1273:Hinduism
1124:Karaites
922:Italians
630:Al-Awkaf
606:Fatimids
569:Twelvers
441:Marriage
337:agnostic
267:Twelvers
227:Al Ahram
159:language
116:Fatimids
7307:Commons
7226:Museums
7170:regions
7138:Cuisine
7123:Castles
7095:Culture
7065:Smoking
7046:Judaism
7034:Mosques
6913:Housing
6860:Schools
6766:General
6755:Society
6695:Tourism
6624:Fishing
6582:Banking
6566:Economy
6291:Islands
6281:Geology
6276:Fossils
6261:Deserts
6256:Climate
6246:Borders
6192:By city
6178:Saladin
6126:Genetic
6106:Capital
5993:Kingdom
5908:Ottoman
5774:Ancient
5749:History
5653:Koreans
5638:Indians
5618:Chinese
5613:Bedouin
5582:Nubians
5570:Sa'idis
5549:Judaism
5328:Vietnam
5243:Myanmar
5223:Lebanon
5153:Georgia
5108:Bahrain
5098:Armenia
4993:Réunion
4982:(Spain)
4980:Melilla
4974:Mayotte
4968:Madeira
4964:(Spain)
4958:(Spain)
4916:Tunisia
4886:Somalia
4871:Senegal
4851:Nigeria
4841:Namibia
4831:Morocco
4796:Liberia
4791:Lesotho
4741:Eritrea
4716:Comoros
4691:Burundi
4666:Algeria
4577:Judaism
4572:Jainism
4405:28 June
4284:28 June
4258:28 June
4082:29 July
3837:10 July
3678:30 June
2606:"Egypt"
2458:3 March
2282:Reuters
2135:Encarta
2130:"Egypt"
2054:"Egypt"
2027:"Egypt"
1954:"Egypt"
1096:Ketubah
1094:Jewish
1080:Judaism
997:are of
926:Maltese
911:Lebanon
903:Armenia
634:Shafi'i
573:Ismaili
488:Muslims
475:led by
426:convert
398:Judaism
343:below.
333:atheist
271:Ismaili
176:History
166:Mubarak
155:culture
139:history
131:Muslims
114:by the
52:(9.26%)
7287:Portal
7128:Cinema
6982:Baháʼí
6896:Health
6644:Mining
6614:Energy
6338:Rivers
6251:Cities
6173:Postal
5954:Modern
5899:Mamluk
5857:Fustat
5847:Muslim
5779:topics
5737:topics
5688:Turkic
5683:Siwis
5663:Malays
5633:Greeks
5373:Taiwan
5308:Turkey
5273:Russia
5208:Kuwait
5188:Jordan
5178:Israel
5138:Cyprus
5123:Brunei
5118:Bhutan
4926:Zambia
4921:Uganda
4861:Rwanda
4811:Malawi
4771:Guinea
4671:Angola
3698:un.org
3520:. 2010
3328:
3221:"Main"
3004:12 May
2404:
2314:
2241:2 June
2232:
1585:
1285:Hindus
1261:Salafi
1222:Baháʼí
1160:Israel
930:French
857:Europe
853:Africa
802:, the
798:, the
794:, the
790:, the
786:, the
782:, the
778:, the
774:, the
736:Coptic
638:Maliki
622:Hanafi
580:orders
461:, and
396:, and
298:Shubra
260:Ahmadi
256:orders
157:, and
100:church
96:mosque
85:Coptic
56:
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7231:Music
7214:Radio
7155:Films
7085:Women
7039:Niqāb
7024:Islam
6808:Crime
6649:Mines
6365:Wadis
6323:Oases
6296:Lakes
6241:Biota
6203:Cairo
6121:Copts
5930:Nahda
5820:Roman
5735:Egypt
5505:Sunni
5500:Islam
5414:Macau
5333:Yemen
5293:Syria
5268:Qatar
5248:Nepal
5183:Japan
5158:India
5148:Egypt
5133:China
4962:Ceuta
4947:, and
4901:Sudan
4846:Niger
4801:Libya
4786:Kenya
4766:Ghana
4756:Gabon
4731:Egypt
4676:Benin
4562:Islam
3877:Salon
3802:Salon
3440:8 May
2948:BBC.
2756:(PDF)
2731:AFP.
2530:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1982:(PDF)
1786:Egypt
1477:Notes
1304:Islam
1158:with
991:Aswan
861:North
768:Cairo
740:Egypt
732:Cairo
707:, an
647:Fatwā
642:Imams
531:Islam
431:Islam
390:Islam
280:, an
73:Islam
69:Egypt
40:Islam
7165:list
7160:Flag
7148:Wine
7143:Beer
6823:Rape
6518:list
6506:list
6343:Nile
6136:Jews
5608:Beja
5510:Shia
5253:Oman
5218:Laos
5173:Iraq
5168:Iran
5008:(UK)
4911:Togo
4816:Mali
4711:Chad
4407:2014
4384:2017
4340:2018
4286:2014
4260:2014
4233:2019
4210:2019
4184:2018
4162:2018
4128:2021
4084:2022
4063:2020
4025:2022
3839:2012
3706:2023
3680:2020
3650:2020
3617:2012
3569:2008
3547:2008
3498:2012
3465:2008
3442:2007
3417:2017
3395:2017
3358:2017
3326:ISBN
3290:2022
3232:2022
3124:2008
3098:2022
3073:2007
3032:2018
3006:2011
2971:2011
2936:2008
2788:(2).
2763:2022
2696:2008
2592:2008
2460:2017
2415:2009
2402:ISBN
2382:2018
2357:2017
2328:2015
2312:ISSN
2264:2015
2243:2014
2230:ISBN
2173:2008
1936:2017
1887:2018
1862:2018
1837:2018
1811:2008
1762:2008
1751:The
1729:2022
1706:2018
1681:2019
1583:ISBN
1563:2015
1193:The
1069:The
1062:The
1055:The
1048:The
1041:The
1034:The
1027:The
1020:The
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577:Sufi
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490:and
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318:Jews
288:(an
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264:Shia
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151:race
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4309:doi
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