165:
20:
207:
Debeauvais declared in Berlin a Breton "government in exile" (Bretonische
Regierung). It was not however officially recognised by the Nazis. Nevertheless, the Nazis gave Debeauvais and Mordrel "stateless persons" passports, and sympathisers within the German secret service allowed them to travel freely.
149:
approached, the French government sought to prosecute him for seditious activities. After a period in exile in
Belgium, Debeauvais was imprisoned for 6 months. On 14 December 1938 he and Mordrel were condemned to a further term for "attacking the unity of the nation". He was released on 25 July 1939,
206:
by a military tribunal at Rennes for "attacking the external safety of the State and the integrity of the territory, maintenance or recruitment of a dissolved group, provocation of soldiers to desertion and treason". They were degraded militarily and condemned to death. At the beginning of May 1940,
137:
published a programme named "SAGA" (Strollad Ar Gelted
Adsavet: Programme of Revived Celts), which was worked out by Mordrel. Debeauvais was careful to present it as a proposal for the direction of the party, not as its policy. The fascistic and racist nature of Modrel's programme provoked criticism
268:
Comrades of the Perrot formation, I greet you.... It is not because we believe that
Germany will emerge victorious from this gigantic conflict that, from the first day of the war, we were at its side. Our choice was not about opportunism, but a common vision of the world on essential points.... The
190:
faction recommended the extension of the Reich to all the German-speaking populations and the dismantling of the great
European powers according to linguistic criteria, a view consistent with Breton nationalism. The creation of a Breton State also found supporters among militarists who wished to
194:
In
January 1940, Debeauvais and Mordrel drafted a "War Letter" (Lizer Brezl) to their militant supporters, insisting that "a true Breton does not have the right to die for France". They added, "Our eternal enemies and our present ones are the French, it is they who have never ceased to wrong
248:
His goal moved to establishing a
National Socialist form of Breton nationalism devoted to communitarian policies of "anti-capitalism and anti-Judeo-Communism". He became secretary of the commission of the Celtic Institute of Brittany between 1941 and 1943.
180:. The party's property was confiscated and files destroyed; Debeauvais and Mordrel chose to go into exile rather than support France. From Amsterdam, Mordrel and Debeauvais addressed a proclamation to Bretons, condemning the war.
244:
and his doctors prescribed rest. He moved away from political activism, but did take part in the ousting of
Mordrel from the Breton National Committee at the end of 1940 and the appointment of Raymond Delaporte to replace him.
199:, he devised a project of unloading arms from a submarine on the coast of the Leon, to allow him to reconstitute the Breton National Party as a secret paramilitary group. He abandoned the plan after Mordrel intervened.
390:
210:
Debeauvais returned from exile to France along with the victorious German army in June 1940, arriving in
Brittany on 1 July. Later in the month, at the "Congress of
350:
355:
54:. His name is also spelled in many "Breton" variants: François Debauvais, Fransez Debeauvais, Fransez Debauvais, Fañch Debeauvais, Fañch Debauvais, Fañch deb.
340:
273:
which was very clear. This policy consisted, from the external point of view, to seek German support. We worked there with others, for nearly twenty years.
345:
385:
375:
118:
With the split in Breton nationalism between federalists and independentists, François
Debeauvais supported the latter and joined the newly formed
284:
After the war, his widow Anna Youenou associated with the Breton nationalist clique in Paris. In 1968 she wrote an account of her husband's life.
380:
370:
74:, the Breton nationalist youth wing, in 1920. He quickly rose within the movement, becoming associated with the faction of Yann Bricler, and
159:
183:
By the end of 1939 he had moved to Berlin "to try to play the card of Breton independence in the probable outcome of French defeat".
309:
66:. Initially he worked as a pharmacist, but soon became an activist for Breton nationalism. He was associated with the founding of
335:
176:
With the declaration of the war between France and Germany, the Breton National Party was dissolved by the French government of
365:
141:
Nevertheless, Debeauvais's views had much in common with Mordrel. During the late 1930s, both men forged links with the
138:
from many readers. In 1937, Debeauvais prevented Mordrel's extremist faction from seizing the power within the PNB.
215:
360:
256:. A last attempt to take back control of the party led to his support for the paramilitary groups set up by
127:
119:
83:
330:
325:
257:
169:
220:
177:
47:
91:
305:
295:
Fransez Debauvais de Breiz-Atao et les siens. Mémoires du chef breton commentés par sa femme
98:
and Marcel Guieysse. According to the memoirs of his wife Anna Youenou (a fellow member of
229:
103:
106:
at this time. In 1930, he proposed the creation of a major weekly magazine to be called
196:
319:
87:
75:
252:
In January 1944, suffering from severe tuberculosis, he entered a private clinic in
278:
261:
241:
187:
146:
51:
28:
164:
240:
In October 1940, Debeauvais's health suddenly worsened. He was diagnosed with
142:
99:
70:(Brittany Forever), the Breton nationalist journal. He was named president of
67:
24:
228:. 201 issues appeared between July 1940 and June 1944. Its first editor was
63:
211:
95:
19:
27:, commemorating Debeauvais and containing his farewell address to the
253:
43:
39:
269:
situation has already been clarified, by returning to the policy of
110:(the Breton People), but was unable to secure sufficient funding.
297:, Rennes, A. Youenou-Debauvais, s.d. (1974–1983), 6 volumes.
191:
break up France so that it would no longer rival Germany.
102:, whom he married in 1929) he was much influenced by
281:at Zillisheim. He died on 20 March 1944 in Colmar.
172:
as a wedding present for Debauvais and Anna Youenou
277:Shortly before his death he made his son join the
391:Nazis sentenced to death in absentia by France
8:
195:Brittany". In April 1940, in imitation of
62:Debeauvais was the son of a gardener from
202:On 7 May 1940, he and Mordrel were tried
168:cabinet with swastika motifs designed by
163:
18:
150:after apologising on 15 February 1939.
351:Breton collaborators with Nazi Germany
214:", Debeauvais and Mordrel created the
130:, the terrorist wing of the movement.
356:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
7:
341:Breton Autonomist Party politicians
218:. They also founded a new journal,
160:Breton nationalism and World War II
14:
346:Breton National Party politicians
386:20th-century French male writers
376:20th-century French journalists
126:. He was also connected to the
260:. He greeted the newly formed
50:and wartime collaborator with
1:
381:Tuberculosis deaths in France
371:20th-century French essayists
122:. He continued as editor of
86:in 1924, with Yann Sohier,
16:Breton nationalist activist
407:
157:
216:Breton National Committee
82:s Pan-Celtic Congress in
336:Politicians from Rennes
72:Unvaniez Yaounkiz Breiz
275:
173:
32:
366:French male essayists
266:
264:of Lainé's movement:
167:
154:Exile in Nazi Germany
120:Breton National Party
114:Breton National Party
22:
302:Le mouvement breton
36:François Debeauvais
174:
78:. He took part in
48:Breton nationalist
33:
304:, Maspéro, 1976,
236:Illness and death
170:René-Yves Creston
42:– 20 March 1944,
398:
262:Perrot formation
221:L'Heure Bretonne
186:In Germany, the
178:Édouard Daladier
108:Le Peuple Breton
406:
405:
401:
400:
399:
397:
396:
395:
361:French fascists
316:
315:
290:
238:
230:Morvan Lebesque
162:
156:
133:In March 1933,
116:
104:Charles Maurras
60:
23:A 1944 copy of
17:
12:
11:
5:
404:
402:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
318:
317:
314:
313:
300:Alain Deniel,
298:
293:Anna Youenou,
289:
286:
258:Célestin Lainé
237:
234:
197:Roger Casement
155:
152:
115:
112:
59:
56:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
403:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
321:
311:
310:2-7071-0826-X
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
291:
287:
285:
282:
280:
274:
272:
265:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
243:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
208:
205:
200:
198:
192:
189:
184:
181:
179:
171:
166:
161:
153:
151:
148:
144:
139:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:Youenn Drezen
85:
81:
77:
76:Olier Mordrel
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
26:
21:
301:
294:
288:Bibliography
283:
279:Hitler Youth
276:
270:
267:
251:
247:
242:tuberculosis
239:
225:
219:
209:
203:
201:
193:
188:Pangermanist
185:
182:
175:
147:World War II
140:
134:
132:
123:
117:
107:
79:
71:
61:
52:Nazi Germany
35:
34:
29:Bezen Perrot
331:1944 deaths
326:1902 births
224:to replace
204:in absentia
128:Gwenn-ha-du
80:Breiz Atao'
320:Categories
271:Breiz Atao
226:Breiz Atao
158:See also:
143:Nazi party
135:Breiz Atao
124:Breiz Atao
100:Breiz Atao
92:Jakez Riou
68:Breiz Atao
58:Breiz Atao
25:Breiz Atao
64:Le Pertre
38:(1902 in
46:) was a
31:militia.
212:Pontivy
96:Abeozen
84:Quimper
308:
254:Colmar
44:Colmar
40:Rennes
145:. As
306:ISBN
322::
232:.
94:,
90:,
312:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
