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395:, which took place during a widespread popular revolt against the efforts of Louis XIII and then Louis XIV to bring the formerly Catalan area under French control, Inès de Llar was held at Libéria. Her family were Catalan and had plotted to kill the French garrison in Villefranche, but Inès was in love with a French officer, and warned him, after which the plot was discovered; her family was beheaded, but she was only sent to a convent.
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67:
200:, and died there after being imprisoned for decades. By 1927 the fort was sold, and for a while served as a retirement home for sailors. In 1984 it was sold to a group of local businessmen, and as of 1987, it is accessible to visitors. The fort, and the 734-step long underground staircase leading to it, is classified by the French state as a
303:
Initially, the fort was but poorly manned and equipped, and window coverings were installed so that the few pieces of artillery could be moved from one position to another, giving the impression of more weaponry than was actually present. At some point, though, there was a garrison of 100 people plus
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had sold the fort, and its new owner attempted to turn it into a retirement home for sailors. He razed the barracks on the first level of the fort in order to make a courtyard. Because of the difficult access for elderly people and its distance from the sea, his plan was not successful. It was again
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were both imprisoned at the fort. Guesdon died there in 1717, after 36 years of imprisonment; Chapelain died in 1724. In 1717, after the death of
Guesdon on 30 August 1717, Villefranche's commander noted that Guesdon had died, that originally there had been four women imprisoned there "for poison",
354:
It was reinforced under
Napoleon III, between 1850 and 1856. He ordered the construction of the underground staircase, 734 steps long, that leads to the village. 22 or more people died during construction. There is a window at the mid-point. Napoleon also had a battery of five
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and added six bastions and gate houses to it in 1679, but still considered it vulnerable, and decided to defend it with a fort on the hill called
Belloch, behind the city. Libéria was one of a number of forts Vauban built or redesigned between
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327:). The seemingly impregnable fort was captured quickly: Spanish troops set up artillery batteries on the rocks behind the fort, and it was forced to surrender. It was soon recaptured by French troops under
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towards the south, the side of the village. It deviates from other citadels forts by being completely adapted to the terrain. The underground staircase leading to the village dates from the age of
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296:; see belowLater, Libéria, which dominates the village from 160 meters above, was connected to the village by an underground staircase 734 steps long built between 1850 et 1853 on orders of
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189:. The fort was occupied by a garrison of 100 people and their officers, and equipped with ten cannons. It was only attacked once, and lost its military function in the 19th century.
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Le drame des poisons: études sur la société du XVII ̇siècle et plus particulièrement la cour de Louis XIV d'après les archives de la
Bastille
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359:
built from which the three roads to
Villefranche could be covered with guns. The fort was abandoned later in the 19th century. By 1927 the
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officers, and it was equipped with two 12-pound cannons, two 8-pound cannons, and six 4-pound cannons, each with 200 projectiles. The
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The fort is open to the public. Access is either on foot, via a sometimes steep road; by minibus; or by the subterranean staircase.
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On multiple occasions the fort served as a prison for women, with a "prison pour dame" equipped for the purpose. During the
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The fort was built between 1681 and 1683. It has two hexagons nested in one another, protected on the mountain side by a
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for food; she requested that her cellmate be given as much as she needed, and the remainder was to be used for prayer.
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and that one, "la
Chappelain", not less old than Guesdon, still remained. Guesdon, he noted, had managed to save up 45
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sold in 1957 and bought by Marcel Puy; in 1984, Puy signed it over to four businessmen from the city via an
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Vauban and the French
Military Under Louis XIV: An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Strategies
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The fort was tested only once during military conflict, in early August 1793, during the
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led Louis XIV to have a number of people implicated in it imprisoned for life through a
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Grand Sud
Insolite – La cité en bas, le fort en haut et un escalier-souterrain record
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799:"Les conspirations de 1674 en Roussillon : Villefranche et Perpignan"
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valleys, and were built with angular slopes to resist artillery.
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The Savage
Frontier: The Pyrenees in History and the Imagination
192:
It also functioned as a prison: two of the women accused in the
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169:. Constructed to defend the newly acquired territory of the
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withdrew from the area following the
Spanish defeat at the
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is a former military installation in the French commune of
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The fort Libéria was the backdrop for the 1959 film
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Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites
438:in April 2009. It is also classified as one of the
240:was divided between Spain and France following the
134:
126:
121:
84:
29:
659:"Fort Libéria (également sur commune de Fuilla)"
244:(1659). Vauban redesigned the fortification of
196:were locked up in the fort in 1682 by order of
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980:
718:"Villefrance de Conflent, La Tête et la Clef"
8:
1251:Monuments historiques of Pyrénées-Orientales
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680:
879:
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829:"La Prison des Dames – Affaire des Poisons"
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1090:
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528:List of castles in France § Occitanie
26:
960:Chemins de mémoire : Le fort Libéria
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351:that had been damaged by cannon fire.
277:) were to block access to the Têt and
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7:
948:, Ministère français de la Culture.
66:
891:(3 ed.), Hachette, p. 244
361:Direction de l'Immobilier de l'État
269:). These fortifications (including
860:. Editions Complexe. p. 142.
419:from her daily allotment of eight
157:, at the confluence of the rivers
25:
591:. The New Press. pp. 87–88.
857:1679-1682, l'affaire des poisons
716:Prats, Bernard (8 August 2007).
555:Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. (2009).
509:
497:
485:
473:
331:, and in August Spanish general
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58:
45:
1246:Vauban fortifications in France
688:"Souterrain des "1000 marches""
185:on a hill above the village of
1190:Palace of the Kings of Majorca
561:. McFarland. pp. 223–25.
343:, repairs were ordered to the
308:held 12,000 pounds of powder.
230:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
183:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
1:
1160:Gate of the Catalan Countries
434:The fort was classified as a
1185:Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret
339:. In the second year of the
228:The fort was constructed by
329:Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert
232:, the military engineer of
204:, and it is also listed by
177:(1659), it was designed by
1267:
1140:Château Royal de Collioure
998:UNESCO World Heritage Site
903:"Fortifications of Vauban"
516:Barracks for underofficers
341:French Republican calendar
267:Château Royal de Collioure
1120:
1003:
854:Lebigre, Arlette (2006).
315:The underground staircase
153:in the department of the
53:
44:
34:
1225:Villefranche-de-Conflent
1215:Themis solar power plant
1180:Mont-Louis Solar Furnace
1071:Villefranche-de-Conflent
996:Fortifications of Vauban
251:Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
246:Villefranche-de-Conflent
187:Villefranche-de-Conflent
151:Villefranche-de-Conflent
37:Villefranche-de-Conflent
1112:Visitor attractions in
815:10.3406/anami.1974.4877
634:Les Pyrénées Orientales
393:Villefranche Conspiracy
1220:Vermilion Coast Tracks
885:Funck-Brentano, Frantz
797:Marcet, Alice (1974).
769:"Fin XIX° à nos jours"
740:"Révolution Française"
585:Carr, Matthew (2018).
408:Madame de Brinvilliers
388:
387:The "prison des dames"
337:Battle of Peyrestortes
323:(a consequence of the
316:
288:. It has a triangular
242:Treaty of the Pyrenees
225:
175:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1062:Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue
400:Affair of the Poisons
386:
314:
223:
194:Affair of the Poisons
181:'s military engineer
1205:Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa
504:Chapel and courtyard
412:Magdelaine Chapelain
410:'s chambermaid) and
398:A decade later, the
1200:Perpignan Cathedral
1114:Pyrénées-Orientales
1013:Citadel of Besançon
663:Ministry of Culture
533:Monument historique
436:monument historique
428:Monument historique
321:War of the Pyrenees
210:World Heritage Site
202:monument historique
155:Pyrénées-Orientales
102: /
1150:Fort de Bellegarde
1125:Camp de Rivesaltes
1057:Saint-Martin-de-Ré
389:
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275:Fort de Bellegarde
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106:42.59°N 2.364722°E
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1175:Martin-du-Canigou
1170:Ligne de Cerdagne
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325:French Revolution
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16:(Redirected from
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1052:Neuf-Brisach
1042:Mont-Dauphin
942:Base Mérimée
922:
910:. Retrieved
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837:. Retrieved
833:Fort Liberia
832:
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777:. Retrieved
773:Fort Liberia
772:
748:. Retrieved
744:Fort Liberia
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722:. Retrieved
696:. Retrieved
692:Fort Liberia
691:
667:. Retrieved
638:. Retrieved
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492:Fort Libéria
454:
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444:
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397:
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349:sentry boxes
318:
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298:Napoléon III
294:Napoleon III
286:counterscarp
283:
255:Fort Lagarde
227:
191:
147:Fort Libéria
146:
145:
122:Site history
73:Fort Libéria
30:Fort Libéria
18:Fort Liberia
950:(in French)
835:(in French)
775:(in French)
746:(in French)
720:(in French)
694:(in French)
636:(in French)
373:emphyteusis
364: [
109: /
85:Coordinates
1240:Categories
1047:Mont-Louis
946:PA00104149
539:References
271:Mont-Louis
171:Roussillon
94:42°35′24″N
1195:Paulilles
1135:Castillet
357:casemates
259:Collioure
238:Catalonia
234:Louis XIV
198:Louis XIV
179:Louis XIV
130:1681-1683
97:2°21′53″E
1027:Briançon
887:(1900),
522:See also
456:Le Bossu
430:, access
345:parapets
306:magazine
236:, after
1130:Canigou
1066:Tatihou
912:15 July
839:15 July
779:15 July
750:11 July
724:11 July
698:15 July
669:15 July
640:11 July
467:Gallery
224:Citadel
216:History
1037:Longwy
907:UNESCO
864:
665:. 1992
595:
565:
379:Prison
290:donjon
257:) and
206:UNESCO
165:, and
139:Vauban
1165:GR 10
1018:Blaye
1008:Arras
459:, by
368:]
279:Segre
208:as a
163:Rotjà
127:Built
914:2021
862:ISBN
841:2021
781:2021
752:2021
726:2021
700:2021
671:2021
642:2021
593:ISBN
563:ISBN
421:sols
347:and
273:and
265:and
167:Cady
811:doi
159:Têt
1242::
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905:.
876:^
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807:86
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366:fr
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261:(
253:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
