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lasted until the French capitulated on 24 February after the
British fire had dismounted most of their guns (some 98) and exploded a powder magazine. The French had had some 113 cannon and mortars, and some 1500 to 2200 men at the start of the siege. Their resistance had cost the French over 200 casualties from the bombardment alone.
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in front of then Fort
Bourbon. Construction was completed in 1780. A 300-meters-long subterranean gallery linked the lunette to the main body of the fort. The lunette was named after the then Governor General of Martinique, the Marquis de Bouillé. During the British attack in March 1794, the lunette
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Construction works on Morne
Garnier began already during the Seven Years' War, as early as 1759, but, in the context of the war, progressed slowly. After the war's end, work there took precedence. The French Navy (the Marine) committed to spend about 11 million livre tournois on this fort. On 1 June
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At the time of the
British attack on Martinique in 1809, the fort had an irregular pentagonal shape as it followed the terrain. The British besieged Fort Desaix from 10 to 19 February as they emplaced their 14 cannon and 28 mortars and howitzers. They then commenced an unrelenting bombardment that
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A Court of
Inquiry in Paris in December 1809 stripped Admiral Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse, the Governor General of Martinique, and some of his subordinates of their rank and honors, holding them responsible for problems with the fortification of Fort Desaix and the loss of the island.
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42:. Fort Desaix was built in response to the successful British attack on Fort Royal in 1762 and was intended to prevent any future attacker from using Morne Garnier to site cannon that could then bombard Fort Royal from above.
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The fort returned to French control in 1814, in a severely reduced state. In 1848 it was restored, but was of limited defensive importance. It was refitted in 1880 and 1905 to house a battery of coastal artillery.
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Today, Fort Desaix is the headquarters for the French armed forces in the
Antilles and the 33rd Regiment of Marine Infantry, which consists of five companies, two of which are actual line companies.
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resisted for 14 days, after holding off numerous assaults and suffering extensive bombardment. Fort
Bourbon surrendered on 22 March, two days after the British captured Fort Royal.
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The fort took the name Fort
Bourbon as early as 1766, Fort la Convention in 1793, Fort George during the British occupations (1793–1802, 1809–1814), and became Fort Desaix in 1802.
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had already surrendered on the 10th, so with the fall of Fort Desaix, all resistance on
Martinique ceased. After the battle the British substantially demolished the fort.
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Between 1940 and 1943, while under the administration of the Vichy High
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Laurence Verrand (2004) Fortifications Militaires de Martinique, 1635–1845,
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The British captured Fort Desaix twice, first in 1794 and again in 1809.
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1769, an engineer by the name of Le Bœuf proposed the construction of a
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265:(Richard Bentley; New Burlington), Vol. 5, 1808–1811, pp. 206–209.
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34:. The fort was built from 1768 to 1772 and sits on a hill,
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58:(1768–1800). The original fort in the area is
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225:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:gold reserves, delivered by the cruiser
26:fort and one of four forts that protect
308:. www.reve-lemanique.ch. Archived from
278:. www.reve-lemanique.ch. Archived from
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54:renamed the fort to honor General
16:Fort in Fort-de-France, Martinique
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247:Journal of Caribbean Archeology
150:needs additional citations for
263:Naval History of Great Britain
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38:, overlooking what was then
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249:, Special Publication #1
355:14.61639°N 61.06528°W
261:William James (1837)
159:improve this article
379:Forts in Martinique
360:14.61639; -61.06528
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328:Google translation
293:Google translation
52:Napoleon Bonaparte
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56:Louis Desaix
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358: /
306:"Les forts"
276:"Les forts"
215:August 2011
20:Fort Desaix
373:Categories
343:14°36′59″N
316:2008-12-10
286:2008-12-10
185:newspapers
131:References
88:Fort Royal
40:Fort Royal
32:Martinique
346:61°3′55″W
323:in French
199:scholar
79:lunette
46:History
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