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237:, a courtyard, and 16 mounted cannons. Historians presume it was wooden, as it was burned by the Dutch in 1673 and rebuilt by the English later in the year. In 1689, the French took over the island and fort, and carried out additional renovations of the fort. They reinforced the walls with doubled
324:
Between
February 2019 to May 2020, the cliff supporting Fort Oranje underwent a stabilization project to help increase the cliff's stability and stop erosion. The project involved the placement of 2,800 anchors, 7,400 square meters of canvas, and more than 15,000 square meters of mesh.
229:
took possession of the then unoccupied St. Eustatius. With a commission from the Dutch West India
Company, they constructed a new fort at the location where they found remains of the French fort. They named the new fortress Fort Oranje after the House of Oranje, the Dutch royal family.
352:
259:
After partial fire destruction in 1990, the fort was restored in the late 1990s. Since then, the offices of the public prosecutor's office, the planning department, and the tourist office have been kept here.
376:
305:
had just declared their independence from the
British. Many interpreted the salute as the first recognition by a foreign power of America's independence. It was one of the reasons for the
256:. After being empty for many years, the fortress was refurbished and furnished as an administrative center to house the lieutenant governor's office, government services, and the prison.
781:
Hartog, Johan. De forten, verdedigingswerken en geschutstellingen van Sint
Eustatius en Saba: van Pieter van Corselles tot Abraham Heyliger, 1636-1785. Europese bibliotheek, 1997. Print.
1040:
222:. In 1629, the French built a wooden fortress at the present-day location of Fort Oranje. The French abandoned the fort and the island due to lack of clean drinking water.
711:
208:
667:"From Golden Rock to Historic Gem: a historical archaeological analysis of the maritime cultural landscape of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean (Doctoral Thesis)"
537:
792:
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and built a dry moat around the fort. Beginning in 1737, the fort underwent a series of renovations by the Dutch via the work of enslaved
Africans.
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191:
The fort was built by the Dutch in 1636, at the location of a previous fort built by the French in 1629. Its construction was commissioned by the
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The first
European settlers on St. Eustatius were the French, who arrived from 1625 and 1629. They came from nearby nearby
1072:
687:
The UNESCO Training Manual for the
Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage in Latin America and the Caribbean
316:
offered a plaque in recognition of the First Salute. The plaque was placed against the flagpole in the fort square.
544:
177:
38:
25:
207:. It was rebuilt and renovated several times during the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, the fort is one of many
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829:
515:. Central U.S.A. Bicentennial Committee of the Netherlands Antilles : distributors, De Witt Stores N.V.
200:
306:
204:
181:
666:
597:
The
Archaeology of Interdependence: European Involvement in the Development of a Sovereign United States
430:
The
Archaeology of Interdependence: European Involvement in the Development of a Sovereign United States
313:
196:
684:
Agency, Netherlands
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Cultural Heritage; UNESCO (2021-03-10).
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758:
The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World
543:(Report). St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research. 2011-07-12. Archived from
432:, SpringerBriefs in Archaeology, vol. 1, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 41–60,
1061:
343:
120:
538:
St. Eustatius Fort Oranje: A Historical Archaeological and Architectural Assessment
180:, the island's capital, on a cliff overlooking Oranje Bay. It was named after the
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219:
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793:"Government commissioner sees a long road ahead for self-governance on Statia"
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Plaque presented by Franklin D. Roosevelt in recognition of the "First Salute"
932:
100:
87:
253:
195:. Like the island, the fort changed hands several times between the
249:
245:
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297:
which had entered the island's harbor. The ship was flying the new
288:
had the fort's cannons return a salute of 11 shots to the
267:
1041:"Cliff stabilisation project for Fort Oranje nears completion"
426:"St. Eustatius: The Nexus for Colonial Caribbean Capitalism"
1012:"King and US President are welcome for 'First Salute'"
645:
Benjamins, Herman Daniël; Snelleman, Johannes (1917).
233:
The original Fort Oranje for square-shaped, with four
600:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 42.
832:[Rebel fortress on Statia being restored].
154:
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126:
116:
79:
18:
852:Public Prosecutor Curacao Sint Maarten BES Islands
813:[Flames destroyed part of Fort Oranje].
655:(in Dutch). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
424:Gilmore, R. G. (2013), Comer, Douglas C. (ed.),
284:was fired on November 16, 1776. Dutch governor
985:"The First Salute: A unique moment in history"
476:. St. Eustatius Tourism Development Foundation
8:
710:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
342:The walls of Fort Oranje with the island of
879:. Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs,
828:van Ditzhuijzen, Jeannette (30 June 1998).
272:Painting (by Phillips Melville) depicting
15:
648:Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië
406:Fort Oranje timeline, located at the fort
671:Leiden University Scholarly Publications
280:It was from Fort Oranje that the famous
921:"Statia's Heritage: Gifts From the Sea"
416:
332:
830:"Rebels fort op Statia wordt hersteld"
733:
703:
276:receiving salute from the Fort Oranje.
209:protected buildings in Sint Eustatius.
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873:"U.S. Relations With the Netherlands"
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653:Digital Library for Dutch Literature
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244:Until 1846, Fort Oranje served as a
895:"About St. Eustatius: First Salute"
811:"Vlammen verwoest deel Fort Oranje"
370:View of the island from Fort Oranje
314:President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
61:
168:is a historic fortress located in
14:
983:Hellebrand, Walter (2018-10-22).
881:United States Department of State
730:. The Caribbean Commission. 1947.
690:. UNESCO Publishing. p. 12.
594:Comer, Douglas C. (2013-01-04).
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358:Inside the walls of Fort Oranje
919:Bartle, Annette (1975-12-07).
622:"History: About St. Eustatius"
570:. Cadogan Books. p. 330.
1:
791:Ruigrok, Paul (18 May 2020).
740:: CS1 maint: date and year (
225:In 1636, Dutch settlers from
1047:. 2020-05-05. Archived from
761:. Cornell University Press.
755:Klooster, Wim (2016-10-19).
955:Neutrality in World History
817:(in Dutch). 8 October 1990.
438:10.1007/978-1-4614-6028-2_3
1094:
727:The Caribbean: Volumes 1-3
184:, the royal family of the
564:Henderson, James (1992).
509:Hartog, Johannes (1976).
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36:
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665:Stelten, R.J.G. (2019).
512:History of St. Eustatius
193:Dutch West India Company
1068:Forts in Sint Eustatius
307:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
277:
952:Müller, Leos (2019).
848:"History Fort Oranje"
394:Canons at Fort Oranje
271:
1073:Netherlands Antilles
960:Taylor & Francis
883:. 6 September 2022.
176:. It is located in
101:17.4820°N 62.9865°W
97: /
43:View of Fort Oranje
925:The New York Times
301:, as the American
286:Johannes de Graaff
278:
264:The "First Salute"
1018:. 15 October 2018
969:978-1-351-68305-0
899:Statia Government
797:Caribbean Network
768:978-1-5017-0667-7
697:978-92-3-100427-8
626:Statia Government
607:978-1-4614-6028-2
577:978-1-56440-003-1
447:978-1-4614-6028-2
346:in the background
303:thirteen colonies
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470:"Fort Oranje"
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1049:the original
1044:
1020:. Retrieved
1015:
992:. Retrieved
988:
978:
958:. New York:
954:
947:
936:. Retrieved
924:
914:
903:. Retrieved
901:. 2020-06-16
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856:. Retrieved
854:. 2021-01-15
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630:. Retrieved
628:. 2020-06-16
625:
616:
596:
566:
545:the original
511:
478:. Retrieved
473:
451:, retrieved
429:
419:
323:
320:Preservation
311:
294:
290:
282:First Salute
279:
274:Andrew Doria
273:
258:
243:
232:
224:
217:
190:
165:
163:
142:Site history
132:Open to
1078:Dutch forts
836:(in Dutch).
186:Netherlands
166:Fort Oranje
155:In use
104: /
80:Coordinates
68:Fort Oranje
19:Fort Oranje
1062:Categories
994:2023-05-27
938:2023-04-01
905:2023-04-02
858:2023-05-27
632:2023-04-02
480:2023-04-01
453:2023-04-01
412:References
178:Oranjestad
92:62°59′11″W
89:17°28′55″N
26:Oranjestad
933:0362-4331
736:cite book
706:cite book
312:In 1939,
254:artillery
239:palisades
220:St. Kitts
246:garrison
235:bastions
201:English
329:Gallery
227:Zeeland
214:History
205:French
203:and
172:in the
1022:27 May
966:
931:
815:Amigoe
765:
694:
604:
574:
444:
834:Trouw
548:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
197:Dutch
147:Built
1024:2023
964:ISBN
929:ISSN
763:ISBN
742:link
712:link
692:ISBN
602:ISBN
572:ISBN
442:ISBN
344:Saba
252:and
248:for
199:,
188:.
150:1636
117:Type
434:doi
137:Yes
1064::
1043:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
