382:
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198:, Schmidt proposed a "flying bomb" to be powered by his pulse jet to the Ministry and received a development contract the following year. In 1938 he demonstrated a pulse jet–powered pilotless bomber, but the project was shelved by the Air Ministry as the prototype lacked range and accuracy and was expensive to construct. That same year, however, the Argus Company began work on a flying bomb using Schmidt's engine. Schmidt later joined Argus in 1940.
207:
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40:
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and ignited, and the resulting expansion of gases forced the shutters closed. As the pressure in the engine dropped following combustion, the shutters reopened and the cycle was repeated, roughly 45 to 55 times per second. The electrical ignition system was needed only to start the engine - a V-1 carried no coils or magnetos to power the spark plug once launched.
226:
Once the engine had been started and the temperature rose to the minimum operating level, the external air hose and connectors were removed and the resonant design of the tailpipe kept the pulse jet firing. Each cycle or pulse of the engine began with the shutters open; fuel was injected behind them
214:
A model of simplicity and low cost, the engine was made from a sheet of mild steel rolled into a tube. At the front of the engine there was a spring flap-valve grid (shutters), a fuel inlet valve and an igniter. It could run on any grade of petroleum fuel and its shutter system was not expected to
218:
Ignition was initiated by an automotive-type spark plug located about 0.75 m (2 ft 6 in) behind the shutter system, electricity to the plug being supplied from a portable starting unit. Three air nozzles in the front of the pulse jet were connected to an external high pressure air
234:) — was produced, but it was inefficient, limiting the range of the V-1 to 240–400 km (150–250 mi) The resonant frequency of this combustion process was around 45 Hz, giving the V-1 its nicknames "buzz bomb" or "doodlebug", because of the sputtering sound it emitted.
261:
in April 1941 and the first prototype V-1 flew on
December 24 of 1942. The As 014, as well as the higher thrust As 044 pulsejet engine, was also under consideration as a power source for various last-ditch German fighters in the closing days of World War II. Production totaled 31,100 units.
215:
last longer than one flight, as it had an operational life of approximately one hour. The engine was a resonant jet which, contrary to popular legend, could operate while the V-1 was stationary on its launch ramp after reaching minimum operating temperature.
618:
Powered by an Argus
Motoren Werke GmbH As 014 pulse jet engine which produced a maximum thrust of 3,530 newtons (794 pounds of thrust) at 750 kilometers per hour (460 miles per hour) at sea level.
194:
began work on a new design of pulse jet engine. Schmidt received a patent on his design in 1931 and received support from the German Air
Ministry in 1933. In 1934, along with Professor
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888:
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was used for starting, and very often a panel of wood or similar was held across the end of the tailpipe to prevent the fuel from diffusing and escaping before ignition was complete.
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1958:
151:, and the first model of pulsejet engine placed in mass production. License manufacture of the As 014 was carried out in Japan in the latter stages of
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Since the engine was rather simple, low-grade gasoline could be used and a good amount of thrust — 2.7 kN (660 lb
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features a sectioned As 014 engine. Other museums displaying V-1s complete with their engines include the
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After the Second World War the As 014 was reverse-engineered / copied for use by the United States as the
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None, compression was achieved acoustically with additional ram pressure on top of it when in flight.
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350:, constructed a reproduction of an As 014. The engine was demonstrated at the 2010 show.
373:. The Military Aviation Museum also features a fully functional As 014 on a test stand.
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537:"The LEMB Stammkennzeichen Database Project — Civilian D-xxxx Letter Codes"
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The origins of the Argus As 014 lie in 1928, when Munich inventor
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525:. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office. pp. 41–62.
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Video of modern German test of an Argus As 014 on test stand
463:) at 750 km/h (470 mph; 400 kn) at sea level.
166:
The United States reverse-engineered the design for the
572:"Hitler's Vengeance Weapon featuring The V-1 Buzz Bomb"
638:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.
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The prototype engine was tested while slung below a
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1206:
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1198:ramjet, pulsejet, and scramjet aircraft engine
389:production line with As 014 pulsejets installed
210:Diagram showing operation of a valved pulsejet
1398:
1180:
869:
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8:
219:source which was used to start the engine.
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246:Sectioned AS 014 engine on display at the
649:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
504:
1959:Peenemünde Historical Technical Museum
29:
651:. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1989.
27:1940s German pulsejet aircraft engine
7:
174:cruise missile and the experimental
523:The Evolution of the Cruise Missile
636:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
257:Luftwaffe training biplane marked
25:
1631:Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)
353:The V-1 flying bomb held by the
38:
1820:Upper Atmosphere Research Panel
1772:WWII guided missiles of Germany
602:Swopes, Bryan R. (2019-06-13).
289:(also a Fieseler Fi 103 copy).
1830:White Sands V-2 Launching Site
889:jet/rocket engine designations
363:Royal Air Force Museum Cosford
1:
1852:Operations Sandy and Pushover
367:Royal Air Force Museum London
53:Royal Air Force Museum London
1471:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
322:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
98:Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg
410:3,350 mm (132 in)
359:Imperial War Museum Duxford
2006:
1476:LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
143:engine used on the German
1424:
580:Planes of Fame Air Museum
521:Werrell, Kenneth (1985).
459:3.53 kN (794 lb
421:170 kg (375 lb)
344:Planes of Fame Air Museum
305:"manned V-1" at Neu Tramm
46:
37:
32:
1587:Construction and bunkers
483:List of aircraft engines
371:Military Aviation Museum
182:television-guided bomb.
1716:Operation Crossbow Site
1651:Fortress of Mimoyecques
394:General characteristics
377:Specifications (As 014)
1990:Argus aircraft engines
1196:United States military
541:luftwaffe-experten.org
468:Thrust-to-weight ratio
390:
311:Blohm & Voss P 213
306:
250:
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1786:Post-WWII development
1709:Bombing of Peenemünde
1636:La Coupole (Wizernes)
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355:London Science Museum
300:
248:London Science Museum
245:
209:
1616:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
1539:Army Research Center
608:This day in aviation
385:V-1 missiles on the
332:Messerschmitt Me 328
47:Argus As 014 of the
1835:V-2 sounding rocket
1825:Operation Paperclip
1721:Operation Aphrodite
1481:Peenemünde Airfield
561:Gunston 1989, p.17.
511:Gunston 1989, p.17.
488:Kawanishi Maru Ka10
238:Operational history
157:Kawanishi Maru Ka10
120:Kawanishi Maru Ka10
1942:Operation Crossbow
1883:Operation Backfire
1800:Republic-Ford JB-2
1731:Operation Teardrop
1699:Operation Crossbow
1687:Operation Most III
1556:The Bäckebo rocket
1200:designation system
885:Reich Air Ministry
493:Republic-Ford JB-2
391:
338:Engines on display
307:
277:copy), and by the
271:Republic-Ford JB-2
251:
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172:Republic-Ford JB-2
88:Major applications
51:on display at the
1972:
1971:
1935:Ministry of Space
1928:Gravity's Rainbow
1914:Battle of the V-1
1901:
1900:
1529:Walter Dornberger
1524:Wernher von Braun
1380:
1379:
1162:
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851:
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348:Chino, California
318:(V-1 flying bomb)
125:
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16:(Redirected from
1997:
1985:Pulsejet engines
1964:Monkeys in space
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1726:Operation Diver
1704:Operation Hydra
1663:countermeasures
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1670:Intelligence
1519:Meillerwagen
1461:Argus As 014
1460:
1442:
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950:
898:Gas turbines
891:(109 series)
837:
648:
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628:Bibliography
617:
611:. Retrieved
607:
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585:. Retrieved
578:
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547:November 16,
545:. Retrieved
540:
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293:Applications
283:Chelomey D-3
282:
279:Soviet Union
266:
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255:Gotha Go 145
252:
229:
225:
217:
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192:Paul Schmidt
189:
167:
165:
153:World War II
149:World War II
132:
131:(designated
129:Argus As 014
128:
126:
105:Number built
1767:Wunderwaffe
1694:Réseau AGIR
587:January 10,
447:Performance
432:Compressor:
419:Dry weight:
186:Development
178:-developed
1979:Categories
1906:In fiction
1840:V-2 No. 13
1757:Wasserfall
1594:Mittelwerk
1534:Peenemünde
1502:Facilities
1466:Facilities
1444:V-3 cannon
1437:V-2 rocket
750:140/150 hp
745:120/130 hp
613:2019-08-08
583:. May 2010
499:References
438:Fuel type:
426:Components
79:First run
1777:Rheinbote
1626:Siracourt
1611:Sottevast
1418:V-weapons
1364:Scramjets
1301:Pulsejets
830:Pulse jet
414:Diameter:
403:pulse jet
267:Ford PJ31
221:Acetylene
168:Ford PJ31
155:, as the
18:Ford PJ31
1646:Raxwerke
1641:Lehesten
1621:Brécourt
1561:MW 18014
477:See also
453:Maximum
441:Gasoline
369:and the
159:for the
141:pulsejet
139:) was a
63:Pulsejet
1952:Related
1606:Nucourt
1208:Ramjets
887:(RLM)
408:Length:
303:Fi 103R
285:on the
281:as the
269:on the
135:by the
133:109-014
109:31,100
33:As 014
1661:Allied
1507:Blizna
1414:German
843:As 044
838:As 014
820:As 413
815:As 412
810:As 411
805:As 410
800:As 402
795:As 401
765:As III
740:115 hp
735:110 hp
655:
642:
543:. LEMB
455:thrust
365:, the
259:D-IIWS
202:Design
95:(V-1)
1861:Other
1416:WWII
790:As 17
785:As 16
780:As 10
760:As II
730:70 hp
725:50 hp
706:Argus
575:(PDF)
400:Type:
176:USAAF
82:1941
59:Type
1878:DF-1
1372:SJ61
1354:PJ49
1349:PJ46
1344:PJ42
1339:PJ40
1334:PJ39
1329:PJ37
1324:PJ35
1319:PJ33
1314:PJ32
1309:PJ31
1291:RJ59
1286:RJ57
1281:RJ55
1276:RJ51
1271:RJ49
1266:RJ47
1261:RJ45
1256:RJ43
1251:RJ41
1246:RJ40
1241:RJ39
1236:RJ37
1231:RJ35
1226:RJ34
1221:RJ31
1216:RJ30
775:As 8
770:As 5
755:As I
653:ISBN
640:ISBN
589:2015
549:2013
472:2.12
342:The
287:10Kh
180:JB-4
127:The
1873:R-2
1868:R-1
1793:USA
1495:V-2
1454:V-1
1154:739
1149:729
1144:719
1139:718
1134:708
1129:613
1124:603
1119:593
1114:573
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911:002
906:001
346:in
301:An
147:of
137:RLM
1981::
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273:(
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20:)
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