535:- the belly shell - is used in TCM prescriptions. Some TCM scientists argue that there is no difference between plastron and carapace (back shell) bone. So, if both plastron and carapace bone are utilized, the demand of TCM for freshwater turtles, including four-eyed turtles, could decrease by 50% or even more, since the carapace is larger than the plastron. Current TCM research also suggests that there is no pharmaceutical difference in the effects of bone from animals produced on farms and animals captured in nature. As a result, farm production of turtle bone for TCM is likely to increase. In addition, TCM research could help find alternatives to turtle bone such as herbs.
92:
31:
50:
1114:
437:
length of 15 cm (5.9 in). Its carapace typically ranges in color from a yellowish-tan to a deep chocolate-brown, and all turtles have a distinct pattern of lines. The turtle's head is often colorful with yellow or green eyes, yellow stripes, and a pink or red throat. Two (sometimes four)
543:
The Asian Turtle
Program has helped publicize turtle conservation all throughout Asia. The ATP, a branch of Indo-Myanmar Conservation, has a regularly updated website with up-to-date news that helps spotlight the status of endangered turtles throughout Asia.
515:
A main factor in the decline of the four-eyed turtle is trade and demand for their shells. Therefore, species recovery programs are needed to ensure the future of the species. There is currently an extensive communication between zoo and
4257:
509:
4293:
520:
personnel in
Vietnam whose goal is to coordinate recovery programs. The recovery programs will include legal protection for the turtles which will affect turtle trading.
926:
937:
984:
843:
815:
4187:
918:(2001). New Chinese turtles: endangered or invalid? A reassessment of two species using mitochondrial DNA, allozyme electrophoresis and known-locality specimens.
4308:
4226:
793:
979:
697:
4161:
4200:
1016:
476:
While their dietary preferences have not been studied in detail, it is known that they do eat a wide variety of animals and plants including
1876:
4303:
1241:
531:
confirmed that 940 tons of hard shelled turtle bone and 200 tons of soft shell turtle bones were imported between 1992 and 1998. The
1396:
1311:
1291:
369:. Its name refers to two bright yellow or green spots that occur on the back of its head that can look like another pair of eyes.
3909:
2992:
1231:
4205:
4036:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
1845:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
854:
826:
417:
in captivity. Given that the "four-eye" pattern is inherited by these hybrids, it seems well possible that the mysterious
54:
3886:
1536:
524:
4034:
1844:
4122:
4045:
2568:
1952:
1744:
1631:
1622:
1491:
1451:
1181:
801:
4100:
2301:
1501:
1496:
1391:
4231:
675:
4114:
1301:
1171:
1009:
418:
892:
91:
2947:
1869:
1812:
1761:
1246:
1342:
974:
1350:
951:
Sitzungsberichte der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
3803:
1754:
1734:
1586:
1441:
1306:
1206:
1176:
1161:
270:
705:
4062:
3775:
2575:
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2173:
1782:
1651:
1642:
1556:
1546:
1471:
1462:
1216:
1211:
4127:
1334:
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2021:
1739:
1724:
1416:
1407:
1296:
1156:
517:
501:
206:
311:
4148:
3761:
2427:
2051:
1729:
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1541:
1436:
1261:
1002:
942:
222:
3746:
2105:
1862:
1749:
1676:
1671:
1606:
1581:
1551:
1531:
1226:
323:
307:
39:
585:
3153:
3118:
2985:
2783:
2724:
2694:
1807:
1693:
1686:
1611:
1561:
1521:
1251:
1236:
1201:
414:
386:
281:
231:
86:
2702:
2456:
4192:
4135:
3696:
2679:
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2622:
2505:
2082:
1719:
1714:
1371:
1362:
1286:
1281:
1256:
1221:
657:
439:
916:
Parham, James Ford; Simison, W. Brian; Kozak, Kenneth H.; Feldman, Chris R. & Shi, Haitao
4298:
4252:
3488:
2876:
2851:
2812:
2760:
2491:
2036:
1192:
1166:
647:
580:
410:
257:
4218:
4239:
3936:
3584:
3313:
3281:
2918:
2827:
2603:
2189:
1934:
1798:
294:
473:. As a result of their rugged surroundings, they have adapted to become adept climbers.
3831:
3821:
3718:
3568:
3408:
3110:
3055:
2797:
2732:
2272:
2263:
2232:
2140:
2029:
1943:
1526:
768:
512:(CITES) meaning international trade (including in parts and derivatives) is regulated.
30:
4287:
4213:
4011:
3894:
3794:
3783:
3754:
3668:
3552:
3536:
3496:
3430:
3340:
3305:
3249:
3233:
3217:
3191:
3179:
3163:
3141:
3133:
2940:
2651:
2484:
2345:
2292:
2240:
1135:
1124:
1074:
571:
163:
59:
872:"Conclusions from the Workshop on Trade in Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles in Asia"
562:
4140:
3946:
3871:
3847:
3364:
3241:
3225:
3201:
3102:
3047:
2971:
2887:
2861:
2775:
2686:
2665:
2589:
2554:
2364:
2330:
2197:
2113:
2059:
1705:
1572:
1446:
743:
561:
Fong, J.; Hoang, H.; Li, P.; McCormack, T.; Rao, D.-Q.; Shi, H.; Wang, L. (2021).
4270:
4174:
4094:
3924:
3879:
3725:
3710:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3592:
3472:
3456:
3440:
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3348:
3297:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3125:
3077:
3000:
2925:
2790:
2746:
2672:
2658:
2610:
2467:
2385:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2224:
2166:
2158:
2075:
2067:
2014:
2004:
1832:
1823:
1100:
1080:
1026:
173:
4085:
4003:
3916:
3902:
3863:
3640:
3560:
3528:
3512:
3480:
3418:
3391:
3372:
3289:
3094:
3014:
3007:
2955:
2932:
2842:
2709:
2441:
2248:
2181:
2098:
2090:
1993:
1984:
1323:
1068:
1062:
366:
153:
816:"Turtle Adoption Package - for the Turtle Conservation Centre (TCC), Vietnam"
661:
3995:
3855:
3839:
3768:
3732:
3682:
3675:
3600:
3576:
3520:
3464:
3171:
2963:
2911:
2869:
2582:
2540:
2448:
2434:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2371:
2216:
2044:
1662:
1482:
339:
103:
610:
4244:
989:
4079:
3810:
3739:
3659:
3648:
3544:
3209:
3086:
2978:
2820:
2805:
2767:
2716:
2642:
2547:
2526:
2512:
2498:
2354:
2281:
2150:
2129:
2121:
1903:
1512:
1427:
1382:
1272:
1044:
652:
635:
532:
477:
467:
463:
434:
123:
4166:
3954:
3703:
3608:
3504:
3448:
3028:
3021:
2903:
2753:
2739:
2596:
2561:
2476:
2378:
1918:
1909:
1773:
1597:
1147:
1056:
1050:
489:
470:
451:
406:
394:
362:
183:
133:
4179:
4109:
3689:
3332:
1924:
1897:
1885:
1038:
994:
896:
871:
528:
455:
382:
143:
113:
4056:
4265:
2896:
1963:
485:
459:
378:
76:
70:
2392:
505:
481:
390:
4153:
4060:
1858:
998:
523:
Large quantities of turtle shell are used as an ingredient in
1854:
442:
occur on the back of the head, hence the turtle's name.
674:
Sometimes confused with a related and similar species,
510:
4069:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3934:
3820:
3793:
3658:
3428:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3323:
3189:
3151:
3076:
3069:
3038:
2886:
2850:
2841:
2641:
2620:
2466:
2353:
2344:
2291:
2271:
2262:
2207:
2139:
2003:
1992:
1983:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1821:
1796:
1771:
1703:
1660:
1640:
1620:
1595:
1570:
1510:
1480:
1460:
1425:
1405:
1380:
1360:
1320:
1270:
1190:
1145:
1121:
1089:
704:. Asian Turtle Conservation Network. Archived from
393:, and in the mountains of northern and central
4033:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1870:
1843:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1010:
586:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19797A2507554.en
8:
4294:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
4057:
3983:
3976:
3403:
3396:
3073:
2847:
2350:
2268:
2000:
1989:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1877:
1863:
1855:
1093:
1017:
1003:
995:
508:. It is also listed in Appendix II of the
425:) is actually based on a hybrid specimen.
377:This species of turtle occurs in southern
48:
29:
20:
651:
584:
488:, trout chow, aquatic plants, greens and
947:Schildkröten des östlichen Hinterindien
605:
603:
553:
692:
690:
688:
636:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
450:Four-eyed turtles occur in freshwater
975:Cuc Phuong Turtle Conservation Center
319:Sacalia quadriocellata quadriocellata
7:
4309:Critically endangered fauna of China
1242:Vietnamese three-striped box turtle
893:"Asian Turtle Conservation Network"
572:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
433:The four-eyed turtle can grow to a
874:. Asian Turtle Trade Working Group
744:"Chinese Four-Eyed Turtles, genus
14:
1397:Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle
1312:Western black-bridged leaf turtle
1292:Eastern black-bridged leaf turtle
634:Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007).
1112:
331:Sacalia quadriocellata insularis
90:
1232:Southern Vietnamese box turtle
1:
985:ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity
302:Sacalia bealei quadriocellata
265:Clemmys bealei quadriocellata
1537:Chinese stripe-necked turtle
525:Traditional Chinese Medicine
4046:List of Testudines families
1745:Mexican spotted wood turtle
1632:Malayan flat-shelled turtle
1492:Malayan snail-eating turtle
1452:Yellow-headed temple turtle
1182:Three-striped roofed turtle
389:and northeastern region of
4325:
4304:Reptiles described in 1903
1502:Khorat snail-eating turtle
1497:Mekong snail-eating turtle
1392:Black-breasted leaf turtle
1110:
844:"Turtle Survival Alliance"
794:"Species Spotlight Vol. 6"
792:Gray, Jordan (June 2017).
409:has successfully produced
4029:
1960:
1892:
1841:
1302:Myanmar brown leaf turtle
1172:Red-crowned roofed turtle
1096:
1033:
500:The species is listed as
419:Chinese false-eyed turtle
237:
230:
212:
205:
87:Scientific classification
85:
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1813:Philippine forest turtle
1762:Rhinoclemmys panamaensis
1343:Echmatemys stevensoniana
1247:Yellow-headed box turtle
962:nov. var. quadriocellata
798:Turtle Survival Alliance
773:Turtle Survival Alliance
676:Beale's four-eyed turtle
278:Clemmys beali insulensis
1755:Spot-legged wood turtle
1735:Large-nosed wood turtle
1587:Tricarinate hill turtle
1442:Giant Asian pond turtle
1351:Echmatemys wyomingensis
1177:Southern river terrapin
1162:Northern river terrapin
990:The Asian Turtle Crisis
496:Status and conservation
4115:sacalia-quadriocellata
4101:Sacalia quadriocellata
4071:Sacalia quadriocellata
1652:Malaysian giant turtle
1557:Vietnamese pond turtle
1547:Red-necked pond turtle
1472:Sulawesi forest turtle
1212:Indochinese box turtle
1098:Species of the family
700:Sacalia quadriocellata
565:Sacalia quadriocellata
492:, and certain fruits.
358:Sacalia quadriocellata
289:Sacalia quadriocellata
253:Clemmys quadriocellata
216:Sacalia quadriocellata
198:S. quadriocellata
1740:Maracaibo wood turtle
1725:Colombian wood turtle
1417:Brahminy river turtle
1297:Enigmatic leaf turtle
1157:Burmese roofed turtle
964:", pp. 336–338).
943:Siebenrock, Friedrich
527:(TCM). For instance,
502:Critically Endangered
423:Sacalia pseudocellata
55:Critically Endangered
1730:Furrowed wood turtle
1682:Indian roofed turtle
1542:Japanese pond turtle
1437:Arakan forest turtle
1307:Oldham's leaf turtle
1207:Bourret's box turtle
823:Asian Turtle Program
653:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
611:"Appendices | CITES"
579:: e.T19797A2507554.
539:Conservation efforts
1783:Beale's eyed turtle
1750:Painted wood turtle
1677:Brown roofed turtle
1672:Assam roofed turtle
1607:Burmese eyed turtle
1582:Indian black turtle
1552:Spanish pond turtle
1532:Chinese pond turtle
1335:Echmatemys septaria
1217:McCord's box turtle
1136:Banhxeochelys trani
931:Animal Conservation
920:Animal Conservation
851:Turtle Survival org
40:Conservation status
3154:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3119:Macrocephalochelys
1808:Black marsh turtle
1694:Pangshura tatrotia
1687:Indian tent turtle
1612:Indian eyed turtle
1562:Yellow pond turtle
1522:Balkan pond turtle
1252:Chinese box turtle
1237:Golden coin turtle
1202:Amboina box turtle
769:"Four-eyed Turtle"
640:Vertebrate Zoology
415:Golden coin turtle
387:Annamite Mountains
4281:
4280:
4063:Taxon identifiers
4054:
4053:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4020:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3065:
3064:
2837:
2836:
2340:
2339:
2258:
2257:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1852:
1851:
1720:Brown wood turtle
1715:Black wood turtle
1372:Black pond turtle
1287:Assam leaf turtle
1282:Asian leaf turtle
1262:Zhou's box turtle
1257:Yunnan box turtle
1222:Keeled box turtle
1108:
1107:
349:
348:
336:
327:
315:
298:
285:
274:
261:
249:
80:
63:
24:Four-eyed turtle
16:Species of turtle
4316:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4234:
4222:
4221:
4209:
4208:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4169:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4130:
4118:
4117:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4058:
3984:
3977:
3489:Chupacabrachelys
3404:
3397:
3074:
2852:Carettochelyidae
2848:
2351:
2269:
2001:
1990:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1856:
1788:Four-eyed turtle
1227:Pan's box turtle
1167:Painted terrapin
1116:
1115:
1094:
1019:
1012:
1005:
996:
917:
908:
907:
905:
904:
895:. Archived from
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
868:
862:
861:
859:
853:. Archived from
848:
840:
834:
833:
831:
825:. Archived from
820:
812:
806:
805:
800:. Archived from
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
740:
734:
729:(2001), Buskirk
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
694:
683:
672:
666:
665:
655:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
607:
598:
597:
595:
593:
588:
558:
373:Geographic range
353:four-eyed turtle
334:
321:
305:
292:
280:
268:
255:
248:Siebenrock, 1903
247:
218:
95:
94:
74:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4243:
4240:Observation.org
4238:
4230:
4225:
4217:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4134:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4065:
4055:
4050:
4017:
3960:
3937:Sahonachelyidae
3930:
3816:
3789:
3654:
3585:Phosphatochelys
3424:
3378:
3319:
3314:Terlinguachelys
3282:Pneumatoarthrus
3185:
3147:
3061:
3034:
2882:
2833:
2637:
2616:
2604:Siebenrockiella
2462:
2336:
2287:
2254:
2203:
2190:Mesodermochelys
2135:
1996:
1967:
1929:
1888:
1883:
1853:
1848:
1837:
1817:
1799:Siebenrockiella
1792:
1767:
1699:
1656:
1636:
1616:
1591:
1566:
1506:
1476:
1456:
1421:
1401:
1376:
1356:
1316:
1266:
1186:
1141:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1085:
1029:
1023:
971:
915:
912:
911:
902:
900:
891:
890:
886:
877:
875:
870:
869:
865:
857:
846:
842:
841:
837:
829:
818:
814:
813:
809:
791:
790:
786:
777:
775:
767:
766:
762:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
724:
720:
711:
709:
696:
695:
686:
673:
669:
633:
632:
628:
619:
617:
609:
608:
601:
591:
589:
560:
559:
555:
550:
541:
498:
448:
431:
405:A male of this
403:
375:
333:
304:
291:
267:
226:
220:
214:
201:
89:
81:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4322:
4320:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4286:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4262:
4258:quadriocellata
4249:
4236:
4223:
4210:
4197:
4184:
4171:
4158:
4145:
4132:
4119:
4106:
4091:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4040:
4039:. † = extinct.
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3990:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3832:Albertwoodemys
3826:
3824:
3822:Podocnemididae
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3719:Lomalatachelys
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3569:Labrostochelys
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3435:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3413:
3411:
3409:Araripemydidae
3401:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3196:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3111:Emarginachelys
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3056:Sinaspideretes
3051:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2733:Hesperotestudo
2728:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2623:Platysternidae
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2275:
2273:Dermatemydidae
2266:
2264:Kinosternoidea
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2233:Procolpochelys
2228:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2141:Dermochelyidae
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2030:Carolinochelys
2025:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Caspian turtle
1524:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
999:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
970:
969:External links
967:
966:
965:
958:Clemmys bealii
940:
925:(4): 357–367.
910:
909:
884:
863:
860:on 2013-01-27.
835:
832:on 2013-01-27.
807:
804:on 2018-07-19.
784:
760:
750:. Hopson, Mary
735:
718:
684:
680:Sacalia bealei
667:
646:(2): 247–248.
626:
599:
552:
551:
549:
546:
540:
537:
497:
494:
447:
444:
430:
427:
402:
399:
374:
371:
347:
346:
345:
344:
328:
316:
299:
286:
275:
262:
250:
245:quadriocellata
241:Clemmys bealii
235:
234:
228:
227:
221:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
193:
189:
188:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
83:
82:
69:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4321:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4014:
4013:
4012:Tacuarembemys
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:Sahonachelys
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3910:Peltocephalus
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:Lapparentemys
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3795:Pelomedusidae
3792:
3786:
3785:
3784:Yaminuechelys
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3755:Prochelidella
3751:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:Acanthochelys
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:Kinkonychelys
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:Itapecuruemys
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3497:Eotaphrosphys
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3431:Bothremydidae
3427:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3341:Argillochelys
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3306:Santanachelys
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:Desmatochelys
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3234:Calcarichelys
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:Atlantochelys
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3192:Protostegidae
3188:
3182:
3181:
3180:Jiangxichelys
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:Anomalochelys
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3142:Protochelydra
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:Planiplastron
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2941:Drazinderetes
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2877:Carettochelys
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:Malacochersus
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:Aldabrachelys
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:Leucocephalon
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:Banhxeochelys
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Testudinoidea
2343:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2293:Kinosternidae
2290:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2241:Protosphargis
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:(Sea turtles)
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1563:
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1125:Banhxeochelys
1120:
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1075:Testudinoidea
1073:Superfamily:
1072:
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956:: 333-353. ("
955:
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938:HTML abstract
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927:HTML abstract
924:
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899:on 2007-05-29
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401:Hybridization
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207:Binomial name
204:
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164:Testudinoidea
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160:Superfamily:
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72:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4070:
4035:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3953:
3945:
3923:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3887:Erymnochelys
3885:
3878:
3872:Cerrejonemys
3870:
3862:
3854:
3848:Brontochelys
3846:
3838:
3830:
3809:
3802:
3782:
3774:
3767:
3762:Pseudemydura
3760:
3753:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
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3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3417:
3371:
3365:Prionochelys
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3242:Cratochelone
3240:
3232:
3226:Bouliachelys
3224:
3216:
3208:
3202:Alienochelys
3200:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3103:Chelydropsis
3101:
3093:
3085:
3054:
3048:Basilochelys
3046:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2972:Khunnuchelys
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2888:Trionychidae
2875:
2868:
2862:Allaeochelys
2860:
2826:
2819:
2813:Stigmochelys
2811:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2776:Megalochelys
2774:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2687:Cylindraspis
2685:
2678:
2671:
2666:Centrochelys
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:Testudinidae
2632:Platysternon
2630:
2611:Vijayachelys
2609:
2602:
2595:
2590:Rhinoclemmys
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2555:Melanochelys
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2365:Acherontemys
2363:
2331:Sternotherus
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2280:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2198:Psephophorus
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2128:
2120:
2114:Pacifichelys
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:Lepidochelys
2081:
2074:
2066:
2060:Gigantatypus
2058:
2052:Eretmochelys
2050:
2043:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2013:
1994:Chelonioidea
1962:
1914:
1847:. †=Extinct.
1824:Vijayachelys
1822:
1797:
1787:
1772:
1760:
1706:Rhinoclemmys
1704:
1692:
1661:
1641:
1621:
1596:
1573:Melanochelys
1571:
1511:
1481:
1461:
1447:Spiny turtle
1426:
1406:
1381:
1361:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1322:
1271:
1191:
1146:
1134:
1123:
1099:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
933:
930:
922:
919:
901:. Retrieved
897:the original
887:
876:. Retrieved
866:
855:the original
850:
838:
827:the original
822:
810:
802:the original
797:
787:
776:. Retrieved
772:
763:
752:. Retrieved
745:
738:
730:
726:
721:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
699:
679:
670:
643:
639:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:
590:. Retrieved
576:
570:
564:
556:
542:
522:
518:conservation
514:
499:
475:
449:
432:
422:
404:
376:
357:
356:
352:
350:
338:
335:Artner, 2003
330:
318:
301:
288:
277:
264:
252:
244:
240:
215:
213:
197:
196:
184:
18:
4175:iNaturalist
4095:Wikispecies
3925:Stupendemys
3880:Cordichelys
3726:Mesoclemmys
3711:Hydromedusa
3633:Taphrosphys
3625:Sankuchemys
3617:Rhothonemys
3593:Polysternon
3473:Cearachelys
3457:Azabbaremys
3441:Araiochelys
3357:Ctenochelys
3349:Bashuchelys
3298:Rhinochelys
3274:Ocepechelon
3266:Notochelone
3258:Iserosaurus
3126:Macrochelys
3078:Chelydridae
3001:Palaeoamyda
2926:Cyclanorbis
2791:Psammobates
2784:Oligopherus
2747:Indotestudo
2695:Cymatholcus
2673:Chelonoidis
2659:Astrochelys
2468:Geoemydidae
2386:Deirochelys
2324:Staurotypus
2317:Kinosternon
2310:Hoplochelys
2225:Peritresius
2174:Dermochelys
2167:Cosmochelys
2159:Corsochelys
2076:Itilochelys
2068:Glarichelys
2015:Allopleuron
2005:Cheloniidae
1944:Superfamily
1833:Cane turtle
1101:Geoemydidae
1081:Geoemydidae
1027:Geoemydidae
945:. (1903). "
592:19 November
468:mountainous
429:Description
174:Geoemydidae
73:Appendix II
4288:Categories
4004:Caririemys
3917:Podocnemis
3903:Latentemys
3864:Carbonemys
3804:Pelomedusa
3641:Ummulisani
3561:Kurmademys
3529:Inaechelys
3513:Galianemys
3481:Chedighaii
3419:Araripemys
3392:Pleurodira
3373:Toxochelys
3290:Protostega
3095:Chelydrops
3015:Pelodiscus
3008:Pelochelys
2956:Gilmoremys
2933:Cycloderma
2843:Trionychia
2710:Geochelone
2703:Floridemys
2569:Notochelys
2457:Wilburemys
2428:Malaclemys
2282:Dermatemys
2249:Puppigerus
2182:Eosphargis
2099:Miocaretta
2091:Mexichelys
1985:Cryptodira
1925:Testudines
1886:Testudines
1623:Notochelys
1324:Echmatemys
1069:Cryptodira
1067:Suborder:
1063:Testudines
1055:Subclass:
903:2007-05-19
878:2007-05-19
778:2024-05-23
754:2007-05-09
712:2007-05-08
620:2022-01-14
548:References
367:Testudines
312:R. Barbour
223:Siebenrock
154:Cryptodira
150:Suborder:
144:Testudines
4044:See also
3996:Caribemys
3856:Caninemys
3840:Bauruemys
3769:Rheodytes
3733:Myuchelys
3676:Chelodina
3601:Puentemys
3577:Nigeremys
3521:Ilatardia
3465:Bothremys
3172:Basilemys
2986:Nilssonia
2964:Hutchemys
2912:Axestemys
2870:Anosteira
2725:Hadrianus
2583:Pangshura
2541:Malayemys
2506:Geoclemys
2449:Trachemys
2442:Terrapene
2435:Pseudemys
2421:Graptemys
2414:Glyptemys
2407:Emydoidea
2400:Actinemys
2372:Chrysemys
2217:Euclastes
2045:Eochelone
1896:Kingdom:
1663:Pangshura
1483:Malayemys
1363:Geoclemys
1037:Kingdom:
929:Erratum:
662:1864-5755
615:cites.org
438:eye-like
413:with the
385:, in the
340:ex errore
295:Pritchard
192:Species:
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
4266:Species+
4193:10639549
4086:Q2600292
4080:Wikidata
3811:Pelusios
3776:Rhinemys
3747:Platemys
3740:Phrynops
3660:Chelidae
3649:Zolhafah
3545:Jainemys
3210:Archelon
3087:Chelydra
2979:Lissemys
2821:Stylemys
2806:Solitudo
2768:Manouria
2717:Gopherus
2680:Chersina
2548:Mauremys
2527:Heosemys
2520:Hardella
2513:Geoemyda
2499:Cyclemys
2355:Emydidae
2302:Claudius
2151:Arabemys
2130:Tasbacka
2122:Syllomus
2037:Chelonia
1935:Suborder
1919:Diapsida
1910:Reptilia
1904:Chordata
1902:Phylum:
1898:Animalia
1513:Mauremys
1428:Heosemys
1408:Hardella
1383:Geoemyda
1273:Cyclemys
1079:Family:
1057:Anapsida
1051:Reptilia
1045:Chordata
1043:Phylum:
1039:Animalia
936:(1): 86
533:plastron
490:lettuces
478:crickets
471:habitats
466:, often
464:woodland
435:carapace
322:—
308:C. Ernst
306:—
293:—
269:—
256:—
232:Synonyms
170:Family:
134:Reptilia
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
4299:Sacalia
4167:2443457
3955:Sokatra
3704:Emydura
3609:Rosasia
3505:Foxemys
3449:Arenila
3029:Trionyx
3022:Rafetus
2948:Dogania
2904:Apalone
2828:Testudo
2754:Kinixys
2740:Homopus
2597:Sacalia
2576:Orlitia
2562:Morenia
2477:Batagur
2379:Clemmys
2106:Natator
2022:Caretta
1923:Order:
1908:Class:
1774:Sacalia
1643:Orlitia
1598:Morenia
1148:Batagur
1061:Order:
1049:Class:
1025:Family
746:Sacalia
733:(2005).
725:Parham
504:by the
452:streams
446:Ecology
411:hybrids
407:species
395:Vietnam
363:reptile
361:) is a
271:Bourret
185:Sacalia
180:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
58: (
4245:102974
4206:551941
4154:789948
4128:191067
4110:ARKive
3987:
3980:
3973:
3697:Elusor
3690:Elseya
3683:Chelus
3400:
3333:Adocus
3324:
3070:
3039:
2919:Chitra
2621:
2208:
1953:Family
1090:Genera
980:ARKive
731:et al.
727:et al.
660:
529:Taiwan
486:snails
458:, and
456:brooks
440:ocelli
383:Hainan
326:, 2003
324:Artner
314:, 1989
310:&
297:, 1979
284:, 1962
273:, 1941
260:, 1934
225:, 1903
4271:11259
4232:74934
4219:19797
4188:IRMNG
4180:39921
4141:4TVYB
2993:Palea
2897:Amyda
2798:Pyxis
2492:Cuora
1964:Genus
1915:Clade
1193:Cuora
960:Gray
858:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
830:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
482:worms
460:ponds
379:China
282:Adler
243:var.
77:CITES
71:CITES
4227:NCBI
4214:IUCN
4201:ITIS
4162:GBIF
4123:BOLD
2393:Emys
658:ISSN
594:2021
577:2021
506:IUCN
391:Laos
381:and
351:The
258:Pope
4149:EoL
4136:CoL
954:112
949:".
648:doi
581:doi
462:in
4290::
4268::
4255::
4253:RD
4242::
4229::
4216::
4203::
4190::
4177::
4164::
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4138::
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4097::
4082::
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796:.
771:.
687:^
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656:.
644:57
642:.
638:.
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575:.
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397:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
