492:. Legal defense was sacrificed by banning any assistance for defendants brought before the revolutionary tribunal. "If this law passes," cried a deputy, "all we have to do is to blow our brains out." Fouquier, who feared to be incapable to deal with the number of trials, sent him a letter, but Robespierre did not reply. The tribunal became a simple court of condemnation that refused suspects the right of counsel and allowed only one of two verdicts â complete acquittal or death - based not on evidence, but on the jurors' moral conviction. The courtroom was renovated to allow more people to be sentenced simultaneously. It proposed to erect a guillotine inside the courtroom, but it was moved to the
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523:. . .who were charged with consorting together and scheming to trouble the State by provoking civil war with their fanaticism...Instead of living at peace within the bosom of the Republic, which had provided for their subsistence, and instead of obeying the laws, adopted the idea of residing together in this same house...and of making this house a refuge for refractory priests and counter-revolutionary fanatics, with whom they plotted against the Revolution and against the eternal principles of liberty and equality which are its basis.
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590:, and other Robespierre supporters. He received news of Maximilien de Robespierre's escape to the town hall while he was with Gabriel-Toussaint Scellier, a judge from the Revolutionary Tribunal. The next morning, he went to the National Convention to assure them of the Revolutionary Tribunal's loyalty. Verifying the identity of the prisoners Fouquier-Tinville had to solve a problem as 13 of them were members of the
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659:. Also among the prosecution witnesses was the bailiff Lucien Dupré, who spoke of his "relentlessness." Among the witnesses for the defense was the owner of the Palais de Justice tavern, who claimed that Fouquier-Tinville had complained to her about the number of executions, and the lawyer Bernard Malarme, who asserted that he had released many patriots.
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Long considered the primary instigator of the judicial Terror, his role is now nuanced, with the most recent research including him in a broader process of judicial Terror with other actors. Fouquier-Tinville appears to have generally followed the instructions of
Maximilien Robespierre but especially
455:
We are arrested by the formalities prescribed by the law. Moreover, one wonders, why witnesses? The
Convention, all of France, accuse those whose trial is being conducted; the evidence of their crimes is evident; everyone in their hearts is convinced that they are guilty; the tribunal can do nothing
270:
of police. In 1775 Fouquier-Tinville married GeneviÚve-Dorothée
Saugnier, his cousin, with whom he would have five children (two twins). He was widowed seven years later. Four months after his wife's death, he remarried Henriette Jeanne GĂ©rard d'Arcourt, with whom he would spend the rest of his life.
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It is not I who ought to be facing the tribunal, but the chiefs whose orders I have executed. I had only acted in the spirit of the laws passed by a
Convention invested with all powers. Through the absence of its members , I find myself the head of a conspiracy I have never been aware of. Here I am
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Apparently, the nuns, whom he called criminal assassins, were corrupted by the ex-Jesuit
Rousseau de Roseicquet, who led them in a conspiracy to poison minds and subvert the Republic. When the judge read this piece of Fouquier-Tinville's prose, he condemned them to be deported, as well as all those
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became the standard; any citizen was allowed to defend another. From the beginning, the authorities were concerned about this experiment's future. Derasse suggests it was a "collective suicide" by the lawyers in the
Assembly. In criminal cases, the expansion of the right gave priority to the spoken
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His trial ensued, lasting forty-one days, the longest of the French
Revolution. From the 9th Germinal, Year III (29 March 1795), to the 12th Floréal (1 May), a total of 419 witnesses were called, including 223 for the defense and 196 for the prosecution. Among the witnesses for the prosecution was,
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Le glaive vengeur de la RĂ©publique française une et indivisible, ou, Galerie rĂ©volutionnaire : contenant les noms, prĂ©noms, les lieux de naissance, l'Ă©tat, les ci-devant qualitĂ©s, l'Ăąge, les crimes et les derniĂšres paroles de tous les grands conspirateurs et traĂźtres Ă la patrie, dont la tĂȘte
464:
who "confused the hearing" and insulted "National
Justice" to the guillotine. Claiming the Dantonists were not serving the people and were "false patriots", who had preferred personal and foreign interests to the welfare of the nation. He did not align with any specific political movement, keeping
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and a central deputy in the fall of
Robespierre, opposed subjecting him to thorough questioning. This is generally interpreted as a maneuver aimed at preventing Fouquier-Tinville from providing lists of deputies who may have been complicit in his judicial work, including Tallien himself. Fouquier
197:
Despite this defense, he was sentenced to death, alongside the judges and some jurors of the
Revolutionary Tribunal, among other charges, for abusing his authority and neglecting proper legal procedures during trials. He was guillotined in Paris on 7 May 1795, and became the last individual to be
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and the convention. He was granted the right to defend himself before the National Convention, where he appeared on the 21st Thermidor, Year II (8 August 1794). His defense, in which he placed the blame for the executions solely on Robespierre, failed to convince the convention. They decided to
559:. When Robespierre and his supporters gathered that evening at the HĂŽtel de Ville, Fouquier-Tinville declined an invitation by answering he recognized the Convention alone. The next day, halfway through the proceedings, Fouquier-Tinville, who did not want to pass judgment on his friend the mayor
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at its formation. He was active in the political committee of his section in 1789. In September 1791 former "advocates" lost their title, their distinctive form of dress, their status, and their profession orders and adapted their practices to the new political and legal situation. Also Fouquier
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He was tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal as one of the major figures responsible for the excesses and injustices that marked the period of the Reign of Terror. During his trial, he defended himself by stating, "It is not I who ought to be facing the tribunal, but the chiefs whose orders I have
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on 10 June 1746, and was baptized two days later (which often leads to confusion regarding his birthdate). He was the second of five siblings. His father, Ăloy Fouquier de Tinville, a farmer and lord of HĂ©rouel, gave him the name of the land of Tinville, while the name HĂ©rouel went to his older
735:
Réponse d'Antoine-Quentin Fouquier, ex-accusateur-public prÚs le Tribunal révolutionnaire de Paris, aux différens chefs d'accusation portés en l'acte à lui notifié, le 26 frimaire: a la défense générale de Billaud-Varennes, Collot-d'Herbois, BarrÚre et Vadier, anciens membres des comités de
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earned him the reputation of one of the most sinister figures of the Revolution. His office as public accuser arguably reflected a need to display the appearance of legality during what was essentially political command, more than a need to establish actual guilt.
201:
His precise role in the Reign of Terror is still a subject of debate; modern historians suggest that it is more valuable to view his role as part of a group of officials and various terrorist actors rather than solely as the sole instigator of the Judicial Terror.
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defended his innocence vehemently. In a letter to his wife and children dated 12 November 1794, in which he enclosed a lock of hair, he maintained his innocence, claimed to be the victim of slander, and stated that he was "sacrificed to public opinion."
666:, especially Maximilien de Robespierre. According to his testimony, he claimed to have met with Robespierre privately every evening to decide on the executions for the following day. This did not convince his prosecutors and he was sentenced to death.
376:, an office that he filled from the end of the month until 1 August 1794. According to all the testimonies, including those of his critics, Fouquier-Tinville is said to have been a very hardworking and conscientious man. The documents were sent by the
1989:
Stevenson, Cornelius. âA Biographical Notice of the Duc De Lauzun, Commander of the Troop of Cavalry Which Became Known as âLauzun's Legionâ in the Revolutionary War.â The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 47, no. 4, 1923, p.
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578:, was arrested midday during a tumultuous session by a decree of the National Convention, Fouquier-Tinville decided to proceed with judicial proceedings and requested that "justice take its course." That evening, while dining at
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Nicolas Derasse, "Les défenseurs officieux : une défense sans barreaux", Annales historiques de la Révolution française , 350 | octobre-décembre 2007, Online since 01 January 2011, connection on 04 December 2021. URL:
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THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR : : OF THE TERROR : : ANTOINE QUENTIN FOUQUIER-TINVILLE TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF ALPHONSE J. DUNOYER BY A.W. EVANS WITH A PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE AND FOURTEEN OTHER
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and 21 "Robespierrists" on 29 July 1794. The next day about half of the Paris Commune (70 members) were sent to the guillotine; Fouquier did not sign the document. On the following day, twelve members of the
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He was guillotined on 7 May 1795, together with 15 former functionaries of the Revolutionary Tribunal, who were sentenced as his accomplices. Those were his final words, which he wrote before his execution:
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THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR:: OF THE TERROR:: ANTOINE QUENTIN FOUQUIER-TINVILLE TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF ALPHONSE J. DUNOYER BY A.W. EVANS WITH A PHOTOGRAVURE FRONTISPIECE AND FOURTEEN OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS
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to the public accuser, who examined them, summarized the facts, grouped the grievances, quoted the incriminating words or writings, and mentioned the denials of the accused. In a word, he drew up his
178:. In April 1794, it was decreed to centralise the investigation of court records and to bring all the political suspects in France to the Revolutionary Tribunal to Paris. Following the events of the
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in Paris, which was an exceptional royal jurisdiction tasked with targeting, among other things, revolutionaries. He sold his office in 1781 to pay off his debts and became a clerk under the
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est tombĂ© sous le glaive national, par arrĂȘt du Tribunal extraordinaire, Ă©tabli Ă Paris par une loi en date du 10 mars 1793, pour juger sans appel de ce genre de dĂ©lit / by Dulac, H. G.
1966:
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brother, Pierre-Ăloy. The two younger brothers received the names Foreste and VauvillĂ©. His mother, Marie-Louise Martine, came from a prosperous family. For six years he studied law in
519:
One of the last groups he prosecuted included seven nuns, aged 32–66, of the former convent of Carmelites, living in Paris, plus an eighth nun, of the Convent of the Visitation,
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executed. I had only acted in the spirit of the laws passed by a Convention invested with all powers." Generally, his defense involved shifting the blame for the executions onto the
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686:; on the contrary, I have been on the verge of being arrested four times. I die for my country and without reproach. I am satisfied: later, my innocence will be recognized.
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708:. However, in some cases, he is said to have shown a desire for independence from political power, especially by granting significant rights to certain defendants.
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On 21 May 1794 the government decided that the Terror would be centralised, with almost all the tribunals in the provinces closed and all the trials held in Paris.
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gouvernement, et a celle particuliÚre de Billaud, et encore aux faits avancés par quelques-uns d'eux, dans les séances de la Convention des 12 et 13 fructidor
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Imprisoned on 1 August, Fouquier-Tinville was brought to trial in front of the convention. His defense was that he had only obeyed the decrees of the
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After Robespierre refused, Fouquier-Tinville was appointed as president. The Paris commune made the decision to permanently install the guillotine.
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From March 1793 he served as the "public prosecutor" in Paris, demanding the execution of numerous accused individuals, including famous ones, like
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Antoine Fouquier-Tinville, engraving by François Bonneville, Paris, BnF (National Library of France), Department of Prints and Photography, 1796.
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On 29 October 1793, Fouquier-Tinville sent a letter to the National Convention, which was later used during his trial. In the letter, he wrote:
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year II. The number of death sentences doubled. Within three days, 156 people were sent in batches to the guillotine; all the members of the
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Derasse, N. (2012). WORDS AND LIBERTY: HOPES FOR LEGAL DEFENCE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. In: Quaderni Storici, 47 (141 (3)), p. 763.
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Steinberg, Ronen (9 September 2008). "Spaces of Mourning:The Cemetery of Picpus and the Memory of Terror in Post-Revolutionary France".
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227:. In the 18th century, Ăloy Fouquier de Tinville, lord of Tinville, HĂ©rouel, Auroir, and Foreste, was a farmer and a royal officer in
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Derasse, N. (2012). WORDS AND LIBERTY: HOPES FOR LEGAL DEFENCE DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Quaderni Storici, 47(141 (3)), p. 763.
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Tinville appears in the game We. The Revolution where he aids the player as a prosecutor for the Revolutionary Tribunal during the
594:. Around 2 a.m. Robespierre and 21 "Robespierrists" were accused of counter-revolution and condemned to death by the rules of the
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512:. The commune had to solve serious problems in the cemeteries because of the smell. Two new mass graves were dug in mid-July at
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on its own, it is obliged to follow the law; it is up to the Convention to remove all the formalities that hinder its progress.
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The Fouquier de Tinville family, now known as Fouquier d'HĂ©rouel, descends from an old bourgeois family from the vicinity of
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were executed. More than 2,400 people were convicted by the "tribunal révolutionaire" accused of conspiring against
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Generally, he defended himself by assigning responsibility for the executions of the Revolutionary Tribunal to the
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Little is known of the part he played at the outbreak of the Revolution. According to himself, he was part of the
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I have nothing to reproach myself with; I have always complied with the laws, I have never been a creature of
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were sent to the guillotine. The Revolutionary Tribunal was suspended and replaced by a temporary commission.
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was the home of Fouquier-Tinville. He lived there with his wife and twins while conducting the trials in the
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299:, and after Robespierre refused the position, Fouquier de Tinville became for three months the foreman of a
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2127:
Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre
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proceed with his arrest and trial, along with certain judges and jurors from the Revolutionary Tribunal.
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2087:, vol. i. Nos. 4445-4454 (1890), an ennumeration of the documents relating to Fouquier-Tinville's trial
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of Robespierre. Informed of his impending arrest, Fouquier-Tinville voluntarily surrendered himself.
574:, Fouquier-Tinville continued his work without any hindrance. When the Robespierre-affiliated judge,
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Although he was briefly kept as the new government's prosecutor, as confirmed on 28 July 1794 by
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wrote about him and included him in their historical novels. He was quoted in an article and in
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for instance, the Paris clerk, who accused him of shedding the blood of innocents, especially
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OCR A Level History: The French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon 1774â1815 by Mike Wells
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H.Leuwers (2012) Defence in writing. The end of the printed legal brief (France, 1788-1792)
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Mémoires de la France. Deux siÚcles de trésors inédits et secrets à l'Assemblée nationale
384:. Fouquier was known for his radicalism. His zeal in prosecution earned him the nickname
500:, the prisons were overpopulated; they housed over 8,000 "suspects" at the beginning of
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Mémoire pour A. Q. Fouquier ex-accusateur public prÚs le tribunal révolutionnaire, etc.
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409:
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1919:"Mémoire, oubli, illusion dans " illusions perdues ": L'exemple de Lucien de Rubempré"
1317:"Creating and resisting the Terror: the Paris Revolutionary Tribunal, MarchâJune 1793"
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Refractory Men, Fanatical Women: Fidelity to Conscience During the French Revolution.
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On 26/27 June, Robespierre demanded that Fouquier-Tinville, involved in the trial of
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Brunet, Isabelle; Toffoli, Pascal de; Poisson, Philippe; Renneville, Marc (2005).
1027:"Le Pourvoyeur de la guillotine. Fouquier-Tinville et le tribunal révolutionnaire"
392:, president of the tribunal, of being insufficiently radical. On 17 September the
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1856:"Les écrivains et le roman historique au xxe siÚcle: Esthétique et psychologie"
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PiĂšces original du procĂšs du Fouquier-Tinville et de ses complices, 1795. p. 94
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2109:. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
2000:
The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, p. 250
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469:, and he did not maintain any particular relationships with leaders from the
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The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv
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Le Lien. Bulletin d'histoire judiciaire et pénitentiaire en Lot-et-Garonne
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Act of death sentence signed by Fouquier Tinville, public accuser to the
2052:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 751.
1742:"Le procĂšs de Fouquier-Tinville, ou l'accusation de terreur en l'an III"
1328:
912:" were denounced by the Revolutionary Tribunal as accomplices of HĂ©bert.
1513:
1337:
1248:
509:
248:
60:
1685:"Memoirs of the Sansons: From Private Notes and Documents (1688â1847)"
1236:
1221:
Journal des Ătats gĂ©nĂ©raux convoquĂ©s par Louis XVI, 28 septembre 1791
413:
258:
2197:
2085:
Bibliographie de l'histoire de Paris pendant la Révolution Française
332:
1563:
Alphonse Dunoyer. Fouquier-Tinville, accusateur public, p. 178, 181
460:
Early April 1794 Fouquier-Tinville asked the tribunal to order the
4330:
1598:
Geschichte Der Französischen Revolution von Jules Michelet, p. 119
1052:"ANTOINE FOUQUIER-TINVILLE (1746-1795) - EncyclopĂŠdia Universalis"
634:
626:
facing slander, a people always eager to find others responsible.
535:
473:, such as Maximilien Robespierre, as reported by Antoine Boulant.
355:
347:
331:
315:
253:
238:
224:
174:
and overseeing the sentencing of over two thousand of them to the
64:
5459:
French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
555:. Fouquier-Tinville's career ended with the fall of Robespierre
300:
5284:
5179:
4369:
3719:
2965:
2324:
2201:
4396:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
4210:
1524:
Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel, 11 juin 1794, p. 4
1081:"Accusateur public et parquet : origines et (r)Ă©volution"
198:
executed by the Revolutionary Tribunal before its abolition.
2011:
The Oxford History of the French Revolution by William Doyle
416:, Adrien Nicolas Gobeau as substitute of the public accuser
364:
When the Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris was created by the
1123:"5Mi1314 - 1693 1790 Archives départementales de l'Aisne"
605:
and the convention, Fouquier-Tinville was arrested after
135:, 10 June 1746 – 7 May 1795), also called
1462:
Le tribunal révolutionnaire: Punir les ennemis du peuple
730:. Paris: De l'imprimerie du Bulletin républicaine, 1795
1492:
Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 5 April 1794
1817:"9 Thermidor: Cinderella among Revolutionary Journées"
352:
Conciergerie in 1790; the medieval towers still exist.
1640:
Proceedings of the Western Society for French History
954:, a lawyer who had defended the king and the deputés
5126:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
48:
Antoine Fouquier Tinville during the Reign of Terror
5358:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
5134:
4968:
4961:
4846:
4703:
4625:
4536:
4429:
4376:
4327:
4292:
4262:
4237:
4194:
4068:
4059:
4037:
3742:
3726:
3684:
3647:
3602:
3509:
3456:
3387:
3257:
3231:
3148:
3045:
2972:
2917:
2898:
2871:
2808:
2744:
2639:
2572:
2521:
2475:
2448:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2358:
2331:
1701:
Fatal Purity: Robespierre and the French Revolution
1200:
The A-Z of the French Revolution: Fouquier-Tinville
107:
99:
89:
71:
53:
34:
256:and in 1774 purchased a position as prosecutor or
4284:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2065:Fouquier-Tinville et le tribunal révolutionnaire
1965:Chateaubriand, François-René vicomte de (1848).
1277:, Romances of the French Revolution, 1908. p. 20
1258:
1256:
808:(1983). He appears as a character in the opera
372:refused, Fouquier was appointed on 15 March as
2326:Significant civil and political events by year
2106:A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution
1535:"Maximilien Robespierre, Master of the Terror"
1376:Gracewing Publishing, 1992, pp. 101–104.
303:established to pass verdicts on the crimes of
2213:
2095:Histoire du tribunal révolutionnaire de Paris
1687:. Chatto and Windus – via Google Books.
1290:(in French). Criminocorpus. 19 January 2010.
1288:"Les tribunaux criminels Ă Paris (1790â1792)"
563:, took off his official robe and walked out.
412:were each appointed as one of the judges and
360:ProcĂšs de Marie-Antoinette le 15 octobre 1793
295:movement. On 25 August, backed by his cousin
8:
5379:
5338:
5314:
5295:
4279:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
443:. His activity in the Conciergerie and the
2103:Furet, François; Ozouf, Mona, eds. (1989).
1203:, Scarecrow Press, 2007, pp. 134–134.
582:, he learned of the arrest of Robespierre,
5281:
5176:
4965:
4483:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
4366:
4065:
3739:
3716:
2962:
2321:
2220:
2206:
2198:
2184:"Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin"
2043:"Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin"
1572:
1233:http://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/11230
496:in order to stand out less. According to
31:
4748:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4406:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4229:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1934:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1336:
435:. An apartment between the towers of the
247:Antoine Fouquier de Tinville was born in
2464:Nationalization of the Church properties
2075:Notes et documents sur Fouquier-Tinville
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
5409:Historiography of the French Revolution
4680:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4391:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1017:
465:his distance from factions such as the
4416:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4371:Other significant figures and factions
1740:Chavanette, Loris (15 November 2021).
1607:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
962:, four times elected president of the
4463:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4219:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4158:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4116:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
2596:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1311:
1309:
396:was introduced. On 26 September 1793
130:
7:
4617:Louis Marie de La RĂ©velliĂšre-LĂ©peaux
4029:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
2816:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1514:http://www.jstor.org/stable/43780153
1459:Boulant, Antoine (18 October 2018).
1294:from the original on 3 December 2021
1249:http://www.jstor.org/stable/43780153
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1074:
1072:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
124:Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville
36:Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville
4224:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1127:Archives départementales de l'Aisne
902:, duc de Lauzun, later duc de Biron
291:. In Summer 1792, he supported the
27:French lawyer and public prosecutor
5414:Influence of the French Revolution
5404:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4168:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4129:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2384:Convocation of the Estates General
1420:, Putnam's, New York, 1969, p. 122
1237:https://doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.11230
744:RĂ©quisitoires de Fouquier-Tinville
551:, be replaced as too bound to the
271:They had three children together.
25:
5056:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4788:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4090:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3872:François Christophe de Kellermann
3111:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2054:In turn, it cites as references:
1465:(in French). Place des Ă©diteurs.
1105:, Ă©d. Sedopols, 2012, p. 326-327.
572:fall of Maximilien de Robespierre
132:[ÉÌtwankÉÌtÉÌfukjetÉÌvil]
4783:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4690:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4660:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4551:Jean-Marie Roland de la PlatiĂšre
4329:
4294:
4264:
4239:
4196:
4070:
3947:Ădouard Mortier, Duke of TrĂ©vise
3728:
2500:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1815:Jones, Colin (1 February 2015).
1418:The French, Portrait of a People
739:. Paris, Impr. de Marchant, 1795
182:, he was arrested early August.
113:
42:
5121:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4868:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4793:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4004:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3999:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3979:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3807:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2725:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1683:Sanson, Henri (12 March 1876).
928:Marie Jean HĂ©rault de SĂ©chelles
908:as well as the leaders of the "
845:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
400:was appointed as president and
139:and nicknamed posthumously the
5394:Women in the French Revolution
4996:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4173:Johann MĂ©szĂĄros von SzoboszlĂł
3837:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3466:French invasion of Switzerland
1788:Associés, Pierre Bergé &.
1148:Andries, Lise (28 June 2021).
747:, ed. Hector Fleischmann, 1911
310:Insurrection of 10 August 1792
1:
5474:People of the Reign of Terror
5399:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5218:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5006:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4137:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4108:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3405:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3158:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3132:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2941:Constitution of the Year VIII
2676:Committee of General Security
2561:National Legislative Assembly
2416:National Constituent Assembly
1790:"[FOUQUIER-TINVILLE]"
1673:Fouquier-Tinville, pp. 120â22
1586:"Le Tribunal révolutionnaire"
1103:Le Simili-Nobiliaire-Français
1029:. In E. de Waresquiel (ed.).
1005:Conseil Général de la Commune
702:Committee of General Security
553:Committee of General Security
390:Jacques-Bernard-Marie Montané
378:Committee of General Security
5317:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5111:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5001:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4898:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4798:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4488:Charles Malo François Lameth
4163:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3994:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3937:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3137:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2824:Constitution of the Year III
1097:Famille Fouquier d'HĂ©rouel,
776:. He is also to be found in
722:. A Paris: Chez Maret, 1795
646:, one of the leaders of the
607:Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron
5479:18th-century French lawyers
5213:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4838:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4773:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4733:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4612:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4597:JĂ©rĂŽme PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4592:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4401:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4254:William V, Prince of Orange
3124:First Battle of Wissembourg
3081:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2797:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2666:(27 Jun 1793 â 27 Jul 1794)
2623:(20 Sep 1792 â 26 Oct 1795)
2483:Abolition of the Parlements
2456:Women's March on Versailles
1794:Pierre Bergé & Associés
966:were taken to the scaffold.
956:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
727:ProcĂšs de Fouquier Tinville
719:ProcĂšs de Fouquier-Tinville
528:who had given them refuge.
516:in the impermeable ground.
386:Purveyor to the Guillotine.
5495:
5348:French Republican calendar
4903:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4528:Bertrand BarĂšre de Vieuzac
3882:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3832:Charles François Dumouriez
3822:Jacques François Dugommier
3636:League of Armed Neutrality
3469:(28 January â 17 May 1798)
3421:Battle of the Bay of CĂĄdiz
3244:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3223:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2887:Second Congress of Rastatt
2671:Committee of Public Safety
2658:(9 Mar 1793 â 31 May 1795)
2190:Collier's New Encyclopedia
2132:Princeton University Press
1704:. Henry Holt and Company.
1664:R.R. Palmer (1970), p. 368
1025:Jourdan, A. R. M. (2006).
779:Les MĂ©moires d'outre-tombe
698:Committee of Public Safety
664:Committee of Public Safety
618:Committee of Public Safety
603:Bertrand BarĂšre de Vieuzac
338:committee of public safety
188:Committee of Public Safety
141:Provider of the Guillotine
5363:Cult of the Supreme Being
5291:
5280:
5186:
5175:
4523:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4378:Patriotic Society of 1789
4365:
4181:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4103:Karl Aloys zu FĂŒrstenberg
3715:
3620:Convention of Alessandria
2961:
2906:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2367:What Is the Third Estate?
2320:
2235:
2124:Israel, Jonathan (2014).
1854:Tadié, Jean-Yves (2011).
1821:French Historical Studies
1714:– via Google Books.
1652:2027/spo.0642292.0036.011
960:Jacques Guillaume Thouret
704:during the period of the
192:Maximilien de Robespierre
112:
41:
5071:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5036:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4918:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4888:François-Nicolas Vincent
4873:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4047:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3942:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3922:François Séverin Marceau
3902:François Joseph Lefebvre
3797:Jean-Ătienne Championnet
3772:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3767:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3762:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3752:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3474:French Invasion of Egypt
3352:Second Battle of Bassano
3086:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2860:Conspiracy of the Equals
2553:The Constitution of 1791
2424:Storming of the Bastille
1917:Noiray, Jacques (2007).
1833:10.1215/00161071-2822673
1275:Madame Fouquier-Tinville
980:Alexandre de Beauharnais
639:Fouquier-Thinville trial
143:was a French lawyer and
5051:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4923:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4883:Antoine-François Momoro
4878:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4695:François de Neufchùteau
4645:Charles-François Lebrun
4587:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4468:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4344:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4150:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4145:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3777:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
3591:Second Battle of Zurich
3482:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3328:First Battle of Bassano
3166:Second Battle of Boulou
2967:Revolutionary campaigns
2925:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2840:Council of Five Hundred
2628:First republic declared
2564:(1 Oct 1791 â Sep 1792)
2545:Declaration of Pillnitz
2269:Constitutional monarchy
2162:3 December 2018 at the
2049:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1150:"La colĂšre et le crime"
1099:Pierre-Marie Dioudonnat
910:armées révolutionnaires
900:Armand Louis de Gontaut
794:Fouquier was played by
592:insurrectionary Commune
5380:
5339:
5315:
5296:
4808:Prieur de la CĂŽte-d'Or
4803:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4713:Maximilien Robespierre
4546:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4411:Emmanuel Joseph SieyĂšs
3842:Louis-Charles de Flers
3827:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3792:Jean François Carteaux
3567:First Battle of Zurich
3530:(20 Mar â 21 May 1799)
3485:(23 May â 23 Sep 1798)
3445:Treaty of Campo Formio
3191:Glorious First of June
3119:(18 Sep â 18 Dec 1793)
3078:Expedition to Sardinia
2756:Desmoulins guillotined
2691:Assassination of Marat
2683:Fall of the Girondists
2655:Revolutionary Tribunal
2647:Execution of Louis XVI
2537:Champ de Mars massacre
2440:Abolition of Feudalism
1968:MĂ©moires d'outre-tombe
1895:Le Moderniste Illustre
1746:Histoire de la justice
1573:Furet & Ozouf 1989
1000:Maximilien Robespierre
865:Jacques Pierre Brissot
688:
640:
628:
544:
540:Fouquier Tinville par
525:
494:Faubourg Saint-Antoine
458:
388:On 29 July he accused
368:on 10 March 1793, and
361:
353:
345:
342:Revolutionary Tribunal
321:
244:
149:Revolutionary Tribunal
5253:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4518:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4498:Jean-François Rewbell
3984:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3867:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3857:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3628:Battle of Hohenlinden
3501:(12 Oct â 5 Dec 1798)
3336:Battle of Emmendingen
3283:Battle of Castiglione
3170:(30 Apr â 1 May 1794)
3101:Battle of Hondschoote
2772:Thermidorian Reaction
2736:(throughout the year)
2509:FĂȘte de la FĂ©dĂ©ration
2435:(20 Jul â 5 Aug 1789)
2419:(9 Jul â 30 Sep 1791)
2403:(17 Jun â 9 Jul 1790)
2081:Jean Maurice Tourneux
1971:(in French). P. Arpin
1936:10.3917/balz.008.0185
1898:(in French). Slatkine
1872:10.3917/deba.165.0136
676:
638:
623:
539:
521:
506:Parlement of Toulouse
453:
359:
351:
335:
319:
305:enemies of the people
242:
219:, in the present-day
128:French pronunciation:
5181:Influential thinkers
4928:Jean-François Varlet
4828:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4823:Jean Bon Saint-André
4650:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4572:Marquis de Condorcet
4421:Nicolas de Condorcet
4186:Dagobert von Wurmser
4019:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3962:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3877:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3812:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3802:Chapuis de Tourville
3344:Battle of Schliengen
3291:Battle of Theiningen
3212:Battle of Aldenhoven
3096:Battle of Wattignies
3065:Battle of Neerwinden
2879:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2392:Death of the Dauphin
1758:10.3917/rhj.032.0047
1698:Scurr, Ruth (2007).
1166:10.3917/dhs.053.0049
990:Martyrs of CompiĂšgne
964:Constituent Assembly
609:denounced him as an
429:fr:Quai de l'Horloge
5268:Mary Wollstonecraft
5046:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4833:Pierre Louis Prieur
4778:Jean-Henri Voulland
4753:Jacques-Louis David
4685:Jean Joseph Mounier
4386:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4024:Belgrand de Vaubois
3912:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3852:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3657:Treaty of Lunéville
3296:Battle of Neresheim
3241:Siege of Luxembourg
3220:Siege of Luxembourg
3175:Battle of Tourcoing
3106:Siege of Bellegarde
2933:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2845:Council of Ancients
2620:National Convention
2612:September Massacres
2588:Brunswick Manifesto
2580:France declares war
2347:Assembly of Vizille
1923:L'Année balzacienne
1154:Dix-huitiĂšme siĂšcle
975:Ălisabeth of France
404:as vice president;
402:René-François Dumas
366:National Convention
307:arrested after the
90:Cause of death
5464:French prosecutors
5106:Loménie de Brienne
5081:Madame de Lamballe
5016:Napoléon Bonaparte
4813:Prieur de la Marne
4728:Camille Desmoulins
4582:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4458:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4453:Arnaud de La Porte
4309:Alexander Korsakov
4095:Count of Clerfayt
4014:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3927:Auguste de Marmont
3782:Napoléon Bonaparte
3673:Algeciras campaign
3665:Treaty of Florence
3543:Battle of Stockach
3376:Ireland expedition
3360:Battle of Calliano
3320:Battle of Rovereto
3312:Battle of WĂŒrzburg
2764:Law of 22 Prairial
2733:Anti-clerical laws
2708:The Death of Marat
2529:Flight to Varennes
1588:. 25 January 2023.
1545:on 5 December 2017
1414:de Gramont, Sanche
1056:www.universalis.fr
995:Princess of Monaco
933:Pierre Philippeaux
641:
596:law of 22 Prairial
545:
490:Law of 22 Prairial
419:Fouquier lived at
362:
354:
346:
322:
297:Camille Desmoulins
276:freedom of defence
268:lieutenant-general
245:
5454:People from Aisne
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5305:Cockade of France
5276:
5275:
5238:Antoine Lavoisier
5228:Benjamin Franklin
5208:Anacharsis Cloots
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5091:Louis de Breteuil
4933:Theophile Leclerc
4361:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4314:Alexander Suvorov
4055:
4054:
3989:JĂłzef Poniatowski
3907:Ătienne Macdonald
3711:
3710:
3612:Battle of Marengo
3575:Battle of Trebbia
3559:Battle of Cassano
3551:Battle of Magnano
3535:Battle of Ostrach
3437:Battle of Neuwied
3199:Battle of Fleurus
3183:Battle of Tournay
3060:War in the Vendée
2996:Royalist Revolts
2957:
2956:
2514:
2490:Abolition of the
2408:Tennis Court Oath
2400:National Assembly
2229:French Revolution
2116:978-0-674-17728-4
1472:978-2-262-07034-2
1401:"La Conciergerie"
1387:"La Conciergerie"
1329:10.1093/fh/cry008
1212:Lenotre, p. 15-28
1033:. pp. 52â53.
942:Lucile Desmoulins
885:Antoine Lavoisier
770:Illusions perdues
570:, the day of the
445:Palace of Justice
153:French Revolution
145:accusateur public
137:Fouquier-Tinville
121:
120:
18:Fouquier-Tinville
16:(Redirected from
5486:
5385:
5373:Temple of Reason
5344:
5320:
5301:
5282:
5233:Thomas Jefferson
5177:
5096:de Chateaubriand
5026:Joseph Bonaparte
5021:Lucien Bonaparte
5011:Marie Antoinette
4966:
4953:Sylvain Maréchal
4908:François Hanriot
4743:Louis Philippe I
4670:Louis Philippe I
4665:Philippe ĂgalitĂ©
4607:Olympe de Gouges
4577:Charlotte Corday
4567:Ătienne ClaviĂšre
4367:
4349:Antonio Ricardos
4334:
4333:
4319:Andrei Rosenberg
4299:
4298:
4269:
4268:
4244:
4243:
4214:Ralph Abercromby
4201:
4200:
4176:
4153:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4111:
4098:
4075:
4074:
4066:
3970:
3917:Marcellin Marbot
3740:
3733:
3732:
3721:Military leaders
3717:
3704:
3696:
3692:Treaty of Amiens
3677:
3669:
3661:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3595:
3594:(25â26 Sep 1799)
3587:
3579:
3578:(17â20 Jun 1799)
3571:
3563:
3562:(27â28 Apr 1799)
3555:
3547:
3539:
3538:(20â21 Mar 1799)
3531:
3523:
3519:Second Coalition
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3429:Treaty of Leoben
3425:
3417:
3416:(14â15 Jan 1797)
3413:Battle of Rivoli
3409:
3401:
3397:Italian campaign
3380:
3372:
3371:(15â17 Nov 1796)
3368:Battle of Arcole
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3304:Battle of Amberg
3300:
3287:
3279:
3275:Battle of Lonato
3271:
3267:Italian campaign
3245:
3224:
3216:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3162:
3141:
3140:(26â27 Dec 1793)
3128:
3120:
3082:
3074:
3070:Battle of Famars
3038:
2963:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2910:
2891:
2883:
2864:
2856:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2801:
2793:
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2768:
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2721:
2713:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2532:(20â21 Jun 1791)
2512:
2504:
2496:
2487:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2351:
2343:
2339:Day of the Tiles
2322:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2194:
2186:
2145:
2120:
2053:
2045:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1884:
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1844:
1812:
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1803:
1801:
1785:
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1776:
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1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
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1655:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:Paris Cemeteries
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1541:. Archived from
1539:people.loyno.edu
1531:
1525:
1522:
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1510:
1504:
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1321:academic.oup.com
1313:
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1271:
1265:
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1245:
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1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1197:Paul R. Hanson,
1195:
1178:
1177:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1087:(in French) (1).
1076:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1022:
880:Olympe de Gouges
867:and 21 Girondins
851:Marie Antoinette
840:Charlotte Corday
816:Umberto Giordano
774:Honoré de Balzac
421:Rue Saint-Honoré
262:attached to the
190:, especially on
164:Marie-Antoinette
134:
129:
117:
78:
46:
32:
21:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5423:
5298:La Marseillaise
5287:
5286:Cultural impact
5272:
5182:
5163:
5130:
5086:Madame du Barry
5076:Catherine Théot
5066:Thérésa Tallien
4957:
4948:Gracchus Babeuf
4893:François Chabot
4850:
4842:
4763:Georges Couthon
4758:Marquis de Sade
4723:Jean-Paul Marat
4699:
4655:Bertrand BarĂšre
4621:
4532:
4513:Boissy d'Anglas
4508:Madame de Staël
4473:Antoine Barnave
4441:
4434:
4425:
4372:
4353:
4328:
4323:
4293:
4288:
4263:
4258:
4238:
4233:
4195:
4190:
4174:
4151:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4109:
4096:
4085:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4069:
4051:
4033:
3974:Nicolas Oudinot
3964:
3897:Claude Lecourbe
3892:Charles Leclerc
3787:Guillaume Brune
3757:Pierre Augereau
3727:
3722:
3707:
3702:
3700:Treaty of Paris
3694:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3598:
3593:
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3298:
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3253:
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3227:
3222:
3214:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3144:
3139:
3126:
3118:
3116:Siege of Toulon
3080:
3072:
3055:First Coalition
3041:
3032:
2968:
2953:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2913:
2908:
2894:
2889:
2881:
2867:
2862:
2854:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2717:Law of Suspects
2711:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2665:
2663:Reign of Terror
2657:
2649:
2635:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2517:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2443:(4â11 Aug 1789)
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2376:RĂ©veillon riots
2370:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2327:
2316:
2231:
2226:
2181:
2178:
2164:Wayback Machine
2152:
2150:Further reading
2142:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1853:
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1814:
1813:
1809:
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1078:
1077:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
895:Antoine Barnave
836:
828:Reign of Terror
824:
792:
762:Alexandre Dumas
759:
754:
714:
693:
672:
633:
561:Fleuriot-Lescot
549:Catherine Théot
534:
514:Picpus Cemetery
488:introduced the
486:Georges Couthon
482:
394:Law of Suspects
330:
287:called himself
237:
213:
208:
157:Reign of Terror
127:
85:
80:
76:
67:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5492:
5490:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5368:Cult of Reason
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5312:
5310:Flag of France
5307:
5302:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5273:
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5270:
5265:
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5255:
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5205:
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5187:
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5180:
5173:
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5169:
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5165:
5164:
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5161:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5116:Jacques Necker
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Claire Lacombe
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:Jacques HĂ©bert
4859:
4857:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4718:Georges Danton
4715:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:Henri Grégoire
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4503:Camille Jordan
4500:
4495:
4490:
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4480:
4475:
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4455:
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4170:
4165:
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4142:
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4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4063:
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4021:
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4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
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3971:
3959:
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3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3737:
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3713:
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3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3653:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3583:Battle of Novi
3580:
3572:
3570:(4â7 Jun 1799)
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3363:(6â7 Nov 1796)
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3278:(3â4 Aug 1796)
3272:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3249:Peace of Basel
3246:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Siege of Mainz
3088:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3027:
3022:
3020:Siege of Mainz
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
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2951:
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2915:
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2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2852:13 Vendémiaire
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2829:
2821:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2704:
2699:Levée en masse
2696:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2660:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2604:10th of August
2601:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2486:(FebâJul 1790)
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
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2373:
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2355:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2318:
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2300:
2293:
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2265:
2258:
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2244:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2177:
2176:External links
2174:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:978-1400849994
2140:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2071:Georges Lecocq
2068:
2061:
2040:, ed. (1911).
2038:Chisholm, Hugh
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1992:
1982:
1957:
1909:
1885:
1846:
1807:
1780:
1771:
1717:
1711:978-1466805781
1710:
1690:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1630:
1612:
1610:, p. 570.
1600:
1591:
1577:
1575:, p. 143.
1565:
1556:
1526:
1517:
1505:
1494:
1485:
1471:
1422:
1406:
1392:
1378:
1372:Edwin Bannon,
1360:
1351:
1305:
1279:
1266:
1252:
1240:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1179:
1140:
1107:
1090:
1068:
1036:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
970:CĂ©cile Renault
967:
947:
946:
945:
944:
935:
930:
925:
917:
916:
913:
906:Jacques HĂ©bert
903:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
875:
874:
873:
868:
859:
858:
853:
848:
842:
835:
832:
823:
820:
811:Andrea Chenier
796:Roger Planchon
791:
788:
766:Anatole France
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
740:
731:
723:
713:
710:
692:
689:
671:
668:
632:
629:
533:
530:
498:François Furet
481:
480:Grande Terreur
478:
433:Ăle de la CitĂ©
425:Place Dauphine
410:Joachim Vilate
398:Martial Herman
374:public accuser
329:
328:Public accuser
326:
289:"homme de loi"
284:National Guard
274:In early 1791
236:
233:
212:
209:
207:
204:
180:10th Thermidor
119:
118:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
79:(aged 48)
73:
69:
68:
59:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5491:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:Sans-culottes
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Metric system
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5178:
5174:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5152:Panthéon Club
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:Joachim Murat
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4818:Gilbert Romme
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:de CambacérÚs
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4556:Madame Roland
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:André Chénier
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Grace Elliott
4446:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4364:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Joseph Souham
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Joachim Murat
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:André Masséna
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3703:(25 Jun 1802)
3701:
3698:
3695:(25 Mar 1802)
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3671:
3668:(18 Mar 1801)
3666:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3623:(15 Jun 1800)
3621:
3618:
3615:(14 Jun 1800)
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3589:
3586:(15 Aug 1799)
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3546:(25 Mar 1799)
3544:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3527:Siege of Acre
3525:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3499:
3498:Peasants' War
3496:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:(17 Oct 1797)
3446:
3443:
3440:(18 Apr 1797)
3438:
3435:
3432:(17 Apr 1797)
3430:
3427:
3424:(25 Jan 1797)
3422:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3408:(13 Jan 1797)
3406:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3347:(26 Oct 1796)
3345:
3342:
3339:(19 Oct 1796)
3337:
3334:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3307:(24 Aug 1796)
3305:
3302:
3299:(11 Aug 1796)
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:(26 Jun 1794)
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3186:(22 May 1794)
3184:
3181:
3178:(18 May 1794)
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3161:(24 Apr 1794)
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3127:(13 Oct 1793)
3125:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:(23 May 1793)
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2947:
2944:(24 Dec 1799)
2942:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2928:(18 Jun 1799)
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2909:(11 May 1798)
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:(22 Aug 1795)
2825:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2800:(11 Nov 1794)
2798:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2784:(28 Jul 1794)
2781:
2778:
2775:(27 Jul 1794)
2773:
2770:
2767:(10 Jun 1794)
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2731:
2728:(16 Oct 1793)
2726:
2723:
2720:(17 Sep 1793)
2718:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2702:(23 Aug 1793)
2700:
2697:
2694:(13 Jul 1793)
2692:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2650:(21 Jan 1793)
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:(22 Sep 1792)
2629:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2607:(10 Aug 1792)
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:(25 Jul 1792)
2589:
2586:
2583:(20 Apr 1792)
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2548:(27 Aug 1791)
2546:
2543:
2540:(17 Jul 1791)
2538:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2513:(14 Jul 1790)
2511:
2510:
2506:
2503:(12 Jul 1790)
2501:
2498:
2495:(23 Jun 1790)
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2451:(26 Aug 1789)
2449:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2427:(14 Jul 1789)
2425:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2411:(20 Jun 1789)
2409:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2395:(4 June 1789)
2393:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2379:(28 Apr 1789)
2377:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2350:(21 Jul 1788)
2348:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:Ancien RĂ©gime
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:ILLUSTRATIONS
2154:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:(Paris, 1885)
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:(Paris, 1878)
2066:
2063:M. Domenget,
2062:
2060:(Paris, 1794)
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1925:(in French).
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:(in French).
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1621:"Picpus (12)"
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:André Chénier
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:George Danton
921:
920:
919:
918:
914:
911:
907:
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
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3676:(8 Jul 1801)
3660:(9 Feb 1801)
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3554:(5 Apr 1799)
3355:(6 Nov 1796)
3331:(8 Sep 1796)
3323:(4 Sep 1796)
3315:(3 Sep 1796)
3286:(5 Aug 1796)
3215:(2 Oct 1794)
3194:(1 Jun 1794)
2936:(9 Nov 1799)
2882:(4 Sep 1797)
2819:(1 Apr 1795)
2789:White Terror
2782:guillotined
2759:(5 Apr 1794)
2706:
2686:(2 Jun 1793)
2556:(3 Sep 1791)
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2467:(2 Nov 1789)
2459:(5 Oct 1789)
2387:(5 May 1789)
2365:
2342:(7 Jun 1788)
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5444:1746 births
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5243:Montesquieu
5159:Social Club
5101:Jean Chouan
4991:Louis XVIII
4768:Roger Ducos
4738:Paul Barras
4705:Montagnards
4635:Abbé SieyÚs
4438:monarchiens
4246:Netherlands
4175:(Hungarian)
4123:(Hungarian)
4039:French Navy
3965: [
3887:Jean Lannes
3744:French Army
3522:(1798â1802)
3493:(1798â1800)
3477:(1798â1801)
3207:Chouannerie
3168:(Pyrenees)
3033: [
3000:Chouannerie
2792:(Fall 1794)
2780:Robespierre
2097:(1880â1882)
1827:(1): 9â31.
1796:(in French)
1608:Israel 2014
1549:14 December
1478:9 September
1344:9 September
1338:10871/33268
1298:25 February
1133:8 September
1129:(in French)
1061:8 September
952:Malesherbes
915:Dantonists.
680:Robespierre
580:Coffinhal's
557:9 Thermidor
471:Montagnards
172:Robespierre
151:during the
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5147:Cordeliers
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4848:HĂ©bertists
4602:Jean Debry
4432:Feuillants
4061:Opposition
3957:Michel Ney
3379:(Dec 1796)
2987:Thionville
2890:(Dec 1797)
2863:(May 1796)
2855:5 Oct 1795
2832:Directoire
2712:(painting)
2615:(Sep 1792)
2599:(Jun 1792)
2432:Great Fear
2371:(Jan 1789)
2262:Revolution
2031:References
1929:(1): 185.
1866:(3): 136.
822:Video game
757:Literature
684:Saint-Just
611:accomplice
588:Saint-Just
462:Indulgents
382:indictment
221:department
176:guillotine
100:Occupation
94:Guillotine
75:7 May 1795
4981:Louis XVI
4976:Charles X
4627:The Plain
4538:Girondins
4478:Lafayette
4139:(Walloon)
4121:PĂĄl Kray
4097:(Walloon)
3639:(1800â02)
3490:Quasi-War
2949:Consulate
2835:(1795â99)
2290:Consulate
2283:Directory
1945:0084-6473
1880:0246-2346
1841:0016-1071
1766:1639-4399
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752:Posterity
502:Thermidor
441:courtroom
406:Coffinhal
259:procureur
206:Biography
108:Signature
5469:Jacobins
5341:Panthéon
5329:Muscadin
5324:Marianne
5263:Voltaire
5142:Jacobins
5135:Factions
4675:Mirabeau
4131:(French)
3025:Jemappes
3009:Dauphiné
2492:Nobility
2304:Journals
2297:Glossary
2276:Republic
2248:Timeline
2160:Archived
1860:Le DĂ©bat
1292:Archived
802:'s film
700:and the
691:Analysis
532:Downfall
467:Jacobins
431:both on
264:ChĂątelet
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4969:Figures
4854:Enragés
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2982:Verdun
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2241:Causes
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