Knowledge (XXG)

Fort Terry

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637: 598: 51: 625:, mortally wounded in the Battle of Chickamauga, GA, died on 23 Sep 1863. Battery Dimick was named in honor of Justin E. Dimick, an artillery officer mortally wounded in the Battle of Chancellorsville, VA, died on 5 May 1863. Battery Eldridge was named in honor of Capt. Bogardus Eldridge, U.S. Infantry, who was killed in action at Bocoor, Philippine Islands, 2 Oct 1899. Battery Dalliba was named in honor of Bvt. Major James Dalliba, assistant commissary of 691:. The Coast Artillery Corps manned almost all US heavy and railway artillery in that war, with stateside forts reduced to a minimum garrison to provide gun crews in France. The forts were also important as mobilization and training centers. The four 6-inch guns of Batteries Floyd and Dimick were dismounted in 1917, to be mounted on field carriages for service in France. The pair of 5-inch guns of Battery Kelly were apparently remounted at 958:, and a slew of miscellaneous exotic animal diseases. Among the miscellaneous diseases were 11 other animal pathogens. Shortly before the handover of the facility to the Department of Agriculture in 1954, Fort Terry's mission was altered. The number of pathogens studied was reduced to two, rinderpest and FMD, and the mission was changed to "defensive" research of those two diseases. 58: 670:
post during the Spanish–American War, and it was intended to attack enemy ships as they headed toward New York City. Organized in 1907, it was initially manned by the 133rd Company, Coast Artillery Corps, organized in 1907. In 1916, they were re-designated as the 3d Company, and continued to serve in
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In 1898, before any of Fort Terry's batteries were completed, the Spanish–American War broke out. It was feared the Spanish fleet would bombard the US east coast. A number of weapons were purchased from the UK and hastily mounted to give the nascent fort system some modern armament. By March 1898 a
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until scrapped in 1919. The 6-inch guns appear to have arrived in France, but for lack of training time none of the 5-inch or 6-inch batteries saw action in that war. The guns were never returned to Fort Terry. In 1918 four of Battery Stoneman's mortars were removed; this was to improve reloading
617:, U.S. Army, who served with distinction during the Mexican–American War and the U.S. Civil War, and who died on 12 Jan 1868. Battery Bradford was named on March 13, 1902, in honor of Captain James Bradford, U.S. Artillery, who was killed on November 4, 1791, in action with hostile Indians at 720:
for New York identified 133 people living on Fort Terry. In 1930 the Justice Department conducted a study on building a 1000-cell prison on the island, but it was deemed impractical and was not built. In 1932–34, the 3-inch gun batteries Hagner, Greble, and Campbell were disarmed.
879:, originally known as Combined Torpedo Storehouse and Cable Tanks building. The lab was not completed by the time the Chemical Corps transferred the fort to the USDA but it and the rest of the remodeled buildings were eventually incorporated into the civilian facility. 874:
When the Chemical Corps took control of Fort Terry, in 1952, it required the remodeling of 18 original buildings on post. The Army had been developing plans for the animal disease facility at Fort Terry since 1951. A laboratory was planned for the circa 1911
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Fort Terry's Chemical Corps installation covered three acres and included many of the amenities traditionally associated with U.S. military installations. Included on the grounds were various administration buildings, laboratories, a dock, a motor pool, a
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under FORT TERRY POW SUB-STA number C02NY0619 as accepting bids, with $ 12,000 "cost up to date" for historical clean up. It is listed as "no further action", that is, no cleanup is needed under the FUDS cleanup program, no DOD-related hazards present.
203:. Despite the new civilian control, the biological warfare mission continued until 1969, when the US officially ended offensive BW research. The island is now being considered for sale or conversion to a wildlife refuge. Fort Terry was listed on the 941:
The original anti-animal biological warfare research mission at Fort Terry was "to establish and pursue a program of research and development of certain anti-animal biological warfare agents". The first agent that was a candidate for development was
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On 16 May 2016, the House unanimously passed “Save, Don’t Sell Plum Island”, Bill H.R. 1887 reversing the 2008 decision to put the island up for sale which would have led to future development and, ultimately, the destruction of the island.
2459: 716:(Antiaircraft)) as their summer encampment and training location. The gun and machine gun battalions worked on night firing solutions at aerial balloon targets, tracked by the searchlight battalion. In 1930 the 2361: 696:
time as reloading four mortars simultaneously in one pit was cumbersome. Many of the mortars removed under this program became railway artillery, but none of these were shipped to France during the war.
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for both the guns and the minefield. The grounds also had a functional 36" gauge railroad built in 1914. The Porter locomotive was used to haul munitions from bunkers to the artillery batteries.
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in 1969. Most of the original buildings and batteries still stand today and in many cases have been incorporated in one way or another into the island's new role as a disease research center.
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for a coat, a barrel of biscuits and 100 fishhooks. The original fort was constructed after the federal government acquired Plum Island from Abraham S. Hewitt, a former mayor of
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formed a Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) which noted that many of the island's structures, including those at Fort Terry, could qualify for listing on the U.S.
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were the main areas of research. When the decision to use the Fort as a research facility was planned, it was envisioned that it would be staffed by less than 20 personnel.
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After World War II it was determined that gun coast defenses were obsolete. In 1948, the fort was once again declared surplus and disarmed with all guns scrapped.
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Alexandra Cella, “An Overview of Plum Island: History, Research and Effects on Long Island,” Long Island Historical Journal 16, no.1-2 (2003- 4): 176-181.
890:. It was then staffed by at least 9 military and 8 civilian employees. Most of the disease research done by the USDA focused on biological warfare until 260:
through World War II. The initial federal purchase was for 150 acres; however, the rest of the island was turned over to the federal government in 1901.
636: 2356: 2351: 1892: 1306: 1002: 895: 652: 629:, who served 1811-1824 and died 8 Nov 1832. Battery Greble was named in honor of 1st Lt. John Greble, 2nd US Artillery, killed in action at the 2429: 2346: 1327: 921:
A 2008 DHS report recommended that the remnants of Fort Terry, its buildings and batteries, be opened to the public and preserved. The Town of
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in April 1917, changes were made at the stateside forts with a view to putting some coast artillery weapons into the fight on the
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remains from the area's tenure as an artillery post. Fort Terry's guns were superseded by the pair of 16-inch batteries at
2290: 1398: 1479: 907: 324: 613:, who served with distinction during the U.S. Civil War, died 5 Sep 1894. Battery Steele was named in honor of Bvt. MG 265: 2439: 1962: 1633: 717: 688: 2444: 2385: 2012: 1967: 729:
During World War II, the post was put to use as a training facility and supply depot. and as a look-out for German
1269: 737:. On 7 December 1941, the fort was listed as manned by the 242nd Coast Artillery Regiment (Harbor Defense) of the 2366: 2280: 1655: 450: 269: 1170: 708:
in caretaker status. Two anti-aircraft batteries with two guns each were built in 1920, probably armed with the
257: 229: 852: 848: 1377: 1363: 1062: 191:. This strategic position afforded it a commanding view over the Atlantic entrance to the commercially vital 1672: 704:
Following the end of World War I, Fort Terry was declared surplus and put under the control of personnel at
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Battery Steele was unusual in that the two 10-inch gun emplacements are on different levels on a hillside.
2123: 2022: 943: 860: 184: 180: 33: 1121: 2331: 2260: 2194: 2174: 1748: 1521: 1128:, Fall 2003/Spring 2004, Vol. 16, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 176-181 (194-199 in PDF), accessed January 10, 2009. 1025: 648: 2371: 2098: 1772: 630: 1324: 1258: 2305: 2255: 2209: 2204: 2184: 2159: 2103: 1047: 955: 2326: 2295: 2169: 2164: 1931: 1926: 1744: 1175: 922: 914:
In June 2003, the responsibility for Plum Island facilities was transferred from the USDA to the
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Combating Bioterrorism: Actions Needed to Improve Security at Plum Island Animal Disease Center
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by 1944, so all except the four 3-inch guns of Batteries Eldridge and Dalliba were scrapped.
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Vintage postcard sent in 1909 showing 10-inch cannon firing from ramparts at Fort Terry, N.Y.
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National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility Environmental Impact Statement - Scoping Report
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Lab 257: The Disturbing Story of the Government's Secret Plum Island Germ Laboratory
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was mounted at Battery Kelly under this program. It was later transferred to the
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Pg 13132 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 52 / Thursday, March 18, 2010 / Notices
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As of August 2001, the fort and all of Plum Island was listed for sale with the
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New York: Properties Identified for Potential Inclusion in FUDS Cleanup Program
2042: 1681:, February 2008, pp. 3-8 to 3-9 (pp. 27-28 in PDF), accessed January 10, 2009. 1483: 951: 868: 287:
Between 1897 and 1906 the following batteries were constructed at Fort Terry:
281: 277: 225: 2400: 2387: 99: 86: 2133: 2128: 1946: 1936: 1768: 1539: 746: 667: 1630: 859:(BW) research aimed at enemy livestock. Anti-animal agents rinderpest and 236:, for $ 25,000. It is not clear how Hewitt became owner of the property. 2047: 1992: 1911: 1650: 742: 330: 221: 1122:
An Overview of Plum Island: History, Research and Effects on Long Island
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During World War II the following batteries were built at Fort Terry:
2052: 1338:, Vol. 30, No. 4, October 2003, pp. 5, 26, accessed January 10, 2009. 1214: 655:. By 1914 the fort had 11 gun batteries and facilities to control an 272:
in New Jersey, possibly in 1903. A pair of emplacements for modern
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As an artillery post, Fort Terry was heavily armed as part of the
635: 621:, Ohio. Battery Floyd was named in honor of 2nd Lt. Robert Floyd, 596: 199:(BW) research facility, moving to civilian control in 1954 as the 2460:
National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York
1364:"U.S.Army Air Defense Artillery Brigades Patches History Page 1" 1146:", New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center, 871:, a hospital, a fire station, staff housing and animal housing. 1865: 1193:, Vol. 7, pp. 3778–3780, Washington: Government Printing Office 1465: 1191:
Report of the Commission on the Conduct of the War with Spain
1392:"Coast Artillery Journal, April 1930 at Sill-www.army.mil" 601:
Vintage postcard pre-1915 showing view of Fort Terry, N.Y.
1640:. Government Accounting Office n.d. retrieved 25 May 2016 671:
that capacity throughout World War I. Lieutenant Colonel
886:(USDA) took over the island, and began to use it as the 741:. Today, on the east side of Plum Island, a network of 651:. The Army's forts of this type were garrisoned by the 256:, and was expanded several times from the time of the 2450:
Buildings and structures in Suffolk County, New York
855:. It was small and focused primarily on anti-animal 2314: 2228: 2152: 2071: 1955: 1899: 1048:
Plum Island Case Statement at HuntingtonAudobon.org
851:facility. As such, it was under the control of the 160: 148: 138: 130: 125: 115: 78: 18: 1336:United States Animal Health Association Newsletter 1246:"New York Forts at American Forts Network: page 8" 1091:"USCG Aids to Navigation Team, Long Island Sound" 1787:(Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. 1659:, September 19, 2003, accessed January 10, 2008. 1179:, September 11, 2005, accessed January 10, 2009. 659:. In addition the post was home to an advanced 1844:Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 1604:), APH Publishing Corporation, 2004, p. 197, ( 1282:"Fourth Regt of Artillery at history.army.mil" 1877: 1785:American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide 1320: 1318: 1316: 8: 1804:Seacoast Fortifications of the United States 1270:Lineage and Honors, 1/5 Field Artillery Regt 1077:, April 26, 2004, accessed January 10, 2009. 675:was in command of the post in August, 1915. 228:Indian tribes the Plum Island was "sold" to 1693:"Congress Votes to Protect Plum Island! by" 1431:History of the Coast Artillery Corps in WWI 1325:1669-2003: A Partial History of Plum Island 1240: 1238: 1236: 1884: 1870: 1862: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1592: 1590: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1148:NYS Division of Military and Naval Affairs 1138: 1136: 1134: 1085: 1083: 15: 1667: 1665: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1057: 1055: 847:Beginning April 15, 1952, it served as a 284:, but these seem to have not been armed. 1893:United States biological weapons program 1695:. New York League of Conservation Voters 1307:"James Dalliba • Cullum's Register • 61" 1227:"Fort Terry at NY State Military Museum" 1003:United States Army Coast Artillery Corps 758: 289: 2455:1897 establishments in New York (state) 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1013: 605:Battery Stoneman was named in honor of 248:, began construction in 1897 under the 154:1952-54 (as military research facility) 1496: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1156: 998:Seacoast defense in the United States 156:1954-?(as civilian research facility) 143:United States Army Corps of Engineers 7: 1850:), Harvard University Press, 2006, ( 1726:), HarperCollins, 2004, pp. 45-48, ( 1259:Plum Island topo map at Topozone.com 927:National Register of Historic Places 916:U.S. Department of Homeland Security 254:Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound 244:Fort Terry, named for Major General 205:National Register of Historic Places 26:Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound 1806:. Annapolis: Leeward Publications. 649:Coast Defenses of Long Island Sound 2342:Korean War bio-warfare allegations 57: 14: 2337:Soviet biological weapons program 2301:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 2236:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs 1063:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 983:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 888:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 201:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 1540:"United States Army, Dec 7 1941" 1480:"Page Not Found : USDA ARS" 1452:"A History of Portsmouth Armory" 1189:Congressional serial set, 1900, 56: 49: 2357:U.S. biological defense program 2352:U.S. biological weapons program 1802:Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979). 1678:Department of Homeland Security 1522:"What's Ahead for Plum Island?" 739:Connecticut Army National Guard 685:American entry into World War I 179:was a coastal fortification on 1126:Long Island Historical Journal 993:242nd Coast Artillery Regiment 884:U.S. Department of Agriculture 714:197th Coast Artillery Regiment 1: 2430:Biological warfare facilities 2291:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere 1783:Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). 988:11th Coast Artillery Regiment 833:1942–1943, on Battery Steele 1823:World War II Order of Battle 1691:Mike Shelter (21 May 2016). 908:Government Accounting Office 325:12-inch coast defense mortar 2286:Horn Island Testing Station 1821:Stanton, Shelby L. (1991). 1150:, accessed January 9, 2009. 937:Biological warfare research 276:guns on modified 1870s-era 240:Endicott period (1895-1916) 152:1898-1946 (as coastal fort) 2476: 1215:Fort Terry at FortWiki.com 809:two fixed T3/M3, two towed 609:(Bvt.) Major General (MG) 280:were also built at nearby 183:, a small island just off 2425:Forts in New York (state) 2367:War Bureau of Consultants 2281:Granite Peak Installation 1656:General Accounting Office 1506:Cite uses generic title ( 270:Sandy Hook Proving Ground 44: 31: 23: 1771:, Teschers disease, and 896:U.S. bio-weapons program 849:U.S. Army Chemical Corps 666:Fort Terry served as an 1775:. See, Wheelis, p. 226. 266:4.7 inch/45 caliber gun 234:New London, Connecticut 2435:Plum Island (New York) 2153:Operations and testing 2124:Flettner rotor bomblet 1743:pathogens. These were 944:foot and mouth disease 861:foot and mouth disease 641: 602: 185:Orient Point, New York 2401:41.18000°N 72.19500°W 2332:Entomological warfare 2261:Dugway Proving Ground 2195:Operation Magic Sword 2175:Operation Dark Winter 1749:Bovine virus diarrhea 1552:Stanton, pp. 456, 470 1026:National Park Service 843:Animal disease center 653:Coast Artillery Corps 639: 600: 220:First “owned” by the 100:41.18000°N 72.19500°W 2372:War Research Service 2362:U.S. bio-weapons ban 2099:E48 particulate bomb 1773:vesicular stomatitis 1747:, Bovine influenza, 1718:Carroll, Michael C. 790:shielded barbette M4 657:underwater minefield 631:Battle of Big Bethel 258:Spanish–American War 70:Location in New York 2406:41.18000; -72.19500 2397: /  2306:Vigo Ordnance Plant 2256:Deseret Test Center 2210:Operation Whitecoat 2205:Operation Polka Dot 2185:Operation Drop Kick 2160:Operation Sea-Spray 1596:Chauhan, Sharad S. 1171:Target: Plum Island 1120:Cella, Alexandra. " 956:African swine fever 661:fire control system 105:41.18000; -72.19500 96: /  2440:Southold, New York 2327:Biological warfare 2296:Pine Bluff Arsenal 2170:Operation Big Itch 2165:Operation Big Buzz 1927:Enterotoxin type B 1636:2011-06-29 at the 1598:Biological Weapons 1528:. 25 January 2009. 1526:The New York Times 1330:2009-03-09 at the 1176:The New York Times 923:Southold, New York 857:biological warfare 642: 603: 436:disappearing M1903 413:disappearing M1903 388:disappearing M1898 197:biological warfare 38:Southold, New York 2445:Long Island Sound 2380: 2379: 2200:Operation May Day 2084:E133 cluster bomb 1956:Researched agents 1900:Weaponized agents 1825:. Galahad Books. 1813:978-0-929521-11-4 1794:978-0-9748167-3-9 1765:Newcastle disease 1745:Blue tongue virus 1074:The Baltimore Sun 948:Rift Valley fever 837: 836: 793:1944-Never armed 693:Fort H. G. Wright 595: 594: 356:10-inch gun M1888 193:Long Island Sound 174: 173: 2467: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2322:Biological agent 2144:M33 cluster bomb 2119:E96 cluster bomb 2114:E86 cluster bomb 2109:E77 balloon bomb 1886: 1879: 1872: 1863: 1836: 1817: 1798: 1776: 1757:goat pneumonitis 1741: 1735: 1716: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1688: 1682: 1669: 1660: 1647: 1641: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1594: 1585: 1578: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1482:. Archived from 1476: 1470: 1469: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1397:. Archived from 1396: 1388: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1345: 1339: 1322: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1284:. 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Wright 700:Between the wars 623:3rd US Artillery 615:Frederick Steele 579:3-inch gun M1903 556:3-inch gun M1903 533:3-inch gun M1903 510:3-inch gun M1903 486:3-inch gun M1903 459:5-inch gun M1900 433:6-inch gun M1903 409:6-inch gun M1903 384:6-inch gun M1897 290: 278:Rodman carriages 250:Endicott Program 111: 110: 108: 107: 106: 101: 97: 94: 93: 92: 89: 60: 59: 53: 40: 16: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2415: 2414: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2376: 2310: 2224: 2220:Project Bacchus 2148: 2067: 1951: 1947:Wheat stem rust 1895: 1890: 1833: 1820: 1814: 1801: 1795: 1782: 1779: 1742: 1738: 1717: 1708: 1698: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1670: 1663: 1648: 1644: 1638:Wayback Machine 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1595: 1588: 1582:Deadly Cultures 1579: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1441:Stanton, p. 466 1440: 1436: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1332:Wayback Machine 1323: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1268: 1264: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1243: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1213: 1198: 1187: 1183: 1165: 1154: 1141: 1132: 1119: 1098: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1061:Bleyer, Bill. " 1060: 1053: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1011: 964: 939: 904: 845: 727: 702: 681: 673:Andrew Hero, Jr 633:, 10 Jun 1861. 611:George Stoneman 252:as part of the 242: 218: 213: 167: 155: 153: 120:Coastal Defense 104: 102: 98: 95: 90: 87: 85: 83: 82: 74: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 66: 65: 61: 32: 12: 11: 5: 2473: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2417: 2416: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2347:List of topics 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2316: 2315:Related topics 2312: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 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257 2241:Building 101 2139:M143 bomblet 2094:E23 munition 2089:E14 munition 2079:E120 bomblet 2063:Yellow fever 1983:Dengue fever 1848:Google Books 1843: 1822: 1803: 1784: 1761:mycobacteria 1739: 1724:Google Books 1719: 1697:. Retrieved 1686: 1676: 1654: 1645: 1626: 1617: 1602:Google Books 1597: 1581: 1548: 1534: 1525: 1516: 1488:. Retrieved 1484:the original 1474: 1460: 1446: 1437: 1426: 1417: 1406:. Retrieved 1399:the original 1386: 1372: 1362:brown, bob. 1357: 1343: 1335: 1301: 1290:. 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Index

Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound
Plum Island
Southold, New York
Fort Terry is located in New York
41°10′48″N 72°11′42″W / 41.18000°N 72.19500°W / 41.18000; -72.19500
Coastal Defense
United States Army Corps of Engineers
World War I
World War II
Plum Island
Orient Point, New York
United States
Long Island Sound
biological warfare
Plum Island Animal Disease Center
National Register of Historic Places
Corchaug
Montaukett
Samuel Wyllys
New London, Connecticut
Alfred Terry
Endicott Program
Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound
Spanish–American War
4.7 inch/45 caliber gun
Sandy Hook Proving Ground
8-inch M1888
Rodman carriages
Fort Tyler
Stoneman

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