534:
686:
191:
954:
38:
940:
706:
698:
1198:
4051:
1037:
3768:
1063:. Sometimes the public is banned from entering forests in summer, to try to prevent fires. The 2021 mega fires are estimated to have emitted 10 million tonnes of CO2 from 135 million hectares burnt, but over years (at least up to the mid-2020s) the area of forest gain tends to be more than that burnt. The
353:
a Forest
Charter was issued in 1840 and the Forestry Directorate established, but according to one study it was too top-down and lacked public engagement. After the formation of the republic in the 1920s forestry and wood production were increased. Forests were nationalised in 1938 and the first
977:
were sold in 2023. As of 2023, wood production is the main income from forests. 25 million m of wood was harvested in 2022, including 9 million m of timber, 9 million m of fibre-chip wood, 5 million m of paper wood and 1 million m of industry wood. Most wood is used to make board.
1587:
676:
National forests include: Amasya, Izmir
National Forest, Kastamonu National Forest, Kayseri National Forest, Mersin National Forest, Kocaeli National Forest, Batman National Forest. Forest, Manisa National Forest and Siirt National Forest.
3066:
1841:
2525:
2033:
3410:
1211:
Regulations say that all forestry work must be done by the nearest “forest villagers”. However younger people are moving to towns and cities and new equipment is expensive for the villagers. 1.2 billion
923:
As of the early 2020s, there is no regulation encouraging more use of wood in buildings (and no standard LCA) instead of concrete and steel, which are carbon-intensive, as well as no plans to reduce
584:
277:
was cut down in the last two thousand years, especially in the last five hundred. Sometimes armies in war burnt forests to expose their enemies, ships were built, and forests cleared for
2070:
1900:
580:
457:
state land. Reforestation by the private sector varies around five thousand hectares a year. A 2020 study suggested that incentives for private afforestation should be increased.
1611:
386:
ages.” Degraded ancient woodlands are sometimes very scattered. According to a 2018 study by
Turkish and British academics both local support and national policy are needed to
178:
by fragmentation. As of 2024 almost half of forest was heavily degraded. The
Turkish National Forestry Program (2024-2043) is being prepared. In 2024 preparations for a new
3262:
1319:
985:
70% of timber is used in construction, 20% is used in furniture and 10% is used in packaging and other industries. Timber consumption per person is about 0.08 m3.
4026:
3654:
1909:
1326:
1153:
1068:
592:
430:
2719:
Mercan, Muhammed Cihat; Koşma, Elvan Burcu; Karakaş, Yusuf; Akyüz, Serra Melek; Gül, Fuat Berke; Görüryilmaz, Mehmet Turan; Ünal, Berat Berkan (2024-05-03).
414:
Forests cover 23 million (almost 30%) of Turkey's 78 million hectares, but 3 million hectares have less than 10% crown cover. and almost 10 million ha were
3840:
468:. Decreases in precipitation especially include snow. TÜSİAD says that the mega forest fires that took place in 2021 and the shrinkage and even drying of
3179:
2274:"Using Meteorological Early Warning System (MEUS) and Meteorological Indices for Assessment of Manavgat Forest Fires Occurred in Turkiye July-August 2021"
3697:
2037:
461:
3129:
3732:
862:. The value of both exports and imports of wood products increased from 2020 to 2022, but the value of exports is more than twice that of imports.
4031:
2095:
1586:
Kırca, Simay; Çolak, Alper H.; Rotherham, Ian D. (2018). "The ancient woodland concept as a practical conservation tool: the
Turkish experience".
670:
3411:"A major tool for afforestation of semi-arid and anthropogenic steppe areas in Turkey: Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe"
4006:
885:
and landslides and reduce the impacts of floods." In the mid-2020s the bank is supporting a project to make the forests more resilient against
235:
170:) are not classified as forests. A 2024 study said that deforestation caused by other uses of forest land (such as mining) is not reflected in
1465:
1141:
was originally forested was not certain, but in some lower regions, it is thought that it has always been steppe and too dry for trees due to
90:
over ten thousand years ago woods grew to cover most of the land which is now Turkey, but over thousands of years people cut down many trees.
3513:
3080:
2416:
2105:
1675:
1514:
Marston, John M.; Çakırlar, Canan; Luke, Christina; Kováčik, Peter; Slim, Francesca G.; Shin, Nami; Roosevelt, Christopher H. (2022-11-02).
576:
600:
382:), as “A primary or natural/near natural forest area containing tree species, whose existence can be traced back from hundreds of years to
4011:
3991:
2293:"Mobil LiDAR ile Orman Envanterlerinde Farklı Örnekleme Tasarımlarının Veri Hassasiyeti ve İş Verimliliğine Etkisi: Rize Şenyuva Örneği"
1161:
596:
2182:
106:. By the mid-2020s the main income was from wood, and forests were also important for recreation. But almost half the forest was badly
3702:
3692:
874:
717:
Most forests are natural and semi-natural, with some being on mountains and having a lot of biodiversity. hosting most species of the
442:
3392:
3647:
1145:
of mountains. A 2006 study suggested that 50 million ha (64%) of land was potential forest. For steppe, it has been suggested that
147:
2569:
3675:
909:
1122:) may be possible, if local needs are properly considered. As some reforestation attempts have suffered due to a lack of water,
3996:
4061:
3928:
2848:
1031:
917:
2766:
1704:
1489:
424:
3102:
1149:
should be stopped, but that full recovery to woodland should be prevented so as to have both steppe and woodland wildlife.
3802:
1391:
1157:
171:
167:
2124:
4055:
4036:
3950:
3640:
3503:
734:
639:
616:
3875:
3724:
3687:
3072:
2036:[Forest Ecosystems and Sink Area Management in Combating the Climate Crisis in Turkey] (Report) (in Turkish).
685:
588:
403:
480:; it is predicted that this will negatively affect forests. In a climate that becomes more arid, efforts to increase
419:
42:
533:
190:
4116:
4066:
3888:
2151:"Comparative analysis of forestry systems in the United States and Turkey: Practices, technologies, and challenges"
1168:
859:
512:
3812:
2689:
2207:
2186:
992:
504:
477:
548:
Forests are mainly on the mountain ranges parallel to the
Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. 4% of forests are
3467:
3153:
2545:
953:
886:
651:
211:
143:
103:
87:
2445:
1088:
3986:
3970:
3680:
3605:
2986:
877:
in 2021, which are less than previous years due to both forest fires and a lot of wood being harvested. The
227:
3820:
3107:
2332:
Karataş, A.; Bulut, Ş. & Akbaba, B. (2021). "Camera trap records confirm the survival of the
Leopard (
1925:
1883:
1179:
ground can hinder forest growth. Although companies donate some saplings memorial forests are not usually
1111:
913:
612:
446:
292:
239:
3958:
3855:
3782:
3475:
2228:
1729:
814:
738:
604:
303:
278:
163:
37:
31:
2862:
1408:"A different dimension in deforestation and forest degradation: Non-forestry uses of forests in Turkey"
1071:
said that from 2012 to 2022, too many licenses were being granted for non-forest uses, such as mining;
150:
definition: forests must cover 1 ha or more and be at least 5m high. There are forest–subcategories of
3378:"A Review of the Forest Vegetation of Turkey: its Status Past and Present and its Future Conservation"
2071:"Strategic plan for climate change adaptation of forestry in Turkey: 9 adaptation strategies proposed"
1980:
1407:
162:
between 1 and 10 percent. Productive forests are defined as having a crown closure of over 10%. Trees
4021:
4001:
3963:
3933:
3850:
3830:
3742:
3299:
2793:
2732:
2720:
2646:
2587:
2475:
1992:
1937:
1527:
1515:
1419:
996:
608:
565:
489:
207:
60:
3442:
3205:"Assessing fire severity in Turkey's forest ecosystems using spectral indices from satellite images"
939:
3908:
3883:
2880:
1237:
1056:
870:
647:
115:
1683:
989:
for landowners have been suggested, especially for land at the agriculture/forest boundary: × .
705:
266:
3923:
3918:
3903:
3893:
3865:
3825:
3797:
3787:
3757:
3325:
2670:
2615:
2507:
2353:
1961:
1654:
1605:
1019:
391:
383:
175:
95:
3393:
Assessment of
Current Condition of Steppes in Central Anatolia for Conservation Purposes/ Turkey
3562:
865:
Forests are the country's main carbon sink, especially in western Turkey where most are living
3938:
3913:
3898:
3860:
3845:
3835:
3792:
3752:
3747:
3613:
3509:
3344:
3317:
3288:"Afforesting arid land with renewable electricity and desalination to mitigate climate change"
3226:
3076:
3031:
2913:
2827:
2809:
2748:
2662:
2635:"Pre-schoolers in nature: A five-week play & learning experience within a Turkish context"
2607:
2499:
2491:
2464:"Spatiotemporal changes of carbon storage in forest carbon pools of Western Turkey: 1972–2016"
2412:
2314:
2101:
2008:
1953:
1779:
1646:
1543:
1435:
1220:
1119:
1060:
901:
866:
772:
730:
655:
620:
493:
387:
367:
315:
274:
111:
3466:
Sefercik, Recep; Öztürk, Ünsal; Baykara, Oğuzhan; Yıldız, Tanıl; Tümer, Dilek Şevval (2020).
2292:
269:. Human impact on forests on the land which is now Turkey is thought to be minimal until the
3737:
3542:
3422:
3359:
3307:
3216:
3023:
2944:
2903:
2895:
2817:
2801:
2740:
2701:
2654:
2599:
2483:
2388:
2345:
2304:
2273:
2162:
2150:
2000:
1945:
1865:
1823:
1769:
1721:
1638:
1593:
1535:
1427:
1242:
1192:
1180:
1115:
947:
797:
791:
726:
665:. The EVANIS database uses the national legal definition of forest and is very accurate for
627:
561:
557:
541:
537:
445:. The GDF has 28 Regional Directorates of Forestry and 12 Forestry Research Institutes. The
379:
265:
increased sharply by 4000 BC, where wood was used for fuel and construction, for example in
243:
179:
123:
119:
64:
4097:
Global Forest
Resources Assessment 2020 country report at Food and Agriculture Organization
298:
was formerly widespread, but is now restricted to
Southwest Anatolia. From sources such as
3707:
3488:
3244:
1742:
1341:
1106:
1080:
966:
962:
722:
718:
661:
Large areas of forest can be inventoried by satellite to hectare scale,and small areas by
415:
107:
3011:
2408:
1796:
690:
3303:
2908:
2797:
2736:
2650:
2479:
2256:"Climate change and forest fire trend in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey"
1996:
1941:
1531:
1423:
873:. Forests are estimated to have absorbed 34 million tonnes of the 600 million tonnes of
476:. The severity of drought and the size of the area it penetrates will increase with the
2822:
1627:"Deforestation in Sixteenth Century Anatolia: The Case of Hüdavendi̇gar (Bursa) Sancak"
1466:"Overview of the forestry sector in Türkiye - Nieuwsbericht - Agroberichten Buitenland"
1224:
1076:
1072:
893:
841:
837:
764:
710:
631:
516:
508:
450:
339:
219:
1257:
1197:
1097:
sometimes leave the forest and enter urban areas - there is a fine for shooting them.
697:
4110:
3377:
3329:
3050:
2932:
2674:
2619:
2511:
2357:
2255:
2052:
2004:
1965:
1949:
1722:"Tanzimat'ın başarısız girişimi: ilk Orman Müdürlüğünün kuruluşu ve kapatılma süreci"
1658:
1431:
635:
485:
473:
454:
434:
395:
355:
262:
159:
91:
1036:
3712:
3610:
European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
3068:
Forest Fires Causes, Effects, Monitoring, Precautions and Rehabilitation Activities
2097:
Seventh Mediterranean Forest Week - Proceedings: Antalya, Türkiye, 21–25 March 2022
1123:
1048:
1012:
1008:
943:
928:
882:
752:
742:
666:
331:
299:
223:
135:
56:
3363:
2744:
2603:
2349:
1539:
1164:, established in 1924, is on of the country’s oldest civil society organisations.
969:. 29 million m of standing trees, 23 million m industrial wood, and five million
3563:"TEMA, Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı"
3547:
3530:
3443:"TEMA, Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı"
3180:"TEMA, Türkiye Erozyonla Mücadele, Ağaçlandırma ve Doğal Varlıkları Koruma Vakfı"
3154:"Development Projects : Türkiye Climate Resilient Forests Project - P179345"
2546:"Development Projects : Türkiye Climate Resilient Forests Project - P179345"
3345:"General Characteristics and Distribution of Forest Relicts in Central Anatolia"
2034:
Türkiye'de İklim Krizi ile Mücadelede Orman Ekosistemleri ve Yutak Alan Yönetimi
1812:
1246:
1146:
1142:
823:
759:
553:
497:
481:
465:
438:
286:
99:
17:
3767:
3312:
3287:
3221:
3204:
2962:
2881:"Fatal Land Hunting-Releated Injuries in the Eastern Black Sea Region - Turkey"
2805:
2705:
2658:
2487:
1642:
1589:
Ancient Woodlands and Trees: A Guide For Landscape Planners And Forest Managers
3158:
2899:
2530:
1228:
1205:
1094:
1084:
1064:
905:
878:
807:
343:
270:
247:
199:
4096:
4091:
3617:
3321:
3230:
3035:
2813:
2781:
2752:
2666:
2634:
2611:
2495:
2463:
2318:
2012:
1957:
1783:
1758:"Atatürk dönemi̇nde Türki̇ye'de Orman ve Ormancilik Poli̇ti̇kasi (1920-1938)"
1650:
1547:
1439:
3130:"Türkiye's forest cover increased 7 times more than area burned in 12 years"
2767:"Household energy poverty: The concept, issues and implications for Turkiye"
2309:
2167:
1626:
1342:"What is a Forest? Definitions do make a difference. An example from Turkey"
1216:(49,000,000 USD) support was provided to eleven thousand families in 2023.
1201:
1131:
1127:
961:
About half of forest is directly part of the economy, with most of the rest
881:
says, "Increasing forest cover and improving forest health can help prevent
572:
549:
449:
prohibits existing forests being transferred from state ownership; however,
335:
155:
3427:
2917:
2831:
2782:"Effects of indoor air pollution on household health: evidence from Turkey"
2503:
1827:
1597:
399:
1774:
4016:
3663:
2948:
2690:"Striving for sustainability: Climate-Smart Forestry measures in Türkiye"
2393:
2372:
1757:
1232:
1040:
1022:(over 20%) and that to which the most was exported was Iraq (about 10%).
974:
924:
897:
849:
745:, belong to about 800 woody taxa. As of 2020 the predominant species are
643:
528:
350:
327:
319:
273:
at around 3500 BC, which included wood transport from remote areas. Much
255:
231:
3055:. Turkey 6th Plant Protection Congress with International Participation.
3027:
3012:"Pest species of Coccoidea (Hemiptera; Coccomorpha) in forest of Turkey"
1018:
In 2022 the country from which the most wood products were imported was
4092:
Global Forest Resources Assessment at Food and Agriculture Organization
2094:
Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United (2023-07-27).
1253:
1004:
986:
780:
733:. Deciduous forests are along the Black Sea region. Species in various
669:, but not as good at estimating how much carbon dioxide is absorbed by
469:
311:
306:
used wood as a fuel in houses, bakeries, bathhouses and for metalwork.
282:
151:
139:
48:
3632:
1386:
Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 - 2021 [TurkStat report]
1384:
1176:
1172:
1138:
307:
251:
52:
3587:
3505:
Certifying Turkish Forests: A Path to Sustainable Forestry Practices
2183:"Integrating maquis vegetation to forest management plans in Turkey"
1516:"Agropastoral Economies and Land Use in Bronze Age Western Anatolia"
1250:
4086:
3502:
Durusoy, İdris; Sakıcı, Oytun Emre; Özcan, Gonca Ece (2023-11-30).
1903:[General Directorate of Forestry 2024-2028 Strategic Plan]
2291:
Vatandaşlar, Can; Zeybek, Mustafa; Borucu, Süleyman (2022-08-15).
1464:
Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit (2024-03-07).
1196:
1035:
1000:
979:
970:
952:
938:
832:
704:
696:
684:
662:
532:
418:
as of 2020. Almost all forests are state owned and managed by the
375:
371:
195:
189:
80:
36:
511:. TÜSİAD recommends that afforestation should be better planned;
2721:"Overall approach to building LCA and recent studies in Türkiye"
1213:
68:
3636:
378:
in the country. Old-growth-forests are defined (differently to
3203:
Güney, Coşkun Okan; Mert, Ahmet; Gülsoy, Serkan (2023-12-01).
2586:
Ahi, Berat; Kaya, Gökhan; Kahriman-Pamuk, Deniz (2023-04-04).
2371:
Sarı, A.; Gündoğdu, E.; Başkaya, Ş. & Arpacık, A. (2020).
1981:"Legal framework of private afforestation: The case of Turkey"
1926:"Legal framework of private afforestation: The case of Turkey"
1015:
and hunting some other species, is regulated by the ministry.
785:
746:
630:
is forested, while other regions with over 10% forest include
323:
215:
76:
72:
3606:"Turkic Folklore against the background of the World Picture"
1406:
Atmiş, Erdoğan; Yıldız, Damla; Erdönmez, Cihan (2024-04-01).
1152:
Anatolian black pine is commonly used for reforestation. The
560:, mostly in the south and west. High rainfall in the eastern
4101:
4081:
658:
in 2008, 2020 and 2021, more forests burned in those years.
619:
13 ecozones with woodland. Almost all the forests are in a
464:(TÜSİAD) predicts a 90% reduction in habitats suitable for
2633:
Sevimli-Celik, Serap; Canaslan-Akyar, Begum (2024-03-01).
1705:"Anatolian Sweet Gum Tree (Liquidambar Orientalis Miller)"
585:
Mediterranean coastal zone deciduous and coniferous forest
3247:[Northern Forests Threat and Destruction Report]
2933:"Dış Politika Analizinde Neoklasik Realizm Metodolojisi"
2208:"Maybe not the Turkey you imagine – State of the Planet"
1872:. pp. 1.1 Orman alanı, serveti ve cari artım, 2023.
3409:
Ayan, Sezgin; Yücedag, Cengiz; Simovski, Bojan (2021).
2125:"Türkiye'de Ormanların Coğrafi Bölgelere Göre Dağılımı"
1625:
Gümüşçü, Osman; Uğur, Abdullah; Aygören, Tülay (2014).
858:
Eight million hectares of forests are certified by the
575:
are officially defined, all of which contain woodland:
4102:
Orman Mühendisleri Odası (Chamber of Forest Engineers)
2588:"Forest schools as a family choice: a narrative study"
2377:
Valenciennes, 1856) in North-eastern Anatolia, Turkey"
1797:
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/8906
581:
North Anatolian deciduous, coniferous and mixed forest
1813:"General over-view of forest establishment in Turkey"
472:
in Central Anatolia are the most obvious examples of
2446:"Türkiye Forest Products Annual Market Review- 2023"
1171:. It takes twenty years to convert to forest. Salt,
1067:
is helping to increase resilience to wildfires. The
3979:
3949:
3874:
3811:
3775:
3723:
3529:Atalay, Ibrahim; Efe, Recep; Öztürk, Münir (2014).
134:In 2023, forests covered about 30% of the country.
3286:Caldera, Upeksha; Breyer, Christian (2023-02-06).
2336:L., 1758) in eastern Turkey (Mammalia: Felidae)".
3531:"Ecology and Classification of Forests in Turkey"
3103:"Istanbul bans entry to forests to prevent fires"
1610:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1087:can be used to study fire damage. As of 2021 the
370:(sometimes called ancient woodland) and over 500
234:was mostly forested, but forest cover before the
3010:Ülgentürk, Selma; Dokuyucu, Özden (2019-12-27).
2526:"Turkey Resilient Landscape Integration Project"
158:, mixed, and ‘other forested land’ which have a
2888:Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
1901:Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2024-2028 Stratejik Planı
1059:, such as in 2021, affect the economy, such as
957:Transporting firewood in the early 21st century
2373:"Habitat preference by the Anatolian leopard (
1137:As of 2022, how much of the Central Anatolian
346:Seas. But armies used more wood than navies.
3648:
2937:Journal of Current Debates in Social Sciences
2639:Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
1379:
1377:
1375:
1276:
1154:Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion
1069:Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion
593:Aegean Inland deciduous and coniferous forest
496:is a threat both directly and by encouraging
8:
2786:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
2053:"Forest ecosystems and drought interactions"
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1235:and are documented in the short documentary
236:formation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923
27:Woodland and maquis in the Eurasian country
3655:
3641:
3633:
3263:"Ayıların şehre inmesi nasıl önlenebilir?"
1134:in and around forest have become forests.
3546:
3535:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
3426:
3311:
3220:
2907:
2821:
2392:
2308:
2166:
2038:Turkish Industry and Business Association
1773:
1011:(sometimes in fields rather than forest)
556:. There are also six million hectares of
462:Turkish Industry and Business Association
2780:İPEK, Özlem; İPEK, Egemen (2021-12-01).
3245:Kuzey Ormanlari Tehdit ve Tahrip Raporu
3052:Invasive Alien Forest Insects in Turkey
2468:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
1842:"Plaza of monumental Inkaya Plane Tree"
1294:
1281:has been mistranslated as “sewn stamp”
1269:
671:land use, land-use change, and forestry
138:a piece of woodland of less than three
3484:
3473:
2991:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
2849:"Climate Mitigation Policy in Türkiye"
2843:
2841:
1738:
1727:
1603:
650:are increasing in some regions due to
519:should be included in the Forest Law.
439:remove more carbon from the atmosphere
3588:"Türk Kültüründe Ağaç ve Orman Kültü"
2688:Gençay, G.; Birben, Ü. (2024-06-01).
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2119:
2117:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1806:
1804:
1670:
1668:
1581:
1579:
1577:
441:, and thus reabsorb a little more of
142:is not forest. However, the national
7:
2725:Advances in Building Energy Research
1910:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1327:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1193:Turkish_folklore § Tree_worship
601:East Anatolian deciduous forest zone
544:, which is the most forested region.
453:permits allow the private sector to
431:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
2462:Mumcu Kucuker, Derya (2020-08-01).
1245:may have included the tree of life
900:, are important for recreation and
334:used timber from the coasts of the
304:Ancient Mediterranean civilisations
2229:"Eastern Anatolian Montane Steppe"
2155:Eurasian Journal of Forest Science
1395:(Technical report). 14 April 2023.
1219:Trees and forest are important in
875:greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey
25:
3049:Oğuzoğlu, Şükran; Avci, Mustafa.
2051:Tufekcioglu, Aydin (March 2018).
1762:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
1167:Some forests is certified by the
1047:Some non-native insects, such as
443:Turkey’s greenhouse gas emissions
214:over ten thousand years ago more
148:Food and Agriculture Organization
92:The country is slowly reforesting
4050:
4049:
3766:
3391:Ambarlı, Didem (27 March 2011).
2592:Early Child Development and Care
2260:Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
2005:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104673
1950:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104673
1432:10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107086
1162:Foresters' Association of Turkey
927:burning. Firewood burning emits
617:World Wide Fund for Nature lists
402:Plane Tree, and some are called
310:was used for temples such as at
4082:General Directorate of Forestry
1091:is threatened by urban growth.
577:Euxine-Colchic deciduous forest
507:. Turkey is taking part in the
420:General Directorate of Forestry
358:project in Turkey was in 1939.
3586:Özarslan, Metin (2003-01-01).
2297:Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi
2100:. Food & Agriculture Org.
1592:. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi.
1470:www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl
1231:, who may have descended from
1130:have become high forests, and
1101:Regeneration and reforestation
1032:Environmental issues in Turkey
503:There is a strategic plan for
492:, will become less efficient.
435:increase the amount of forests
110:; and they were threatened by
1:
3364:10.54614/forestist.2022.21056
2745:10.1080/17512549.2024.2361343
2694:International Forestry Review
2604:10.1080/03004430.2022.2131779
2350:10.1080/09397140.2021.1924419
1540:10.1080/14614103.2021.1918485
1392:Turkish Statistical Institute
281:. As well as oak, there were
94:, which is good both for the
3548:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.163
3468:"Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği"
3209:Journal of Forestry Research
1979:Gençay, Gökçe (2020-07-01).
1924:Gençay, Gökçe (2020-07-01).
505:adaptation to climate change
174:, and that these uses cause
3073:Turkish Academy of Sciences
3016:Turkish Journal of Forestry
2075:climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu
2057:Turkish Journal of Forestry
931:, which is bad for health.
589:Mediterranean Mountain zone
351:late Ottoman Empire reforms
250:(ancient particles such as
4133:
3313:10.1038/s41893-022-01056-7
3222:10.1007/s11676-023-01620-7
2806:10.1007/s11356-021-15175-9
2706:10.1505/146554824838819879
2659:10.1007/s13412-023-00867-0
2488:10.1007/s10661-020-08431-x
2381:Belgian Journal of Zoology
2338:Zoology in the Middle East
1643:10.37879/belleten.2014.167
1190:
1169:Forest Stewardship Council
1104:
1029:
993:Non-timber forest products
982:can estimate wood volume.
916:contain forest. There are
860:Forest Stewardship Council
689:Detail of an old house in
529:Anatolia § Ecoregions
526:
513:carbon offsets and credits
380:ancient woodland in the UK
230:. Ten thousand years ago,
29:
4045:
3764:
3698:Universities and colleges
3671:
3415:Journal of Forest Science
3343:Kahveci, Gülzade (2022).
2987:"Wood Products in Turkey"
2900:10.14744/tjtes.2021.77662
2187:European Forest Institute
2149:Vatandaşlar, Can (2024).
1811:Bilir, Nebi (June 2017).
1756:Yurtoğlu, Nadi̇r (2023).
1520:Environmental Archaeology
607:. However others include
478:effects of climate change
218:(both deciduous, such as
3733:Central African Republic
3508:. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
2570:"Ecotourism Action Plan"
2375:Panthera pardus tulliana
2243:Juniper-almond woodlands
1913:(Report). December 2023.
1089:Istanbul northern forest
887:climate change in Turkey
821:Cupressus sempervirens),
806:: other species include
713:in Istanbul in the 1920s
652:climate change in Turkey
597:Central Anatolian steppe
515:should be available and
296:(Liquidambar orientalis)
238:is not well documented.
198:Forestry Museum showing
144:greenhouse gas inventory
51:cover almost a third of
43:Yedigöller National Park
2310:10.24011/barofd.1070484
2168:10.31195/ejejfs.1413359
523:Distribution of forests
67:in the south and west.
55:. They are almost all
3483:Cite journal requires
1828:10.21750/REFOR.3.06.30
1737:Cite journal requires
1600:(inactive 2024-09-09).
1598:10.53478/TUBA.2018.014
1277:
1208:
1053:Hemiptera: Coccomorpha
1044:
958:
950:
914:nature parks of Turkey
892:Some forests, such as
795:(Picea orientalis 2%),
779:Pinus silvestris 6%),
714:
702:
694:
613:Caucasus mixed forests
545:
203:
45:
3292:Nature Sustainability
2931:Aydin, Figen (2024).
1866:"Resmi İstatistikler"
1775:10.33419/aamd.1300709
1346:Avrasya Terim Dergisi
1204:in late 20th century
1200:
1079:. Satellites such as
1039:
956:
942:
815:Mediterranean cypress
770:Fagus orientalis 8%),
708:
700:
688:
605:East Anatolian steppe
536:
451:private afforestation
193:
63:in the north-east to
40:
32:Agriculture in Turkey
3428:10.17221/74/2021-JFS
2949:10.29228/cudes.75064
2879:Özsoy, Sait (2021).
2394:10.26496/bjz.2020.78
1320:2023 Activity Report
1126:has been suggested.
783:(Juniperus spp. 6%),
741:, Mediterranean and
735:ecoregions in Turkey
709:Foreigners visiting
609:Balkan mixed forests
566:temperate rainforest
490:carbon sequestration
447:Turkish constitution
242:can be studied from
130:Definition and cover
61:temperate rainforest
3693:Research institutes
3304:2023NatSu...6..526C
3108:Hürriyet Daily News
3028:10.18182/tjf.616353
2798:2021ESPR...2867519I
2792:(47): 67519–67527.
2737:2024AdBER..18..322M
2651:2024JEnSS..14...87S
2480:2020EMnAs.192..555M
1997:2020LUPol..9604673G
1942:2020LUPol..9604673G
1532:2022EnvAr..27..539M
1424:2024LUPol.13907086A
1238:Fatma of the Forest
1057:Wildfires in Turkey
1043:forest fire in 2021
908:plan to 2025. Some
871:soil organic carbon
763:(Pinus nigra 18%),
750:(Quercus spp. 29%),
681:Benefits of forests
552:while the rest are
410:Climate and forests
172:official statistics
2129:www.cografyatr.com
1209:
1187:People and culture
1045:
959:
951:
920:and preschooling.
853:(Carpinus betulus)
830:Pinus halepensis),
757:Pinus brutia 23%),
731:Anatolian leopards
715:
703:
695:
546:
368:old-growth forests
204:
176:forest degradation
168:Turkey’s hazelnuts
124:pests and diseases
88:glaciers retreated
46:
30:For orchards, see
4117:Forests of Turkey
4077:
4076:
3703:Technical schools
3515:978-625-399-467-9
3082:978-605-2249-79-6
2894:(10): 1494–1499.
2418:978-605-7599-68-1
2107:978-92-5-137977-6
1181:corporate forests
1120:old-growth forest
946:forestry in the
902:tourism in Turkey
846:Castanea sativa),
804:Cedrus libani 2%)
789:( Abies spp. 2%),
773:European red pine
626:A quarter of the
621:temperate climate
494:Drought in Turkey
404:natural monuments
392:rehabilitate them
362:Old-growth forest
275:old growth forest
208:Turkeyʼs glaciers
16:(Redirected from
4124:
4053:
4052:
4012:Papua New Guinea
3980:Central agencies
3770:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3622:
3621:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3349:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3315:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3215:(6): 1747–1761.
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2534:. 12 March 2020.
2522:
2516:
2515:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2411:(Report). 2020.
2409:Our Forest Asset
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2312:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:Eur J Forest Eng
2270:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2017:
2016:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1768:(107): 125–175.
1753:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1682:. Archived from
1676:"Turkey Forests"
1672:
1663:
1662:
1637:(281): 167–200.
1622:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1583:
1552:
1551:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1494:www.ormuh.org.tr
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1444:
1443:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1381:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1243:Turkic mythology
1116:ancient woodland
948:Taurus Mountains
798:Cedar of Lebanon
792:Caucasian Spruce
727:flagship species
628:Black Sea Region
562:Black Sea Region
542:Black Sea Region
538:Giresun Province
428:
293:Turkish sweetgum
228:Central Anatolia
59:, and vary from
21:
18:Forest in Turkey
4132:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4107:
4106:
4078:
4073:
4041:
3975:
3945:
3870:
3807:
3771:
3762:
3719:
3708:Illegal logging
3667:
3661:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3567:www.tema.org.tr
3561:
3560:
3556:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3482:
3472:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3451:
3449:
3447:www.tema.org.tr
3441:
3440:
3436:
3421:(10): 449–463.
3408:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3251:(Report). 2021.
3248:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3184:www.tema.org.tr
3178:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2334:Panthera pardus
2331:
2330:
2326:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2020:
1985:Land Use Policy
1978:
1977:
1973:
1930:Land Use Policy
1923:
1922:
1918:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1602:
1585:
1584:
1555:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1447:
1412:Land Use Policy
1405:
1404:
1400:
1383:
1382:
1353:
1340:Lund, H. Gyde.
1339:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1221:Turkish culture
1195:
1189:
1156:is an involved
1109:
1107:Forest dynamics
1103:
1034:
1028:
967:erosion control
937:
935:Forest products
723:fauna of Turkey
719:flora of Turkey
683:
531:
525:
433:; they plan to
422:
416:degraded forest
412:
364:
188:
164:grown for crops
132:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3929:United Kingdom
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3630:
3629:External links
3627:
3624:
3623:
3597:
3578:
3554:
3521:
3514:
3494:
3485:|journal=
3458:
3434:
3401:
3383:
3369:
3358:(2): 192–198.
3335:
3298:(5): 526–538.
3278:
3254:
3236:
3195:
3171:
3145:
3121:
3094:
3081:
3058:
3041:
3022:(4): 482–491.
3002:
2978:
2967:www.ktb.gov.tr
2954:
2923:
2871:
2854:
2837:
2772:
2758:
2731:(3): 322–352.
2711:
2700:(2): 198–211.
2680:
2625:
2598:(5): 647–660.
2578:
2561:
2537:
2517:
2454:
2430:
2417:
2400:
2363:
2324:
2303:(2): 258–271.
2299:(in Turkish).
2283:
2265:
2247:
2220:
2199:
2174:
2141:
2113:
2106:
2086:
2062:
2043:
2040:. 22 May 2023.
2018:
1971:
1916:
1892:
1875:
1870:www.ogm.gov.tr
1857:
1833:
1800:
1789:
1748:
1739:|journal=
1713:
1696:
1680:web.ogm.gov.tr
1664:
1617:
1553:
1526:(6): 539–553.
1506:
1481:
1445:
1398:
1351:
1332:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1225:Turkish people
1188:
1185:
1102:
1099:
1077:Akbelen Forest
1055:), are pests.
1027:
1024:
936:
933:
918:forest schools
910:national parks
904:. There is an
894:Belgrad Forest
836:(Alnus spp.),
765:Oriental beech
739:Irano-Turanion
711:Belgrad Forest
682:
679:
524:
521:
517:carbon storage
509:Bonn Challenge
411:
408:
396:Heritage trees
363:
360:
326:were used for
290:(Pinus nigra).
187:
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104:climate change
102:to help limit
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1686:on 2021-06-03
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1049:scale insects
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1007:, and honey.
1006:
1003:, mushrooms,
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842:weet Chestnut
840:
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812:Pinus pinea),
809:
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782:
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769:
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743:Euro-Siberian
740:
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732:
728:
724:
720:
712:
707:
699:
692:
687:
680:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
654:. Because of
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Mediterranean
637:
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629:
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518:
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499:
495:
491:
487:
486:afforestation
483:
479:
475:
474:aridification
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:(GDF) of the
426:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:of trees and
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
356:afforestation
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:we know that
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:deforestation
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:evergreen oak
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
192:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:crown closure
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:absorb carbon
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:are common.
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
44:
39:
33:
19:
4087:Official map
4062:by continent
4054:
3713:Timber mafia
3676:Forest areas
3609:
3600:
3591:
3581:
3570:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3504:
3497:
3476:cite journal
3461:
3450:. Retrieved
3446:
3437:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3386:
3372:
3355:
3351:
3338:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3257:
3239:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3187:. Retrieved
3183:
3174:
3163:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3137:. Retrieved
3133:
3124:
3113:. Retrieved
3111:. 2024-06-08
3106:
3097:
3086:. Retrieved
3067:
3061:
3051:
3044:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2957:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2857:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2761:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2564:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:
2540:
2529:
2520:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2422:. Retrieved
2403:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2366:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2242:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:
2223:
2212:. Retrieved
2210:. 2012-05-05
2202:
2191:. Retrieved
2189:. 2020-10-27
2177:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2133:. Retrieved
2131:(in Turkish)
2128:
2096:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2065:
2056:
2046:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1908:
1895:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1822:(3): 48–52.
1819:
1792:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1730:cite journal
1716:
1699:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1679:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1588:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1498:. Retrieved
1496:(in Turkish)
1493:
1484:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1390:
1385:
1345:
1335:
1278:dikili damga
1272:
1236:
1218:
1210:
1166:
1151:
1143:rain shadows
1136:
1124:desalination
1112:Regeneration
1110:
1093:
1075:is mined at
1052:
1046:
1017:
1013:deer hunting
1009:Boar hunting
991:
984:
960:
944:Turkish pine
929:black carbon
922:
891:
883:soil erosion
869:rather than
864:
857:
852:
845:
835:
827:
826:
818:
817:
811:
801:
800:
794:
788:
776:
775:
767:
762:
756:
753:Turkish pine
749:
725:, including
716:
675:
660:
625:
570:
554:high forests
547:
502:
498:bark beetles
459:
413:
398:include the
365:
348:
332:Ottoman navy
300:Theophrastus
295:
289:
260:
205:
194:painting in
133:
96:its wildlife
85:
47:
4022:South Korea
3971:New Zealand
3541:: 788–805.
2943:(1): 1–12.
2863:"Furniture"
2387:: 153–168.
1490:"Duyurular"
1147:overgrazing
1095:Brown bears
824:Aleppo pine
693:in Istanbul
423: [
349:As part of
279:agriculture
210:almost all
182:continued.
57:state-owned
3821:Bangladesh
3688:Ministries
3666:by country
3572:2024-09-18
3452:2024-09-08
3272:2024-08-13
3189:2024-08-09
3165:2024-08-10
3159:World Bank
3139:2024-09-08
3115:2024-08-10
3088:2024-02-21
2996:2024-09-08
2972:2024-08-13
2555:2024-01-13
2550:World Bank
2531:World Bank
2474:(8): 555.
2424:2024-08-12
2344:(3): 1–8.
2238:2024-02-02
2214:2024-08-12
2193:2021-05-30
2135:2021-06-20
2080:2024-08-09
1991:: 104673.
1936:: 104673.
1851:2024-09-11
1690:2021-05-30
1500:2024-09-18
1475:2024-09-11
1418:: 107086.
1325:(Report).
1289:References
1206:Cappadocia
1191:See also:
1105:See also:
1065:World Bank
1030:See also:
906:ecotourism
879:World Bank
808:Stone pine
760:Black pine
615:, and the
573:ecoregions
527:See also:
484:, such as
482:sink areas
466:Black pine
366:There are
287:Black pine
271:Bronze Age
267:Çatalhöyük
248:palynology
244:tree rings
240:Prehistory
226:) grew in
220:Turkey oak
152:coniferous
86:After the
41:Autumn in
4027:Sri Lanka
3959:Australia
3856:Sri Lanka
3783:Argentina
3618:2750-8587
3592:Türkbilig
3398:(Report).
3352:Forestist
3330:256646404
3322:2398-9629
3231:1993-0607
3036:2149-3898
2963:"Hunting"
2814:1614-7499
2753:1751-2549
2675:264337024
2667:2190-6491
2620:252831666
2612:0300-4430
2512:220886275
2496:1573-2959
2358:235564429
2319:1302-0943
2233:One Earth
2161:: 19–45.
2013:0264-8377
1966:218962170
1958:0264-8377
1820:Reforesta
1784:1011-727X
1659:245293300
1651:0041-4255
1606:cite book
1548:1461-4103
1440:0264-8377
1202:Wish tree
1175:and very
1132:grassland
963:watershed
737:, namely
701:Road sign
691:Çengelköy
648:Wildfires
642:and East
564:sustains
437:so as to
384:neolithic
261:However,
180:inventory
166:(such as
156:deciduous
146:uses the
98:, and to
4111:Category
4067:agencies
4056:Category
3964:Tasmania
3934:Scotland
3851:Pakistan
3831:Cambodia
3776:Americas
3743:Ethiopia
3664:Forestry
3075:. 2021.
2918:36169469
2909:10277367
2832:34258706
2504:32740772
1884:"8th NC"
1631:Belleten
1247:Ulukayın
1227:include
1128:Coppices
1085:Sentinel
1041:Marmaris
1005:truffles
995:include
987:Feebates
975:firewood
925:firewood
898:Istanbul
850:Hornbeam
729:such as
656:droughts
644:Anatolia
470:wetlands
455:reforest
328:charcoal
320:Chestnut
256:charcoal
232:Anatolia
202:in woods
140:hectares
116:wildfire
108:degraded
4017:Romania
3997:Denmark
3951:Oceania
3909:Romania
3894:Germany
3889:Finland
3884:Estonia
3300:Bibcode
2823:8277228
2794:Bibcode
2733:Bibcode
2647:Bibcode
2476:Bibcode
1993:Bibcode
1938:Bibcode
1528:Bibcode
1420:Bibcode
1254:archura
1251:spirits
1233:Ağaçeri
1229:Tahtacı
1081:Landsat
1061:tourism
1026:Threats
867:biomass
781:Juniper
632:Marmara
550:coppice
540:in the
388:protect
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