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Acadians had lived in the St. John valley almost continuously since the early seventeenth century. After the
Conquest of Acadia (1710), Acadians migrated from peninsula Nova Scotia to the French-occupied Saint John River. These Acadians were seen as the most resistant to British rule in the region.
563:, conducted effective warfare along with the Mi'kmaq militia against New England throughout the colonial wars. As late as 1748, there were only twelve French-speaking families living on the river. The French built a fort at the mouth of the St. John River in April 1748. In the fall of 1748, after
682:
to take Fort
Menagoueche. Boishebert knew that he faced a superior force so he burned the fort and retreated up the river to undertake guerrilla warfare. The destruction of Fort Menagoueche left Louisbourg as the last French fort in Acadia. Boishebert made his first strike in the
1382:
649:), taking war supplies to the Saint John River for Boishébert at Fort Menagoueche. Cobb returned to Halifax with the news and was ordered by Governor Charles Lawrence to blockade the harbour until Captain William Kensey arrived in the warship
603:
1347:
1214:
1134:
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The fort was subsequently abandoned in 1751 by Sr. de Gaspe when the French reestablished their control and fortified the mouth of the Saint John River with Fort
Menagoueche. In 1749, Boishebert assigned Acadian
1176:
531:
405:
1154:
1149:
437:. The British quickly began to build other settlements. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French attacks on the new Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax (1749),
1119:
1159:
1387:
1129:
796:
Grenier, John. The Far
Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 2008; Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 7
507:
and up the St. John River. With the establishment of
Halifax, the French Canadians recognized at once the threat it represented and that the St. John River corridor might be used to attack
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1372:
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Within 18 months of establishing
Halifax, the British also took firm control of peninsula Nova Scotia by building fortifications in all the major Acadian communities: present-day
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1219:
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and moved further down the river to build Fort
Menagouche. With 65 Canadians and 120 natives, he rebuilt the ruined Fort St. Jean. Fort Menagoueche was effectively a fortified
1240:
1181:
1164:
847:
Campbell, Gary. The Road to Canada: The Grand
Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec. Goose Lane Editions and the New Brunswick Military Heritage Project. 2005, p. 25
1332:
1224:
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711:
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410:
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itself. To protect this vital gateway, at the beginning of 1749, the French strategically constructed three forts within 18 months along the route: one at Baie Verte (
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from landing to acquire an oath of allegiance. His rangers were fired upon and he took two Mi'kmaq prisoner. In 1749, at the beginning of
1337:
1317:
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route, but, in 1754, a road was built linking the two forts. Communication by sea was possible in the summer to Québec, Louisbourg and
433:
with 13 transports on June 21, 1749. Some Mi'kmaq believed the
British were violating earlier treaties (1726), which were signed after
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61:
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after withdrawing from the mouth of the Saint John River under the terms of an agreement arranged by
Captain
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Due to the succession of strategic French and British forts at this location, the site was designated a
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The St. John River residents had always proven effective at resisting the British. The
326:
225:
366:) (1751, destroyed 1755, present historic site) was a French fort at the mouth of the
1311:
1284:
1076:
481:
371:
329:
656:, and then to assist Kensey in capturing the French prize and taking it to Halifax.
627:
504:
421:
in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq.
877:
Georrery Plank. An Unsettled Conquest. University of Pennsylvania. 2001. p. 100.
811:
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and eventually burned it themselves as the French retreated after losing the
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539:(inset of A chart of the sea coasts of the peninsula of Nova Scotia, 1755)
607:
489:
313:
1383:
Forts or trading posts on the National Historic Sites of Canada register
694:, the British then reconstructed the fortress at St. John and named it
664:
484:). A British fort already existed at the other major Acadian centre of
902:"Selections from the public documents of the province of Nova Scotia"
888:"Documents relative to the colonial history of the state of New York"
668:
602:
manned by a small garrison. It was built in 1751 by the order of the
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212:
187:
128:
39:
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530:
404:
131:
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678:(1755), Robert Monckton sent a detachment under the command of
1348:
Buildings and structures in Westmorland County, New Brunswick
1022:
Oklahoma University Press.pp. 199-200; F. Thériault, p. 11
1020:
The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760.
836:
The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760.
390:. It was reconstructed as Fort Frederick by the British.
637:
In April 1755, while searching for a wrecked vessel at
547:
Monument to Fort Menagoueche, Saint John, New Brunswick
1039:
The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600-1763
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293:
257:
249:
244:
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175:
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137:
123:
86:
20:
1388:1751 establishments in the French colonial empire
917:"Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot, Charles"
1373:Military installations established in the 1750s
963:. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.).
779:Fort Charnisay National Historic Site of Canada
150:Fort Charnisay National Historic Site of Canada
925:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
764:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
749:
747:
712:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
659:Communication with Fort Beauséjour across the
411:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
376:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
262:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
1084:
8:
987:. Vol. II. Halifax: J. Barnes. p.
864:
862:
805:Wicken, p. 181; Griffith, p. 390; Also see
1091:
1077:
1069:
17:
1333:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
1358:National Historic Sites in New Brunswick
68:
743:
1368:Government buildings completed in 1751
808:"Northeast Archaeological Research --"
641:, Cobb discovered the French schooner
732:List of French forts in North America
567:, the Acadians and Mi'kmaq prevented
153:
145:
136:
7:
1062:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1057:Saint John Harbour Defensive Network
784:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1291:
984:A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie
756:"Aubert de Gaspé, Ignace-Philippe"
519:) and another at the mouth of the
14:
1100:National Historic Sites of Canada
957:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
919:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
904:. Halifax, N.S., C. Annand. 1869.
758:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
193:National Historic Sites of Canada
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1278:
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960:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
922:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
761:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
395:National Historic Site of Canada
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280:
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140:National Historic Site of Canada
67:
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1343:Military forts in New Brunswick
1328:Military history of New England
1323:Military history of Nova Scotia
380:Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé
277:Ignace-Philippe Aubert de Gaspé
1042:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 19.
787:. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
628:Joseph Godin dit Bellefontaine
583:at St. John. Boishébert built
579:rebuked British naval officer
1:
1378:French forts in North America
1018:. 2003. p. 31; John Grenier.
1014:Roger Sarty and Doug Knight.
1001:Roger Sarty and Doug Knight.
953:Blakeley, Phyllis R. (1974).
939:Roger Sarty and Doug Knight.
503:through Chignecto, along the
915:Leblanc, Phyllis E. (1979).
754:Castonguay, Jacques (1979).
690:With the decommissioning of
663:was at first via an ancient
495:The only land route between
486:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
965:University of Toronto Press
927:University of Toronto Press
766:University of Toronto Press
1404:
1338:Military history of Canada
1318:Military history of Acadia
838:Oklahoma University Press.
1249:
1135:Newfoundland and Labrador
1016:Saint John Fortifications
1003:Saint John Fortifications
941:Saint John Fortifications
676:Battle of Fort Beauséjour
492:remained without a fort.
374:, Canada. French Officer
166:
162:
55:
46:
28:Saint John, New Brunswick
25:
1363:Military forts in Acadia
1036:Chartrand, René (2008).
634:in the St. John Region.
409:Marquis de Boishébert -
856:Patterson, 1994, p. 131
717:St. John River Campaign
700:St. John River Campaign
604:Marquis de la Jonquière
1353:French forts in Canada
692:Fort Frederick (Maine)
674:Immediately after the
573:Father Le Loutre's War
548:
540:
423:Father Le Loutre's War
414:
384:Father Le Loutre's War
382:built the fort during
361:
1215:Northwest Territories
685:Battle of Petitcodiac
594:Boishebert abandoned
559:, from their base at
546:
534:
515:), one at Chignecto (
499:and Quebec went from
429:arrived to establish
408:
1177:Prince Edward Island
661:Isthmus of Chignecto
535:Fort Menagoueche by
523:(Fort Menagoueche).
417:Despite the British
388:Battle of Beausejour
108:45.2644°N 66.0736°W
104: /
1273:History portal
549:
541:
419:Conquest of Acadia
415:
200:Controlled by
1305:
1304:
1285:Canada portal
1049:978-1-84603-255-4
565:King George's War
435:Father Rale's War
427:Edward Cornwallis
351:
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113:45.2644; -66.0736
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810:. Archived from
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591:and Edward How.
557:Maliseet militia
474:Fort Vieux Logis
363:Fort Menagouèche
354:Fort Menagoueche
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722:Fort Boishebert
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612:Fort Beauséjour
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585:Fort Boishebert
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696:Fort Frederick
537:Charles Morris
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447:Fort Sackville
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368:St. John River
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1005:. 2003. p. 29
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943:. 2003. p. 27
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868:Plank, p. 164
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814:on 2013-05-14
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835:
816:. Retrieved
812:the original
801:
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639:Port La Tour
636:
630:to lead the
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494:
459:
455:Lawrencetown
416:
392:
362:
353:
352:
245:Site history
191:
15:
1296:WikiProject
1208:Territories
1192:Quebec City
1140:Nova Scotia
1102:by location
698:during the
608:way station
569:John Gorham
509:Quebec City
466:Fort Edward
453:(1753) and
425:began when
333:?-present:
314:Way Station
297:1751-1755:
294:In use
229:?-present:
203:1751-1755:
127:Historical
111: /
87:Coordinates
1312:Categories
818:2014-02-05
738:References
643:Marguerite
616:Louisbourg
577:Boishebert
501:Baie Verte
497:Louisbourg
449:) (1751),
155:Designated
99:66°04′25″W
96:45°15′52″N
1108:Provinces
680:John Rous
647:Margarett
600:warehouse
589:John Rous
581:John Rous
478:Chignecto
470:Grand-Pré
451:Lunenburg
439:Dartmouth
397:in 1923.
310:Warehouse
1260:Category
1187:Montreal
1155:Kingston
1150:Hamilton
1125:Manitoba
981:(1866).
706:See also
702:(1758).
610:between
561:Meductic
490:Cobequid
457:(1754).
441:(1750),
317:1758-?:
216:1758-?:
1220:Nunavut
1170:Toronto
1160:Niagara
1145:Ontario
1115:Alberta
890:. 1853.
665:portage
653:Vulture
462:Windsor
443:Bedford
431:Halifax
401:History
1241:France
1182:Quebec
1165:Ottawa
1046:
669:France
620:Québec
476:) and
413:(1753)
358:French
346:Museum
343:Canada
340:
324:
307:France
304:
288:France
285:
273:France
270:
239:Canada
236:
223:
213:France
210:
188:Canada
185:
129:French
40:Canada
37:
1225:Yukon
606:as a
250:Built
176:Owner
1044:ISBN
651:HMS
618:and
614:and
378:and
330:Fort
253:1751
158:1923
132:Fort
124:Type
989:258
468:);
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861:^
827:^
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575:,
488:.
370:,
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1092:e
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1065:.
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991:.
967:.
929:.
821:.
768:.
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