284:
457:
297:
1570:
36:
1731:
680:
104:
2566:
2817:
580:
Soon after the fall of France, Free France was but a government in exile based in
England, with no land of its own to speak of and very few land or sea forces. In an attempt to establish his authority on an important French territory, General de Gaulle attempted to rally
453:, her crew showing little inclination to side with the British in their continued fight against the Nazis. Already obsolete at the start of the war, she would remain in Martinique for the next four years, her aircraft rusting in the tropical climate.
389:, which had sought refuge in Portsmouth in June 1940 following the German invasion of France, resisted the British operation. In capturing the submarine, two British officers and one French sailor were killed. Other ships were the two obsolete
283:
456:
296:
445:, en route from the United States loaded with a precious cargo of American fighter and bomber aircraft. Unwilling to return to occupied France, but likewise reluctant to join de Gaulle,
3075:
2961:
2950:
2511:
2805:
2662:
3116:
3780:
1028:
2704:
866:
was transferred to the
Pacific theatre of the war, where in February 1942 it took part in the evacuation of European and Chinese civilians and military personnel from
1423:
Cornic, Jacques (1987). "Sous La Croix de
Lorraine (Under the Cross of Lorraine): The FNFL (Forces Navales Francaises Libres) 1940–1943 (Free French Naval Forces)".
3728:
3673:
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359:
The French fleet was widely dispersed. Some vessels were in port in France; others had escaped from France to
British controlled ports, mainly in Britain itself or
2490:
1558:
499:
Civilian vessels and crew also rallied to de Gaulle, starting with four cargo ships in
Gibraltar - they would be the beginning of the merchant fleet of the FNFL.
3093:
1250:
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1292:
1274:
211:
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1628:
315:
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3736:
2669:
3356:
1687:
1536:
660:
2777:
1832:
3655:
2532:
1822:
340:, or FNFL). On 24 June 1940, de Gaulle made a separate call specifically to servicemen overseas to join him, and two days later the submarine
2740:
2455:
1297:
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155:
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3124:
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1907:
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175:
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1837:
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79:
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force had been sent by Vichy France to reclaim
African territories which had already announced their support to De Gaulle (notably
3560:
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1789:
1014:
440:
399:
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was later stationed along the east coast of
Australia, where in early 1943 it was involved in the rescue of the survivors from
747:
542:
424:
2355:
2261:
3218:
1708:
1703:
1698:
972:
932:. The aqua-lung became a major improvement for commando operations. However, Jacques Cousteau joined the FNFL only after the
738:
639:
633:
408:
237:
3233:
2996:
170:
103:
3721:
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3225:
3005:
2690:
2442:
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1955:
1677:
1658:
1544:
1124:
787:
519:
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460:
Plaque on
Stafford Mansions, the headquarters of the Free French Naval Forces between 1940 and 1945 in Westminster, London
430:
134:
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875:
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1671:
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1891:
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936:. He had spent the entirety of the war in France and developed the aqua-lung in Paris during the German occupation.
414:
301:
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A number of ships were leased from the
British to compensate for the lack of warships in the FNFL, among them, the
3347:
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1827:
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and formed the nucleus of the Free French Naval Forces France's surrender found her only aircraft carrier,
393:
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2098:
435:) and a number of other smaller vessels. 3,600 sailors operating 50 ships around the world joined with the
3532:
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2209:
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2011:
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61:
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548:
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1979:
1134:
679:
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invasion of North Africa in
November 1942, French West Africa also eventually joined the Free French.
344:
entered Malta and pledged its allegiance to the FFL. On 30 June, De Gaulle was joined by Vice-Admiral
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1936:
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ended on a Vichyite victory. However, after the occupation of Vichy France by the Germans after the
3684:
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3574:
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844:
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3627:
3445:
3404:
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3140:
2939:
2718:
2599:
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2047:
2032:
2027:
1995:
1764:
1320:
1202:
1149:
863:
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368:
332:
327:
269:
230:
180:
3147:
3013:
2472:
2199:
165:
17:
944:
The merchant fleet of the FNFL suffered heavy casualties, amounting to one quarter of its men.
3606:
3539:
3209:
3132:
3022:
2816:
2747:
2729:
2573:
2466:
2240:
2235:
2179:
1974:
1931:
1779:
1759:
1749:
1715:
1633:
1482:
1476:
1464:
Martin Thomas, "After Mers-el-Kebir: The Armed Neutrality of the Vichy French Navy, 1940-43,"
1453:
1432:
1321:
The Mediterranean & Middle East, Volume I: The Early Successes against Italy (to May 1941)
1316:
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1197:
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160:
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1799:
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1112:
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708:
273:
185:
139:
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1367:
3496:
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2103:
2042:
1926:
1872:
1374:
1093:
1066:
1061:
1056:
951:
848:
598:
255:
356:. Muselier was the only flag officer of the French Navy to answer the call of De Gaulle.
3101:
2317:
2052:
1966:
1947:
1918:
1883:
1864:
195:
3802:
3759:
3662:
2931:
2301:
1221:
1139:
1088:
957:
871:
624:
615:
489:
223:
3641:
3503:
3466:
3459:
2331:
2256:
1769:
1513:
503:
420:
1351:
608:
When it did, important ships based in Dakar were obtained: the modern battleship
589:
with a British fleet which included a few Free French units; at the same time, a
3613:
3431:
2836:
2827:
2565:
2516:
2449:
1754:
1569:
1038:
978:
925:
808:
733:
353:
115:
3108:
777:
766:
718:
569:
507:
450:
436:
390:
376:
360:
1457:
1436:
961:
948:
921:
804:
493:
405:
380:
349:
1523:
989:
695:
took place. The FNFL took part in both the naval side of the operations,
551:
514:, and a cocarde also featuring the Cross of Lorraine for aircraft of the
372:
307:
1006:
2365:
2145:
1352:"La marine marchande de la France libre – Fondation de la France Libre"
890:
668:
590:
1518:
1469:
667:, became an inspiring symbol when he was arrested, tortured by the
929:
867:
678:
586:
476:, departed from Plymouth. Towards the end of 1940, the destroyers
473:
455:
379:
were simply boarded on the night of 3 July 1940. The then-largest
364:
336:, or FFL), including a naval arm, the "Free French Naval Forces" (
295:
282:
1391:
714:
The ships of the FNFL were deployed off the landing sites :
711:, climbing cliffs under fire to destroy German shore batteries.
594:
2536:
1540:
1519:"HONOR, UNITY, SALVATION" -- FLAGS & ENSIGNS OF FREE FRANCE
1010:
851:. On 14 July, she ferried General Charles de Gaulle to France.
29:
496:. The ship saw action in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
2815:
1729:
102:
1444:
Robinson, Richard (1988). "Re: Sous La Croix de Lorraine".
916:
The FNFL also harboured technical innovators, like Captain
562:
The FNFL suffered their first loss when the patrol boat
833:
provided fire support for the infantry until 10 June.
701:, and the landing itself, with the Naval Commandos (
3672:
3598:
3513:
3403:
3244:
2949:
2826:
2728:
2385:
2342:
2315:
2282:
2223:
2112:
2086:
2020:
2004:
1988:
1964:
1945:
1916:
1900:
1881:
1862:
1851:
1808:
1740:
1614:
492:and spent the rest of the war based there and in
27:Maritime warfare branch of the Free French Forces
644:, and a few destroyers, including cruiser-sized
506:forces, Vice-Admiral Émile Muselier created the
510:flag displaying the French colours with a red
2548:
1552:
1293:List of ships of the Free French Naval Forces
1022:
231:
8:
947:A number of warships were lost, notably the
847:. The next day, she started patrolling the
464:As soon as the summer 1940, the submarines
2555:
2541:
2533:
1859:
1559:
1545:
1537:
1029:
1015:
1007:
572:and sank on 7 November 1940 off Plymouth.
238:
224:
91:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
300:General De Gaulle inspecting sailors on
43:This article includes a list of general
2778:French Committee of National Liberation
1833:French Committee of National Liberation
1309:
203:
147:
121:
94:
1823:French Civil and Military High Command
3094:Organisation de résistance de l'armée
2741:Charles de Gaulle during World War II
1298:List of Escorteurs of the French Navy
7:
2757:Departmental Committee of Liberation
1908:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1524:Free French Naval Forces (1940-1944)
1478:World War II at Sea: An Encyclopedia
799:In addition the obsolete battleship
371:, the ships in the British ports of
338:Les Forces Navales Françaises Libres
960:incident. Other losses include the
2785:National Council of the Resistance
531:Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3737:Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération
3714:MĂ©morial de la France combattante
2792:Provisional Consultative Assembly
1838:Provisional Consultative Assembly
502:To distinguish the FNFL from the
276:. They were commanded by Admiral
3179:Organisation civile et militaire
2564:
1568:
1415:Paul Auphan and Jacques Mordal,
908:for a day, but without success.
261:Forces Navales Françaises Libres
34:
18:Forces navales françaises libres
1417:The French Navy in World War II
1332:Axelrod & Kingston, p. 362.
874:before an anticipated Japanese
811:to serve as a breakwater for a
1:
3722:Museum of National Resistance
3006:French Forces of the Interior
2512:Mediterranean and Middle East
2415:End of World War II in Europe
1678:French Forces of the Interior
1481:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 281–84.
655:Role in the French Resistance
516:Free French Naval Air Service
135:Free French Naval Air Service
1288:List of submarines of France
826:, along with the battleship
268:) were the naval arm of the
3786:Righteous Among the Nations
3234:Union des femmes françaises
2989:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
1672:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
691:In the summer of 1944, the
171:Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu
3830:
3226:Housewives' demonstrations
2063:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
1795:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
1688:French Expeditionary Corps
1475:Spencer C. Tucker (2011).
920:, who invented the modern
683:Free French light cruiser
521:Aéronavale Française Libre
449:instead sought harbour in
3754:
2813:
2771:French National Committee
2580:
2486:
2456:1946 legislative election
1828:French National Committee
1727:
1721:French Forces of the West
1581:
1468:(1997) 112#447 pp 643–70
1466:English Historical Review
1377:on ordredelaliberation.fr
1263:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1047:
585:by personally sailing to
176:Honoré d'Estienne d'Orves
3809:Free French Naval Forces
3649:Marie-Madeleine Fourcade
3582:Liberation of Strasbourg
2997:FTP–Foreign Labour Force
2916:Companions of Liberation
2909:1st Free French Division
2473:Trial of Philippe PĂ©tain
2400:1945 municipal elections
2297:Liberation of Strasbourg
1532:LA MARINE MARCHANDE FNFL
895:Japanese submarine
675:D-Day: Operation Neptune
367:. At the first stage of
333:Forces Françaises Libres
252:Free French Naval Forces
130:Free French Naval Forces
107:Naval Ensign of the FNFL
2190:Liberation of Marseille
862:, under the command of
663:attempted to unite the
287:FNFL recruitment poster
64:more precise citations.
3781:Networks and movements
3745:Free France Foundation
3706:Medal of the Righteous
3589:Provisional Government
3533:French Liberation Army
3439:Empire Defense Council
3418:Brazzaville Conference
3339:Les Lettres Françaises
3294:Les Éditions de Minuit
2872:French Liberation Army
2820:
2764:Empire Defense Council
2430:Provisional Government
2094:Liberation of Saint-LĂ´
2068:Maquis de Saint-Marcel
2048:Liberation of Limousin
2012:Battle of Mont Mouchet
1996:Liberation of Limousin
1892:Syria–Lebanon campaign
1843:Provisional Government
1818:Empire Defense Council
1734:
1683:French Liberation Army
1051:Africa and Middle East
889:, which was sunk by a
688:
461:
311:
288:
259:
191:Hubert Amyot D'Inville
108:
3729:Museums and memorials
3425:Brazzaville manifesto
3066:Ceux de la RĂ©sistance
3057:Ceux de la Libération
2819:
2420:Victory in Europe Day
2099:Battle of Mont Gargan
1956:Liberation of Corsica
1733:
1709:4th Moroccan Mountain
1704:3rd Algerian Infantry
1699:2nd Moroccan Infantry
1506:charles-de-gaulle.org
1446:Warship International
1425:Warship International
1233:Indian Ocean and Asia
956:, possibly sunk in a
928:, who helped perfect
918:Jacques-Yves Cousteau
912:Technical innovations
682:
526:Free French Air Force
459:
299:
286:
106:
3568:Liberation of France
3285:DĂ©fense de la France
3155:Confrérie Notre-Dame
2405:Advance to the Rhine
2210:Battle of Montélimar
2205:Liberation of Guéret
2185:Liberation of Toulon
2058:Liberation of Guéret
1775:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1575:Liberation of France
1341:Hastings, Max, p. 74
934:liberation of France
900:. After the rescue,
693:Invasion of Normandy
687:photographed in 1943
348:, who had come from
3685:Order of Liberation
3635:Charles Delestraint
3575:Liberation of Paris
3384:La Vérité française
3375:Témoignage chrétien
2410:Invasion of Germany
2274:Battle of Meximieux
2269:Battle of Arracourt
2231:Liberation of Nancy
2195:Liberation of Paris
2175:Battle of La Ciotat
2170:Battle of Port Cros
2135:Liberation of Brest
2120:Battle for Brittany
2038:Battle of Cherbourg
845:Courseulles-sur-Mer
792:; and torpedo boat
423:, five submarines (
314:In the wake of the
3814:Free French Forces
3628:Pierre Brossolette
3446:Free French Africa
2940:Free French Africa
2844:Free French Forces
2821:
2478:Klaus Barbie trial
2215:Liberation of Nice
2033:Battle of Carentan
2028:Operation Overlord
1765:Bernard Montgomery
1735:
1373:2014-01-12 at the
904:then searched for
864:Philippe Auboyneau
689:
661:d'Estienne d'Orves
583:French West Africa
472:, as well as four
462:
369:Operation Catapult
328:Free French Forces
312:
289:
270:Free French Forces
181:Philippe Auboyneau
109:
3796:
3795:
3766:French Resistance
3621:Emmanuel d'Astier
3607:Charles de Gaulle
3554:General de Lattre
3526:Kieffer commandos
3348:Libération (nord)
2748:Appeal of 18 June
2574:French Resistance
2530:
2529:
2467:Trente Glorieuses
2443:Épuration sauvage
2381:
2380:
2241:Operation Undergo
2236:Operation Astonia
2180:Provence landings
1980:Battle of Glières
1975:Battle of Vercors
1937:Battle of RĂ©union
1932:Tunisian campaign
1780:Raymond O. Barton
1760:Winston Churchill
1750:Charles de Gaulle
1283:
1282:
1275:Wallis and Futuna
841:coastal artillery
698:Operation Neptune
665:French Resistance
597:). The resulting
512:Cross of Lorraine
324:Charles de Gaulle
320:Appeal of 18 June
248:
247:
212:Ships of the FNFL
156:Charles de Gaulle
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3821:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3701:
3699:Resistance Medal
3694:
3687:
3665:
3658:
3656:Jean-Pierre LĂ©vy
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3474:March battalions
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3357:Libération (sud)
3351:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3237:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3044:
3041:Musée de l'Homme
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2967:
2964:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2743:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2436:Épuration légale
2388:
2350:Atlantic pockets
2326:Atlantic pockets
2292:Battle of Alsace
2246:Atlantic pockets
2140:Atlantic pockets
2078:Battle of Ushant
2073:Maquis de Saffré
1860:
1811:
1800:Philippe Kieffer
1790:Philippe Leclerc
1785:George S. Patton
1743:
1629:Commando Kieffer
1617:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1530:
1512:
1504:
1492:
1461:
1440:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1390:. Archived from
1388:"LA COMBATTANTE"
1384:
1378:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1042:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1008:
971:; the submarine
839:silenced German
813:Mulberry harbour
789:Estienne d'Orves
709:Philippe Kieffer
704:Commandos Marine
274:Second World War
240:
233:
226:
186:Philippe Kieffer
140:Commandos Marine
114:Naval forces of
92:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
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3619:
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3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3561:General Leclerc
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3497:Operation Marie
3495:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3453:French Cameroon
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3642:Henri Frenay
3504:Ubangi-Shari
3467:French Gabon
3460:French Congo
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2395:End of Vichy
1770:Henri Giraud
1670:
1503:(in English)
1477:
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1449:
1445:
1431:(1): 35–43.
1428:
1424:
1416:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1382:
1360:
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1328:
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1244:
1215:
1179:
1169:Saint-Marcel
1150:
1145:Mont Mouchet
1118:
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992:
985:
981:
979:patrol boats
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722:
721:: corvettes
713:
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684:
658:
651:destroyers.
647:Le Fantasque
646:
640:
634:
628:
619:
610:
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549:Flower-class
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341:
337:
331:
326:founded the
313:
310:in June 1942
302:
265:
260:
251:
249:
129:
95:
76:
70:October 2012
67:
48:
3674:Museums and
3614:Jean Moulin
3432:French Chad
3246:Underground
3189:Jade-Amicol
2837:Free France
2828:Free France
2732:and control
2628:Netherlands
2450:Tripartisme
2425:Victory Day
2361:La Rochelle
2252:La Rochelle
1755:Jean Moulin
1716:Second Army
1690:Divisions:
1659:1st Armored
1601:Netherlands
1529:(in French)
1511:(in French)
1368:Paul Vibert
1365:(in French)
1039:Free French
926:Yves Rocard
886:Iron Knight
855:Pacific War
809:Arromanches
786:; corvette
769:: corvette
746:; frigates
736:: cruisers
734:Omaha Beach
488:sailed for
391:battleships
354:flying boat
272:during the
116:Free France
62:introducing
3803:Categories
3692:Companions
3515:Liberation
3366:RĂ©sistance
3330:L'Humanité
3258:Bir-Hakeim
3141:Mithridate
3117:CdL Cinéma
3109:Comet Line
2953:operations
2893:Bir Hakeim
2719:Yugoslavia
2677:Luxembourg
2285:March 1945
2283:Nov 1944 -
2130:Saint-Malo
1989:March 1944
1634:First Army
1596:Luxembourg
1452:(2): 116.
1398:2007-03-12
1304:References
1210:Strasbourg
1191:Marseilles
1084:Bir Hakeim
988:, and the
962:destroyers
902:Triomphant
880:Triomphant
860:Triomphant
783:DĂ©couverte
780:: frigate
778:Juno Beach
767:Gold Beach
719:Utah Beach
541:destroyer
539:Hunt-class
524:) and the
484:followed.
451:Martinique
437:Royal Navy
406:destroyers
377:Portsmouth
361:Alexandria
122:Components
45:references
3676:Memorials
3517:of France
2963:Movements
2851:Air Force
2684:Macedonia
2670:Lithuania
2387:Aftermath
2224:Sept 1944
2087:July 1944
1458:0043-0374
1437:0043-0374
1251:Indochina
1041:campaigns
990:corvettes
949:submarine
922:aqua-lung
828:USS
728:Renoncule
611:Richelieu
494:Australia
381:submarine
350:Gibraltar
316:Armistice
3540:1st Army
3303:L'Espoir
3267:Bulletin
3148:Morhange
3086:Alliance
3077:Networks
2951:Domestic
2730:Creation
2712:Slovakia
2607:Bulgaria
2497:Atlantic
2343:May 1945
2165:Égletons
2113:Aug 1944
2021:Jun 1944
2005:May 1944
1901:Dec 1941
1855:campaign
1470:in JSTOR
1371:Archived
1317:Playfair
1216:Nordwind
1203:Dompaire
1198:Lorraine
1151:Overlord
1073:Exporter
1003:See also
884:SS
876:invasion
830:Arkansas
824:Montcalm
805:scuttled
772:Surprise
755:Aventure
744:Montcalm
685:Montcalm
659:Captain
635:Montcalm
552:corvette
547:and the
419:, eight
373:Plymouth
318:and the
308:Greenock
3776:Members
3599:Leaders
3210:Vercors
3163:Others:
2919:
2880:Battles
2705:Romania
2642:Germany
2635:Estonia
2621:Denmark
2600:Belgium
2593:Austria
2586:Albania
2517:Pacific
2366:Lorient
2356:Dunkirk
2262:Dunkirk
2146:Lorient
1742:Leaders
1586:Belgium
1269:Oceania
1245:Crimson
1239:RĂ©union
1180:Dragoon
1174:Vercors
1135:Glières
1125:Corsica
1101:Tunisia
986:Vikings
982:Poulmic
965:LĂ©opard
953:Surcouf
891:torpedo
801:Courbet
761:Roselys
669:Gestapo
620:Suffren
591:cruiser
565:Poulmic
504:Vichist
482:LĂ©opard
466:Minerve
426:Minerve
416:LĂ©opard
401:Courbet
386:Surcouf
303:LĂ©opard
292:History
58:improve
3760:Portal
3547:2nd DB
3488:Second
3409:Africa
3407:French
3276:Combat
3203:Maquis
3102:Brutus
2972:Combat
2900:Gazala
2886:Koufra
2698:Poland
2691:Norway
2663:Latvia
2649:Greece
2307:Bitche
2160:Lioran
2125:Rennes
1853:French
1616:Forces
1606:Norway
1485:
1456:
1435:
1419:(1976)
1323:p. 137
1186:Toulon
1107:Europe
997:Alysse
993:Mimosa
977:; the
974:Narval
940:Losses
924:, and
723:Aconit
649:-class
629:Gloire
614:, the
603:Allied
576:Africa
568:hit a
556:Aconit
474:avisos
404:, the
342:Narval
256:French
148:People
47:, but
3771:Films
3481:First
3248:media
3219:Women
2656:Italy
2614:Czech
2332:Royan
2257:Royan
1946:Sept
1591:Italy
1157:Paris
1119:Husky
1095:Torch
1079:Kufra
1067:Keren
1062:Gabon
1057:Dakar
930:radar
868:Nauru
587:Dakar
470:Junon
447:BĂ©arn
442:BĂ©arn
432:Junon
395:Paris
365:Egypt
264:, or
204:Ships
3405:Free
2923:List
2865:Navy
2806:DGER
2799:BCRA
2318:1945
2316:Apr
1967:1944
1965:Jan
1948:1943
1919:1942
1917:Nov
1884:1941
1882:Jun
1865:1940
1863:Nov
1514:FNFL
1483:ISBN
1454:ISSN
1433:ISSN
1429:XXIV
1227:Alps
1164:Elba
995:and
984:and
967:and
906:I-21
897:I-21
870:and
822:and
807:off
803:was
752:and
742:and
725:and
595:Chad
570:mine
480:and
468:and
413:and
398:and
375:and
266:FNFL
250:The
96:FNFL
3133:Fer
3125:CLD
1654:5th
1649:4th
1450:XXV
1140:Ist
843:of
534:).
508:bow
363:in
352:by
306:at
3805::
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68:(
54:.
20:)
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