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was even worse; four years of World War II and eight years of the Great
Depression had permitted urban blight to make substantial inroads. The total assessed property value in the Golden Triangle was at a record low and falling. At the point, rarely used railroad facilities included 15 acres (61,000 m) of yards (60000 m) and half a mile (800 m) of elevated train tracks.
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815:, was brought in and published a traffic plan in 1939. He offered a circular park surrounded by approach roads connecting the bridges to the city. His plan retained the existing bridges, but most of the experts brought in to examine the problem called for the bridges to be relocated away from the Point, creating more space for adjoining access roads and interchanges.
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In retrospect, it is difficult to evaluate the tactical success of
Captain Ecuyer's biological attack because smallpox may have been transmitted after other contacts with colonists, as had previously happened in New England and the South. Although scabs from smallpox patients are thought to be of low
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However, in the light of contemporary knowledge, it remains doubtful whether his hopes were fulfilled, given the fact that the transmission of smallpox through this kind of vector is much less efficient than respiratory transmission, and that Native
Americans had been in contact with smallpox >200
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Plans for Point Park Civic Center fell through and ultimately, the site was turned into a park with historic and recreational aspects, Point State Park. The Fort Pitt blockhouse remained intact, and three of the five bastions of the fort have been restored. The state acquired almost all property for
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During the city's early history, the Point became a hub for industry and transportation. By the 1930s it was occupied by warehouses and railroad yards. Frank Lloyd Wright commented in 1935 that the city had wasted the potential of its rivers and hilly landscape. In 1945, the situation in this regard
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After
Pontiac's War, Fort Pitt was no longer necessary to the British Crown, and was abandoned to the locals in 1772. At that time, the Pittsburgh area was claimed by both Virginia and Pennsylvania, and a power struggle for the region commenced. Virginians took control of Fort Pitt, and for a brief
713:
began on June 22, 1763, but the fort was too strong to be taken by force. During a diplomatic meeting at the fort, the commander of Fort Pitt Simon Ecuyer gave
Delaware Indian emissaries blankets that had been exposed to smallpox in hopes of infecting them, as suggested by trader William Trent. The
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Although the site had substantial problems, Robert
Alberts observes that "the condition, in the view of the city planner, was almost perfect". The Point had few property owners who needed to be bought out, few residents who would need relocation, and few structures worth preserving. Architects and
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During the course of the Second World War, federal and local authorities established three goals for the site: "the creation of a park commemorating the site's history, improved traffic circulation through the construction of new roads and bridges, and designation of a portion of the site for new
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were arrested for blocking access by contractors to the work sites at the remnants of Fort Pitt. The unions were protesting the use of four non-represented workers by the contractor. In addition, advocates for historical preservation disagreed with the decision to bury the remnants of the fort's
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on the structures of the park had become a major problem. Sections of the park were littered with fence posts, cut logs, plastic drums, and rolled up snow drift fencing. The walkways were cracked and beginning to fall apart. The restoration project aimed to reestablish the park as a recreational
523:, announced a $ 25 million plan to renovate Point State Park. The plans called for improving the green spaces within the park, expanding recreational opportunities, preserving historical installations, and updating outdated amenities. Those estimated costs grew to a final figure of $ 36 million
777:—remains in Point State Park, the only intact remnant of Fort Pitt. It was erected in 1764, and is believed to be the oldest building, not only in Pittsburgh, but in Western Pennsylvania. Used for many years as a house, the blockhouse was purchased and has been preserved for many years by the
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Plans for the 2006 improvements to the park included installing new pumps and pipes in the fountain, establishing a seating area around the fountain and a wading area for children, restoring the river walk with steps that lead into the river, building kiosks for information and concessions,
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years before Ecuyer's trickery, notably during
Pizarro's conquest of South America in the 16th century. As a whole, the analysis of the various 'pre-micro- biological" attempts at BW illustrate the difficulty of differentiating attempted biological attack from naturally occurring epidemics.
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as outbreaks happened on their own every dozen or so years and the delegates were met again later and they seemingly had not contracted smallpox. On August 1, 1763, most of the
Indians broke off the siege to intercept an approaching force under Colonel Bouquet, resulting in the
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698:, made this agreement with the understanding that the British military would leave the area after the war. The Indians did not want British army garrisons in their territory. The British, however, built Fort Pitt on the site, naming it after
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became a driving force for these changes. Edgar
Kaufmann, a Pittsburgh department store owner, sat on the board of the Conference and became chair of the 28-member committee convened to look into the Point Park problem.
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from industrial enterprises during the 1950s, this park opened in August 1974 after construction was completed on its iconic fountain. Pittsburgh settled on the current design after rejecting an alternative plan for a
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the site by 1949, at a cost of $ 7,588,500 ($ 97.2 million in 2024); the park was finally completed in August 1974. Areas adjoining the park were condemned to permit commercial development, most notably
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and wanted to provide it with a permanent building. He brought in Wright, by that time a preeminent architect, who had done numerous other projects for
Kaufmann in the past, including Kaufmann's landmark home at
730:, and other Old World diseases — was a major cause of death since the arrival of Europeans and their animals. A reported outbreak that began the spring before left as many as one hundred Native Americans dead in
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Today, the park provides recreational space for workers, visitors, and residents in downtown Pittsburgh, and also acts as the site for major cultural events in the city, including the
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The confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, creating the Ohio River, has greatly impacted the history of Point State Park. This confluence was referred to as the
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infectivity as a result of binding of the virus in fibrin metric, and transmission by fomites has been considered inefficient compared with respiratory droplet transmission.
526:. The project was scheduled to be completed within four years, with the majority of the work to be finished in time for Pittsburgh's 250th anniversary celebration in 2008.
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met at the point in a way that left no room for the interchange required by the volume of traffic. The growth of the city had made parking a serious problem as well.
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Kaufmann wanted a plan for the Point that was more urban and developed than the park others were imagining. In particular, Kaufmann was a major supporter of
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in 1960 for its role in the strategic struggles between Native Americans, French colonists, and British colonists, for control of the Ohio River watershed.
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from 1763 to 1764. It is not clear, however, whether the smallpox was a result of the Fort Pitt incident or the virus was already present among the
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1625:(Map). 1:65,000. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Geographic Information Division. Archived from
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In April 2009, the fountain was turned off for a $ 9.6 million upgrade and refurbishment; it went online again at the opening of the
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Ann F. Ramenofsky, Vectors of Death: The Archaeology of European Contact (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1987):
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Robert L. O'Connell, Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons, and Aggression (NY and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989)
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Point State Park was reopened to the public in the spring of 2008. The renovation process took a year and a half to complete.
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These plans were not put into place without some controversy. On January 25, 2007, thirteen members of two local
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had used the trenches surrounding the foundations of the remains of Fort Pitt as a temporary shelter for years.
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The location of the fountain at the tip of the Point previously served as a connector for two old bridges, the
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The fountain in Point State Park, which sprays water up to 150 feet (46 m) in the air at the head of the
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Ranlet, P (2000). "The British, the Indians, and smallpox: what actually happened at Fort Pitt in 1763?".
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This is the Point in 1951 Pittsburgh showing the Point Bridge II (right) and the Manchester Bridge (left).
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carved paths through the wilderness to control the point area and trade on the rivers. The French built
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use of blankets to spread smallpox was discussed and approved the next month between British General
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Fort Pitt Blockhouse, 25 Penn Avenue, Point State Historic Park, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA
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Sections of the park had fallen into disuse since it was established in the summer of 1974. The
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The park also includes the outlines and remains of two of the oldest structures in Pittsburgh,
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The Forbes Expedition was successful where the Braddock expedition had failed because of the
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in September 1758 was repulsed, but with heavy losses. Two months later, on November 25, the
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office buildings, intended to stimulate private interest in the Golden Triangle". The
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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1967:
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1932:
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499:, thus forming in total a 350-mile recreational trail between DC and Pittsburgh.
17:
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
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The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Point State Park:
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while in the 1770s it was called Fort Dunmore, in honour of Virginia's Governor
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Period map showing strategic location of 18th century forts at Forks of the Ohio
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461:(over the Monongahela). Both were removed in 1970 to make way for the fountain.
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agreed to abandon their alliance with the French. American Indians, primarily
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walls, which could damage the bricks and remove the walls from public access.
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This map from 1900 demonstrates how densely developed the site became.
483:, a 150-mile hiker-biker trail beginning at the 184.5 milepost of the
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
799:
City leaders wanted to alleviate traffic congestion in the city. The
743:. Bouquet fought off the attack and relieved Fort Pitt on August 20.
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401:(1754–63), during which the area soon to become Pittsburgh became a
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1146:"A gem restored: Pittsburgh can rejoice over its iconic fountain"
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1936:
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American Indian Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic
709:, an effort to drive the British from the region. The Indians'
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As a result, in 1763 local Delawares and Shawnees took part in
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Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
1707:", 3 photos, 4 measured drawings, 4 data pages
1696:
Post Gazette story on the refurbished fountain completed 2011
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Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
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Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
221:
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
1152:. Pittsburgh Post Gazette. December 25, 2012. Archived from
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On October 11, 2006, Michael DeBerardinis, Secretary of the
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Lackawanna Heritage Valley National and State Heritage Area
479:
The fountain also serves as the western terminus for the
1076:"Point State Park fountain to overflow with renovations"
546:
landings and surrounding docks, and installing wireless
1711:
Pittsburgh Waste Book and Fort Pitt Trading Post Papers
1302:
The Shaping of the Point: Pittsburgh's Renaissance Park
5940:
Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in the United States
1619:
2007 General Highway Map Allegheny County Pennsylvania
1182:"State will provide $ 25 million for Point State Park"
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Winnie Palmer Nature Reserve at Saint Vincent College
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mark the outline of where Fort Duquesne was located.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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2163:
2145:
2127:
2109:
2081:
2048:
1983:
1974:
675:in 1759, and later a much larger fort on the site,
313:
305:
300:
287:
225:
217:
198:
188:
180:
172:
135:
120:
31:
5980:National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh
5975:Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
5186:Harrison Hills Park Environmental Education Center
1359:Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
1252:
5985:Protected areas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
5502:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1406:Blood and Land: The Story of Native North America
636:, which had been built by the colonial forces of
334:which is located on 36 acres (150,000 m) in
1458:"History of biological warfare and bioterrorism"
5894:National Register of Historic Places portal
1506:. Government Printing Office. 2007. p. 3.
2234:Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor
1304:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
491:National Historical Park, which begins in the
5426:
2249:Lower Delaware National Wild and Scenic River
1948:
1735:
1230:"Refurbished Point State Park to open May 30"
829:Allegheny Conference on Community Development
620:. During the mid-18th century, the armies of
8:
5156:Carbon County Environmental Education Center
2274:Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River
1588:"Find a Park Pittsburgh and its Countryside"
844:and an unbuilt design for a parking garage.
80:Location of Point State Park in Pennsylvania
5955:National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
5241:Kettle Creek Environmental Education Center
5196:Honey Hollow Environmental Education Center
2239:Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
1205:. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from
811:, who had developed the traffic scheme for
5433:
5419:
5411:
2292:
1980:
1955:
1941:
1933:
1742:
1728:
1720:
1295:
1293:
1291:
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1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1050:National Historic Landmark summary listing
276:
28:
5442:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1713:published by ULS Archives Service Center
1563:"Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculation"
1532:"Find a Park by Region (interactive map)"
1473:
762:, Fort Pitt was the headquarters for the
643:The French held Fort Duquesne during the
256:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
5286:Riverbend Environmental Education Center
100:
72:
5960:Native American history of Pennsylvania
5346:Woodbourne Forest and Wildlife Preserve
5206:John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove
1175:
1173:
1171:
1052:. National Park Service. Archived from
981:
862:
282:Marker denoting the point of confluence
5231:McKeever Environmental Learning Center
1883:Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden
1094:"NHL nomination for Forks of the Ohio"
1022:"National Register Information System"
239:
5266:Pocono Environmental Education Center
2254:Middle Delaware National Scenic River
1503:Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare
1326:Native Americans of the Pontiac's War
393:, which is housed in the Monongahela
7:
5395:
5221:Latodami Nature Center at North Park
5101:Mohn Mill Ponds Wild Plant Sanctuary
1027:National Register of Historic Places
779:Daughters of the American Revolution
773:—actually an outbuilding known as a
365:Built on land that was acquired via
119:
108:Point State Park (the United States)
5950:Protected areas established in 1974
5291:Shaver's Creek Environmental Center
5251:Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art
2020:Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church NHS
1462:Clinical Microbiology and Infection
1357:D. Hank Ellison (August 24, 2007).
995:Geographic Names Information System
860:Moving downstream about 100 yards:
751:. The fort was a staging ground in
5935:Urban forests in the United States
5857:National Historic Preservation Act
5141:Benjamin Olewine III Nature Center
2420:Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry
2259:Susquehanna National Heritage Area
2229:Allegheny National Recreation Area
1701:Historic American Buildings Survey
769:A small brick building called the
431:Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks
25:
1338:Phillip M. White (June 2, 2011).
1203:"13 arrested at Point State Park"
875:office building in the background
5899:
5898:
5887:
5394:
5364:
5363:
5281:Richard Nixon Park Nature Center
1658:
1251:Chernow, Ron (October 5, 2010).
927:
913:
895:
880:
865:
99:
92:
71:
64:
47:
41:V (protected landscape/seascape)
5166:Endless Mountains Nature Center
1675:"Point State Park official map"
1456:Barras V, Greub G (June 2014).
1000:United States Geological Survey
457:(over the Allegheny River) and
397:of Fort Pitt, commemorates the
265:U.S. National Historic Landmark
202:the point of confluence of the
187:
5810:Federated States of Micronesia
5456:Architectural style categories
5311:Tom Ridge Environmental Center
5226:McKaig Nature Education Center
5216:Lancaster Environmental Center
5136:Beechwood Farms Nature Reserve
1995:Allegheny Portage Railroad NHS
1180:Don Hopey (October 12, 2006).
429:. The park is operated by the
289:
1:
5306:Strawberry Hill Nature Center
5236:Millbrook Marsh Nature Center
5096:Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail
1987:& National Historic Sites
1985:NPS National Historical Parks
819:planners could treat it as a
781:, who open it to the public.
131:, Pennsylvania, United States
111:Show map of the United States
5351:Woodcock Creek Nature Center
5316:Trexler Environmental Center
5106:Stone Valley Recreation Area
2147:USFS National Historic Sites
1790:Chatham University Arboretum
1643:Note: shows Point State Park
949:Allegheny Islands State Park
837:Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera
718:and his subordinate Colonel
237:United States historic place
5930:State parks of Pennsylvania
5336:Whites' Woods Nature Center
1567:Northern Arizona University
1300:Alberts, Robert C. (1980).
1228:Mark Belko (May 22, 2008).
542:renovating the rest rooms,
489:Chesapeake & Ohio Canal
6001:
5862:Historic Preservation Fund
5841:American Legation, Morocco
5261:Peace Valley Nature Center
5246:Myrick Conservation Center
5181:Great Valley Nature Center
5176:Frick Environmental Center
1408:. Penguin UK. p. 73.
1344:Greenwood Publishing Group
788:
760:American Revolutionary War
632:in 1754 on foundations of
474:Three Rivers Arts Festival
423:Three Rivers Arts Festival
407:National Historic Landmark
5882:
5803:Lists by associated state
5359:
5296:Silver Lake Nature Center
5276:Powdermill Nature Reserve
5171:Fern Hollow Nature Center
5161:Churchville Nature Center
2555:Sheets Island Archipelago
2165:National Wildlife Refuges
1878:Roberto Clemente Memorial
1765:
1703:(HABS) No. PA-430, "
1232:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
419:Venture Outdoors Festival
405:. It was designated as a
288:NRHP reference
275:
271:
262:
253:
246:
242:
58:
46:
36:
5784:Northern Mariana Islands
5301:South Park Nature Center
5151:Briar Bush Nature Center
5146:Boyce Park Nature Center
1715:University of Pittsburgh
965:Raccoon Creek State Park
184:718 ft (219 m)
83:Show map of Pennsylvania
53:Point State Park in fall
5321:Trexler Nature Preserve
5271:Pool Wildlife Sanctuary
5191:Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
5126:Abernathy Field Station
2475:M.K. Goddard/Wykoff Run
2088:National Military Parks
1561:Michels, Chris (1997).
1475:10.1111/1469-0691.12706
1404:King, J. C. H. (2016).
1187:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1096:. National Park Service
907:Carnegie Science Center
791:Point Park Civic Center
481:Great Allegheny Passage
372:Point Park Civic Center
332:Pennsylvania state park
5779:Minor Outlying Islands
5762:Lists by insular areas
5476:Keeper of the Register
3153:Susquehanna Riverlands
1900:South Shore Riverfront
1846:North Shore Riverfront
1201:Allison M. Heinrichs.
700:William Pitt the Elder
609:
598:
587:
579:
516:
469:
450:
5481:National Park Service
5461:Contributing property
5256:Nurture Nature Center
5201:Jarrett Nature Center
3419:Yellow Breeches Creek
2673:Buchanan's Birthplace
2460:Little Tinicum Island
2455:Little Mud Pond Swamp
2221:Other protected areas
2083:National Battlefields
1598:on September 30, 2005
1542:on September 24, 2011
1126:on September 28, 2011
1032:National Park Service
645:French and Indian War
604:
593:
585:
577:
570:French and Indian War
510:
467:
444:
399:French and Indian War
176:36 acres (15 ha)
157:40.44167°N 80.01194°W
5836:District of Columbia
5055:Russell P. Letterman
5025:Russell P. Letterman
2480:Meeting of the Pines
2395:Forrest H. Dutlinger
2264:Tionesta Scenic Area
2025:Hopewell Furnace NHS
1780:Allegheny Riverfront
1687:on January 21, 2013.
1431:Pennsylvania History
1365:. pp. 123–140.
618:Western Pennsylvania
607:Fort Pitt Blockhouse
511:The underpass under
427:Three Rivers Regatta
358:rivers, forming the
5945:Parks in Pittsburgh
3208:Washington Crossing
2560:Snyder-Middleswarth
2073:Thaddeus Kosciuszko
2015:Friendship Hill NHS
2000:Edgar Allan Poe NHS
1666:Pennsylvania portal
1209:on February 7, 2007
1080:www.postgazette.com
1046:"Forks of the Ohio"
1034:. January 23, 2007.
856:Along the Allegheny
741:Battle of Bushy Run
707:Pontiac's Rebellion
336:Downtown Pittsburgh
314:Designated NHL
218:Governing body
210:rivers forming the
162:40.44167; -80.01194
153: /
5970:Urban public parks
5070:Thickhead Mountain
3018:Pine Grove Furnace
2923:Maurice K. Goddard
2828:Joseph E. Ibberson
2440:Kettle Creek Gorge
2269:Tionesta Wild Area
2188:Ohio River Islands
2050:National Memorials
1271:forks of the ohio.
1255:Washington: A Life
1156:on January 6, 2013
1116:"Point State Park"
990:"Point State Park"
955:Hillman State Park
951:(Allegheny County)
940:Nearby state parks
711:siege of Fort Pitt
634:Fort Prince George
610:
599:
588:
580:
517:
470:
451:
376:Frank Lloyd Wright
326:(locally known as
5912:
5911:
5466:Historic district
5408:
5407:
5119:Local and private
5114:
5113:
3414:Tulpehocken Creek
3374:LeTort Spring Run
3188:Upper Pine Bottom
2788:Greenwood Furnace
2613:Allegheny Islands
2490:Mt. Cydonia Ponds
2390:East Branch Swamp
2282:
2281:
2206:Allegheny Islands
2119:Appalachian Trail
2096:Fort Necessity NB
2058:Benjamin Franklin
1930:
1929:
1917:West End Overlook
1775:Allegheny Commons
1770:Allegheny Arsenal
1513:978-0-16-087238-9
1372:978-0-8493-1434-6
1266:978-1-59420-266-7
959:Washington County
890:in the background
801:Manchester Bridge
686:, in which local
665:Forbes Expedition
614:Forks of the Ohio
476:on June 7, 2013.
455:Manchester Bridge
403:major battlefield
321:
320:
301:Significant dates
248:Forks of the Ohio
235:
234:
18:Forks of the Ohio
16:(Redirected from
5992:
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5890:
5815:Marshall Islands
5435:
5428:
5421:
5412:
5398:
5397:
5367:
5366:
3429:State Game Lands
3399:Schuylkill River
3384:Lower Brandywine
3218:White Clay Creek
3133:Simon B. Elliott
3043:Prince Gallitzin
2888:Leonard Harrison
2618:Archbald Pothole
2510:Pine Creek Gorge
2400:Frank E. Masland
2375:David R. Johnson
2365:Charles F. Lewis
2293:
2198:Wilderness areas
2129:National Forests
2040:Valley Forge NHP
2030:Independence NHP
1981:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1737:
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1721:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1680:. Archived from
1679:
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1637:
1632:on July 20, 2011
1631:
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1594:. Archived from
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1538:. Archived from
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1150:post-gazette.com
1142:
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1131:
1122:. Archived from
1112:
1106:
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1063:
1061:
1056:on July 22, 2011
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1007:
1002:. August 2, 1979
986:
931:
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899:
884:
869:
688:American Indians
684:Treaty of Easton
667:, under General
487:terminus of the
391:Fort Pitt Museum
340:Allegheny County
324:Point State Park
309:October 15, 1966
291:
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230:Point State Park
168:
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32:Point State Park
29:
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5925:IUCN Category V
5915:
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5326:Tyler Arboretum
5110:
5084:
5015:James C. Nelson
4976:
3423:
3345:
3232:
3113:Samuel S. Lewis
3103:Ryerson Station
2983:Norristown Farm
2933:McConnells Mill
2868:Laurel Mountain
2778:Gifford Pinchot
2758:Fort Washington
2713:Colonel Denning
2658:Black Moshannon
2599:
2530:Reynolds Spring
2525:Pine Tree Trail
2465:Lower Jerry Run
2370:Cranberry Swamp
2345:Black Ash Swamp
2340:Big Flat Laurel
2278:
2215:
2192:
2159:
2141:
2123:
2111:National Trails
2105:
2086:
2077:
2068:Johnstown Flood
2044:
2010:First State NHP
1986:
1970:
1964:Protected areas
1961:
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873:Del Monte Foods
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764:western theatre
736:Delaware people
716:Jeffery Amherst
653:Edward Braddock
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317:October 9, 1960
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5794:Virgin Islands
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5495:Lists by state
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5486:Property types
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2768:Frances Slocum
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2733:Delaware Canal
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2590:Tamarack Swamp
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2550:Ruth Zimmerman
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2545:Rosencrans Bog
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2101:Gettysburg NMP
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2017:
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2005:Eisenhower NHS
2002:
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1895:Schenley Plaza
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1652:External links
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1468:(6): 497–502.
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1437:(3): 427–441.
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850:Gateway Center
789:Main article:
786:
783:
657:smaller attack
649:expedition led
571:
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566:
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513:Interstate 279
504:
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497:Washington, DC
485:Cumberland, MD
438:
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367:eminent domain
346:, USA, at the
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3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
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3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
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3488:
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3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Tucquan Creek
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3351:Scenic Rivers
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Susquehannock
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3238:State Forests
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Warriors Path
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Susquehannock
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Sinnemahoning
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Ricketts Glen
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Raccoon Creek
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Promised Land
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Memorial Lake
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Laurel Summit
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Kinzua Bridge
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Boyd Big Tree
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Big Elk Creek
2641:
2639:
2638:Benjamin Rush
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Marion Brooks
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Lebo Red Pine
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Devil’s Elbow
2383:
2381:
2380:Detweiler Run
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2297:Natural Areas
2294:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2211:Hickory Creek
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Cherry Valley
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Steamtown NHS
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Point of View
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Mellon Square
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Market Square
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
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1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
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1754:
1745:
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1733:
1731:
1726:
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1722:
1716:
1712:
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1706:
1702:
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1628:
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1613:
1610:
1597:
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1583:
1580:
1568:
1564:
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1554:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1415:9781846148088
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1346:. p. 44.
1345:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1311:0-8229-3422-1
1307:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1155:
1151:
1148:. Editorial.
1147:
1141:
1138:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
985:
982:
975:
970:
969:Beaver County
966:
963:
960:
956:
953:
950:
947:
946:
945:
939:
930:
925:
922:
916:
911:
908:
904:
898:
893:
889:
883:
878:
874:
868:
863:
861:
855:
853:
851:
845:
843:
838:
833:
830:
824:
822:
816:
814:
813:New York City
810:
806:
802:
797:
792:
785:Redevelopment
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
756:
754:
753:Dunmore's War
750:
744:
742:
737:
733:
729:
726:, influenza,
725:
721:
720:Henry Bouquet
717:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
673:Mercer's Fort
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:Fort Duquesne
627:
626:Great Britain
623:
619:
615:
608:
603:
596:
592:
584:
576:
569:
564:
562:
559:
556:
551:
550:access hubs.
549:
545:
539:
538:destination.
536:
532:
527:
525:
522:
514:
509:
502:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
466:
462:
460:
456:
448:
443:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Fort Duquesne
384:
379:
377:
373:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
312:
308:
306:Added to NRHP
304:
299:
296:
293:
286:
279:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
252:
245:
241:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
95:
67:
57:
50:
45:
40:
39:IUCN category
35:
30:
27:
19:
5708:South Dakota
5698:Rhode Island
5693:Pennsylvania
5673:North Dakota
5387:
5382:Philadelphia
5380:
5373:
5131:Asbury Woods
5075:Trough Creek
5020:Kettle Creek
3369:Lehigh River
3364:French Creek
3341:William Penn
3228:Yellow Creek
3198:Vosburg Neck
3173:Trough Creek
3108:Salt Springs
3098:Ridley Creek
3078:Ralph Stover
3068:R. B. Winter
3058:Prouty Place
3038:Presque Isle
3032:
2978:Nolde Forest
2883:Lehigh Gorge
2873:Laurel Ridge
2833:Kettle Creek
2773:French Creek
2718:Colton Point
2585:Tamarack Run
2580:Tall Timbers
2565:Spruce Swamp
2435:Joyce Kilmer
2425:Jakey Hollow
2360:Carbaugh Run
2325:Bear Meadows
1968:Pennsylvania
1922:Westinghouse
1911:Three Rivers
1909:
1887:
1870:
1860:
1836:Mellon Green
1818:
1808:Emerald View
1806:
1799:
1682:the original
1642:
1634:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1618:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1556:
1546:November 18,
1544:. Retrieved
1540:the original
1526:
1517:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1405:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1358:
1352:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1301:
1270:
1254:
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1196:
1185:
1160:December 21,
1158:. Retrieved
1154:the original
1149:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1088:
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1040:
1025:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
993:
984:
943:
934:At the point
859:
846:
842:Fallingwater
834:
825:
817:
809:Robert Moses
805:Point Bridge
798:
794:
768:
766:of the war.
757:
749:Lord Dunmore
745:
732:Ohio Country
704:
681:
642:
613:
611:
595:Brick pavers
560:
555:labor unions
552:
540:
528:
518:
478:
471:
459:Point Bridge
452:
416:
380:
374:designed by
364:
344:Pennsylvania
327:
323:
322:
192:August 1974
26:
5829:Other areas
5789:Puerto Rico
5623:Mississippi
5538:Connecticut
5040:Penns Creek
5030:Martin Hill
5005:Clear Shade
3404:Stony Creek
3261:Cornplanter
3256:Clear Creek
3213:Whipple Dam
3148:Susquehanna
3118:Sand Bridge
2928:McCalls Dam
2918:Marsh Creek
2908:Locust Lake
2903:Little Pine
2863:Laurel Hill
2803:Hills Creek
2793:Hickory Run
2748:Erie Bluffs
2738:Denton Hill
2723:Cook Forest
2703:Clear Creek
2688:Canoe Creek
2605:State Parks
2540:Rocky Ridge
2535:Roaring Run
2430:Johnson Run
2405:Halfway Run
2305:Alan Seeger
2155:Grey Towers
1861:Point State
1795:Frank Curto
1602:January 20,
1259:. Penguin.
1213:January 26,
903:Heinz Field
888:Heinz Field
821:tabula rasa
758:During the
728:chicken pox
669:John Forbes
661:James Grant
651:by General
515:in the park
503:Renovations
356:Monongahela
208:Monongahela
189:Established
160: /
136:Coordinates
5919:Categories
5738:Washington
5658:New Mexico
5653:New Jersey
5528:California
5389:Pittsburgh
5331:Welkinweir
5045:Quebec Run
5010:Hammersley
4982:Wild areas
3394:Pine Creek
3321:Tiadaghton
3246:Bald Eagle
3223:Worlds End
3143:Sizerville
3128:Shikellamy
3083:Ravensburg
3063:Pymatuning
3028:Poe Valley
3003:Parker Dam
2973:Nockamixon
2958:Mt. Pisgah
2858:Lackawanna
2818:Jacobsburg
2813:Hyner View
2783:Gouldsboro
2728:Cowans Gap
2653:Big Spring
2648:Big Pocono
2628:Beltzville
2623:Bald Eagle
2575:Sweet Root
2570:Stillwater
2520:Pine Ridge
2505:Pennel Run
2485:Miller Run
2350:Bruce Lake
2320:Bark Cabin
2315:Anders Run
2183:John Heinz
1905:South Side
1814:Hays Woods
1758:Pittsburgh
1324:Crawford,
1130:October 5,
976:References
771:Blockhouse
544:water taxi
493:Georgetown
447:Ohio River
413:Recreation
360:Ohio River
348:confluence
212:Ohio River
148:80°00′43″W
145:40°26′30″N
125:Pittsburgh
5748:Wisconsin
5713:Tennessee
5618:Minnesota
5593:Louisiana
5000:Burns Run
3331:Tuscarora
3296:Moshannon
3286:Loyalsock
3281:Gallitzin
3178:Tuscarora
3168:Tobyhanna
3088:Reeds Gap
3023:Poe Paddy
3008:Patterson
2993:Oil Creek
2968:Neshaminy
2963:Nescopeck
2948:Mont Alto
2913:Lyman Run
2843:Kings Gap
2808:Hyner Run
2753:Evansburg
2683:Caledonia
2663:Blue Knob
2515:Pine Lake
2500:Mt. Logan
2495:Mt. Davis
2137:Allegheny
2063:Flight 93
1872:Riverview
1866:PPG Place
1572:April 23,
1363:CRC Press
1328:, 245–250
755:of 1774.
692:Delawares
677:Fort Pitt
383:Fort Pitt
352:Allegheny
328:The Point
204:Allegheny
199:Named for
181:Elevation
129:Allegheny
5904:Category
5733:Virginia
5683:Oklahoma
5663:New York
5638:Nebraska
5628:Missouri
5613:Michigan
5603:Maryland
5588:Kentucky
5568:Illinois
5543:Delaware
5533:Colorado
5523:Arkansas
5369:Category
5080:Wolf Run
5065:Stairway
5050:Quehanna
5035:McIntyre
4990:Algerine
3379:Lick Run
3359:Bear Run
3306:Rothrock
3266:Delaware
3251:Buchanan
3053:Prompton
2998:Ole Bull
2988:Ohiopyle
2893:Linn Run
2838:Keystone
2823:Jennings
2678:Bucktail
2415:The Hook
2410:Hemlocks
2355:Buckhorn
2330:Bear Run
1889:Schenley
1851:Phillips
1820:Highland
1636:July 27,
1484:24894605
1443:17216901
1100:April 7,
638:Virginia
624:and the
548:internet
535:Graffiti
531:homeless
495:area of
437:Fountain
295:66000643
121:Location
5850:Related
5753:Wyoming
5728:Vermont
5633:Montana
5573:Indiana
5553:Georgia
5548:Florida
5518:Arizona
5508:Alabama
5400:Commons
5211:Lacawac
3301:Pinchot
3291:Michaux
3163:Swatara
3123:Shawnee
2953:Moraine
2798:Hillman
2708:Codorus
2693:Chapman
2633:Bendigo
1976:Federal
1236:May 22,
1060:July 2,
1006:May 26,
775:redoubt
724:measles
696:Shawnee
565:History
395:Bastion
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