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220:"We arrived in Lhasa on 15 January 1946. (…) a man wearing a yellow and crimson hat- an official- approached us. He was very friendly. After asking a few questions, he said he would arrange different quarters for us. Our new friend was Lhasa's electrical engineer. After receiving permission from the town council, he gave us quarters in the storeroom of his house."
120:, who was about to go on leave back to England, should guide the four young Tibetan boys (known as the "Rugby Boys") on their journey to the United Kingdom and assist them through the difficult first few weeks of their journey away from the roof of the world. In early 1913 the youths selected turned up at the British Trade Agency at
250:, "The experiment was not a great success" but, according to Ford, the fault did not lie entirely with the boys. Alastair Lamb claims that they were effectively side-tracked by the Tibetan establishment. The experiment was not to be repeated during the remaining period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent.
203:
The youngest of the lot, Ringang, stayed in
England for a longer period and studied electrical engineering at the Universities of London and Birmingham. After returning home, he assembled a hydro-electric power station in Lhasa called Dodri from equipment brought over from England, and laid an
66:, "the experiment was not a great success." Historian Alastair Lamb concurs: “the experiment can hardly be described as a success", adding that the boys were side-tracked by the Tibetan establishment and "made no significant contribution in later life to the development of Tibet".
124:, where their companion, a Tibetan official called Lungshar, presented Gould with a request from the Dalai Lama for four first-class educations at Oxford College, London. The four boys were W. N. Kyipup (16), K. K. Möndö, a monk, (17), Gongkar (16) and R. D. Ringang (11).
536:, Curzon Press, Richmond, 1997, p. 293, p. 136: "They formed a growing circle of generally progressive thinkers, in whose company European visitors felt comfortable. the cadre recognised that 'the pupils from these schools … constitute a major propaganda channel'."
51:, a Tibetan high official, escorted four sons of Tibetan "respectable families" – W. N. Kyipup, K. K. Möndö, Sonam Gonpa Gongkar and R. D. Ringang – to England, in 1913, so they could be educated at a public school. After completing their studies at
475:
Fiche 456–458 (26–28) Tibetan students in
England: training of S.G. Gongkar after leaving Rugby School; attached to Northumberland Fusiliers; return to India, September 1914 – November 1916 L/P&S/10/539-1 File P.111/1915 Pt 8
257:'s English school at Gyantse (1923–1926), "a growing circle of generally progressive thinkers, in whose company Europeans visitors felt comfortable" and who were recognised by the British cadre as "a major propaganda channel".
208:
in Lhasa, a colossal undertaking. Of the Rugby Four, he was the only one to have achieved something. However, after his death, the plant stopped being maintained for lack of money and fell into disrepair.
233:
Three of the former Rugby Boys being entertained as guests by the members of the German SS expedition to Tibet in 1939 (from left to right: Kyipup, Ringang and Möndö, along with
Chinese envoy Chang and
307:, Formerly classified and confidential British intelligence and policy files, Editor: A.J. Farrington, Former Deputy Director, OIOC, British Library, London, IDC Publishers, 2002, p. 22.
333:
The four boys are variously referred to by historians as "the four Rugby boys", "the four young
Tibetans", "the four Tibetan youths", "the four Tibetans in England", "the Rugby party".
147:
Kyipup studied telegraphy, surveying and cartography. On returning to Tibet, he was assigned the task of developing a telegraph network but failed and was given other assignments.
187:. He was attached to the Northumberland Fusiliers for a short period. However, for political reasons, he was assigned to a frontier post in Kham. He died from pneumonia in 1917.
139:
264:
reached Lhasa, there was only one of the Rugby boys still alive, namely Kyipup, then a high official at the foreign ministry, whose meeting he recalls in his 1954 book
253:
Tibetologist Alex McKay observes that the three surviving Rugby boys formed, together with their fellow countrymen that had been educated in
British India or at
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171:. Back in Tibet, he went into mineral ore prospecting but was accused of disturbing spirits and spoiling crops and so had to give up prospecting.
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549:, translated from the German by Richard Graves; with an introduction by Peter Fleming; foreword by the Dalai Lama, E. P. Dutton, 1954.
180:
449:"British Intelligence on China in Tibet, 1903–1950: Formerly classified and confidential British intelligence and policy files"
403:, New York: David McKay Company, Inc, 1957, pp. 107–110, p. 108. The book contains the story of the 4 Rugby boys as related by
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183:
in London and then on to a short period of officer training with the Indian Army as he was expected to later reorganise the
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proposed that some "energetic and clever sons of respectable families" in Tibet should be given "first-class educations at
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The
Tibetan Boys settled down at Farnham, where they began to learn English under the supervision of the
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calls him "the only survivor of a sensible experiment that the
Tibetans never got around to repeating."
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Rugby School as seen from "the close" where according to legend Rugby football was invented
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received professional training in a particular field and eventually returned to Tibet.
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The
History of Tibet: The modern period : 1895–1959, the encounter with modernity
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The
History of Tibet: The modern period : 1895–1959, the encounter with modernity
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131:. It was decided that Rugby would be the best place for their schooling.
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41:– into the vanguard of "modernisers" through the medium of an
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and the four
Tibetan students just before leaving for England.
37:
The 1910s saw an attempt to turn four young Tibetans – the
534:
Tibet and the British Raj: the frontier cadre, 1904–1947
407:, Lungshar's son, to British radio operator Robert Ford.
246:, Lungshar's son, remarked to British radio operator
351:, David McKay Company, Inc, New York, 1957, p. 109.
297:British Intelligence on China in Tibet, 1903–1950
116:, London". The Indian government requested that
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370:, Alex Mackay, Routledge (ed.), 2003, p. 327.
324:, Alex Mackay, Routledge (ed.), 2003, p. 325.
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500:Aufschnaiter, Peter; Brauen, Martin (2002).
101:, 28 June 1913 after an audience with King
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270:. In the introduction to the book, writer
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502:Peter Aufschaiter's Eight Years in Tibet
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504:. Bangkok: Orchid Press. p. 71.
388:Alastair Lamb, op. cit., pp. 326–327.
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260:In 1946, when Austrian war prisoner
163:Möndö studied mining engineering in
204:electric line to the Dalai Lama's
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490:Robert W. Ford, op. cit., p. 109.
419:Robert W. Ford, op. cit., p. 108.
437:Alastair Lamb, op. cit., p. 327.
181:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
581:People educated at Rugby School
576:Science and technology in Tibet
379:Alastair Lamb, op. cit., p. 325
143:Kyipup (left) and Möndö in 1939
447:Farrington, A.J., ed. (2002).
1:
458:. p. 22. Archived from
362:Tom Browns from Central Asia
318:Tom Browns from Central Asia
62:According to Lungshar's son
129:Berlitz School of Languages
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302:5 September 2015 at the
400:Wind Between the Worlds
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547:Seven Years in Tibet
267:Seven Years in Tibet
191:Rigzin Dorje Ringang
179:Gongkar went to the
108:In August 1912, the
465:on 5 September 2015
405:Lhalu Tsewang Dorje
244:Lhalu Tsewang Dorje
175:Sonam Gonpa Gongkar
135:Wangdu Norbu Kyipup
64:Lhalu Tsewang Dorje
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213:wrote in his book
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167:and mineralogy in
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469:22 February
225:The outcome
165:Grimethorpe
118:Basil Gould
45:education.
560:Categories
278:References
110:Dalai Lama
57:Rugby Four
520:917234693
300:Archived
169:Camborne
103:George V
79:Lungshar
49:Lungshar
23:Lungshar
122:Gyantse
95:Gongkar
87:Ringang
518:
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91:Kyipup
83:Möndro
566:Tibet
463:(PDF)
456:Brill
452:(PDF)
364:, in
320:, in
516:OCLC
506:ISBN
476:98ff
471:2018
93:and
242:As
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