63:
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29:
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974:, by acknowledging them directly. Conway argues that this expansion of the magic circle in video games actually serves to more fully immerse a player into the fictional world rather than take the viewer out of the fictional world, as is more common in traditional fourth wall breaks. An example of this expansion of the magic circle can be found in the game
414:, "Some film-makers believe you should never have an actor look directly into the camera. They maintain it makes the audience uneasy, and interrupts the screen story. I think that is nonsense, and usually I have my actors, in a single, look direct into the camera at least once in a film, if a point is to be served."
951:
running on the player's computer, with certain characters being aware of this fact and sometimes communicating directly with the player. In other cases of metafictional video games, the game alters the player's expectation of how the game should behave, which may make the player question if their own
171:
is achieved when the performance convention of avoiding direct contact with the camera, generally used by actors in a television drama or film, is temporarily suspended. The phrase "breaking the fourth wall" is used to describe such effects in those media. Breaking the fourth wall is also possible in
155:
or performance space, or the actors' distance from or proximity to the audience. In practice, performers often feed off the energy of the audience in a palpable way while modulating performance around the collective response, especially in pacing action around outbursts of laughter, so that lines are
919:
elements on the screen (such as explanations of the game's controls) that address the player rather than their character. Methods of fourth wall breaking within the narrative include having the character face the direction of the player/screen, having a self-aware character that recognizes that they
162:
is violating this performance convention, which has been adopted more generally in the drama. This can be done by either directly referring to the audience, the play as a play, or the characters' fictionality. The temporary suspension of the convention in this way draws attention to its use in the
1097:
used the genre to question the accepted knowledge and sources of the culture. The use of metafiction or breaking the fourth wall in literature varies from that on stage in that the experience is not communal but personal to the reader and develops a self-consciousness within the character/reader
592:
the entire cast breaks the fourth wall and performs a curtain call as the credits roll. The camera moves slowly along a railway track towards a train that is decked in flags, in front of which all of the cast is assembled, waving and cheering to the camera. At the start of the credit sequence, a
754:
directly speak to the audience during interview sequences. Characters are removed from the rest of the group to speak and reflect on their experiences. The person behind the camera, the interviewer, is also referenced when the characters gaze and speak straight to the camera. The interviewer,
150:
called "public solitude" (the ability to behave as one would in private, despite, in actuality, being watched intently while so doing, or to be "alone in public"). In this way, the fourth wall exists regardless of the presence of any actual walls in the set, the physical arrangement of the
647:
has Paul and Peter repeatedly breaking the fourth wall by turning around and winking at the camera, talking to the audience by saying they are probably rooting for the family, addressing the film is not at its feature runtime and smiling at the camera at the end of the film.
980:, in which the player receives an in-game email at their real-life email address and must visit out-of-game websites to solve some of the puzzles in the game. Other games may expand the magic circle to include the game's hardware. For example,
941:) is aware that she is a part of a video game, and at the end, communicates with the player. To progress further in the story, the player must remove the “monika.chr” file (an action they take outside of the game). The plot of the game
755:
however, is only indirectly spoken to and remains hidden. This technique, when used in shows with complex genres, serves to heighten the comic tone of the show while also proving that the camera itself is far from a passive onlooker.
404:, who frequently spoke to the audience to explain the thinking and motivation of the womanizing young man, speaking directly to the camera, narrating and justifying his actions, his words often contrasting with his actions.
94:
in which an invisible, imaginary wall separates actors from the audience. While the audience can see through this "wall", the convention assumes the actors act as if they cannot. From the 16th century onward, the rise of
235:, which has led some artists to draw direct attention to it for dramatic or comic effect when a boundary is "broken" when an actor or character addresses the audience directly. Breaking the fourth wall is common in
955:
But since video games are inherently much more interactive than traditional films and literature, defining what truly breaks the fourth wall in the video game medium becomes difficult. Steven Conway, writing for
1793:
1052:. The metafiction genre occurs when a character within a literary work acknowledges the reality that they are in fact a fictitious being. The use of the fourth wall in literature can be traced back as far as
784:
addresses the audience several times during each episode, giving the viewer comments on his own actions on the show. The same technique is also used, though less frequently, in the
American adaptation of
1651:
204:, who wrote in 1758 that actors and writers should "imagine a huge wall across the front of the stage, separating you from the audience, and behave exactly as if the curtain had never risen". Critic
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relationship that works to build trust and expand thought. This does not involve an acknowledgment of a character's fictive nature. Breaking the fourth wall in literature is not always metafiction.
593:
voice can be heard shouting "Thank you, Mr. Forbes" to acknowledge producer Bryan Forbes. In the end, Bobbie
Waterbury (Jenny Agutter) holds up a small slate on which "The End" is written in chalk.
200:
between a work of fiction and an audience, allowing them to enjoy the fiction as though they were observing real events. The concept is usually attributed to the philosopher, critic and dramatist
391:(1977), as he explained, "because I felt many of the people in the audience had the same feelings and the same problems. I wanted to talk to them directly and confront them." His 1985 film
1025:
is also a well-known example of this, as the narrator from the game constantly tries to reason with the player, even going so far as to beg the player to switch off the game at one point.
1826:
824:) speaking directly to the television viewer that frequently breaks the fourth wall to explain various literary wordplay in a manner similar to the book's narration. The protagonist of
1581:
37:
1976:
702:) gave to Sammy about framing beforehand (in a scene recreating the famous encounter between Spielberg and Ford in the 1960s). The shot was already in the script prior to filming.
886:
to trigger media-awareness in the recipient, used to signpost the drastic shift in perspective from the Eldian to the
Marleyan side, and can be employed in all sorts of media.
400:
The fourth wall was used as an integral part of the plot structure and to demonstrate the character played by
Michael Caine, in his eponymous breakout role in the 1966 film
2053:
146:. The actors ignore the audience, focus their attention exclusively on the dramatic world, and remain absorbed in its fiction, in a state that the theatre practitioner
2221:
373:
frequently broke the fourth wall, such that with these films "the fourth wall is so flimsy and so frequently shattered that it might as well not exist", according to
1783:
1403:
868:
in order to draw attention to or invite reflection about a specific in-universe issue. An example of this is in the first episode of the final season of the show
2135:
2252:
748:. Mockumentary shows that break the fourth wall poke fun at the documentary genre with the intention of increasing the satiric tone of the show. Characters in
1673:
Barth, Josie Torres (2019). "Sitting Closer to the Screen: Early
Televisual Address, the Unsettling of the Domestic Sphere, and Close Reading Historical TV".
1310:
1640:
2176:
804:
1857:
453:, the eponymous character breaks the fourth wall to talk directly to the audience throughout the entire movie. Characters in the 2017 mockumentary film
920:
are in a video game, or having secret or bonus content set outside the game's narrative that can either extend the game world (such as with the use of
1037:
Flip, Nemo, and Impie breaking the fourth wall by breaking apart the panel's outlines and detaching the letters of the title within their comic book
1009:
has the eponymous character come to the realization he and other characters are in a video game and narrates what the player sees as part of the UI.
970:" (the fictional game world) to encompass the player. This is in contrast to traditional fourth wall breaks, which break the audience's illusion or
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1817:
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in his games where the on-screen character would look to the player and tap his foot impatiently if left alone for a while, and one level of
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for the Mega Drive/Genesis requires players to reset their game console at a certain point to reset the X-Men's in-game Hazard Room, while
2283:
1015:, which included a sanity meter, would simulate various common computer glitches to the player as the sanity meter drained, including the
1966:
54:
gives the illusion of a real room. The actors act as if unaware of the audience, separated by an invisible "fourth wall", defined by the
1115:
wrote a novel called "The 4th wall" of the setting-up of a theatrical performance of
Antigone in Beirut, while the civil war is raging.
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Given their interactive nature, nearly all video games break the fourth wall by asking for the player's participation and having
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428:
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2009:
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331:, in which the enigmatic author – who portrays herself – interrupts the vignettes onscreen to address the audience directly.
62:
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71:
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also frequently uses the technique to provide exposition, internal monologues, and a running commentary to the audience.
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632:
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370:
327:
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962:, suggests that in video games, many purported examples of breaking the fourth wall are actually better understood as
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347:
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449:
2327:
1300:
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933:
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108:
1707:
Savorelli, Antonio. Beyond Sitcom: New
Directions in American Television Comedy. North Carolina: McFarland, 2010.
287:
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217:
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Doctor Who
Magazine #279, 30 June 1999, Archive: The Caves Of Androzani by Andrew Pixley, Marvel Comics UK Ltd.
851:
393:
583:
breaks the fourth wall by declaring that the film is not over and then proceeding to ruin a wedding ceremony.
126:. When a scene is set indoors and three of the walls of its room are presented onstage, in what is known as a
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33:
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1818:"Fleabag, episode 4 review: another superb, poignant episode that was both shocking and shockingly good"
1750:
1074:
924:) or provide "behind the scenes" type content. Such cases typically create a video game that includes a
857:
729:, which the troupe also brought to their feature films. George Burns regularly broke the fourth wall on
677:
440:
928:
narrative, commonly presently characters in the game incorporating knowledge they are in a video game.
598:
2004:
1755:
1054:
1016:
545:
104:
74:. It is the frame decorated with square tiles that form the vertical rectangle separating the stage (
1646:
1617:
Batkin, Jane (2016). "Rethinking the rabbit: revolution, identity and connection in Looney Tunes".
1154:
1021:
899:", the character of Morgus looks directly at the camera when thinking aloud. This was due to actor
208:
described it in 1987 as "that invisible scrim that forever separates the audience from the stage".
91:
1603:
1033:
444:(1964) is famous for revealing to the audience the movie as a movie, and Lewis as actor/director.
1879:
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1549:
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1305:
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1134:
152:
47:
42:
602:, the entire cast, together with massed extras, break the fourth wall while joining in singing "
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and children's theatre where, for example, a character might ask the children for help, as when
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The fourth wall did not exist as a concept for much of dramatic history. Classical plays from
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rest of the performance. This act of drawing attention to a play's performance conventions is
127:
100:
51:
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who is part of the show's events, but at times speaks directly to the audience. For example,
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1971:
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The use of breaking the fourth wall in television has sometimes been unintentional. In the
816:, incorporates some of the narrative elements from the books by having Lemony Snicket as a
686:
has the camera deliberately break the fourth wall and re-frame the horizon on the image of
907:, felt that this helped increase dramatic tension, and decided not to reshoot the scenes.
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2308:
List of films that break the fourth wall on the Art and
Popular Culture Encyclopedia
2116:
1933:
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use fourth wall breaks to set up stories or have characters comment on situations.
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342:
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322:
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One of the earliest recorded breakings of the fourth wall in serious cinema was in
1999:
723:
and other later animated shows, as well as the live-action 1960s sketch comedy of
878:, starts to hallucinate about events that took place in the last 3 seasons. This
523:
breaks the fourth wall with a glance at the camera near the end of the 1986 film
432:(1963), and Lewis' character holds a pantomime conversation with the audience in
1060:
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On television, the fourth wall has broken throughout the history of the medium.
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555:
407:
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338:
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843:. Most episodes have several other fourth wall breaks. This is similar to how
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1048:(the transgression of narrative levels), which is a technique often used in
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520:
341:, when he would stare directly at the camera to seek sympathy from viewers.
240:
236:
225:
1641:"Monty Python : Will the wrinkly revolutionaries have the last laugh?"
1520:
220:
to the
Renaissance have frequent direct addresses to the audience such as
1334:
Reaching a critical mass: a critical analysis of television entertainment
996:
controller on their neck to simulate a back massage being given in-game.
455:
357:(1932), in the latter film advising them to "go out to the lobby" during
115:
2132:"Perceived Preceptor: Narrator's role in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey"
952:
game system is at fault, helping to increase the immersion of the game.
669:) constantly breaking the fourth wall by interacting with the audience.
465:
breaks the fourth wall with a glance towards the camera near the end of
1967:"Doki Doki Literature Club Makes The Case For Breaking The Fourth Wall"
1260:
943:
826:
799:
231:
The presence of the fourth wall is an established convention of modern
1784:"How Netflix's 'Series of Unfortunate Events' outshines the 2004 film"
1239:
Gray, Paul (1964). "Stanislavski and America: a critical chronology".
130:, the fourth of them would run along the line (technically called the
19:
This article is about the performance convention. For other uses, see
243:
appeals to the audience to applaud in an effort to revive the fading
196:
The acceptance of the transparency of the fourth wall is part of the
1394:"This supercut breaks cinema's fabled fourth wall hundreds of times"
1252:
713:
Fourth wall breakage is common in comedy, and is used frequently by
2077:"Brilliant Indie Game The Stanley Parable Will Mess With Your Head"
1536:"Jerry Lewis: b. Joseph Levitch, Newark New Jersey, res. Hollywood"
657:
film was criticized for its modernization take on the classic 1817
1124:
1032:
758:
Another approach to breaking the fourth wall is through a central
694:) walking on the studio lot, referencing the advice film director
459:
consistently address the audience throughout the movie's runtime.
397:
features the breaking of the fourth wall as a central plot point.
306:
221:
187:
16:
Concept in performing arts separating performers from the audience
1101:
Modern examples of breaking the fourth wall include Ada Palmer's
311:
Josef Forte breaks the fourth wall to warn viewers at the end of
2044:"A Circular Wall? Reformulating the Fourth Wall for Video Games"
903:
misunderstanding a stage direction, but the episode's director,
839:
breaks the fourth wall during the introduction by the character
738:
Another convention of breaking the fourth wall is often seen on
499:
when he looked directly at the camera for a split-second when a
177:
2159:
Metafiction – The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction
1574:"Persuasion and the Risky Business of Breaking the Fourth Wall"
1850:"10 Best Shows Where Characters Break The Fourth Wall, Ranked"
254:
947:
revolves around the fictional universe of the game being a
1044:
The method of breaking the fourth wall in literature is a
864:
Furthermore, breaking the fourth wall can also be used in
2245:"Meta, Irony, Narrative, Frames, and The Princess Bride"
1073:
It was popularized in the early 20th century during the
2214:"A Dialog on Narrative Voice, Complicity, and Intimacy"
567:
breaks the wall by addressing the audience directly in
283:
1934:"The Best New Videogames Are All About ... Videogames"
1455:
Salvation from cinema : the medium is the message
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
142:, though, is a theatrical convention, rather than of
111:, led to the development of the fourth wall concept.
1675:
Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies
426:
each look directly into the camera several times in
610:, accompanied by a recording by the song's writer.
513:makes two brief, wordless glances at the camera in
1816:
1639:
1561:. JoBlo Videos. 10 April 2020 – via YouTube.
247:("If you believe in fairies, clap your hands!").
1927:
1925:
1523:. dino4ever. 9 January 2015 – via YouTube.
1276:Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory
1890:TVアニメ「進撃の巨人」The Final Season放送記念生放送 スタッフ兵団座談会#1
1726:The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen
631:are specifically known for the main character
385:broke the fourth wall repeatedly in his movie
337:often broke the fourth wall in his films with
99:in staging practices, which culminated in the
999:Other examples include the idle animation of
8:
1363:"Mary MacLane – Women Film Pioneers Project"
1728:. Cambridge University Press. p. 244.
1604:"The 9 Best Final Shots of 2022 in Movies"
503:song came on as a reference to the famous
192:Typical stage, fourth wall being the house
966:of the fourth wall or expansions of the "
639:, consistently breaking the fourth wall.
1209:
1207:
286:by adding descriptive text and removing
61:
27:
1432:. London: Faber and Faber. p. 77.
1175:
1919:The Caves Of Androzani, DVD commentary
1848:Wilkinson, Matthew (21 January 2020).
1214:Wallis, Mick; Shepherd, Simon (1998).
1181:
1179:
874:, where a newly introduced character,
732:The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show
2138:from the original on 20 February 2022
2089:from the original on 27 November 2020
1373:from the original on 21 December 2018
661:novel by having the main protagonist
7:
2012:from the original on 9 February 2021
1829:from the original on 11 January 2022
1654:from the original on 11 January 2022
1301:"Film view: sex can spoil the scene"
361:'s piano interlude. Comedy films by
2056:from the original on 5 October 2016
1860:from the original on 2 October 2021
1751:"Breaking the Fourth Wall Supercut"
1584:from the original on 12 August 2022
1406:from the original on 27 August 2016
2274:Chalandon, Sorj (21 August 2013).
2255:from the original on 13 March 2018
2224:from the original on 13 March 2018
2179:from the original on 13 March 2018
2113:Lexico Dictionaries | English
2075:Schreier, Jason (14 August 2011).
1979:from the original on 5 August 2019
1946:from the original on 27 March 2016
1337:. L. Erlbaum Associates. pp.
345:spoke directly to the audience in
14:
2286:from the original on 29 June 2022
1998:Walker, John (12 December 2016).
1796:from the original on 6 March 2020
1782:Lawler, Kelly (13 January 2017).
1749:Macaulay, Scott (24 April 2013).
1534:Stern, Michael (21 August 2017).
1313:from the original on 27 July 2020
481:breaks the fourth wall in 1999's
418:look directly at the audience in
76:mostly behind the lowered curtain
1965:Green, Holly (25 October 2017).
1932:Muncy, Julie (10 January 2016).
1763:from the original on 1 June 2013
1638:Langley, William (5 July 2014).
1620:Animation Studies Online Journal
259:
2243:Walton, Jo (24 December 2015).
2042:Conway, Steven (22 July 2009).
1815:Wilson, Benji (25 March 2019).
1299:Canby, Vincent (28 June 1987),
766:in the British TV drama series
118:suggests a relationship to the
2173:"Metafiction as Genre Fiction"
1165:Violation of abstraction level
1070:is a late modern era example.
805:A Series of Unfortunate Events
422:(1955), and Lewis and co-star
1:
1559:"WTF Happened to MIKE MYERS?"
1490:. Random House. p. 120.
1392:Blevins, Joe (1 March 2016).
1075:Post-Modern literary movement
134:) dividing the room from the
50:, 1904), a three-dimensional
2134:. Brigham Young University.
1145:List of narrative techniques
833:Every episode of the sitcom
726:Monty Python's Flying Circus
371:Zucker, Abrahams, and Zucker
328:Men Who Have Made Love to Me
72:Auditorium Building, Chicago
2200:Dramaturgy and Architecture
2109:"Definition of Metafiction"
1186:Bell, Elizabeth S. (2008).
992:asks the player to put the
846:The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
438:(1964). The final scene of
109:theatre of the 19th century
70:arch of the theatre in the
2344:
1724:Cartmell, Deborah (2007).
1430:Woody Allen on Woody Allen
934:Doki Doki Literature Club!
18:
1453:Downing, Crystal (2016).
1278:. John Wiley & Sons.
977:Evidence: The Last Ritual
937:, one of the characters (
570:Gremlins 2: The New Batch
493:broke the fourth wall in
156:not delivered inaudibly.
2323:Metafictional techniques
2202:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
2157:Waugh, Patricia (1984).
1687:10.1215/02705346-7772375
1521:"The Patsy Movie Ending"
1331:Abelman, Robert (1998).
1105:, and William Goldman's
852:Clarissa Explains It All
717:and other characters in
628:Deadpool & Wolverine
450:Ferris Bueller's Day Off
394:The Purple Rose of Cairo
160:Breaking the fourth wall
2130:Godfrey, Jason (2017).
1538:. brightlightsfilm.com.
1218:. Arnold. p. 214.
1188:Theories of Performance
972:suspension of disbelief
447:In the 1986 teen film,
410:wrote in his 1971 book
288:less pertinent examples
198:suspension of disbelief
148:Konstantin Stanislavski
78:) from the auditorium (
2198:Turner, Cathy (2015).
2000:"Wot I Think: OneShot"
1367:wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu
1274:Cuddon, J. A. (2012).
1130:Audience participation
1094:Breakfast of Champions
1041:
897:The Caves of Androzani
559:(a nod to Reynolds in
435:The Disorderly Orderly
420:You're Never Too Young
318:
193:
167:. A similar effect of
83:
59:
1486:Lewis, Jerry (1971).
1190:. Sage. p. 203.
1036:
858:Malcolm in the Middle
678:semi-autobiographical
536:Smokey and the Bandit
310:
191:
172:other media, such as
65:
31:
2005:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
1055:The Canterbury Tales
1017:Blue Screen of Death
589:The Railway Children
509:head-banging scene.
325:'s 1918 silent film
1823:The Daily Telegraph
1650:. London, England.
1647:The Daily Telegraph
1606:. 28 December 2022.
1488:The Total Filmmaker
1241:Tulane Drama Review
1155:Namespace violation
1022:The Stanley Parable
742:sitcoms, including
429:The Nutty Professor
412:The Total Filmmaker
284:improve the article
80:the area with seats
2276:"Le quatrième mur"
1893:, 18 December 2020
1306:The New York Times
1135:Breaking character
1108:The Princess Bride
1042:
1001:Sonic the Hedgehog
818:narrator character
791:by main character
760:narrator character
599:Mr. Bean's Holiday
573:. Near the end of
319:
194:
84:
60:
48:Moscow Art Theatre
43:The Cherry Orchard
2328:Stage terminology
2220:. 18 April 2017.
1713:978-0-7864-5992-6
1572:Walsh, Savannah.
1464:978-1-138-91393-6
1285:978-1-118-32600-8
1197:978-1-4129-2637-9
1084:To the Lighthouse
836:Saved by the Bell
822:Patrick Warburton
672:The last shot of
546:We're The Millers
305:
304:
233:realistic theatre
90:is a performance
2335:
2296:
2295:
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2271:
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2240:
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2233:
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2210:
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2163:
2162:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2119:on 27 July 2019.
2115:. Archived from
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2098:
2096:
2094:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2039:
2022:
2021:
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1995:
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1962:
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989:Metal Gear Solid
931:For example, in
884:self-referencing
866:meta-referencing
814:of the same name
775:To Play the King
764:Francis Urquhart
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880:literary device
871:Attack on Titan
812:'s book series
793:Frank Underwood
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581:Tiffany Haddish
348:Animal Crackers
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810:Daniel Handler
788:House of Cards
769:House of Cards
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688:Sammy Fabelman
667:Dakota Johnson
608:Charles Trenet
541:Jason Sudeikis
526:Pretty In Pink
516:Trading Places
424:Stella Stevens
354:Horse Feathers
314:Reefer Madness
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1399:The A.V. Club
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781:The Final Cut
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469:'s 1991 film
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169:metareference
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120:mise-en-scène
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2288:. Retrieved
2279:
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2257:. Retrieved
2248:
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2226:. Retrieved
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2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2167:
2161:. Routledge.
2158:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2125:
2117:the original
2112:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2047:
2014:. Retrieved
2003:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1937:
1915:
1906:
1895:, retrieved
1889:
1880:Ghostarchive
1878:Archived at
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1853:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1822:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1754:
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1703:
1681:(3): 31–61.
1678:
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1656:. Retrieved
1645:
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1586:. Retrieved
1577:
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1550:Ghostarchive
1548:Archived at
1544:
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1510:Archived at
1506:
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1397:
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1375:. Retrieved
1366:
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1326:
1315:, retrieved
1304:
1294:
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1269:
1247:(2): 21–60.
1244:
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1103:Terra Ignota
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968:magic circle
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740:mockumentary
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635:, played by
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551:Kurt Russell
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511:Eddie Murphy
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467:Oliver Stone
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381:
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367:Monty Python
352:
351:(1930), and
346:
343:Groucho Marx
335:Oliver Hardy
333:
326:
323:Mary MacLane
320:
312:
293:
282:Please help
270:may contain
269:
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159:
158:
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113:
87:
85:
79:
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41:
34:Stanislavski
25:
2016:16 February
1897:6 September
1854:Screen Rant
1578:Vanity Fair
1377:12 November
1061:Don Quixote
1050:metafiction
1039:Little Nemo
964:relocations
926:metafiction
911:Video games
876:Falco Grice
841:Zack Morris
820:(played by
808:, based on
700:David Lynch
698:(played by
690:(played by
665:(played by
663:Anne Elliot
659:Jane Austen
644:Funny Games
556:Death Proof
408:Jerry Lewis
383:Woody Allen
339:Stan Laurel
245:Tinker Bell
226:soliloquies
174:video games
140:fourth wall
97:illusionism
88:fourth wall
2317:Categories
2060:23 January
1800:13 January
1171:References
1046:metalepsis
1029:Literature
949:simulation
892:Doctor Who
751:The Office
745:The Office
715:Bugs Bunny
706:Television
654:Persuasion
622:Deadpool 2
613:The films
565:Hulk Hogan
529:, as does
491:Mike Myers
484:Fight Club
388:Annie Hall
363:Mel Brooks
359:Chico Marx
276:irrelevant
144:set design
136:auditorium
132:proscenium
105:naturalism
92:convention
68:proscenium
56:proscenium
38:production
2142:25 August
2049:Gamasutra
1789:USA Today
1756:Filmmaker
1695:211651602
1588:23 August
1473:908375992
1428:(1995) .
1410:19 August
1160:News leak
1006:Max Payne
994:DualShock
959:Gamasutra
895:episode "
882:utilises
696:John Ford
651:The 2022
521:Jon Cryer
441:The Patsy
296:July 2024
272:excessive
241:Peter Pan
237:pantomime
122:behind a
2284:Archived
2259:12 March
2253:Archived
2228:12 March
2222:Archived
2183:12 March
2177:Archived
2136:Archived
2093:5 August
2087:Archived
2054:Archived
2010:Archived
1983:5 August
1977:Archived
1944:Archived
1882:and the
1858:Archived
1833:31 March
1827:Archived
1794:Archived
1761:Archived
1652:Archived
1582:Archived
1552:and the
1514:and the
1404:Archived
1371:Archived
1311:archived
1119:See also
735:(1950).
676:'s 2022
633:Deadpool
616:Deadpool
456:I, Tonya
278:examples
116:metaphor
2249:Tor.com
1950:18 June
1261:1125101
944:OneShot
827:Fleabag
802:series
800:Netflix
317:, 1936.
212:Theatre
184:History
128:box set
107:of the
101:realism
52:box set
2290:25 May
1864:11 May
1767:5 July
1732:
1711:
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1658:15 May
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1471:
1461:
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1317:3 July
1282:
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1222:
1194:
939:Monika
625:, and
604:La Mer
561:Bandit
549:, and
369:, and
251:Cinema
222:asides
138:. The
2082:wired
1972:Paste
1939:Wired
1691:S2CID
1257:JSTOR
1125:Aside
983:X-Men
680:film
606:" by
501:Queen
402:Alfie
178:books
58:arch.
2292:2022
2261:2018
2230:2018
2185:2018
2144:2021
2095:2019
2062:2017
2018:2021
1985:2019
1952:2021
1899:2021
1866:2021
1835:2019
1802:2017
1769:2013
1730:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1660:2015
1590:2022
1492:ISBN
1469:OCLC
1459:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1412:2016
1379:2018
1343:ISBN
1339:8–11
1319:2007
1280:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1087:and
1058:and
855:and
798:The
778:and
224:and
176:and
114:The
103:and
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1249:doi
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586:In
563:).
553:in
543:in
533:in
472:JFK
274:or
40:of
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2026:^
2008:.
2002:.
1975:.
1969:.
1942:.
1936:.
1924:^
1886::
1856:.
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1825:.
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