469:, German Lutherans and German Catholics attacked prohibition as a menace to their social customs and personal liberty. Prohibitionists supported direct democracy to enable voters to bypass the state legislature in lawmaking. In the North, the Republican Party championed the interests of the prohibitionists while the Democratic Party represented ethnic group interests. In the South, the Baptist and Methodist churches played a major role in forcing the Democratic party to support prohibition. After 1914 the issue shifted to the Germans' opposition to Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy. In the 1920s, however the sudden, unexpected outburst of big city crime associated with bootlegging undermined support for prohibition, and the Democrats took up the cause for repeal, finally succeeding in 1932.
1558:
27:
360:. As one political scientist explains, "The election of 1896 ushered in the Fourth Party System ... not until 1928, with the nomination of Al Smith, a northeastern reformer, did Democrats make gains among the urban, blue-collar, and Catholic voters who were later to become core components of the New Deal coalition and break the pattern of minimal class polarization that had characterized the Fourth Party System." In 1932 the landslide victory of Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt led to the
77:
1502:
237:. Phillips argues that, with the possible exception of Iowa Senator Allison, McKinley was the only Republican who could have defeated Bryan—he theorized that eastern candidates such as Morton or Reed would have done badly against the Illinois-born Bryan in the crucial Midwest. According to the biographer, though Bryan was popular among rural voters, "McKinley appealed to a very different industrialized, urbanized America."
181:"), the money issue (gold versus silver), the protective tariff, the role of labor unions, child labor, the need for a new banking system, corruption in party politics, primary elections, the introduction of the federal income tax, direct election of senators, racial segregation, efficiency in government, women's suffrage, and control of immigration. Foreign policy centered on the 1898
229:, as McKinley's view of a stronger central government building American industry through protective tariffs and a dollar based on gold triumphed. The voting patterns established then displaced the near-deadlock the major parties had held seen since the Civil War; the Republicans would dominate the nation (with a brief exception in the mid-1910s)
503:
giving the US control over the former
Spanish colonies. Permanent ownership of the Philippines was a major issue in the 1900 presidential election. William Jennings Bryan, although strongly supportive of the war against Spain denounced the permanent acquisition of the Philippines which was strongly
260:
During this period, a generational shift took place as the veterans of the Civil War aged out and were replaced by a younger generation more concerned with social justice and curbing the inequalities of industrial capitalism. The
Democratic Party, after largely being excluded from national politics
409:
of 1921. By 1928, it was apparent to male politicians that women had weaker partisanship than men, but their opinions on political issues were parallel with a few exceptions such as peace and prohibition. In the long run, 1870–1940, woman suffrage at the state and federal level was correlated with
404:
shifted to emphasize the need for women to purify politics, endorse world peace, support prohibition, and create more local support for schools and public health. In the early 1920s both parties paid special acknowledgment to women's interests and named token women to a few highly visible offices.
287:
Protection was the ideological cement holding the
Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats
626:
To cite a standard political science college textbook: "Scholars generally agree that realignment theory identifies five distinct party systems with the following approximate dates and major parties: 1. 1796–1816, First Party System: Jeffersonian
Republicans and Federalists; 2. 1840–1856, Second
394:
openly advocated women's partisanship. The
Democrats, led by Woodrow Wilson, dodged the feminist demands for the vote by insisting the states should handle the matter, realizing the South strongly opposed women's suffrage. After New York Democrats came out for suffrage, Wilson altered course and
336:
Many of the
Progressives, especially in the Democratic Party supported labor unions. Unions did become important components of the Democratic Party during the Fifth Party System. However, historians have long debated why no Labor Party emerged in the United States, in contrast to Western Europe.
252:
was relatively close the first time. When
Republican victory repeated in 1900 by an even bigger margin, business confidence was restored, a long epoch of prosperity was inaugurated, and most of the issues and personalities of the Third Party System were swept away. Most voting blocs continued
399:
energized supporters and weakened the opponents. After the
Progressive Party loss in 1912, partisan women continued to form auxiliaries in the major parties. After 1920, inclusion and power in political parties persisted as issues for partisan women. Former suffragists, mobilized into the
316:
appeared to be too cozy with pro-business conservatives in terms of tariff and conservation issues, Roosevelt broke with his old friend and his old party. He crusaded for president in 1912 at the head of an ill-fated "Bull Moose" Progressive party. The schism with
Roosevelt helped elect
627:
Party System: Democrats and Whigs; 3. 1860–1896, Third Party System: Republicans and
Democrats; 4. 1896–1932, Fourth Party System: Republicans and Democrats; 5. 1932–, Fifth Party System: Democrats and Republicans." Robert C. Benedict, Matthew J. Burbank and Ronald J. Hrebenar,
552:. The League became highly controversial for Wilson and the Republicans refused to compromise. Voters in 1920 showed little support for the League and the U.S. never joined it. Peace was a major political theme in the 1920s (especially now because women were voting). Under the
173:
The Fourth Party System began because of a realignment of the midwestern Populists, and their ideological predecessors the Greenbacks, to the Republican Party after 1896. This realignment allowed the Republican Party to dominate the Presidency for the next 36 years.
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against American shipping in early 1917 he called on Congress to declare war. Ignoring military affairs he focused on diplomacy and finance. On the home front he began the first effective draft in 1917, raised billions through
1356:
online v. 1. 1789-1824 -- v. 2. 1824-1844 -- v. 3. 1848-1868 -- v. 4. 1872-1888 -- v. 5. 1892-1908 -- v. 6. 1912-1924 -- v. 7. 1928-1940 -- v. 8. 1944-1956 -- v. 9. 1960-1968 -- v. 10. 1972-1984 -- v. 11.
544:, among them public diplomacy, freedom of navigation, "equality of trade conditions" and removal of economic barriers, an "impartial adjustment of all colonial claims", the creation of a Polish state (the
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In most of the country prohibition was of central importance in progressive politics before World War I, with a strong religious and ethnic dimension. Most Pietistic Protestants were "dries" who advocated
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Women vigorously defined their role in political parties from 1880 to 1920, with partisan women generally forming auxiliaries to the Republican and Democratic parties. The formation of Roosevelt's
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said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battle ground. The great battle over the high
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in 1928 started a voter realignment—a new coalition—based among ethnics and big cities that spelled the end of classless politics of the Fourth Party System and helped usher in the
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marked a watershed as a new generation of Democrats without the baggage of slavery and secession. Meanwhile, the Republican Party, after a brief fling with progressivism under
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supported a national constitutional amendment, which finally passed in 1920 with support from Tennessee. Women's strong support on the home front for the war effort during
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unchanged, but some realignment took place giving Republicans dominance in the industrial Northeast and new strength in the border states. Thus, the way was clear for the
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defended by Republicans, especially the Vice-Presidential nominee Theodore Roosevelt. President Roosevelt in 1904 boasted of his success in gaining
304:" journalists) into corrupt links between party bosses and business. New laws and constitutional amendments weakened the party bosses by installing
230:
151:
50:
46:
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Lee, Demetrius Walker, "The Ballot as a Party-System Switch: The Role of the Australian Ballot in Party-System Change and Development in the USA,"
536:, took over control of the railroads, and suppressed left-wing anti-war movements. Like the European states, the United States experimented with a
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John C. Green and Paul S. Herrnson. "Party Development in the Twentieth Century: Laying the Foundations for Responsible Party Government?" (2000)
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Kathleen Dalton, "Changing interpretations of Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive era." in Christopher M. Nichols and Nancy C. Unger, eds.,
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The Collapse of the Democratic Presidential Majority: Realignment, Dealignment, and Electoral Change from Franklin Roosevelt to Bill Clinton
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Fahey, James J. "Building Populist Discourse: An Analysis of Populist Communication in American Presidential Elections, 1896–2016."
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in the decades following the Civil War, would see a resurgence during this period thanks to the new immigrant voting blocs. The
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Folsom, Burton W. "Tinkerers, Tipplers, and Traitors: Ethnicity and Democratic Reform in Nebraska During the Progressive Era."
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Burton W. Folsom, "Tinkerers, Tipplers, and Traitors: Ethnicity and Democratic Reform in Nebraska During the Progressive Era."
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Boss Platt and His New York Machine: A Study of the Political Leadership of Thomas C. Platt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Others
300:
Alarmed at the new rules of the game for campaign funding, the Progressives launched investigations and exposures (by the "
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Gustafson, Melanie. "Partisan Women in the Progressive Era: the Struggle for Inclusion in American Political Parties."
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Melanie Gustafson, "Partisan women in the progressive era: The struggle for inclusion in American political parties."
557:
505:
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McSeveney, Samuel T. "The Fourth Party System and Progressive Politics", in. L. Sandy Maisel and William Shade (eds)
410:
increases in state government expenditures and revenue and more liberal voting patterns for federal representatives.
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Murphy, Paul L. ed. "Political Realignment and the Fourth-Party System, 1896 to 1910," in Paul L. Murphy, ed.,
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Burnham, Walter Dean. "Periodization Schemes and 'Party Systems': The "System of 1896" as a Case in Point,"
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John R. Lott, Jr, and Lawrence W. Kenny. "Did women's suffrage change the size and scope of government?."
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that began in 1929 spoiled the nation's optimism and ruined Republican chances. In long-term perspective
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Lichtman, A. J. "Critical elections theory and the reality of American presidential politics, 1916–40."
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Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era
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The period began with the realignment of 1894–96. The 1896 presidential election is often seen as a
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Degler, Carl N. (1964). "American Political Parties and the Rise of the City: An Interpretation".
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The central domestic issues concerned government regulation of railroads and large corporations ("
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Murphy, Paul L. ed. “The Fourth-Party System in Transition, 1910-1924," in Paul L. Murphy, ed.,
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548:), and, most importantly the creation of an association of nations. The latter would become the
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The United States also appeared on the world scene in the last years of World War I. President
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1354:(2011) 3 vol and 11 vol editions; detailed analysis of each election, with primary documents;
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in 1912 and left pro-business conservatives as the dominant force in the GOP. The GOP elected
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508:, in 1903. Democrats attacked the move, but their attempt to apologize to Colombia failed.
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in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats.
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Photographs of prominent politicians, 1861-1922; these are pre-1923 and out of copyright
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The American Direct Primary: Party Institutionalization and Transformation in the North
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1337:(1999). argues the Democrats were the true progressives and GOP was mostly conservative
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330:
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532:, promoted labor union growth, supervised agriculture and food production through the
131:
in 1960, and the numbering scheme was added by political scientists in the mid-1960s.
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Thomas A. Bailey, "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?."
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Burnham, Walter Dean, "The System of 1896: An Analysis," in Paul Kleppner, et al.,
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Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics
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Mahan, Russell L. "William Jennings Bryan and the Presidential Campaign of 1896"
658:. The American Presidents. Vol. 25. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 57–85.
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After suffrage: Women in partisan and electoral politics before the New Deal
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J. Stanley Lemons, "The Sheppard-Towner act: Progressivism in the 1920s."
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3268:
2775:
2446:
2302:
2206:
1304:
The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912.
446:
345:
1377:
Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896
776:
Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff."
705:
Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896
4900:
4884:
4864:
1248:
1074:
1015:
953:
924:
853:
781:
680:
Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan and the Remarkable Election of 1896
454:
312:
shared the growing concern with business influence on government. When
764:
390:
in 1912 offered women a chance for equality. Progressive party leader
540:. In 1918, Wilson advocated for various international reforms in the
1335:
Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917
1181:
The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896
1066:
571:
due from Germany to France and Great Britain, as well as by various
4058:
1585:
575:
claims. The US acted as mediators in this conflict, first with the
81:
United States presidential election results between 1896 and 1928.
640:
Jeffrey M. Stonecash, and Everita Silina, "The 1896 Realignment,"
1255:
Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928
1040:
The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt
1205:
Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America
4062:
1589:
1472:
895:
Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition
257:
to impose a new way of thinking and a new agenda for politics.
1299:(2002), detailed biography of Roosevelt as president 1901–1909
1047:
After Wilson: The Struggle for the Democratic Party, 1920–1934
731:
America Reformed: Progressives and Progressivisms, 1890s–1920s
567:
were marked, on the international scene by the problem of the
560:
of 1922 achieved significant naval disarmament for ten years.
162:. The Great Depression caused a realignment that produced the
405:
Congress passed a major welfare program sought by women, the
269:, quickly reasserted itself as the party of big business and
1188:
Grass Roots Politics: Parties, Issues, and Voters, 1854–1983
134:
The period featured a transformation from the issues of the
85:
shaded states usually voted for the Democratic Party, while
515:
tried to negotiate peace in Europe, but when Germany began
629:
Political Parties, Interest Groups and Political Campaigns
1160:
Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
908:
We Are What We Drink: The Temperance Battle in Minnesota
1176:(1948), chapters on Bryan, Roosevelt, Wilson and Hoover
1212:
Continuity and Change in Electoral Politics, 1893–1928
1195:
What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party
333:
became the last president of the Fourth Party System.
116:
captured the White House and held it for eight years.
1352:
History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2008
1345:
The Party of Reform: Democrats in the Progressive Era
1031:
A Righteous Cause: The Life of William Jennings Bryan
89:
shaded states usually voted for the Republican Party.
6351:
6299:
6253:
6188:
6177:
5875:
5592:
5407:
5158:
5040:
4138:
4015:
3958:
3888:
3850:
3781:
3770:
3725:
3464:
3450:
3390:
3021:
3012:
2803:
2606:
2469:
1665:
1318:
Political parties in American history: 1890-present
1311:
Political parties in American history: 1890-present
119:American history texts usually call the period the
1014:, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 263–314.
146:, race, and monetary issues. The era began in the
108:from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the
1269:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917
1262:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917
1061:(1). Organization of American Historians: 41–59.
803:Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States?
744:A Companion to the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
233:, another realigning election with the ascent of
433:as a solution to social problems; they included
378:History of women's suffrage in the United States
6455:History of the Democratic Party (United States)
6450:History of the Republican Party (United States)
1436:William Jennings Bryan and the Campaign of 1896
603:History of the Republican Party (United States)
598:History of the Democratic Party (United States)
4074:
1601:
1484:
197:. Dominant personalities included presidents
123:. The concept was introduced under the name "
8:
1264:(1972) standard political history of the era
479:Timeline of United States diplomatic history
213:(D), and Wisconsin's progressive Republican
19:
16:Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1896–1932)
6291:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
6266:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
3860:National Republican Congressional Committee
1005:The Evolution of American Electoral Systems
937:Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City
424:Ethnocultural politics in the United States
6185:
4081:
4067:
4059:
3950:High School Republican National Federation
3778:
3461:
3018:
1608:
1594:
1586:
1491:
1477:
1469:
18:
6276:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
1153:The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt.
1121:America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914
6286:National Conference of Democratic Mayors
6281:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
6261:Democratic Attorneys General Association
4043:Timeline of modern American conservatism
3875:Republican Attorneys General Association
3870:National Republican Senatorial Committee
1276:Parties and Politics in American History
691:
6317:National Federation of Democratic Women
3865:National Republican Redistricting Trust
1438:(1953), primary and secondary sources.
1167:The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R.
1148:Fulltext online at SwetsWise and Ebsco.
1026:(Millennium Edition) (2006) series Ca11
619:
209:(D), three-time presidential candidate
193:, World War I, and the creation of the
6420:Political history of the United States
3983:Republican National Coalition for Life
608:Political parties in the United States
6394:2018 House Caucus leadership election
6389:2006 House Caucus leadership election
3925:Republican National Hispanic Assembly
1398:(1897), speeches from 1896 campaign.
382:History of women in the United States
7:
6425:Progressive Era in the United States
971:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 298.
950:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
778:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
487:in 1898 precipitated the end of the
1507:Political eras of the United States
1327:(2017), libertarian interpretation
707:(University Press of Kansas, 2010).
154:. It included the Progressive Era,
3968:Republican Main Street Partnership
1406:William Jennings Bryan; Selections
805:(Princeton University Press, 2007)
593:Party systems in the United States
14:
3910:Congressional Hispanic Conference
1320:(vol 3. 1974) pp. 1001–1008,
1024:Historical Statistics of the U.S.
682:(U Press of Kansas, 2010), p. xi.
112:, except the 1912 split in which
6339:High School Democrats of America
6271:Democratic Governors Association
6228:Congressional Progressive Caucus
4997:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)
3880:Republican Governors Association
2419:2020 (Charlotte/other locations)
1556:
1500:
1313:(vol 3. 1974) pp. 945–1000.
1240:, Vol. 11, No. 2, 217–241 (2005)
1174:The American Political Tradition
1007:, Greenwood. (1983) pp 147–202.
631:. Westview Press. 1999. Page 11.
420:Prohibition in the United States
308:and directly electing senators.
150:and the extraordinarily intense
75:
25:
6206:Steering and Outreach Committee
718:The Search For Order, 1877–1920
3973:Republican Majority for Choice
3801:Steering and Policy Committees
644:(Jan 2005) 33#1 pp. 3–32.
517:unrestricted submarine warfare
166:, dominated by the Democratic
1:
4038:International Democracy Union
1350:Schlesinger, Arthur Jr., ed.
998:Herbert Hoover: A Public Life
759:, "The American tariff map."
6307:College Democrats of America
1363:Dynamics of the Party System
968:Donegan and the Panama Canal
965:Thomas E. Morrissey (2009).
882:Journal of political Economy
263:presidency of Woodrow Wilson
4270:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)
3920:Republican Jewish Coalition
3835:Republican Governance Group
1218:Lawrence, David G. (1996).
1055:Journal of American History
910:(U of Illinois Press, 2015)
850:Journal of American History
642:American Politics Research,
558:Washington Naval Conference
528:on the wealthy, set up the
506:control of the Panama Canal
138:, which had focused on the
6471:
6445:1920s in the United States
6440:1910s in the United States
6435:1900s in the United States
6430:1890s in the United States
6384:2017 chairmanship election
6379:2005 chairmanship election
6334:Young Democrats of America
3840:Republican Study Committee
1245:American Historical Review
1138:Journal of Women's History
834:Journal of Women's History
579:in 1924 and then with the
476:
417:
375:
280:
6399:Weekly Democratic Address
6327:Stonewall Young Democrats
4098:
3978:Republican Liberty Caucus
1625:
1565:
1554:
1513:
1394:Bryan, William Jennings.
1347:(1989), covers 1910–1930.
1151:Harbaugh, William Henry.
1100:Pacific Historical Review
1092:102.4 (2021): 1268–1288.
1042:. (1983) a dual biography
921:Pacific Historical Review
534:Food and Fuel Control Act
148:severe depression of 1893
73:
67:
34:
24:
6154:Northern Mariana Islands
3748:Northern Mariana Islands
1434:Whicher, George F., ed.
1090:Social Science Quarterly
884:107.6 (1999): 1163–1198.
654:Phillips, Kevin (2003).
371:
290:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act
283:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act
271:laissez-faire capitalism
215:Robert M. La Follette Sr
6364:Presidential candidates
1381:excerpt and text search
1132:excerpt and text search
158:, and the start of the
6243:Problem Solvers Caucus
6238:New Democrat Coalition
5092:(1885–1889; 1893–1897)
3830:Problem Solvers Caucus
1260:Link, Arthur Stanley.
1012:Social Science History
923:(1981) 50#1 pp: 53–75
852:55.4 (1969): 776–786.
823:Lawrence (1996) p. 34.
554:Harding administration
546:second Polish Republic
473:International policies
402:League of Women Voters
246:William Jennings Bryan
211:William Jennings Bryan
102:political party system
3915:Log Cabin Republicans
1573:Political realignment
1424:Roosevelt, Theodore.
1414:La Follette, Robert.
1172:Hofstadter, Richard.
1165:Hofstadter, Richard.
780:50.3 (1963): 424-442
763:45.3 (1955): 327-346
755:Howard R. Smith, and
477:Further information:
461:. On the "wet" side,
354:Franklin D. Roosevelt
244:victory in 1896 over
129:E. E. Schattschneider
6144:District of Columbia
4817:1984 (San Francisco)
4712:1964 (Atlantic City)
4492:1920 (San Francisco)
3945:Republicans Overseas
3935:Teen Age Republicans
3738:District of Columbia
2139:1964 (San Francisco)
2099:1956 (San Francisco)
1635:National Union Party
1548:Seventh Party System
1361:Sundquist, James L.
1333:Sanders, Elizabeth.
1323:Rothbard, Murray N.
1285:2003 3(2): 215–227.
1247:(1976) 81: 317–348.
569:economic reparations
530:War Industries Board
485:Spanish–American War
364:which dominated the
255:Progressive Movement
183:Spanish–American War
6322:Stonewall Democrats
4977:2016 (Philadelphia)
4632:1948 (Philadelphia)
4572:1936 (Philadelphia)
4118:Fourth Party System
4108:Second Party System
3898:College Republicans
2319:2000 (Philadelphia)
2059:1948 (Philadelphia)
2019:1940 (Philadelphia)
1836:1900 (Philadelphia)
1745:1872 (Philadelphia)
1693:1856 (Philadelphia)
1645:Fourth Party System
1533:Fourth Party System
1523:Second Party System
1325:The Progressive Era
1283:White House Studies
1253:Lichtman, Allan J.
1112:Gosnell, Harold F.
1102:1981 50(1): 53–75.
1037:Cooper, John Milton
1022:Carter, Susan, ed.
935:Michael A. Lerner,
761:Geographical Review
457:, and Scandinavian
407:Sheppard–Towner Act
314:William Howard Taft
296:Progressive reforms
227:realigning election
98:Fourth Party System
21:
20:Fourth Party System
6223:Blue Dog Coalition
4897:2000 (Los Angeles)
4752:1972 (Miami Beach)
4692:1960 (Los Angeles)
4472:1916 (Saint Louis)
4426:1904 (Saint Louis)
4413:1900 (Kansas City)
4374:1888 (Saint Louis)
4335:1876 (Saint Louis)
4128:Sixth Party System
4123:Fifth Party System
4113:Third Party System
3930:Republicans Abroad
3795:Legislative Digest
2259:1988 (New Orleans)
2199:1976 (Kansas City)
2179:1972 (Miami Beach)
2159:1968 (Miami Beach)
1959:1928 (Kansas City)
1823:1896 (Saint Louis)
1810:1892 (Minneapolis)
1655:Sixth Party System
1650:Fifth Party System
1640:Third Party System
1543:Sixth Party System
1538:Fifth Party System
1528:Third Party System
1518:First Party System
1375:Williams, R. Hal.
1222:. Westview Press.
1158:Harrison, Robert.
1081:Edwards, Rebecca.
1045:Craig, Douglas B.
1029:Cherny, Robert W.
836:9.2 (1997): 8–30.
729:Maureen Flanagan,
439:Congregationalists
366:Fifth Party System
362:New Deal coalition
358:New Deal coalition
350:Fifth Party System
310:Theodore Roosevelt
267:Theodore Roosevelt
235:Franklin Roosevelt
203:Theodore Roosevelt
191:Mexican Revolution
168:New Deal Coalition
164:Fifth Party System
140:American Civil War
136:Third Party System
6407:
6406:
6347:
6346:
6233:Justice Democrats
5857:Wasserman Schultz
4348:1880 (Cincinnati)
4257:1856 (Cincinnati)
4056:
4055:
4011:
4010:
3940:Young Republicans
3808:Senate Conference
3766:
3765:
3446:
3445:
1758:1876 (Cincinnati)
1583:
1582:
1404:Ginger, Ray, ed.
1186:Jensen, Richard.
1179:Jensen, Richard.
1140:1997 9(2): 8–30.
906:Sabine N. Meyer,
703:R. Hal Williams,
694:, pp. 73–77.
678:R. Hal Williams,
665:978-0-805-06953-2
550:League of Nations
388:Progressive Party
323:Warren G. Harding
195:League of Nations
170:until the 1970s.
94:
93:
69:
63:
62:
6462:
6312:Democrats Abroad
6201:Policy Committee
6186:
6169:Democrats Abroad
4957:2012 (Charlotte)
4452:1912 (Baltimore)
4322:1872 (Baltimore)
4244:1852 (Baltimore)
4231:1848 (Baltimore)
4218:1844 (Baltimore)
4205:1840 (Baltimore)
4192:1835 (Baltimore)
4179:1832 (Baltimore)
4092:
4091:Democratic Party
4083:
4076:
4069:
4060:
3813:Policy Committee
3789:House Conference
3779:
3462:
3019:
2439:2024 (Milwaukee)
2399:2016 (Cleveland)
2299:1996 (San Diego)
1999:1936 (Cleveland)
1939:1924 (Cleveland)
1719:1864 (Baltimore)
1619:
1618:Republican Party
1610:
1603:
1596:
1587:
1560:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1365:, (2nd ed. 1983)
1295:Morris, Edmund.
1233:
1210:Kleppner, Paul.
1203:Keller, Morton.
1193:Kazin, Michael.
1126:Gould, Lewis L.
1119:Gould, Lewis L.
1078:
983:
982:
962:
956:
946:
940:
933:
927:
917:
911:
904:
898:
891:
885:
878:
872:
862:
856:
846:
840:
830:
824:
821:
815:
812:
806:
799:
793:
790:
784:
774:
768:
757:John Fraser Hart
753:
747:
746:(2017): 296-307.
740:
734:
727:
721:
714:
708:
701:
695:
689:
683:
676:
670:
669:
656:William McKinley
651:
645:
638:
632:
624:
565:Roaring Twenties
499:, with the 1898
372:Women's suffrage
342:Great Depression
250:Democratic Party
199:William McKinley
160:Great Depression
152:election of 1896
110:Republican Party
88:
84:
79:
68:
36:
35:
29:
22:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6343:
6295:
6249:
6180:
6173:
5880:
5878:
5871:
5594:
5588:
5481:C. A. Culberson
5427:J. W. Stevenson
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5403:
5290:D. B. Culberson
5175:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5154:
5046:administrations
5044:
5036:
4857:1992 (New York)
4797:1980 (New York)
4777:1976 (New York)
4512:1924 (New York)
4309:1868 (New York)
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4057:
4052:
4007:
3960:
3954:
3890:
3884:
3852:
3846:
3773:
3762:
3721:
3457:
3455:
3442:
3391:Chair elections
3386:
3008:
2907:D. B. Henderson
2895:T. J. Henderson
2820:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2602:
2475:administrations
2473:
2465:
2359:2008 (St. Paul)
2339:2004 (New York)
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1584:
1579:
1569:Cyclical theory
1561:
1552:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1449:
1444:
1390:
1388:Primary sources
1385:
1341:Sarasohn, David
1302:Mowry, George.
1230:
1217:
1214:Greenwood. 1987
1067:10.2307/1917933
1052:
1016:online at JSTOR
996:Burner, David.
992:
987:
986:
979:
964:
963:
959:
947:
943:
934:
930:
918:
914:
905:
901:
892:
888:
879:
875:
865:Kristi Andersen
863:
859:
847:
843:
831:
827:
822:
818:
813:
809:
800:
796:
791:
787:
775:
771:
754:
750:
741:
737:
728:
724:
715:
711:
702:
698:
690:
686:
677:
673:
666:
653:
652:
648:
639:
635:
625:
621:
616:
589:
542:Fourteen Points
501:Treaty of Paris
481:
475:
426:
418:Main articles:
416:
384:
376:Main articles:
374:
327:Calvin Coolidge
298:
285:
279:
223:
121:Progressive Era
90:
86:
82:
74:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6468:
6466:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6412:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6301:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6248:
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6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6192:
6190:
6183:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6164:Virgin Islands
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6139:American Samoa
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6084:South Carolina
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:North Carolina
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5830:
5821:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5423:
5421:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5180:
5178:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5050:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5017:2024 (Chicago)
5014:
5013:
5012:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4877:1996 (Chicago)
4874:
4873:
4872:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4837:1988 (Atlanta)
4834:
4833:
4832:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4732:1968 (Chicago)
4729:
4728:
4727:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4672:1956 (Chicago)
4669:
4668:
4667:
4652:1952 (Chicago)
4649:
4648:
4647:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4612:1944 (Chicago)
4609:
4608:
4607:
4592:1940 (Chicago)
4589:
4588:
4587:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4552:1932 (Chicago)
4549:
4548:
4547:
4532:1928 (Houston)
4529:
4528:
4527:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4449:
4436:
4423:
4410:
4400:1896 (Chicago)
4397:
4387:1892 (Chicago)
4384:
4371:
4361:1884 (Chicago)
4358:
4345:
4332:
4319:
4306:
4296:1864 (Chicago)
4293:
4267:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4215:
4202:
4189:
4176:
4162:
4160:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Liberty Caucus
3990:
3988:ConservAmerica
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3825:Freedom Caucus
3817:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3785:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3758:Virgin Islands
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:American Samoa
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:South Carolina
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:North Carolina
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2460:2028 (Houston)
2456:
2455:
2454:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2279:1992 (Houston)
2276:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2219:1980 (Detroit)
2216:
2215:
2214:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2119:1960 (Chicago)
2116:
2115:
2114:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2079:1952 (Chicago)
2076:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2039:1944 (Chicago)
2036:
2035:
2034:
2016:
2015:
2014:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1979:1932 (Chicago)
1976:
1975:
1974:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1919:1920 (Chicago)
1916:
1915:
1914:
1899:1916 (Chicago)
1896:
1895:
1894:
1875:1912 (Chicago)
1872:
1862:1908 (Chicago)
1859:
1849:1904 (Chicago)
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1797:1888 (Chicago)
1794:
1784:1884 (Chicago)
1781:
1771:1880 (Chicago)
1768:
1755:
1742:
1732:1868 (Chicago)
1729:
1716:
1706:1860 (Chicago)
1703:
1689:
1687:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:online version
1460:
1455:
1448:
1447:External links
1445:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1348:
1338:
1331:
1329:online excerpt
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1279:
1272:
1267:Link, Arthur.
1265:
1258:
1251:
1241:
1238:Party Politics
1234:
1228:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1134:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1096:
1086:
1079:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1001:
993:
991:
988:
985:
984:
977:
957:
952:(1937): 43–52.
941:
928:
912:
899:
893:Norman Clark,
886:
873:
857:
841:
825:
816:
807:
801:Robin Archer,
794:
785:
769:
748:
735:
722:
716:Robert Wiebe,
709:
696:
684:
671:
664:
646:
633:
618:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
588:
585:
513:Woodrow Wilson
489:Spanish Empire
474:
471:
415:
412:
373:
370:
368:, after 1932.
331:Herbert Hoover
319:Woodrow Wilson
297:
294:
281:Main article:
278:
275:
222:
219:
207:Woodrow Wilson
144:Reconstruction
125:System of 1896
92:
91:
80:
71:
70:
65:
64:
61:
60:
54:
43:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6467:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Superdelegate
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6196:Senate Caucus
6194:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6124:West Virginia
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:New Hampshire
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:Massachusetts
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5412:
5406:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5125:L. B. Johnson
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4937:2008 (Denver)
4935:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4917:2004 (Boston)
4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4439:1908 (Denver)
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4143:
4137:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4049:
4046:
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2585:G. H. W. Bush
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2283:G. H. W. Bush
2280:
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2268:
2264:
2263:G. H. W. Bush
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:G. H. W. Bush
2244:
2240:
2239:1984 (Dallas)
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:G. H. W. Bush
2224:
2220:
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2213:
2210:
2209:
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1426:Autobiography
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1416:Autobiography
1413:
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1229:0-8133-8984-4
1225:
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1213:
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1196:
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1035:
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1028:
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1021:
1017:
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1008:
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1002:
999:
995:
994:
989:
980:
978:9781462832637
974:
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961:
958:
955:
951:
945:
942:
938:
932:
929:
926:
922:
916:
913:
909:
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896:
890:
887:
883:
877:
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870:
866:
861:
858:
855:
851:
845:
842:
839:
835:
829:
826:
820:
817:
814:Degler (1964)
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
789:
786:
783:
779:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
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749:
745:
739:
736:
732:
726:
723:
719:
713:
710:
706:
700:
697:
693:
692:Phillips 2003
688:
685:
681:
675:
672:
667:
661:
657:
650:
647:
643:
637:
634:
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623:
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570:
566:
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555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:, imposed an
523:
522:Liberty loans
518:
514:
509:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
472:
470:
468:
464:
463:Episcopalians
460:
456:
452:
451:Presbyterians
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
421:
413:
411:
408:
403:
398:
393:
389:
383:
379:
369:
367:
363:
359:
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351:
347:
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311:
307:
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295:
293:
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284:
276:
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268:
264:
258:
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220:
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161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
106:United States
103:
99:
78:
72:
66:
59: →
58:
55:
53:
52:
48:
44:
42:
39:←
38:
37:
33:
28:
23:
6213:House Caucus
6089:South Dakota
6079:Rhode Island
6074:Pennsylvania
6054:North Dakota
5184:A. Stevenson
5042:Presidential
4676:Stevenson II
4656:Stevenson II
4282:Breckinridge
4265:Breckinridge
4212:
4156:presidential
4147:presidential
4117:
4033:Bibliography
3793:
3672:South Dakota
3662:Rhode Island
3657:Pennsylvania
3637:North Dakota
2471:Presidential
2458:
2379:2012 (Tampa)
1683:presidential
1667:Presidential
1644:
1532:
1458:bibliography
1435:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1396:First Battle
1395:
1376:
1369:
1368:Ware, Alan.
1362:
1351:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1297:Theodore Rex
1296:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1244:
1237:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1099:
1089:
1082:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1023:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:Bibliography
967:
960:
949:
944:
936:
931:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
881:
876:
868:
860:
849:
844:
833:
828:
819:
810:
802:
797:
788:
777:
772:
760:
751:
743:
738:
730:
725:
717:
712:
704:
699:
687:
679:
674:
655:
649:
641:
636:
628:
622:
562:
510:
482:
427:
385:
339:
335:
299:
286:
259:
239:
224:
176:
172:
133:
124:
118:
97:
95:
45:
6254:Fundraising
6159:Puerto Rico
6004:Mississippi
5919:Connecticut
5879:territorial
5579:(2005–2017)
5573:(1995–2005)
5567:(1989–1995)
5561:(1977–1989)
5555:(1961–1977)
5549:(1953–1961)
5543:(1951–1953)
5537:(1949–1951)
5531:(1937–1949)
5525:(1923–1937)
5519:(1920–1923)
5513:(1919–1920)
5507:(1917–1919)
5501:(1913–1917)
5495:(1911–1913)
5489:(1909–1911)
5483:(1907–1909)
5477:(1906–1907)
5471:(1903–1906)
5465:(1899–1903)
5463:J. K. Jones
5459:(1898–1899)
5453:(1890–1898)
5447:(1885–1890)
5441:(1881–1885)
5435:(1877–1881)
5429:(1873–1877)
5409:U.S. Senate
5394:(2003–2023)
5388:(1995–2003)
5382:(1989–1995)
5376:(1987–1989)
5370:(1977–1987)
5364:(1971–1977)
5358:(1962–1971)
5352:(1940–1961)
5346:(1936–1940)
5340:(1935–1936)
5334:(1933–1934)
5328:(1929–1933)
5322:(1923–1929)
5316:(1921–1923)
5310:(1909–1921)
5304:(1903–1909)
5298:(1897–1903)
5292:(1895–1897)
5286:(1891–1895)
5280:(1889–1891)
5274:(1883–1889)
5268:(1876–1881)
5262:(1875–1876)
5256:(1873–1875)
5250:(1869–1871)
5240:(1859–1861)
5234:(1857–1859)
5228:(1855–1857)
5226:G. W. Jones
5222:(1851–1855)
5216:(1849–1851)
5210:(1845–1847)
5204:(1843–1845)
5202:J. W. Jones
5198:(1835–1839)
5192:(1834–1835)
5186:(1827–1834)
5145:(2009–2017)
5139:(1993–2001)
5133:(1977–1981)
5127:(1963–1969)
5121:(1961–1963)
5115:(1945–1953)
5101:Roosevelt (
5098:(1913–1921)
5086:(1868–1869)
5080:(1857–1861)
5074:(1853–1857)
5068:(1845–1849)
5062:(1837–1841)
5056:(1829–1837)
4421:Stevenson I
4395:Stevenson I
4166:1828 (None)
4142:conventions
3851:Fundraising
3772:Affiliated
3753:Puerto Rico
3587:Mississippi
3502:Connecticut
3224:Summerfield
2999:(2019–2023)
2993:(2015–2019)
2987:(2007–2015)
2981:(1999–2007)
2975:(1995–1999)
2969:(1981–1995)
2963:(1973–1981)
2957:(1965–1973)
2951:(1959–1965)
2945:(1939–1959)
2939:(1931–1939)
2933:(1925–1931)
2927:(1919–1925)
2921:(1911–1919)
2915:(1903–1911)
2909:(1899–1903)
2903:(1895–1899)
2897:(1891–1895)
2891:(1889–1891)
2885:(1883–1889)
2879:(1881–1883)
2873:(1879–1881)
2867:(1877–1879)
2861:(1875–1877)
2855:(1869–1875)
2843:(1863–1869)
2837:(1861–1863)
2831:(1860–1861)
2790:(2003–2007)
2784:(1996–2003)
2778:(1985–1996)
2772:(1980–1985)
2766:(1979–1980)
2760:(1977–1979)
2754:(1969–1977)
2748:(1959–1969)
2742:(1953–1959)
2730:(1952–1953)
2724:(1949–1952)
2718:(1944–1949)
2712:(1941–1944)
2706:(1940–1941)
2700:(1933–1940)
2694:(1929–1933)
2688:(1924–1929)
2682:(1918–1924)
2676:(1913–1918)
2670:(1911–1913)
2664:(1908–1911)
2658:(1897–1908)
2652:(1891–1897)
2646:(1885–1891)
2640:(1884–1885)
2634:(1862–1884)
2628:(1859–1862)
2608:U.S. Senate
2599:(2017–2021)
2593:(2001–2009)
2587:(1989–1993)
2581:(1981–1989)
2575:(1974–1977)
2569:(1969–1974)
2563:(1953–1961)
2557:(1929–1933)
2551:(1923–1929)
2545:(1921–1923)
2539:(1909–1913)
2533:(1901–1909)
2527:(1897–1901)
2521:(1889–1893)
2515:(1881–1885)
2503:(1877–1881)
2497:(1869–1877)
2491:(1865–1868)
2485:(1861–1865)
1676:conventions
792:Ware (2002)
573:irredentist
538:war economy
431:prohibition
414:Prohibition
397:World War I
392:Jane Addams
187:Imperialism
156:World War I
6414:Categories
6179:Affiliated
6119:Washington
6039:New Mexico
6034:New Jersey
5909:California
5296:Richardson
5160:U.S. House
5084:A. Johnson
4981:H. Clinton
4881:B. Clinton
4861:B. Clinton
4716:L. Johnson
4700:L. Johnson
4278:H. Johnson
4200:R. Johnson
3702:Washington
3622:New Mexico
3617:New Jersey
3492:California
3303:Fahrenkopf
3298:Fahrenkopf
3219:Gabrielson
2829:Pennington
2819:Conference
2805:U.S. House
2626:J. P. Hale
2616:Conference
2591:G. W. Bush
2561:Eisenhower
2343:G. W. Bush
2323:G. W. Bush
2103:Eisenhower
2083:Eisenhower
1577:Psephology
1567:See also:
614:References
581:Young Plan
577:Dawes Plan
526:income tax
435:Methodists
329:. In 1928
277:The tariff
242:Republican
231:until 1932
221:Beginnings
6359:Primaries
6300:Sectional
6129:Wisconsin
6094:Tennessee
5999:Minnesota
5974:Louisiana
5877:State and
5842:McAuliffe
5670:McCormick
5593:Chairs of
5553:Mansfield
5541:McFarland
5517:Underwood
5511:Hitchcock
5475:Blackburn
5439:Pendleton
5356:McCormack
5107:1941–1945
5103:1933–1941
5090:Cleveland
5060:Van Buren
5030:primaries
5010:primaries
4990:primaries
4970:primaries
4950:primaries
4930:primaries
4910:primaries
4905:Lieberman
4890:primaries
4870:primaries
4850:primaries
4830:primaries
4810:primaries
4790:primaries
4770:primaries
4745:primaries
4725:primaries
4705:primaries
4685:primaries
4665:primaries
4645:primaries
4625:primaries
4616:Roosevelt
4605:primaries
4596:Roosevelt
4585:primaries
4576:Roosevelt
4565:primaries
4556:Roosevelt
4545:primaries
4525:primaries
4505:primaries
4500:Roosevelt
4485:primaries
4465:primaries
4391:Cleveland
4378:Cleveland
4369:Hendricks
4365:Cleveland
4343:Hendricks
4304:Pendleton
4300:McClellan
4209:Van Buren
4196:Van Buren
4187:Van Buren
4158:primaries
4023:Primaries
3959:Factional
3889:Sectional
3726:Territory
3712:Wisconsin
3677:Tennessee
3582:Minnesota
3557:Louisiana
3458:territory
3456:state and
3343:Gillespie
3328:Nicholson
3264:R. Morton
3244:T. Morton
3129:Rosewater
3119:Hitchcock
3109:Cortelyou
2931:Longworth
2794:McConnell
2674:Gallinger
2531:Roosevelt
2452:primaries
2432:primaries
2412:primaries
2392:primaries
2372:primaries
2352:primaries
2332:primaries
2312:primaries
2292:primaries
2272:primaries
2252:primaries
2232:primaries
2212:primaries
2192:primaries
2172:primaries
2152:primaries
2143:Goldwater
2132:primaries
2112:primaries
2092:primaries
2072:primaries
2052:primaries
2032:primaries
2012:primaries
1992:primaries
1972:primaries
1952:primaries
1932:primaries
1912:primaries
1907:Fairbanks
1892:primaries
1857:Fairbanks
1853:Roosevelt
1844:Roosevelt
1685:primaries
1357:1988-2001
1291:1535-4768
1146:1042-7961
1108:0030-8684
1000:. (1979).
583:in 1929.
493:Caribbean
467:Catholics
459:Lutherans
443:Disciples
306:primaries
302:muckraker
205:(R), and
114:Democrats
6218:Factions
6189:Congress
6114:Virginia
6064:Oklahoma
6044:New York
6019:Nebraska
6009:Missouri
5994:Michigan
5984:Maryland
5969:Kentucky
5949:Illinois
5924:Delaware
5914:Colorado
5904:Arkansas
5867:Harrison
5828:Grossman
5770:Westwood
5735:Mitchell
5730:McKinney
5715:Hannegan
5675:Cummings
5565:Mitchell
5523:Robinson
5398:Jeffries
5386:Gephardt
5344:Bankhead
5302:Williams
5272:Carlisle
5167:Speakers
5078:Buchanan
4760:Eagleton
4756:McGovern
4736:Humphrey
4720:Humphrey
4680:Kefauver
4660:Sparkman
4540:Robinson
4520:C. Bryan
4516:J. Davis
4480:Marshall
4460:Marshall
4443:W. Bryan
4434:H. Davis
4417:W. Bryan
4404:W. Bryan
4261:Buchanan
4140:National
4048:Trumpism
3903:Chairmen
3820:Factions
3782:Congress
3697:Virginia
3647:Oklahoma
3627:New York
3602:Nebraska
3592:Missouri
3577:Michigan
3567:Maryland
3552:Kentucky
3532:Illinois
3507:Delaware
3497:Colorado
3487:Arkansas
3377:McDaniel
3353:Martínez
3289:Richards
3204:Brownell
3199:Spangler
3184:Hamilton
3179:Fletcher
3089:Campbell
3084:Clarkson
3054:Chandler
2997:McCarthy
2973:Gingrich
2812:Speakers
2740:Knowland
2549:Coolidge
2525:McKinley
2519:Harrison
2507:Garfield
1943:Coolidge
1927:Coolidge
1840:McKinley
1827:McKinley
1814:Harrison
1801:Harrison
1775:Garfield
1674:national
1408:(1967).
1249:in JSTOR
954:in JSTOR
925:in JSTOR
587:See also
495:and the
465:, Irish
447:Baptists
346:Al Smith
248:and his
100:was the
6369:Debates
6352:Related
6134:Wyoming
6109:Vermont
6014:Montana
5954:Indiana
5934:Georgia
5929:Florida
5899:Arizona
5889:Alabama
5881:parties
5833:Rendell
5805:Wilhelm
5775:Strauss
5765:O'Brien
5755:O'Brien
5745:Jackson
5720:McGrath
5665:McCombs
5655:Taggart
5645:Harrity
5620:Belmont
5615:Smalley
5605:Hallett
5585:(2017–)
5583:Schumer
5571:Daschle
5547:Johnson
5529:Barkley
5433:Wallace
5411:leaders
5400:(2023–)
5368:O'Neill
5350:Rayburn
5320:Garrett
5314:Kitchin
5266:Randall
5254:Niblack
5248:Randall
5244:Niblack
5238:Houston
5162:leaders
5151:(2021–)
5137:Clinton
5119:Kennedy
5054:Jackson
4925:Edwards
4845:Bentsen
4841:Dukakis
4825:Ferraro
4821:Mondale
4805:Mondale
4785:Mondale
4764:Shriver
4696:Kennedy
4640:Barkley
4600:Wallace
4382:Thurman
4356:English
4352:Hancock
4326:Greeley
4313:Seymour
4274:Douglas
4183:Jackson
4174:Calhoun
4170:Jackson
4149:tickets
4103:History
4028:Debates
4016:Related
3717:Wyoming
3692:Vermont
3597:Montana
3537:Indiana
3517:Georgia
3512:Florida
3482:Arizona
3472:Alabama
3452:Parties
3382:Whatley
3372:Priebus
3348:Mehlman
3338:Racicot
3333:Gilmore
3323:Barbour
3313:Yeutter
3308:Atwater
3229:Roberts
3174:Sanders
3059:Cameron
3044:Claflin
3034:Raymond
3005:(2023–)
3003:Johnson
2985:Boehner
2979:Hastert
2949:Halleck
2925:Gillett
2859:McCrary
2847:Pomeroy
2807:leaders
2796:(2007–)
2764:Stevens
2746:Dirksen
2728:Bridges
2662:E. Hale
2656:Allison
2650:Sherman
2644:Edmunds
2638:Sherman
2632:Anthony
2610:leaders
2543:Harding
2489:Johnson
2483:Lincoln
2047:Bricker
2023:Willkie
1923:Harding
1883:Sherman
1870:Sherman
1766:Wheeler
1727:Johnson
1723:Lincoln
1710:Lincoln
1697:Frémont
1669:tickets
1630:History
1428:(1913)
1418:(1913)
1379:(2010)
1257:(1979).
1199:excerpt
1130:(2008)
1075:1917933
871:(1996).
720:(1967).
497:Pacific
491:in the
455:Quakers
104:in the
6181:groups
6069:Oregon
6024:Nevada
5964:Kansas
5939:Hawaii
5894:Alaska
5837:Andrew
5819:Fowler
5790:Manatt
5780:Curtis
5760:Harris
5750:Bailey
5740:Butler
5710:Walker
5700:Farley
5695:Raskob
5690:Shaver
5635:Barnum
5630:Hewitt
5625:Schell
5610:McLane
5505:Martin
5493:Martin
5469:Gorman
5457:Turpie
5451:Gorman
5419:chairs
5417:Caucus
5392:Pelosi
5374:Wright
5362:Albert
5332:Rainey
5326:Garner
5278:Holman
5176:chairs
5174:Caucus
5131:Carter
5113:Truman
5096:Wilson
5072:Pierce
5021:Harris
5005:Harris
4801:Carter
4781:Carter
4740:Muskie
4636:Truman
4620:Truman
4580:Garner
4560:Garner
4476:Wilson
4456:Wilson
4430:Parker
4408:Sewall
4339:Tilden
4248:Pierce
4239:Butler
4226:Dallas
3961:groups
3891:groups
3853:groups
3652:Oregon
3607:Nevada
3547:Kansas
3522:Hawaii
3477:Alaska
3367:Steele
3362:Duncan
3357:Duncan
3294:Laxalt
3249:Miller
3239:Alcorn
3189:Martin
3164:Huston
3154:Butler
3139:Wilcox
3134:Hilles
3094:Carter
3064:Jewell
3049:Morgan
3029:Morgan
3022:Chairs
2967:Michel
2961:Rhodes
2943:Martin
2913:Cannon
2883:Cannon
2877:Keifer
2853:Blaine
2849:(1869)
2841:Colfax
2821:chairs
2736:(1953)
2722:Wherry
2710:McNary
2704:Austin
2698:McNary
2692:Watson
2686:Curtis
2668:Cullom
2618:chairs
2579:Reagan
2555:Hoover
2513:Arthur
2509:(1881)
2383:Romney
2363:McCain
2347:Cheney
2327:Cheney
2287:Quayle
2267:Quayle
2243:Reagan
2223:Reagan
2147:Miller
2067:Warren
2027:McNary
2003:Landon
1987:Curtis
1983:Hoover
1967:Curtis
1963:Hoover
1903:Hughes
1887:Butler
1831:Hobart
1805:Morton
1788:Blaine
1779:Arthur
1753:Wilson
1740:Colfax
1714:Hamlin
1701:Dayton
1440:online
1430:online
1420:online
1410:online
1400:online
1372:(2002)
1306:(1954)
1289:
1278:(1994)
1271:(1963)
1226:
1207:(1977)
1197:(2022)
1190:(1983)
1183:(1971)
1169:(1955)
1162:(2004)
1155:(1963)
1144:
1123:(2000)
1116:(1924)
1106:
1094:online
1085:(1997)
1073:
1049:(1992)
1033:(1994)
975:
939:(2009)
897:(1976)
854:online
838:online
782:online
765:online
733:(2007)
662:
556:, the
189:, the
179:trusts
6099:Texas
5979:Maine
5944:Idaho
5862:Perez
5852:Kaine
5824:Romer
5810:DeLee
5800:Brown
5785:White
5725:Boyle
5705:Flynn
5680:White
5650:Jones
5640:Brice
5535:Lucas
5487:Money
5380:Foley
5338:Byrns
5308:Clark
5284:Crisp
5208:Davis
5149:Biden
5143:Obama
5001:Biden
4985:Kaine
4965:Biden
4961:Obama
4945:Biden
4941:Obama
4921:Kerry
4536:Smith
4330:Brown
4317:Blair
3682:Texas
3562:Maine
3527:Idaho
3465:State
3284:Brock
3279:Smith
3259:Bliss
3254:Burch
3214:Scott
3209:Reece
3194:Walsh
3149:Adams
3104:Payne
3099:Hanna
3074:Jones
3069:Sabin
2937:Snell
2788:Frist
2770:Baker
2758:Baker
2752:Scott
2716:White
2680:Lodge
2597:Trump
2567:Nixon
2501:Hayes
2495:Grant
2447:Vance
2443:Trump
2427:Pence
2423:Trump
2407:Pence
2403:Trump
2367:Palin
2187:Agnew
2183:Nixon
2167:Agnew
2163:Nixon
2127:Lodge
2123:Nixon
2107:Nixon
2087:Nixon
2063:Dewey
2043:Dewey
1947:Dawes
1792:Logan
1762:Hayes
1749:Grant
1736:Grant
1071:JSTOR
352:with
201:(R),
127:" by
57:Fifth
41:Third
6149:Guam
6104:Utah
6059:Ohio
5959:Iowa
5847:Dean
5815:Dodd
5795:Kirk
5685:Hull
5660:Mack
5595:the
5577:Reid
5559:Byrd
5499:Kern
5445:Beck
5260:Kerr
5220:Boyd
5214:Cobb
5196:Polk
5190:Bell
5066:Polk
5025:Walz
4901:Gore
4885:Gore
4865:Gore
4447:Kern
4286:Lane
4252:King
4235:Cass
4222:Polk
4213:None
3743:Guam
3687:Utah
3642:Ohio
3542:Iowa
3438:2024
3433:2023
3428:2021
3423:2019
3418:2017
3413:2015
3408:2013
3403:2011
3398:2009
3318:Bond
3274:Bush
3269:Dole
3234:Hall
3169:Fess
3159:Work
3144:Hays
3124:Hill
3079:Quay
3039:Ward
2991:Ryan
2955:Ford
2919:Mann
2901:Reed
2889:Reed
2871:Frye
2865:Hale
2835:Grow
2782:Lott
2776:Dole
2734:Taft
2573:Ford
2537:Taft
2387:Ryan
2307:Kemp
2303:Dole
2207:Dole
2203:Ford
2007:Knox
1879:Taft
1866:Taft
1818:Reid
1287:ISSN
1224:ISBN
1142:ISSN
1104:ISSN
973:ISBN
660:ISBN
563:The
483:The
422:and
380:and
340:The
325:and
240:The
96:The
83:Blue
51:1932
47:1896
5597:DNC
5414:and
5232:Orr
5171:and
4496:Cox
4153:and
3114:New
3014:RNC
2816:and
2613:and
1680:and
1063:doi
356:'s
87:red
6416::
5105:;
5019::
4999::
4979::
4959::
4939::
4919::
4899::
4879::
4859::
4839::
4819::
4799::
4779::
4766:)
4762:,
4758:/(
4754::
4734::
4714::
4694::
4674::
4654::
4634::
4614::
4594::
4574::
4554::
4534::
4514::
4494::
4474::
4454::
4441::
4428::
4415::
4402::
4389::
4376::
4363::
4350::
4337::
4324::
4311::
4298::
4290:SD
4288:,
4272::
4259::
4246::
4233::
4220::
4207::
4194::
4181::
4168::
3454:by
2441::
2421::
2401::
2381::
2361::
2341::
2321::
2301::
2281::
2261::
2241::
2221::
2201::
2181::
2161::
2141::
2121::
2101::
2081::
2061::
2041::
2021::
2001::
1981::
1961::
1941::
1921::
1901::
1877::
1864::
1851::
1838::
1825::
1812::
1799::
1786::
1773::
1760::
1747::
1734::
1721::
1708::
1695::
1575:·
1571:·
1343:.
1069:.
1059:51
1057:.
867:,
453:,
449:,
445:,
441:,
437:,
273:.
217:.
185:,
142:,
5835:/
5826:/
5817:/
5246:/
5169:,
5164:,
5109:)
5023:/
5003:/
4983:/
4963:/
4943:/
4923:/
4903:/
4883:/
4863:/
4843:/
4823:/
4803:/
4783:/
4738:/
4718:/
4698:/
4678:/
4658:/
4638:/
4618:/
4598:/
4578:/
4558:/
4538:/
4518:/
4498:/
4478:/
4458:/
4445:/
4432:/
4419:/
4406:/
4393:/
4380:/
4367:/
4354:/
4341:/
4328:/
4315:/
4302:/
4292:)
4284:/
4280:(
4276:/
4263:/
4250:/
4237:/
4224:/
4211:/
4198:/
4185:/
4172:/
4151:,
4144:,
4082:e
4075:t
4068:v
3355:/
3296:/
2814:,
2809:,
2445:/
2425:/
2405:/
2385:/
2365:/
2345:/
2325:/
2305:/
2285:/
2265:/
2245:/
2225:/
2205:/
2185:/
2165:/
2145:/
2125:/
2105:/
2085:/
2065:/
2045:/
2025:/
2005:/
1985:/
1965:/
1945:/
1925:/
1905:/
1885:/
1881:/
1868:/
1855:/
1842:/
1829:/
1816:/
1803:/
1790:/
1777:/
1764:/
1751:/
1738:/
1725:/
1712:/
1699:/
1678:,
1671:,
1609:e
1602:t
1595:v
1492:e
1485:t
1478:v
1232:.
1077:.
1065::
981:.
767:.
668:.
49:–
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