713:. These included "Instruction à l'usage des fidèles du diocèse de Genève", "Le Catholique du Jura" and "le Missionnaire catholique, ou Instructions familières sur la religion". The last of these was expressly intended to reduce the influence among the people of revolutionary doctrines which, in his view, "were misleading people everywhere". The book ran to 344 pages and was highly effective in the judgement of at least one commentator. Several editions were produced by various printer-publishers over just a few years. Copies turned up in virtually every diocese in France.
1100:, and thereby represented a return to the region in which he had grown up. Confirmed in office on 24 May 1824, he seized his new responsibilities with his usual energy. In this respect, sources indicate that his approach contrasted starkly with the more reactive attitude of his predecessor. There now emerged a flood of written advices and admonitions, issued in parallel with a hectic schedule of pastoral visit. After the two decades of revolutionary "modernising" secularism that had formally come to an end in 1815, there was still much to be done to restore the
743:. The author, called upon to defend himself in the face of the French government complaints, defended himself with "as much prudence as dignity", and was thereby able to ensure that the Swiss authorities made an entirely appropriate response to the complaint. Interestingly, while the Paris government launched a minor diplomatic incident over the book with the Swiss authorities, in Paris itself two widely-distributed newspapers were extolling its virtues in lavish terms.
1140:, during which the weather was exceptionally cold, he caught a chill. The condition was bad enough to force him to take to his bed, and after a few days it became clear that he was seriously ill. On 15 February 1827 he drafted and issued a final "mandement" (set of written instructions) filled with wise and loving advice, addressed to those under his care. Still preoccupied with his episcopal work, and still fervent in his piety, he received the
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encouraging obedience to the strictures of the true church. He re-instated the diocesan synod which had been established in 1775 but had subsequently lapsed. He established one major seminary and one small one. Through his pastoral visits he shared his ardent inner zeal for the greater progress of religion. He engaged in several major litigations in defence of the interests of the bishopric, appearing as his own (highly effective) advocate.
775:, a pragmatic scholar and who was one of the very few Christian leaders who enjoyed the emperor's confidence, undertook the arbitration as requested and found in favour of Bigex's "Étrennes catholiqueses". Despite this, the suppression of the publication persisted because, it was stated, existing editions "contained some articles touching upon the supremacy of the sovereign pontiff". (As it happened the
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22:
973:, and a number of smaller seminaries were set up. Several major convents were established (or, in some cases, re-established following more than a decade of militant secularism on the part of government). Church retreats and regular conferences of senior prelates became routine under the administration of François-Marie Bigex, long before they became the norm elsewhere in
63:
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adapted extracts, according to the
Catholic viewpoint of the author-compiler, whose own objective was simply to "combat the false doctrines of the times and the unholy maxims of unbelief". Eventually, after twelve years, the French police suppressed "Étrennes catholiqueses" in 1810. The author now made a direct appeal to
508:, in France, where he continued his studies for the priesthood. Starting during the second year of what was designed as a five-year course, he combined his studies with work as a lecturer, which was followed by an appointment to a professorship first in theology and then also in philosophy at the little
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providing them with instruction appropriate to the terrible times through which the church and its congregations were passing. Very few weeks passed by when the diocesan clergy did not receive advices and communications of comfort and consolation, helping them in the vital matter of keeping The Faith.
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to its former central role in the communities of the predominantly rural archdiocese. Nor did he neglect basic spiritual support. In this connection, a significant move was the publication of, "Instruction pour le Jubilé", a little book that many of his brother bishops commended to priests and people
1478:
Jean-Louis
Grillet, Dictionnaire historique, littéraire et statistique des départements du Mont-Blanc et du Léman, contenant l'histoire ancienne et moderne de la Savoie, et spécialement celle des personnes qui y étant nées ou domiciliées, se sont distinguées par des actions dignes de mémoire, ou par
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who found themselves in very great danger. He supported them with frequent exhortations and through the zeal of evangelising priests who risked their own lives by secretly distribution the practical tools for practicing the faith, whose difficult and dangerous missions he directed and co-ordinated,
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It was while he was still based in
Lausanne that Bigex conceived and launched his "Étrennes catholiques / Étrennes religieuses pour l'an de grâce ..." project, which involved producing a compilation twice yearly - later, possibly, annually - of simple but cogently argued essays and judiciously
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During a seven year episcopal incumbency, François-Marie Bigex proved himself an activist bishop, implementing a plethora of practical and judicious reforms and addressing admonitions to his priests that were at once deeply thought through and of luminous simplicity, pointing out errors and
1013:.) Deeply conservative, there was much about the revolutionary changes of the previous quarter century that he sought to undo. For the church administration beyond the high mountains, in Savoy, this held out the prospect of more changes. By a bull dated 17 July 1817 the
625:. Bishop Paget and his vicar general were accordingly trying to maintain diocesan control over the church in a part of Eastern France, which meant continuing to publish pastoral letters and instructions in contravention of innovations introduced by the revolutionary
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645:, a slightly unexpected military commander under the circumstances, who fell out with the increasingly radical and intolerant revolutionary government in Paris at around the same time that Savoy was formally annexed, in November 1792.
860:, although the subordinate role assigned to the church in its dealings with the state was less absolute. One rapid outcome was a "more rational" set of diocesan boundaries, conforming more closely to contemporary secular borders. The
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At the start of 1827 Archbishop Bigex was still full of plans and projects for advancing the work of the church in his archdiocese, but with little warning his incumbency was cut short. At the end of a pastoral mission to
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As a young seminarian, Bigex continued to impress. By the end of his first year, it had been determined that he deserved to receive his education "in a larger theatre", and he was sent on to the seminary attached to
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University, a doctorate in theology in 1783 or 1785. By this time, he was building up a personal network of influential French churchmen. He was on the receiving end of various tempting job offers, notably from
1041:, in the far south-west of France. However, when the nomination was submitted to the court it was blocked because of royal determination that the "great merits" of François-Marie Bigex should not be lost to
1623:
Jean-Pierre Leguay (sous la dir.) André Palluel-Guillard, Sorrel (C), Fleury (A), Loup (J), T4 – La Savoie de Révolution française à nos jours, XIXe – XXe siècle, Evreux, éd. Ouest France, 1986 (
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and the scholarly Bishop of Arras. There was every indication that he was on the brink of a stellar career, but there was also every indication that his future lay in France rather than in
448:, whose lessons one commentator describes as "assiduous". His studies at Évian and Thonon would have provided a conventional preparation for a career as a scholar-churchman. However, in
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put an end to the savage government assault on the church. The international armies stayed away, and the period between 1802 and 1815 was one of relative calm and stability, inside the
689:. Throughout this period he was nevertheless able to sustain effective communications links sufficient to enable him to provide the necessary spiritual support to the congregations in
896:, whom Bigex had known ever since the two of them had studied in Paris in the 1770s. They had worked closely together for many years before the arrival of the revolution in Savoy in
569:. She received him warmly. Bishop Biord's death in March 1785 did nothing to derail Bigex's career, and at around about the same time he took up an important diocesan appointment as
911:, and the administrative micro-organisation involved seems to have been well suited to the talents of the energetic François-Marie Bigex. He completed the work with great success.
1683:
621:, approximately 20% of it was not. Part of it was inside France, which, during the early 1790s, fell into a state of widespread and increasingly violent turmoil following the
495:, had become the permanent seat for the Bishops of Geneva. Biord and his co-examiners were evidently impressed by Bigex, who was welcomed into the seminary by unanimous vote.
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remained at this stage out of bounds.) The new pope's first priority was a return to Rome, but in order to gain that objective a comprehensive agreement was needed with the
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1573:""Anciennes corporations des arts et métiers de Chambéry et de quelques autres localités de la Savoie: Personnel ecclésiastique du diocèse de Chambéry de 1802 à 1893"
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In the short term, however, Bigex's immediate priority became helping his bishop with the reconfiguration of the important and since 1801 greatly enlarged
512:. He received his license to minister after three of the five years assigned to his course, which came with a useful "pension." He also received, from the
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Bigex also found time to produce and arrange publication of several substantive books intended to address the evils that had befallen the church from the
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416:. One of his uncles was a priest, as was one of his great-uncles, and the two of them took care of his early schooling. He moved on to attend college at
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course very rapidly, and he was still only sixteen when he completed the required courses in
Humanities and Philosophy. He was then sent to college at
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and died at around 10 in the morning on 17 February 1827, widely mourned. One source refers to the "universal regrets" which followed his death.
456:. For a time, he seems to have been tempted by the urgings of Dubouloz that he should become a lawyer. In the end, however, after three years of
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379:, from where he was able to direct and undertake various missionary projects designed to combat the false doctrines that had arrived with the
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728:. The responsible French government minister applied pressure on the Helvetic Republic to communicate his complaints to the authorities in
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565:, who seems to have been an enthusiastic admirer, having already arranged a second "pension" for him, possibly at the prompting of
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Bigex also became known for his charitable exploits. Intriguingly, he obtained a pardon from the king on behalf of a convict from
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934:. He also retained the rank of arch deacon which had been conferred on him in 1802 with the creation of the newly enlarged
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was confirmed as its first bishop. In view of the extent of the new diocese, the new bishop determined that he needed two
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424:. He had been a little older than was considered normal when he started his studies at Évian, but he completed the basic
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1643:"Etat des Membres de l'Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Savoie depuis sa fondation (1820) jusqu'à 1909"
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452:, he was also spotted by a celebrated local lawyer called Louis Dubouloz, who gave him a solid foundation course in
1009:. (Both Piedmont and the Duchy of Savoy were again part of what anglophone sources tend to identify simply as the
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hastened across to
Piedmont before winter blocked the mountain passes, to continue his ecclesiastical duties from
641:, without having issued any formal declaration of war, arrived to export their revolution under the leadership of
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The political and military situation in
Lausanne was very far from stable between his arrival in 1792 and the
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for his protégé. Summoned back to Annecy, François-Marie Bigex was immediately appointed to membership of the
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The first edition of "le
Missionnaire catholique, ou Instructions familières sur la religion" was printed in
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900:, since when de Thiollaz had led a life no less eventful that of Bigex in devotional service to the church.
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965:. Characteristically, Bigex engaged fully with the administration and development of the new diocese. The
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464:, he seems to have been firmly convinced that his vocation for the priesthood was not to be resisted.
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edition had already appeared in 1798. A third French edition was subsequently printed at
Clermont.
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1080:, who had suffered from poor health for many years, announced his retirement in November 1823.
601:. He lost little time in reappointing Bigex to the leading administrative position of diocesan
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He now presented himself for the (presumably oral) examination necessary for admission to the
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893:
888:. The appointment of François-Marie Bigex as one of these was an obvious one. The other was
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l'histoire de l'Académie des
Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Savoie (completed edition)
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leurs succès dans les lettres, les sciences et les arts, t. III, Puthod, 1807, pp. 366-374.
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followed through on the decision. The appointment took Bigex back to the north side of the
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as a prisoner of the French in August 1799, it became necessary to elect a replacement.
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and succeeded in having the suppression of "Étrennes ..." referred for arbitration to
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1180:. The merged diocese subsequently lost its territories across the exuclar border, in
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The book's title, "Instruction pour le Jubilé", references the "Universal
Jubilee" (
677:. There were times when Bigex was obliged to leave the city. At one point, when the
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in their own dioceses. Two actions of enduring impact were the creation of two new
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who had been sentenced to death, but had also recently converted to Catholicism.
685:, from where he returned to Lausanne and then had to move on again, this time to
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597:. Paget would be the last bishop to retain the geographically misleading title,
573:. When the formal eulogy for Bishop Biord was proclaimed on 14 June 1785 in the
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found themselves nominated as future bishops. Bigex was nominated as Bishop of
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1092:, and although the old king had died by the time the appointment took effect,
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1120:. He was in addition able, formally on 21 September 1825, to welcome back to
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1448:. Vol. 52. A. Le Clere et cie., Paris. 4 July 1827. pp. 241–245.
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1305:"Notice sur la vie et les travaux de monseigneur François-Marie Bigex"
633:, which replaced it in 1791. However, the real crisis arrived only in
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876:, who had been living in Turin since 1792, was retired. A new larger
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during the first part of 1798, Bigex lived for a time high up on the
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and 1815, included the duchy previously and subsequently known as
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1045:. On 1 October 1817 Bigex was confirmed in office as Bishop of
549:. He quickly set about re-establishing his contacts, visiting
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375:. He spent the most dangerous years of that period exiled in
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coming under its gubernatorial oversight. Both the existing
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concordat mirrored changes implemented 260 years earlier in
1599:"Le jubilé de 1825 : la première année sainte du XIXe"
840:
which guaranteed religious freedom for Catholics living in
836:. The result was a complex set of reforms embodied in the
817:, by means of a rather unusual ceremony, which involved a
1649:. Académie des Sciences Belles-Lettres et Arts de Savoie
954:) the revolutionary period had ended by 1801, while the
537:
That Bigex should stay in France had never been part of
387:. His principal weapon in these endeavours was the pen.
942:. Viewed from the perspectives of London of Vienna the
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for discussions about the future. He also travelled to
344:(24 September 1751 – 19 February 1827) was a prominent
1209:
in 1796. An Italian translation was first printed in
732:
that they had permitted an emigrant to publish in the
1575:. Chambért, Imprimerie Savoisienne. pp. 184–189
363:. His life and career were greatly affected by the
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1489:Beat Junker; Anne-Marie Dubler (18 January 2018).
1176:In 1801 the diocese of Geneva was merged with the
946:continued till 1815, but within the department of
701:During his years of exile beyond the far shore of
208:Archevêque de de Chambéry, Maurienne et Tarentaise
1689:19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
1603:Etudes pour le Temps Présent: Science et Religion
1540:. Vol. 51. Le Clere. 1827. pp. 149–152.
1152:On 7 July 1822 Mgr. Bigex became a member of the
1641:Dr. Alphonse-André Szerlecki (compiler) (1903).
1084:selected François-Marie Bigex to succeed him as
930:. Bigex continued in his functions as diocesan
716:The French government felt bound to react. The
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657:, which at this stage was still a (reluctant)
589:François-Marie Bigex. In due course, in 1787,
227:Cathédrale Saint-François-de-Sales de Chambéry
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783:as a prisoner of the French at this point.)
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1684:19th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
1445:Notice sur M. Bigex, archéveque de Chambéri
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412:. The family was closely involved with the
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
864:in respect of which Bigex still served as
585:, the sad honour of delivering it went to
193:
141:. Please do not remove this message until
653:, while Vicar-general Bigex relocated to
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
100:Learn how and when to remove this message
367:, which impacted Savoy directly between
137:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1403:. Vol. 11. 1827. pp. 251–256.
1246:
1169:
1128:, who had been expelled in 1792 by the
1553:
1543:
1516:. Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse
1493:. Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse
1461:
1451:
1416:
1406:
1335:David M. Cheney (compiler-publisher).
922:retired in 1805 and was succeeded by
7:
967:diocesan seminary was re-established
749:Félix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Préameneu
510:Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet seminary
408:, set high in the mountains east of
1337:"Archbishop François-Marie Bigex †"
1130:secularist armies of the revolution
643:Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac
541:'s plan, however. He had plans in
72:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
1049:, an hour's drive to the west of
1021:, with four (and after 1825 six)
907:. The task had been entrusted to
404:, a small town, even then in the
400:François-Marie Bigex was born at
31:This article has multiple issues.
882:René des Monstiers de Mérinville
116:
82:guide to writing better articles
61:
20:
1307:. Imprimerie de F.-R. Plattet,
950:(as Savoy had been known since
880:was created, and on 4 May 1802
872:. It was now reconfigured, and
231:
39:or discuss these issues on the
1512:Gilbert Coutaz (30 May 2017).
878:Diocese of Chambéry and Geneva
767:had in 1804 appointed himself
583:Assembly General of the Clergy
487:Geneva had become a centre of
284:Cardinal Paolo Giuseppe Solaro
1:
1303:George-Marie Raymond (1827).
631:National Legislative Assembly
627:National Constituent Assembly
475:. His principal examiner was
191:French archbishop (1751–1827)
1156:, which had been founded in
905:metropolitan diocese of Lyon
351:who was appointed Bishop of
1605:. Librairie B. Bloud, Paris
1001:returned from his exile in
890:Claude-François de Thiollaz
593:was consecrated to succeed
420:, on the southern shore of
355:in 1817 and then, in 1824,
143:conditions to do so are met
1715:
679:French invaded Switzerland
436:. In parallel, he studied
396:Provenance and early years
1537:Nouvelles ecclésiastiques
806:on 21 March 1800, in the
207:
1160:just two years earlier.
563:the Princess of Piedmont
1679:Archbishops of Chambéry
1595:Geoffroy de Grandmaison
1118:Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1005:to claim his throne in
720:was re-invented as the
581:in the presence of the
561:to pay his respects to
479:. Father Biord was the
76:used on Knowledge (XXG)
1213:in 1801. The second
1073:Archbishop of Chambéry
892:, a former provost at
838:Concordat of July 1801
718:loose knit confederacy
623:1789 French Revolution
80:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
997:was being finalised,
991:the emperor abdicated
769:Emperor of the French
639:French citizen armies
489:fervent Protestantism
485:Calvinist reformation
483:. In the wake of the
924:Irénée-Yves Dessolle
920:Bishop de Mérinville
909:Bishop de Mérinville
852:). In many ways the
519:Archbishop de Conzié
506:Saint-Sulpice, Paris
381:revolutionary armies
342:François-Marie Bigex
245:Irénée-Yves Dessolle
202:François-Marie Bigex
1674:Bishops in Piedmont
1178:Diocese of Chambéry
1078:Archbishop Dessolle
1031:Diocèse of Chambéry
1015:Diocese of Chambéry
1011:Kingdom of Sardinia
940:Diocese of Chambéry
844:. (France, between
753:"Minister of Cults"
432:, where he studied
130:of this article is
1341:Catholic-Hierarchy
1228:"Jubilé universel"
1154:Académie de Savoie
1107:Suffragan dioceses
1057:Bishop of Pinerolo
1029:of the superseded
1023:Suffragan dioceses
915:A change of bishop
765:General Buonaparte
711:Revolutionary Wars
591:Joseph-Marie Paget
305:September 24, 1751
265:Bishop of Pinerolo
1571:L.Morand (1893).
1116:and the other at
1098:Mont Blanc massif
981:Restoration years
956:Concordat of 1801
936:cathedral chapter
870:Swiss Confederacy
862:Diocese of Geneva
777:sovereign pontiff
722:Helvetic Republic
707:French Revolution
675:Concordat of 1801
613:Although most of
547:cathedral chapter
446:Barnabite brother
434:dogmatic theology
406:Genevois province
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74:encyclopedic tone
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1230:) proclaimed by
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811:monastery church
709:and the ensuing
683:Great St Bernard
609:Revolution years
599:Bishop of Geneva
481:Bishop of Geneva
402:La Balme-de-Thuy
327:19 February 1827
309:La Balme-de-Thuy
304:
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290:Personal details
255:Antoine Martinet
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1699:1827 deaths
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1653:1 September
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1554:|work=
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1019:archdiocese
926:, hitherto
822:papal tiara
808:San Giorgio
691:the diocese
615:the diocese
365:French wars
280:24 May 1824
267:1817 - 1824
241:Predecessor
213:Archdiocese
1668:Categories
1631:), p. 194.
1242:References
1148:Membership
1142:last rites
1126:Carmelites
1111:Tarentaise
1086:Archbishop
1017:became an
960:consulate/
948:Mont-Blanc
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357:Archbishop
301:1751-09-24
151:April 2024
128:neutrality
90:April 2024
36:improve it
1556:ignored (
1546:cite book
1520:30 August
1497:30 August
1464:ignored (
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1400:Nécrologe
1346:29 August
1315:29 August
1234:for 1825.
1184:, to the
987:June 1815
787:Concordat
741:seditious
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637:when the
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454:civil law
391:Biography
349:churchman
251:Successor
236:1824–1827
233:In office
139:talk page
42:talk page
1597:(1902).
1309:Chambéry
1232:the pope
1207:Lausanne
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313:Genevois
282:by
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858:England
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971:Annecy
963:empire
894:Annecy
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473:Annecy
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430:Thonon
414:church
410:Annecy
272:Orders
1164:Notes
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1043:Savoy
1007:Turin
989:, as
850:Savoy
834:Paris
651:Turin
559:Turin
527:Savoy
523:Tours
499:Paris
493:Savoy
442:Greek
426:Latin
418:Évian
383:from
334:Savoy
317:Savoy
1655:2020
1625:ISBN
1611:2020
1581:2020
1558:help
1522:2020
1499:2020
1466:help
1421:help
1348:2020
1317:2020
1124:the
1067:Vaud
1035:Aire
952:1792
898:1792
854:1801
846:1792
826:Rome
802:was
730:Bern
663:Bern
440:and
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371:and
369:1792
324:Died
295:Born
125:The
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969:at
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