742:
fotonovela as informational pamphlets. The fotonovelas produced by these organizations present information in a variety of illustrated forms but usually contain a summation of key points at the end. Health educators have also utilized the fotonovela because the medium overcomes issues of health literacy, which is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process and understand basic health information to make appropriate health decisions, in their target audience. Most providers believe that health education materials designed specifically for patients with low health literacy would be helpful: however, written educational materials found in most health settings have been deemed to have serious deficiencies.
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the screenplays. They are a cost-effective way to adapt films and TV series into comics without the expense of commissioning illustrations, and were a way for consumers to revisit motion-picture stories before the widespread availability of affordable home recording and video playback equipment such as VCRs.
728:
In the United States, one of the common uses of photo comics has been TV and film adaptations, usually abridged for length. Still frames from the film or video are reproduced, often in simple grids but sometimes with creative layouts and cropping, overlaid with balloons with abbreviated dialogue from
641:
During the 1970s, lines of
American paperback books were marketed as "Fotonovels" and "Photostories", adapting popular films and television shows. Although home video largely supplanted this market in the 1980s, a small number of photo comic adaptations continued to be produced as promotional tie-ins
741:
in
Spanish-language culture makes photo comics an effective vehicle for health promotion and health education. Since the small pamphlets can be traded among individuals, they possess an element of portability that traditional materials lack. Both health and non-health entities have utilized the
49:
714:
Software applications such as Comic Life, Comic Strip It, and Strip
Designer, which allow users to add word balloons and sound effects to their personal photos and incorporate them into storytelling layouts, have revived some interest in the medium.
1029:
et al. frequently used the photo comics format for interviews and other features, notably in the case of two full-length photo comics "The Legend of Nick
Detroit" (#6, October 1976), and "Mutant Monster Beach Party" (#15, July/August
493:
Although far less common than illustrated comics, photo comics have filled certain niches in various places and times. For example, they have been used to adapt popular film and television works into print, tell original
710:
episodes – produced a series of "photonovel adventures" which combined stills from the series with original digitally rendered background illustrations and new dialogue, to produce new stories featuring the characters.
1919:
Schlichting, J., Quinn, M., Heuer, L., Schaefer, C., Drum, M., and Chin, M. (2007). Provider perception of limited health literacy in community health centers., Patient
Education & Counseling, vol. 69(1-3),
3859:
477:
using photographs rather than illustrations for the images, along with the usual comics conventions of narrative text and word balloons containing dialogue. They are sometimes referred to in
English as
2410:
651:
in the 1980s, and a few are still published. There are a number of photo newspaper strips in the UK and the form was popular in girl's comics in the 1980s. Boy's comics of the early 1980s such as
546:, and came to be associated primarily with film and television adaptations, which were marketed using those terms. Variations such as "photo funnies" and "photostories" have also been used.
3673:
1385:
1369:
615:
movie adaptations circulating in Latin
America and nearly three times as many original works. They remained popular in Mexico into the late 1980s, when 70 million copies of
3874:
3661:
3864:
1361:
1873:
U.S. Food and Drug
Administration. (2003). Carlos’ Tragic and Mysterious Illness – how Carlos almost died by eating contaminated raw oysters, College Park: MD.
3678:
1929:
Demir, F., Ozsaker, E., and Ilce, A.. (2008). The quality and suitability of written educational materials, Journal of
Clinical Nursing, vol.17 (2), 259-265.
526:
in
English referring specifically to that technique. By extension, comics which use a mixture of photographic and illustrated imagery have been described as
3625:
1082:
498:, and provide medical education. Photo comics have been popular at times in Italy and Latin America, and to a lesser extent in English-speaking countries.
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1162:
3907:
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magazine, which ran humorous photo stories from 1960 to 1965. Similar "Foto Funnies" – often featuring female nudity – were a regular feature of
3826:
1829:
3241:
2512:
2442:
1278:
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1293:
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The technique spread to Latin America, first adapting popular films, then for original stories. By the 1960s, there were about two dozen
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412:
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693:
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1114:
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by Stephen Saperstein Frug, which used color photographs, sometimes intentionally blurred, to tell the story of a character with
1804:
3917:
3757:
3615:
1329:
1259:
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ran from 1966 through 1969, and was reprinted in other countries; it has been reprinted and revived numerous times since then.
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1321:
706:
100:
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1234:
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1337:
450:
1637:
4029:
2810:
2762:
2483:
2117:
1226:
1146:
634:
490:, and similar terms. The photographs may be of real people in staged scenes, or posed dolls and other toys on sets.
3811:
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570:
2068:
3411:
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is a French cartoonist who takes photographs or makes photocopies, which he then changes with colors and pencil.
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2615:
1700:
162:
2022:
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3722:
3715:
3594:
3330:
3014:
2913:
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1313:
1090:
518:), which refers in that language to any kind of comics. Because of the popularity of photo comics in Italy,
443:
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3879:
3747:
3683:
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3251:
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3156:
3098:
3091:
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657:
2518:
1997:
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1393:
1353:
1098:
402:
392:
247:
1492:"John Kenneth Muir's Reflections on Cult Movies and Classic TV: Retro Toy Flashback # 16: Photonovels"
775:
Twisted Kaiju Theater by Sean McGuinness, a webcomic which uses various Godzilla and other kaiju toys.
696:
gave the first award for "Outstanding Photographic Comic". In 2010 and 2011 the bilingual photo comic
4024:
3884:
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2798:
2647:
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1242:
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356:
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was nominated for the "Web-Sonderman"-Awards for the best German webcomic. In the 2010s, cartoonist
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200:
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3118:
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2600:
2508:
2438:
2165:
2141:
2118:"Urbanus (De Stripheld) / Unieke Albums / Urbanus Luxe Albums Met Plaat / 50. De Hete Urbanus"
1837:
1780:
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1587:
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1377:
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376:
346:
336:
211:
172:
105:
42:
38:
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mini-series written by Alex Finch and starring Ian Lane, Chloe Taylor and Christopher Denton.
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3320:
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3019:
2957:
1907:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment – Office of Health Disparities (2008).
1409:
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1202:
880:
834:
791:
759:
628:
604:
580:
538:– referring to popular photo-comics melodramas in Latin America – was adapted in English as
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331:
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237:
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54:
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3171:
3004:
2989:
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2539:
1897:"The Agua Pura Fotonovela Project: Latino Community Engagement in Water Quality Education"
1751:
1401:
1170:
1021:
779:
623:
506:
The terminology used to describe photo comics is somewhat inconsistent and idiosyncratic.
417:
274:
259:
254:
1300:
2307:"Anime-zing! Announces Cristina Vee and Trevor Mueller [4319] | Convention News"
2189:
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86:
78:
31:
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Photo comics emerged in Italy in the 1940s and expanded into the 1950s. (Actress
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2727:
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2637:
2622:
2353:
1154:
1138:
1052:
957:
819:
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366:
157:
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48:
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2411:"An Ithaca Comic Experience: Another locally produced, locally set comic book"
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73:
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17:
2434:
Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime (A MusiComic Manifesto)
2389:
622:
Photo comics first became successful in the United States and Canada with
3762:
3151:
2772:
2757:
2669:
1861:
1065:
810:
667:
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refers to several genres of photo comics, including original melodramas.
523:
177:
591:
appearing in sequential photographs, telling jokes (presumably from the
2674:
2652:
1701:"Italy's Fumetti: Curiously Sophisticated Pulp Comics - Print Magazine"
1014:
895:
889:
661:
also experimented with photo comics but without much success; when the
182:
121:
1727:
3389:
3348:
3066:
2562:
1977:
321:
309:
65:
30:"Fumetto" and "Fumetti" redirect here. For comics made in Italy, see
1939:
602:
worked for a time as a model.) The lurid Italian crime photo comic
3377:
2767:
2026:
1998:"'Alien Loves Predator' Creator Reviews 'Alien vs. Predator' Game"
1061:
922:
once made a one-shot photo comic strip parodying their own series
754:
304:
47:
1612:
2505:
The film photonovel: a cultural history of forgotten adaptations
2458:
1681:"The Art of Fotoromanzo on View at Casa Italiana Zerilli Marimo"
908:
787:
figurines and sets, as well as speech balloons and caption boxes
784:
767:
3860:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
2535:
1978:"Alien Loves Predator: In New York, no one can hear you scream"
1773:"Comicpreis Sondermann 2010: Vorsicht, freilaufende Frisuren!"
906:
made some one-shot photo comics in the 1980s for the magazine
849:
2047:
1805:"IDW's John Byrne Photonovel, Made Out of Mudd, Out Dec. 10"
2142:"Urbanus (De Komiek) / Fotostrips / De Lastige Krapuultjes"
1957:
2286:"Trevor Mueller from @$ $ hole! - 144 | Two Geeks Talking"
2531:
2432:
1475:
Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
569:
There were attempts at photo comics in the early days of
514:
word (literally "little puffs of smoke", in reference to
58:, an Italian photo comic series published since the 1960s
1477:, Bloomsbury, 2014, p. 1821 ("Webcomics and New Media").
692:
are more recent examples of photo comics. In 2007, the
2484:"To Boldly Go Where No Screen Capture Has Gone Before"
1864:. Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, 4, 84-94.
645:
Photo comics were common in British magazines such as
783:, stories from the Bible illustrated using photos of
37:"Fotonovela" redirects here. For the 2008 film, see
3898:
3850:
3804:
3797:
3776:
3696:
3639:
3608:
3577:
3568:
3548:
3437:
3341:
3291:
3275:
3266:
3195:
3142:
2982:
2971:
2904:
2877:
2824:
2791:
2736:
2700:
2578:
1011:Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime
3875:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
1639:The Comics Journal Library: Zap — The Interviews
704:– inspired by 1970s photo comics adaptations of
665:was revamped, former photo comic strips such as
3674:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
928:with themselves dressed up as their characters.
3865:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3753:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
549:In Italian, a photo comic is referred to as a
2547:
1485:
1483:
451:
8:
1884:Using Fiction in a Real Fight Against Drugs.
1830:"Transforming Your Photos Into Comic Strips"
2507:, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019,
2166:"Urbanus (De Komiek) / Fotostrips / Nestor"
1496:reflectionsonfilmandtelevision.blogspot.com
846:by Anthony van Winkle and Eli Black-Mizuta.
595:scripts) with speech bubbles superimposed.
573:in the United States; as early as 1927 the
557:). In Spanish-speaking countries, the term
3913:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3801:
3711:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
3574:
3272:
2979:
2788:
2554:
2540:
2532:
2437:. Stanford University Press. p. 488.
2069:"Comic Book Review: The Chefs of Death #1"
1909:Glossary of a Few Key Public Health Terms.
1317:published by West Cape Corporation in 1983
987:The work of Dutch Internet artist Kakhiel.
458:
444:
61:
3908:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3822:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2523:NECSUS: European Journal of Media Studies
1636:Groth, Gary; Dean, Michael (2015-01-15).
1182:(1986), adapted by Robert and Louise Egan
3870:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
2324:
2322:
1490:Muir, John Kenneth (10 November 2005).
1466:
638:magazine beginning in the early 1970s.
384:
190:
134:
113:
85:
64:
1882:Associated Press (2006, November 24).
1452:, an alternative term for photo comics
3728:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
1895:Marzolla, A. and Yau, A. (2007, Nov)
1721:
1719:
1717:
1675:
1673:
1255:, edited by Richard J. Anobile (1980)
7:
3679:Comics solicited but never published
2390:"Happenstance: a photographic novel"
1860:Flora, C. (1985). The fotonovela in
1582:
1580:
1578:
867:by Dutch comics artist Ype Driessen.
3999:
3827:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3817:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
1007:(the inability to recognize faces).
2519:"The photo-novel, a minor medium?"
2048:"Night Zero: A Photographic Novel"
1563:www.paladinknightentertainment.com
1123:Close Encounters of the Third Kind
25:
671:continued as illustrated strips.
530:("half" fumetti). Meanwhile, the
3998:
3989:
3988:
3977:
3965:
3928:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3842:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3743:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1752:"Outstanding Photographic Comic"
1588:"Star Trek Fotonovels (1977-78)"
1434:
1325:– Twelve episodes were adapted.
1273:(Many marketed as "Fotonovels")
1039:(Many marketed as "Fotonovels")
427:
72:
3758:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
1330:The City on the Edge of Forever
1260:Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
1083:Buck Rogers in the 25th Century
950:Christopher's Punctured Romance
3832:Comic Art Professional Society
2572:Glossary of comics terminology
2067:Brown, Jason (July 11, 2023).
1559:"Paladin Knight Entertainment"
1264:, by Richard J. Anobile (1982)
1163:Invasion of the Body Snatchers
737:The widespread familiarity of
694:Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards
1:
3923:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
1771:Pannor, Stefan (2010-09-03).
1251:Star Trek: The Motion Picture
1235:The Rocky Horror Picture Show
1115:Cheech and Chong's Next Movie
192:Comics by country and culture
3837:National Cartoonists Society
3626:Based on television programs
1338:Where No Man Has Gone Before
3768:Words & Pictures Museum
2459:"PunkMagazine.com Homepage"
1227:Revenge of the Pink Panther
766:consists of photographs of
4056:
3812:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3784:Center for Cartoon Studies
3706:Belgian Comic Strip Center
1667:, December 13, 1927, p. 32
1413:, published September 1978
1048:(1979 film) (large format)
36:
29:
3960:
3918:Club des bandes dessinées
3652:Best-selling comic series
3230:Portrayal of black people
2569:
2488:bullyscomics.blogspot.com
2482:Bully (11 October 2007).
1828:Eaton, Kit (2014-05-14).
1613:"The Photonovel Alliance"
1365:, published February 1978
1349:, published December 1977
1346:The Trouble with Tribbles
1341:, published November 1977
1333:, published November 1977
936:Little Man and Little Man
619:were printed each month.
41:. For the Ivan song, see
1421:, published October 1978
1357:, published January 1978
984:by Nix and Bart Schoofs.
976:Kwakzalver en Knettergek
724:TV and movie adaptations
3723:British Cartoon Archive
3716:National Cartoon Museum
1642:. Fantagraphics Books.
1473:M. Keith Booker (ed.),
1405:, published August 1978
1314:Space Battleship Yamato
553:("photonovel", plural:
475:sequential storytelling
3933:Finnish Comics Society
3890:Svenska Serieakademien
3880:Comics Studies Society
3748:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
3252:Women in Refrigerators
3247:The Hawkeye Initiative
2885:Female comics creators
1617:photonovelalliance.com
1373:, published March 1978
1269:Television adaptations
1179:Little Shop of Horrors
771:
674:Online series such as
642:to the original work.
59:
3669:Comic books on CD/DVD
2919:Comics historiography
1958:"A Softer World: 332"
1726:RWHP, Nikki Edwards.
1397:, published July 1978
1394:The Devil in the Dark
1389:, published June 1978
1386:A Piece of the Action
1354:A Taste of Armageddon
1311:. English version of
1222:(1981) (large format)
1187:The Lord of the Rings
758:
751:Original photo comics
52:Cover of an issue of
51:
3885:Sequart Organization
3631:Based on video games
3213:Gender and webcomics
2778:Publishing companies
2463:www.punkmagazine.com
1381:, published May 1978
1279:Battlestar Galactica
1243:Saturday Night Fever
1091:Can't Stop the Music
982:God en Klein Pierken
932:Mannetje en Mannetje
827:Alien Loves Predator
689:Alien Loves Predator
357:South African comics
3943:The Hero Initiative
3223:American mainstream
3025:Comics in education
2628:Comic strip formats
2073:Mid-Life Gamer Geek
1886:The New York Times.
1728:"RWHP - Fotonovela"
1664:New York Daily News
1294:The Incredible Hulk
1074:Blair Witch Project
993:by Fjodor Buis and
925:Les Tuniques Bleues
870:The one-shot album
764:Irregular Webcomic!
655:and the relaunched
576:New York Daily News
4030:Comics terminology
3984:Cartoon portal
3738:The Cartoon Museum
3733:Cartoon Art Museum
3457:France and Belgium
3242:Portrayal of women
3235:African characters
3203:Ethnic stereotypes
2023:"Undertoad Comics"
1834:The New York Times
1510:"The Photoromance"
1370:All Our Yesterdays
1195:Love at First Bite
850:The Chefs Of Death
772:
60:
4012:
4011:
3972:Comics portal
3956:
3955:
3789:The Kubert School
3692:
3691:
3564:
3563:
3262:
3261:
3187:Widescreen comics
3030:Comics journalism
2900:
2899:
2692:Political cartoon
2633:Daily comic strip
2513:978-1-4773-1822-5
2444:978-1-5036-0052-2
2431:Wang, Ge (2018).
2372:"Thé Tjong-Khing"
2190:"Louis Salvérius"
2170:www.urbanusfan.be
2146:www.urbanusfan.be
2122:www.urbanusfan.be
1378:The Galileo Seven
1064:and the Complete
972:by Trevor Mueller
468:
467:
434:Comics portal
377:Vietnamese comics
347:Portuguese comics
337:Philippine comics
318:
251:
233:Australian comics
229:
173:Political cartoon
43:Fotonovela (song)
39:Fotonovela (film)
16:(Redirected from
4047:
4002:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3948:Xeric Foundation
3802:
3616:Based on fiction
3575:
3349:China and Taiwan
3273:
3072:Graphic medicine
3015:Autobiographical
2980:
2958:Japanese (manga)
2864:Japanese (manga)
2789:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2528:(1), April 2012.
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2079:
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2044:
2038:
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2035:
2034:
2025:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1948:
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1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1911:
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1487:
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1471:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1410:The Deadly Years
1301:Mork & Mindy
1253:: The Photostory
1107:Charlie's Angels
1035:Film adaptations
835:Transparent Life
806:and Emily Horne.
760:David Morgan-Mar
746:Notable examples
635:National Lampoon
581:Ziegfeld Follies
460:
453:
446:
432:
431:
332:Pakistani comics
312:
285:Hungarian comics
245:
238:Brazilian comics
215:
206:Argentine comics
76:
62:
21:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4035:Lists of novels
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3976:
3964:
3952:
3938:Friends of Lulu
3900:
3894:
3852:
3846:
3793:
3772:
3698:
3697:Collections and
3688:
3662:manga magazines
3635:
3604:
3595:Manga magazines
3560:
3544:
3433:
3337:
3287:
3258:
3191:
3162:Talking animals
3138:
3099:Science fiction
3010:Anthropomorphic
2976:and narratology
2975:
2967:
2914:Years in comics
2896:
2873:
2837:Jewish American
2820:
2787:
2732:
2696:
2616:Trade paperback
2574:
2565:
2560:
2500:
2498:Further reading
2495:
2481:
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2476:
2467:
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2413:. 29 March 2020
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2291:
2289:
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2279:
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2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2238:"Terry Gilliam"
2236:
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2052:
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2046:
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2021:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
2002:Comics Alliance
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
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1976:
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1962:
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1576:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1538:www.behance.net
1532:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1402:Day of the Dove
1271:
1147:Heaven Can Wait
1037:
995:Thé Tjong-Khing
916:Louis Salvérius
876:The Hot Urbanus
872:De Hete Urbanus
838:by Charlie Beck
780:The Brick Bible
753:
748:
735:
726:
721:
698:Union of Heroes
624:Harvey Kurtzman
567:
504:
464:
426:
275:European comics
260:Croatian comics
255:Canadian comics
212:Bande dessinées
201:American comics
163:Trade paperback
81:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4053:
4051:
4043:
4042:
4040:Comics formats
4037:
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3899:Charitable and
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3719:
3718:
3708:
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3700:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3684:Limited series
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Based on films
3618:
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3597:
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3533:United Kingdom
3530:
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3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3449:
3447:Czech Republic
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
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3414:
3404:
3399:
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3318:
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3279:
3277:
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3259:
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3126:
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3106:
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3079:
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3062:
3052:
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3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2977:
2973:Comics studies
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
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2861:
2856:
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2795:
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2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
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2734:
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2730:
2725:
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2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2660:Digital comics
2657:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2606:Ongoing series
2603:
2598:
2596:Limited series
2593:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2515:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2474:
2450:
2443:
2423:
2402:
2381:
2363:
2345:
2318:
2298:
2277:
2253:
2229:
2214:"Peter de Wit"
2205:
2181:
2157:
2133:
2109:
2094:"Ype Driessen"
2085:
2059:
2039:
2014:
2004:. 8 March 2010
1989:
1969:
1949:
1931:
1922:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1875:
1866:
1853:
1820:
1796:
1763:
1743:
1713:
1692:
1669:
1655:
1648:
1628:
1604:
1592:TAINT THE MEAT
1574:
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1525:
1501:
1479:
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1460:
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1199:
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1183:
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1159:
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1127:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1049:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1027:John Holmstrom
1018:
1008:
998:
988:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
947:
929:
913:
893:
886:Willy Linthout
868:
853:
847:
839:
831:
830:by Bernie Hou.
823:
807:
799:A Softer World
795:
788:
776:
752:
749:
747:
744:
734:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
683:A Softer World
566:
563:
503:
500:
473:are a form of
466:
465:
463:
462:
455:
448:
440:
437:
436:
423:
422:
421:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
387:
386:
382:
381:
380:
379:
374:
372:Turkish comics
369:
364:
362:Spanish comics
359:
354:
352:Serbian comics
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
327:Mexican comics
324:
319:
307:
302:
300:Italian comics
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
248:Welsh-language
243:British comics
240:
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208:
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195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
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175:
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132:
131:
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116:
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111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
90:
89:
87:Comics studies
83:
82:
79:Speech balloon
77:
69:
68:
32:Italian comics
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4052:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
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4020:
4005:
3997:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3980:
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3973:
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3962:
3959:
3949:
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3929:
3926:
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3916:
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3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
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3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:Organizations
3796:
3790:
3787:
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3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
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3695:
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3682:
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3672:
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3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
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3648:
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3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
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3613:
3611:
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3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
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3527:
3524:
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3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
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3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
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3453:
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3448:
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3442:
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3427:
3425:
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3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
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3351:
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3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3326:United States
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Decompression
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:Tijuana bible
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Comics poetry
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
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2891:
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2862:
2860:
2857:
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2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Silent comics
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Graphic novel
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Sunday comics
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
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2591:Ashcan comic
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2288:. 2010-12-27
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2262:"Jean Teulé"
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2027:the original
2017:
2006:. Retrieved
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1944:morttodd.com
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1809:StarTrek.com
1808:
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1732:www.rwhp.org
1731:
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1703:. 2012-06-19
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1594:. 2014-05-02
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1025:magazine by
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295:Irish comics
270:Dutch comics
265:Czech comics
210:
127:Photo comics
126:
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4025:Photocomics
4004:WikiProject
3640:Other lists
3585:Comic books
3501:Netherlands
3407:Philippines
3119:Underground
3082:Non-fiction
3000:Alternative
2746:Cartoonists
2728:Text comics
2682:Gag cartoon
2638:Lianhuanhua
2623:Comic strip
2376:lambiek.net
2358:lambiek.net
2334:lambiek.net
2266:lambiek.net
2242:lambiek.net
2218:lambiek.net
2194:lambiek.net
2098:lambiek.net
1940:"SADISTIK!"
1777:Der Spiegel
1155:Ice Castles
1053:Americathon
958:John Cleese
956:, starring
855:The series
820:John Wagner
804:Joey Comeau
739:fotonovelas
733:Educational
653:Load Runner
617:fotonovelas
555:fotoromanzi
551:fotoromanzo
502:Terminology
484:photonovels
398:Cartoonists
367:Thai comics
158:Gag cartoon
148:Comic strip
27:Comic style
18:Fotoromanzi
4019:Categories
3268:By country
3109:Teen humor
2944:Modern Age
2939:Bronze Age
2934:Silver Age
2929:Golden Age
2869:Macedonian
2844:Australian
2825:By country
2811:Minicomics
2708:Film comic
2701:Techniques
2586:Comic book
2468:2021-04-20
2417:2021-02-17
2396:2021-02-17
2339:2017-08-05
2312:2016-09-09
2292:2016-09-09
2271:2017-08-05
2247:2017-08-05
2223:2017-08-05
2199:2017-08-05
2175:2017-08-05
2151:2017-08-05
2127:2017-08-05
2103:2017-08-05
2078:August 30,
2053:2008-10-02
2033:2008-07-24
2008:2016-09-09
1983:2008-07-24
1963:2008-07-24
1847:2016-09-09
1814:2017-02-22
1790:2021-12-10
1757:2008-07-24
1737:2016-09-09
1707:2016-09-09
1686:2016-09-09
1622:2018-08-21
1598:2017-12-07
1568:2018-08-21
1544:2017-12-08
1540:. May 2017
1519:2022-09-03
1462:References
1456:Film comic
1287:Doctor Who
1013:a book by
964:Jean Teulé
940:Hanco Kolk
904:Herr Seele
884:series by
843:Night Zero
816:Alan Grant
702:John Byrne
677:Night Zero
613:fotonovela
559:fotonovela
544:photonovel
536:fotonovela
496:melodramas
408:Publishers
403:Collecting
143:Comic book
122:Cartooning
3609:By source
3600:Webcomics
3578:By format
3556:Australia
3359:Hong Kong
3299:Argentina
3177:Superhero
3134:Wrestling
3104:Superhero
3045:Dystopian
3020:Celebrity
3005:Ambiguous
2963:Webcomics
2816:Webcomics
2799:Editorial
2792:By format
2773:Letterers
2758:Colorists
2611:Minicomic
2354:"Kakhiel"
1842:0362-4331
1785:2195-1349
1534:"Behance"
1514:MIT Press
1418:Amok Time
1322:Star Trek
1211:Nightwing
1203:Nashville
1099:The Champ
970:@$ $ hole
900:Kamagurka
878:) in the
707:Star Trek
579:featured
540:fotonovel
522:became a
385:Community
315:Hong Kong
96:Education
3994:Category
3901:outreach
3853:academic
3763:ToonSeum
3511:Portugal
3419:Thailand
3402:Pakistan
3292:Americas
3208:Feminist
3152:Antihero
2990:Abstract
2924:American
2859:Filipino
2849:Canadian
2832:American
2738:Creators
2670:Webcomic
2601:One-shot
1920:114-120.
1428:See also
1171:The Jerk
1066:Rocky II
811:Doomlord
770:figures.
668:Doomlord
571:tabloids
524:loanword
178:Webcomic
101:Glossary
3777:Schools
3699:museums
3549:Oceania
3484:Ireland
3479:Hungary
3474:Germany
3467:Belgium
3452:Croatia
3429:Vietnam
3167:Masking
3129:Western
3087:Romance
3055:Fantasy
2906:History
2783:Writers
2763:Editors
2675:Webtoon
2653:Yonkoma
2579:Formats
1862:America
1219:Outland
1015:Ge Wang
978:by Nix.
896:Urbanus
890:Urbanus
881:Urbanus
792:Killing
605:Killing
593:Follies
565:History
532:Spanish
520:fumetti
512:Italian
508:Fumetti
480:fumetti
418:Writers
218:Belgium
183:Webtoon
114:Methods
106:History
55:Killing
3647:Awards
3516:Serbia
3506:Poland
3439:Europe
3424:Turkey
3321:Mexico
3314:Quebec
3309:Canada
3304:Brazil
3276:Africa
3196:Themes
3144:Tropes
3077:Horror
3067:Gekiga
3050:Erotic
2983:Genres
2949:events
2768:Inkers
2648:Topper
2563:Comics
2511:
2441:
1840:
1783:
1646:
1246:(1977)
1238:(1975)
1230:(1979)
1214:(1979)
1206:(1975)
1198:(1979)
1190:(1978)
1174:(1979)
1166:(1978)
1158:(1978)
1150:(1978)
1142:(1979)
1134:(1978)
1131:Grease
1126:(1977)
1118:(1980)
1110:(2000)
1102:(1979)
1094:(1980)
1086:(1979)
1078:(2000)
1069:(1979)
1056:(1979)
1030:1978).
686:, and
648:Jackie
583:stars
510:is an
393:Awards
322:Manhwa
310:Manhua
226:Quebec
222:France
66:Comics
3657:manga
3570:Lists
3538:Wales
3521:Spain
3489:Italy
3390:Korea
3383:lists
3378:Japan
3366:India
3172:Rogue
3040:Crime
2995:Adult
2878:Other
2854:Cuban
2330:"Nix"
1076:, The
1062:Rocky
1045:Alien
938:) by
857:3hoog
663:Eagle
658:Eagle
629:Help!
534:term
413:Sales
305:Manga
3526:list
3494:list
3462:list
3412:list
3395:list
3371:list
3354:list
3342:Asia
3331:list
3218:LGBT
3092:list
3060:list
2890:list
2804:list
2751:list
2509:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2080:2024
1838:ISSN
1781:ISSN
1644:ISBN
1139:Hair
1022:Punk
942:and
918:and
909:Humo
902:and
888:and
863:and
818:and
785:Lego
768:Lego
587:and
3124:War
952:by
861:Ype
814:by
802:by
762:'s
626:'s
542:or
4021::
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2321:^
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216:(
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34:.
20:)
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