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body for years in constant agitation. Ultimately, the
General Council contained less than half of the Lutheran community previously existing as independent synods. The Illinois Synod merged with the Missouri Synod in 1880, and the Wisconsin and Minnesota Synods merged as the Joint Synod of Wisconsin in 1917.
364:
The Iowa Synod, holding that there must be complete and hearty agreement not only in the principles of faith, "but also in an ecclesiastical practice accordant with such faith", refused to complete its connection with the
General Council. Its representatives contented themselves with the privilege of
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The response of the
General Council to the letter of the Iowa Synod was that the council was not prepared to endorse the position of the Iowa Synod, but would "refer the matter to the District Synods until such time as by the blessing of God's Holy Spirit, and the leadings of his Providence, we shall
303:
was represented by letter. There they unanimously adopted a statement on the "Fundamental principals of Faith and Church Polity." A committee was appointed to outline a constitution to be submitted to the respective
District Synods. They required ten synods to accept the constitution before it would
263:
This call urged "the needs of a general organization, first and supremely for the maintenance of unity in the true faith of the Gospel, and in the uncorrupted
Sacraments, as the Word of God teaches and our Church confesses them; and furthermore for the preservation of her genuine spirit and worship,
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became the most important factor in the development of the
General Council, arresting in its very first convention the realization of the original plan of its founders, and in no small degree "damping the bright and perhaps somewhat sanguine expectations of its warmest friends", while they kept the
318:
Although the Joint Synod of Ohio greatly desired to see a union of
Lutheran church bodies, its members saw theological difficulties that would prevent them from joining the new General Council. At the first convention of the General Council, the Ohio Synod's representatives questioned the delegates
307:
Ten synods adopted the constitution and the first convention met on
November 20, 1867, at Fort Wayne, Indiana, where the General Synod had suffered a schism the previous year. A total of twelve synods sent representatives. Several districts of the Missouri Synod sent a letter proposing a series of
385:
Thirteen
Lutheran synods were present at the 1866 meeting in Reading, Pennsylvania, that authorized the organization of the General Council. At the first convention in 1867 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, ten of those synods agreed to become full members, while the Joint Synod of Ohio and the Iowa Synod
259:
in 1866, a fraternal address was issued "to
Evangelical Lutheran Synods, ministers and congregations in the United States and Canadas, which confess the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, inviting them to unite in a convention for the purpose of forming a union of Lutheran Synods."
356:
The delegates of the Iowa Synod brought with them a letter also asking these questions, with the exception of the first, because that synod had decided that millennialism was theologically an open question with which good Lutherans could agree to disagree.
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free conferences to discuss theology before joining together. Likewise, the Ohio Synod declined to join, but sent representatives to discuss differences of theology and practice.
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became non-voting associate members, and the Missouri Synod declined to join. Through the years various synods joined and left the General Council:
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239:(ULCA) in 1918. The ULCA was formed by the merger of three independent German-language synods: the General Synod, the General Council, and the
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responded favorably to this official letter, representatives from the Synod of Pennsylvania, the English Synod, the English District, and the
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debate at its conventions. For similar reasons the Ohio and Missouri synods decided not to enter into the union, and a few years later the
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Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Paul, eds. (2000). "General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in (North) America".
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go into effect, uniting the synods as district synods in the new General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America.
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be enabled, throughout the whole General Council and all its churches, to see eye to eye in all the details of practice and usage".
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The General Council was founded in November, 1867, with ten Lutheran synods becoming members Founded at the instigation of the
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and their role in the life of the church. In 1872, the General Council adopted the Akron-Galesburg Rule, written by
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Can members of Lutheran congregations also be members of secret or unchurchly societies (such as the
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247:, which did not join the merger), 1,680 pastors, 2,564 congregations, and 524,259 confirmed members.
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The Tennessee Synod's Contention for the Four Points in the United Synod of the South 1886-1921
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Did not join the merger of the rest of the General Council into the United Lutheran Church
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The Lutherans in America; a story of struggle, progress, influence and marvelous growth.
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Documentary history of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
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902:. Mt. Airy, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Lutheran Seminary and the Alumni Association
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Should Lutheran pastors exchange pulpits with "sectarians" (i.e., non-Lutherans)?
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church body, formed as a reaction against the new "Americanized Lutheranism" of
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was the president of the General Council from 1903 until the formation of the
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Evangelical Lutheran General Synod of the United States of North America
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about the General Council's stance regarding what became known as the
243:. In 1917, the General Council consisted of 14 synods (including the
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General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America
95:
General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America
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and for the development of her practical life in all her forms."
323:, all four of which the Ohio Synod opposed. Those points were:
29:
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Evangelical Lutheran Church in America predecessor churches
221:, the General Council placed special emphasis on the
369:, Wisconsin, and Minnesota synods withdrew from it.
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At the one hundred and nineteenth convention of the
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Philadelphia Seminary Biographical Record 1864-1923
702:Changed its name from the Synod of Indiana in 1895
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1009:. Philadelphia: General Council Publication House
719:Withdrew to form the United Synod of the South
267:Although none of the synods remaining in the
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999:St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. 1919.
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919:
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1058:Religious organizations established in 1867
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1063:1867 establishments in the United States
1027:New York: J.A. Hill, 1889. p. 433-9
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43:This article includes a list of general
888:
872:Philipp Friedrich Adolph Theodor Spaeth
314:The Four Points in American Lutheranism
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334:Should Lutheran congregations permit
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18:Four Points in American Lutheranism
279:, Michigan, Pittsburg, Minnesota,
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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571:Advisory member, left due to the
494:Advisory member, left due to the
237:United Lutheran Church in America
156:United Lutheran Church in America
1003:Ochsenford, Solomon Erb (1912).
331:acceptable in Lutheran churches?
34:
996:American Lutheranism Volume II
932:(Online ed.). St. Louis:
771:New York and New England Synod
725:English Synod of the Northwest
1:
896:Reed, Luther D., ed. (1923).
634:Scandinavian Augustana Synod
299:, on December 11, 1866. The
862:Beale Melanchthon Schmucker
686:Merged into the Iowa Synod
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934:Concordia Publishing House
839:Charles Porterfield Krauth
612:Norwegian Synod of America
227:Charles Porterfield Krauth
241:United Synod of the South
124:National Lutheran Council
858:Theodore Emanuel Schmauk
854:William Alfred Passavant
844:Gottlob Frederick Krotel
829:John August William Haas
413:Pennsylvania Ministerium
329:chiliasm (millennialism)
257:Pennsylvania Ministerium
233:Theodore Emanuel Schmauk
219:Pennsylvania Ministerium
824:George Henry Gerberding
801:Synod of Central Canada
64:more precise citations.
429:District Synod of Ohio
336:mixed (open) communion
208:Samuel Simon Schmucker
867:Joseph Augustus Seiss
444:English Synod of Ohio
297:Reading, Pennsylvania
146:Reading, Pennsylvania
1021:Wolf, Edmund Jacob.
929:Christian Cyclopedia
786:Synod of Nova Scotia
595:New York Ministerium
295:synods assembled at
223:Lutheran Confessions
198:, or, in brief, the
27:Lutheran Church Body
877:Carl Aaron Swensson
849:Wilhelm Julius Mann
834:Henry Eyster Jacobs
481:Joint Synod of Ohio
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327:Is the teaching of
273:Joint Synod of Ohio
202:was a conservative
460:Synod of Wisconsin
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978:Ochsenford (1912)
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954:Ochsenford (1912)
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1011:. Retrieved
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939:February 14,
937:. Retrieved
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904:. Retrieved
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579:Canada Synod
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120:Associations
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1013:October 14,
906:January 13,
668:Four Points
627:Four Points
573:Four Points
551:Four Points
516:Four Points
496:Four Points
474:Four Points
374:Four Points
321:Four Points
152:Merged into
110:Orientation
62:introducing
1047:Categories
993:Bente, F.
883:References
558:Iowa Synod
381:Membership
287:, Canada,
251:Beginnings
104:Protestant
45:references
398:Organized
293:Norwegian
277:Wisconsin
184:Ministers
176:confirmed
70:June 2014
407:Comment
367:Illinois
348:and the
289:New York
285:Missouri
210:and the
204:Lutheran
174:524,259
114:Lutheran
988:Sources
178:in 1917
171:Members
58:improve
401:Joined
346:Masons
291:, and
158:(1918)
140:Origin
130:Region
47:, but
395:Synod
350:Lodge
143:1867
1015:2015
941:2018
908:2015
807:1909
804:1909
792:1903
789:1903
777:1903
774:1902
762:1901
759:1901
747:1897
744:1897
732:1893
729:1891
716:1886
713:1874
710:1861
697:1872
694:1871
683:1897
680:1868
677:1861
663:1871
660:1867
657:1867
644:1917
641:1867
638:1860
622:1866
619:1866
616:1853
602:1866
599:1773
585:1866
582:1861
568:1867
565:1866
562:1854
546:1871
543:1866
540:1860
528:1866
525:1845
511:1888
508:1866
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491:1867
488:1866
485:1818
469:1869
466:1866
463:1850
453:1872
450:1866
447:1836
435:1866
432:1857
420:1866
417:1748
404:Left
372:The
281:Iowa
194:The
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916:^
352:)?
283:,
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77:(
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68:(
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