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We decree that the sacred image of our Lord Jesus Christ, the liberator and Savior of all people, must be venerated with the same honor as is given the book of the holy
Gospels. For as through the language of the words contained in this book all can reach salvation, so, due to the action which these
460:
recognizes the council in 869–870 as "Constantinople IV", while the
Eastern Orthodox Churches recognize the councils in 879–880 as "Constantinople IV" and revere Photios as a saint. Whether and how far the Greek Fourth Council of Constantinople was confirmed by Pope John VIII is a matter of dispute.
489:
in 800, the papacy had acquired a new protector in the West. This freed the pontiffs to some degree from the power of the emperor in
Constantinople but it also led to a schism, because the emperors and patriarchs of Constantinople interpreted themselves as the true descendants of the Roman Empire.
586:
If anyone does not venerate the image of Christ our Lord, let him be deprived of seeing him in glory at his second coming. The image of his all pure Mother and the images of the holy angels as well as the images of all the saints are equally the object of our homage and veneration.
461:
There is substantial evidence that he did in fact accept it, anathematising the council of 869 in his
Letters to the Emperors Basil, Leo and Alexander, which were read in the second session of the 879/80 council, his letter to Photios and his Commonitorium.
694:
Fr. Francis
Dvornik argues that Pope accepted the acts of the council and annulled those of the Council of 869–870. Other Catholic historians, such as Warren Carroll, dispute this view, arguing that the pope rejected the
2032:
1921:
1018:
2228:
2223:
387:
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453:
417:
20:
416:
from 5 October 869, to 28 of
February 870. It was poorly attended, the first session by only 12 bishops and the number of bishops later never exceeded 103. In contrast the
1052:
1947:
2022:
574:
images exercise by their colors, all wise and simple alike, can derive profit from them. For what speech conveys in words, pictures announce and bring out in colors.
629:
Richard Price, 'Constantinople III and
Constantinople IV: Minorities posing as the Voice of the Whole Church', Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 49 (2018/2019) 134.
2293:
1332:
1059:
1011:
717:
Schaff, Philip opines that the Pope, deceived by his legates about the actual proceedings, first applauded the
Emperor but later denounced the council. See "
1605:
1098:
2811:
1987:
1286:
380:
2774:
Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
465:
has argued that subsequent popes accepted the council of 879 as binding, only choosing the council of 869–70 as ecumenical 200 years later after the
2667:
1740:
521:, a noble layman from a local family, was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople, the most senior episcopal position save only that of Rome. Emperor
605:
469:
due to issues with certain canons (namely the implicit condemnation of the filioque). Siecienski disagrees with
Dvornik's assessment. The previous
1004:
1434:
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2004:
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916:
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35:
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1527:
1417:
831:
Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195372045.
234:
841:
Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) . "ecumenical councils".
525:
had deposed the previous patriarch, Ignatius. Ignatius refused to abdicate, setting up a power struggle between the Emperor and
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2526:
2390:
2359:
2327:
2310:
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470:
239:
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in support of icons and holy images and required the image of Christ to have veneration equal with that of the gospel book.
2640:
2429:
2413:
2076:
1655:
1630:
1239:
280:
270:
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2421:
2405:
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84:
2081:
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125:
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569:. Specifically, its third Canon required the image of Christ to have veneration equal with that of the gospel book:
420:
was attended by 383 bishops. The Council met in ten sessions from October 869 to February 870 and issued 27 canons.
2560:
2090:
1115:
704:
Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010) says that the Pope only gave a qualified assent to the acts of the council. See "
638:"Photius." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
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are recognized as ecumenical and authoritative by both Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Christians.
438:, a layman who had been appointed as Patriarch of Constantinople, and reinstated his predecessor
405:
363:
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143:
1826:
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in support of icons and holy images. The council thus helped stamp out any remaining embers of
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One of the key elements of the Council was the reaffirmation of the decisions of the
456:, was held after Photios had been reinstated on the order of the emperor. Today, the
40:
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issue. The Council condemned Photius and defrocked his supporters in the clergy.
2012:
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95:
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719:
The Conflict of the Eastern and Western Churches and Their Separation.
1476:
1386:
1291:
2764:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
578:
The council also encouraged the veneration of the images of the
2275:
2033:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1000:
676:
Image of God the Father in Orthodox Theology and Iconography
533:
and deposed him as patriarch and reinstated his predecessor
43:'s painting of the 869–870 Fourth Council of Constantinople
16:
8th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (869–870 AD)
1922:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2472:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
847:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 171–2.
670:
668:
606:"Constantinople, Fourth Council of | Encyclopedia.com"
1953:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
787:"The Photian Schism in Western and Eastern Tradition"
19:
For the Eastern Orthodox 8th Ecumenical Council, see
493:
After the Byzantine emperor summarily dismissed St.
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2003:
1930:
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90:
78:
66:
56:
48:
28:
21:
Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)
990:"Acts of the 869 Fourth Council of Constantinople"
766:Mansi vol. xvii, cl. 472AB. See also cls. 489/490E
454:Eastern Orthodox Fourth Council of Constantinople
445:The Council also reaffirmed the decisions of the
117:20–25 (first session 869), 102 (last session 870)
2023:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
971:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
844:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
706:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
541:before the other three Eastern patriarchates of
2287:
1012:
934:The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church
381:
190:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent
8:
949:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
936:. New York: Oxford University Press (2005).
2294:
2280:
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2038:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
1988:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
1407:
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1179:
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997:
505:. Photios did not at this stage raise the
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184:
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29:Fourth Council of Constantinople (869–870)
144:Chronological list of ecumenical councils
2668:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
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334:
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226:
195:
171:
946:The Photian Schism: History and Legend
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730:Mansi vol xvii, cls. 400D & 401BC
503:Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople
7:
427:the Macedonian, with the support of
1892:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
968:Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).
501:refused to recognize his successor
1447:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
649:"Fourth Council of Constantinople"
423:The council was called by Emperor
14:
2812:Church councils in Constantinople
557:Support for icons and holy images
2696:State church of the Roman Empire
2254:
2242:
1573:Fourth Council of Constantinople
1528:Second Council of Constantinople
529:. The 869–870 Council condemned
402:Fourth Council of Constantinople
357:
317:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42)
154:
138:Deposition of Photius, 27 canons
34:
2527:First seven ecumenical councils
2391:First seven ecumenical councils
2311:First seven ecumenical councils
1543:Third Council of Constantinople
1467:First Council of Constantinople
775:Dositheos op. cit. pp. 345, 361
1782:Dissolution of the monasteries
1048:History of the Catholic Church
960:History of the Byzantine State
1:
1656:Fourth Council of the Lateran
1631:Second Council of the Lateran
1240:Apostles in the New Testament
418:pro-Photian council of 879–80
134:Documents and statements
2817:870s in the Byzantine Empire
2807:860s in the Byzantine Empire
1770:Catholic Counter-Reformation
1636:Third Council of the Lateran
1626:First Council of the Lateran
1082:Catholic ecumenical councils
908:Gesa Elsbeth Thiessen, 2005
240:Constantinople III (680–681)
85:First Council of the Lateran
2802:9th-century church councils
974:. Oxford University Press.
739:Dositheos op. cit. pp. 281f
497:as patriarch of that city,
250:Constantinople IV (869–870)
2848:
1116:History of the Roman Curia
963:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
757:Dositheos op. cit. p. 292
495:Ignatius of Constantinople
18:
2762:
2744:Conference of Addis Ababa
2237:
1852:European wars of religion
1163:Eastern Catholic Churches
803:10.1017/S0034670500042959
471:seven ecumenical councils
142:
33:
2561:Oriental Orthodox Church
1983:Mary of the Divine Heart
1606:Clash against the empire
1558:Second Council of Nicaea
1452:Old St. Peter's Basilica
890:Encyclopedia of theology
748:Mansi vol. xvii cl. 416E
563:Second Council of Nicaea
447:Second Council of Nicaea
73:Second Council of Nicaea
2736:Synod of Constantinople
2517:Eastern Orthodox Church
2249:Vatican City portal
1601:Investiture Controversy
1457:First Council of Nicaea
481:With the coronation of
235:Constantinople II (553)
2261:Catholicism portal
2072:Second Vatican Council
1958:Our Lady of La Salette
1765:Protestant Reformation
1752:Protestant Reformation
1671:Second Council of Lyon
1060:Ecclesiastical history
910:Theological aesthetics
791:The Review of Politics
589:
576:
364:Catholicism portal
209:Constantinople I (381)
1968:First Vatican Council
1666:First Council of Lyon
1430:Constantine the Great
1126:Christian monasticism
853:10.1002/9781405166584
584:
582:, angels and saints:
571:
452:A later council, the
2752:Pan-Orthodox Council
2145:Sexual abuse scandal
2054:Mit brennender Sorge
1897:Age of Enlightenment
1676:Bernard of Clairvaux
1553:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1492:Council of Chalcedon
1272:Council of Jerusalem
1141:Role in civilization
1121:Religious institutes
1053:By country or region
932:Cross, F. L. (ed.).
785:Dvornik, F. (1948).
674:Steven Bigham, 1995
610:www.encyclopedia.com
567:Byzantine iconoclasm
348:Vatican II (1962–65)
2797:Ecumenical councils
2649:Synod of Beth Lapat
2303:Ecumenical councils
1973:Papal infallibility
1963:Our Lady of Lourdes
1912:Shimabara Rebellion
1756:Counter-Reformation
955:Ostrogorsky, George
343:Vatican I (1869–70)
335:19th–20th centuries
322:Lateran V (1512–17)
312:Constance (1414–18)
304:15th–16th centuries
258:12th–14th centuries
173:Ecumenical councils
2728:Synod of Jerusalem
2641:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
2616:Church of the East
2360:Constantinople III
2018:Our Lady of Fátima
1807:Ignatius of Loyola
1731:Catherine of Siena
1699:Pope Boniface VIII
1518:Benedict of Nursia
1487:Council of Ephesus
1324:Ante-Nicene period
1277:Split with Judaism
1111:Crusading movement
888:Karl Rahner, 2004
877:The Photian Schism
406:ecumenical council
276:Lateran III (1179)
2784:
2783:
2712:Quinisext Council
2613:Recognized by the
2558:Recognized by the
2535:Constantinople IV
2513:Recognized by the
2398:Constantinople IV
2380:Recognized by the
2352:Constantinople II
2269:
2268:
2229:COVID-19 pandemic
2207:Pope Benedict XVI
2112:Pope John Paul II
1887:Pope Benedict XIV
1873:French Revolution
1857:Thirty Years' War
1847:Robert Bellarmine
1832:John of the Cross
1736:Pope Alexander VI
1721:Council of Vienne
1651:Francis of Assisi
1641:Pope Innocent III
1510:Early Middle Ages
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1442:Arian controversy
1395:
1394:
1343:Apostolic Fathers
981:978-0-19-537204-5
862:978-1-4051-6658-4
653:Papal Encyclicals
537:. It also ranked
431:. It deposed and
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271:Lateran II (1139)
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196:4th–5th centuries
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1882:Pope Innocent XI
1802:Society of Jesus
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1741:Age of Discovery
1686:Late Middle Ages
1588:High Middle Ages
1578:East–West Schism
1462:Pope Sylvester I
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1218:Great Commission
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429:Pope Hadrian II
410:Catholic Church
404:was the eighth
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2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2043:Lateran Treaty
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1868:Baroque period
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Peter Canisius
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:Francis Xavier
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1776:Exsurge Domine
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Pope Clement V
1713:
1712:
1711:
1709:Avignon Papacy
1704:Western Schism
1701:
1696:
1694:Thomas Aquinas
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Saint Boniface
1545:
1540:
1535:
1533:Pope Gregory I
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Biblical canon
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1424:
1405:
1401:Late antiquity
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Pope Clement I
1338:Church Fathers
1335:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1099:Biblical canon
1094:Catholic Bible
1091:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
986:
980:
965:
951:
937:
928:
925:
922:
921:
901:
881:
868:
861:
833:
824:
797:(3): 310–331.
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
710:
697:
687:
664:
640:
631:
622:
596:
595:
593:
590:
558:
555:
539:Constantinople
514:
513:Photian schism
511:
478:
475:
414:Constantinople
396:
395:
393:
392:
385:
378:
370:
367:
366:
353:
352:
351:
350:
345:
337:
336:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
306:
305:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
291:Lyon II (1274)
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
260:
259:
255:
254:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
204:Nicaea I (325)
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
181:
180:
169:
168:
160:
159:
147:
146:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
128:' patriarchate
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
100:Pope Adrian II
92:
88:
87:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2844:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Mother Teresa
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Pope Pius XII
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1994:Rerum novarum
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Pope Leo XIII
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1948:United States
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Pope Pius VII
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Scholasticism
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Pope Urban II
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Justin Martyr
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:New Testament
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Commissioning
1243:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:Apostolic Age
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:Papal primacy
1073:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
991:
987:
983:
977:
973:
972:
966:
962:
961:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
938:
935:
931:
930:
926:
918:
917:0-8028-2888-4
914:
911:
905:
902:
898:
897:0-86012-006-6
894:
891:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
864:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
837:
834:
828:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
720:
714:
711:
707:
701:
698:
691:
688:
684:
683:1-879038-15-3
680:
677:
671:
669:
665:
654:
650:
644:
641:
635:
632:
626:
623:
611:
607:
601:
598:
591:
588:
583:
581:
575:
570:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
450:
448:
443:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
369:
368:
365:
360:
355:
354:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
339:
338:
333:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
286:Lyon I (1245)
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
261:
256:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
217:
215:
214:Ephesus (431)
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
187:
183:
182:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
157:
153:
152:
145:
141:
137:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:papal legates
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
77:
74:
71:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
41:Cesare Nebbia
37:
32:
27:
22:
2770:
2684:Great Church
2549:(1341–1351)*
2544:
2534:
2397:
2216:
2212:Pope Francis
2138:21st century
2087:Pope Paul VI
2064:
2052:
2005:20th century
1992:
1943:Pope Pius IX
1931:19th century
1907:Pope Pius VI
1774:
1646:Latin Empire
1616:Universities
1572:
1568:Pope Leo III
1435:Christianity
1420:state church
1412:Great Church
1213:Resurrection
1176:(30–325/476)
1173:Early Church
1158:Latin Church
1153:Papal States
1148:Vatican City
970:
959:
945:
933:
909:
904:
889:
884:
876:
871:
843:
836:
827:
794:
790:
780:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
713:
700:
690:
675:
656:. Retrieved
652:
643:
634:
625:
613:. Retrieved
609:
600:
585:
577:
572:
560:
516:
492:
487:Pope Leo III
480:
467:Great Schism
451:
444:
422:
401:
399:
249:
80:Next council
2602:Ephesus III
2504:(1962–1965)
2496:(1869–1870)
2488:(1545–1563)
2480:(1512–1517)
2464:(1414–1418)
2456:(1311–1312)
2422:Lateran III
2218:Laudato si'
2013:Pope Pius X
1842:Philip Neri
1817:Pope Pius V
1792:Thomas More
1661:Inquisition
1563:Charlemagne
1523:Monasticism
1333:Persecution
1225:Holy Spirit
1208:Crucifixion
1087:First seven
580:Virgin Mary
523:Michael III
483:Charlemagne
433:anathemized
2791:Categories
2594:Ephesus II
2502:Vatican II
2430:Lateran IV
2414:Lateran II
2091:coronation
1797:Pope Leo X
1382:Tertullian
1312:Revelation
1287:Background
927:References
658:2023-10-08
543:Alexandria
477:Background
114:Attendance
2537:(879–880)
2494:Vatican I
2478:Lateran V
2462:Constance
2406:Lateran I
2400:(869–870)
2368:Nicaea II
2362:(680–681)
2344:Chalcedon
2107:Communism
2077:Ecumenism
1423:(380–451)
1415:(180–451)
1404:(313–476)
1326:(100–325)
879:, 122–128
875:Dvornik,
819:145772692
708:" p. 104.
615:29 August
551:Jerusalem
106:President
2822:Filioque
2660:See also
2625:Nicaea I
2570:Nicaea I
2320:Nicaea I
2117:HIV/AIDS
1611:Crusades
1365:Irenaeus
1358:Ignatius
1353:Polycarp
1203:Ministry
1191:(30–100)
1065:Timeline
957:(1956).
943:(1948).
695:council.
535:Ignatius
517:In 858,
507:Filioque
440:Ignatius
412:held in
165:a series
163:Part of
94:Emperor
2586:Ephesus
2446:Lyon II
2336:Ephesus
2082:Judaism
1482:Vulgate
1292:Gospels
1267:Stephen
1184:Origins
1104:Vulgate
1040:General
1030:of the
1028:History
811:1404567
547:Antioch
531:Photius
519:Photius
436:Photius
425:Basil I
408:of the
176:of the
126:Photius
96:Basil I
52:869–870
2754:(2016)
2746:(1965)
2738:(1872)
2730:(1672)
2722:(1642)
2454:Vienne
2448:(1274)
2440:(1245)
2438:Lyon I
2432:(1215)
2424:(1179)
2416:(1139)
2408:(1123)
2048:Nazism
1870:to the
1477:Jerome
1387:Origen
1070:Papacy
978:
915:
899:p. 389
895:
859:
817:
809:
681:
167:on the
122:Topics
2714:(692)
2686:(180–
2674:/155–
2651:(484)
2643:(410)
2635:(381)
2627:(325)
2604:(475)
2596:(449)
2588:(431)
2580:(381)
2572:(325)
2486:Trent
2370:(787)
2354:(553)
2346:(451)
2338:(431)
2330:(381)
2322:(325)
2150:Islam
1418:Roman
1377:Canon
1250:Peter
1198:Jesus
919:p. 65
815:S2CID
807:JSTOR
685:p. 41
592:Notes
2200:2023
2195:2019
2190:2016
2185:2013
2180:2011
2175:2008
2170:2005
2165:2002
2160:2000
2127:1995
1297:Acts
1260:Paul
1255:John
1230:Mary
976:ISBN
913:ISBN
893:ISBN
857:ISBN
679:ISBN
617:2021
549:and
400:The
98:and
49:Date
2832:870
2827:869
2704:451
2700:380
2688:451
2676:314
1186:and
1136:Art
849:doi
799:doi
485:by
2793::
2672:50
855:.
813:.
805:.
795:10
793:.
789:.
667:^
651:.
608:.
553:.
545:,
442:.
2706:)
2702:–
2698:(
2690:)
2678:)
2670:(
2539:*
2295:e
2288:t
2281:v
2093:)
2089:(
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
992:.
984:.
865:.
851::
821:.
801::
721:"
661:.
619:.
389:e
382:t
375:v
23:.
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