248:
1369:, in the Dordogne river valley, the second of the three children of Pons de Salignac, Comte de La Mothe-Fénelon by his wife Louise de La Cropte. Reduced to the status of "impecunious old nobility" by François' time, the La Mothe-Fénelons had produced leaders in both Church and state. His uncle Francois currently served as bishop of nearby Sarlat, a see in which fifteen generations of the Fénelon family had filled the episcopal chair. "In fact, so many members of the family occupied the position that it had begun to be considered as practically a familial apanage to which the Salignac-Fénelon had a right as seigneurs of the locality"
1962:...those same questions, in the same sorrowing tone, Fénelon puts to to his pupil, the Duc de Bourgogne, against the day, when he will have to take over the royal power: Do you understand the constitution of kingship? Have you acquainted yourself with the moral obligations of Kings? Have you sought means of bringing comfort to the people? The evils that are engendered by absolute power, by incompetent administration, by war, how will you shield your subjects from them? And when in 1711, the same Duc de Bourgogne became Dauphin of France, it was a whole string of reforms that Fénelon submitted to him in preparation for his accession
65:
2567:
1864:
1600:
215:
240:
256:
4259:
4208:
1248:
4235:
1814:, which he submitted to the commission members, as well as to the Bishop of Chartres and Fénelon, requesting their signatures before its publication. Fénelon refused to sign, arguing that Mme Guyon had already admitted her mistakes and there was no point in further condemning her. Furthermore, Fénelon disagreed with Bossuet's interpretation of the Articles d'Issy, as he wrote in
4271:
2552:
1672:"the true key to the museum of the eighteenth-century imagination". One of the most popular works of the century, it became an immediate best seller both in France and abroad, going through many editions and translated into every European language and even Latin verse (first in Berlin in 1743, then in Paris by Étienne Viel ). It inspired numerous imitations, such as the Abbé
1985:
is the nation to the universal commonweal; wherefore it is infinitely more harmful for nation to wrong nation, than for family to wrong family. To abandon the sentiment of humanity is not merely to renounce civilization and to relapse into barbarism, it is to share in the blindness of the most brutish brigands and savages; it is to be a man no longer, but a cannibal.
1260:
4247:
1984:
A people is no less a member of the human race, which is society as a whole, than a family is a member of a particular nation. Each individual owes incomparably more to the human race, which is the great fatherland, than to the particular country in which he was born. As a family is to the nation, so
1524:
region of France preaching to
Protestants. He persuaded the king to remove troops from the region and tried to avoid outright displays of religious oppression. But, in the end, he was willing to resort to force to make Protestants listen to his message. He believed that "to be obliged to do good is
1794:
condemned in 1687. Mme de
Maintenon responded by requesting an ecclesiastical commission to examine Mme Guyon's orthodoxy: the commission consisted of two of Fénelon's old friends, Bossuet and de Noailles, as well as the head of the Sulpician order of which Fénelon was a member. The commission sat
2007:
The world is not abstraction; it is the sum total of families; and who can civilize it more effectively than women . . . . are scarcely less important to the public than those of men, since women have a household to rule, a husband to make happy, and children to bring up well . . . . In
1713:
is therefore widely seen as the most thorough exposition of the brand of reformism in the
Beauvilliers-Chevreuse circle, which hoped that following Louis XIV's death, his brand of autocracy could be replaced by a monarchy less centralized and less absolute, and with a greater role for aristocrats
1897:, Spanish troops encamped in his archdiocese (an area France had only recently captured from Spain), but they never interfered with the exercise of his archiepiscopal duties. Warfare, however, produced refugees, and Fénelon opened his palace to refugees fleeing the ongoing conflict.
1914:, which revived the old Jansenist distinction between questions of law and questions of fact, and argued that though the church had the right to condemn certain opinions as heretical, it did not have the right to oblige one to believe that these opinions were actually contained in
2013:
H.C. Barnard, Fénelon on
Education: A Translation of the 'Traité de l'education des filles' and Other Documents Illustrating Fénelon's Educational Theories and Practice, Together with an Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966), 2-3., quoted in
1709:, who generally disliked Fénelon, admitted that when Fénelon became tutor, the duke was a spoiled, violent child; when Fénelon left him, the duke had learned the lessons of self-control as well as being thoroughly impressed with a sense of his future duties.
1587:, usually known simply as Madame Guyon. At that time, she was well received in the social circle of the Beauvilliers and Chevreuses. Fénelon was deeply impressed by her piety and actively discipled her. He would later become a devotee and defend her brand of
1525:
always an advantage and that heretics and schismatics, when forced to apply their minds to the consideration of truth, eventually lay aside their erroneous beliefs, whereas they would never have examined these matters had not authority constrained them."
1664:
which affirmed the divine foundations of absolute monarchy while also exhorting the future king to use restraint and wisdom in exercising his absolute power, Fénelon went so far as to write "Good kings are rare and the generality of monarchs bad".
1854:
was published. This book also enraged Louis XIV, for it appeared to question his regime's very foundations. Thus, even after Fénelon abjured his
Quietist views, the king refused to revoke his order forbidding Fénelon from leaving his archdiocese.
1945:
Although confined to the
Cambrai archdiocese in his later years, Fénelon continued to act as a spiritual director for Mme de Maintenon, as well as the ducs de Chevreuse and de Beauvilliers, the duke of Burgundy, and other prominent individuals.
2128:
valuing its profound spiritual insights and practical guidance for deepening one’s relationship with God. Tozer regards it as an essential read for those earnest in pursuing a devout
Christian life, emphasizing its timeless significance.
2151:, as an example of man whose life and continued authorship of important works was so valuable to society at large, that if his palace was in flames and someone was in a position to rescue either Fenelon or his valet (some editions say
1949:
Fénelon's later years were blighted by the deaths of many of his close friends. Shortly before his death, he asked Louis XIV to replace him with a man opposed to
Jansenism and loyal to the Sulpician order. He died on 7 January 1715.
1889:
churches and other institutions within his archdiocese. He preached in his cathedral on festival days, and took an especial interest in seminary training and in examining candidates for the priesthood prior to their ordination.
1901:
For Fénelon all wars were civil wars. Humanity was a single society and all wars within it the greatest evil, for he argued that one's obligation to mankind as a whole was always greater than what was owed to one's particular
1451:. He initially dreamed of becoming a missionary to the East, but instead, and at the instigation of friends, he preached in Sulpician parishes and performed routine pastoral work as his reputation for eloquence began to grow.
1420:. Fénelon demonstrated so much talent at the Collège du Plessis that at age 15, he was asked to give a public sermon. About 1672 (i.e. around the time he was 21 years old), Fénelon's uncle managed to get him enrolled in the
1569:
1743:
wife of Louis XIV since roughly 1684) began to regularly consult Fénelon on matters of conscience. Also, since Fénelon had a reputation as an expert on educating girls, she sought his advice on the house of
2486:
MANSFIELD, ANDREW. “The
Political Principles of Fénelon.” In Ideas of Monarchical Reform: Fénelon, Jacobitism, and the Political Works of the Chevalier Ramsay, 83–104. Manchester University Press, 2015.
2008:
short, one has to consider not only the good which women do when they are well brought up, but also the evil which they cause in the world when they lack an education which inspires them to virtue..."
1702:
appeared in wallpaper. The
American president Andrew Jackson wallpapered the entrance hall to his slave plantation, The Hermitage, in Tennessee, with scenes from Telemachus on the Island of Calypso.
1958:
Fénelon wrote about the dangers of power in government. Historian Paul Hazard remarks that the author posed hard questions for his fictional hero Telemachus to put to Idomeneus, King of Salente:
1376:
by private tutors, who gave him a thorough grounding in the language and literature of the Greek and Latin classics. In 1663, at age 12, he was sent to the University of Cahors, where he studied
2198:
27:
1829:. Shocked that his grandson's tutors held such views, the king removed Fénelon from his post as royal tutor and ordered Fénelon to remain within the boundaries of the archdiocese of Cambrai.
4331:
4306:
1825:
Louis XIV responded to the controversy by chastising Bossuet for not warning him earlier of Fénelon's opinions and ordered Bossuet, de Noailles, and the Bishop of Chartres to respond to the
2633:
2844:
2557:
2499:
Christoph Schmitt-Maaß, Stefanie Stockhorst and Doohwan Ahn (eds.). 'Fénelon in the Enlightenment: Traditions, Adaptations, and Variations'. Amsterdam - New York, Rodopi, 2014.
1462:, a community in Paris for young Huguenot girls, who had been removed from their families and were about to join the Church of Rome. In 1687, he published a pedagogical work,
1736:
1755:
while at the same time asking him to remain in his position as tutor to the duke of Burgundy. Fénelon accepted, and he was consecrated by his old friend Bossuet in August.
1607:
In 1689, Louis XIV named Fénelon's friend the Duc de Beauvilliers as governor of the royal grandchildren. Upon Beauvilliers' recommendation, Fénelon was named the tutor of
4321:
2346:
4356:
2645:
2171:
2745:
2626:
2862:
1565:
1291:
542:
2593:
1660:
2915:
2518:
1608:
2705:
2480:
Kanter, Sanford B. “Archbishop Fenelon’s Political Activity: The Focal Point of Power in Dynasticism.” French Historical Studies 4, no. 3 (1966): 320–34.
2837:
2503:
4316:
2619:
1807:. Both Fénelon and the Bishop of Chartres signed the articles, as did all three commission members. Mme Guyon immediately submitted to the decision.
1924:. The treatises, sermons, and pastoral letters Fénelon wrote in response occupy seven volumes in his collected works. Fénelon particularly condemned
4381:
1847:
Fénelon immediately declared that he submitted to the pope's authority and set aside his own opinion. With this, the Quietist matter was dropped.
4336:
4326:
2384:
1342:
48:
4311:
1584:
1501:
in 1685, the Church began a campaign to send the greatest orators in the country into the regions of France with the highest concentration of
2830:
2148:
1706:
924:
2493:
Randall, Catharine. “‘LOOSENING THE STAYS’: MADAME GUYON’S QUIETIST OPPOSITION TO ABSOLUTISM.” Mystics Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2000): 8–30.
4366:
1409:
1803:, 34 articles which briefly condemned certain of Mme Guyon's opinions, as well as set forth a brief exposition of the Catholic view of
2440:
4351:
2697:
2286:
1284:
428:
91:
2508:
1658:
which was the dominant ideology of Louis XIV's France. In sharp contrast to Bossuet, who, when tutor to the Dauphin, had written
3875:
2035:
1635:
1337:
4361:
4341:
3900:
3163:
2881:
2657:
2561:
1787:
1588:
654:
4376:
3825:
2876:
223:
64:
1822:). Fénelon interpreted the Articles d'Issy in a way much more sympathetic to the Quietist viewpoint than Bossuet proposed.
4301:
3941:
3845:
3525:
2922:
1894:
1421:
1388:. When the young man expressed interest in a career in the church, his uncle, the Marquis Antoine de Fénelon (a friend of
1119:
468:
4225:
1144:
2900:
2729:
2721:
2308:
Letters from Baron Van Hugel to a Niece, edited with an introduction by Gwendolen Greene—first published in 1928, p. 110
1745:
1705:
Most believed Fénelon's tutorship resulted in a dramatic improvement in the young duke's behaviour. Even the memoirist
1277:
1224:
127:
3800:
964:
2278:
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Dordogne, Bordeaux & the Southwest Coast: Dordogne, Bordeaux & the Southwest Coast
1920:
3890:
2019:
Finding their Place in the World: Meiji Intellectuals and the Japanese Construction of an East-West Binary, 1868-1912
20:
1810:
At Issy, the commission asked Bossuet to follow up the Articles with an exposition. Bossuet thus proceeded to write
4371:
3951:
3714:
3694:
2853:
1558:
1490:
1154:
904:
300:
2801:
1049:
854:
2317:
Telemachus, Book XIV. "Ainsi les bons rois sont très rares, et la plupart sont si méchants …". See for example:
3865:
3058:
2950:
2893:
2689:
569:
325:
3920:
2642:
1718:
1373:
1354:
4026:
3976:
3840:
3236:
1612:
1393:
1159:
889:
789:
416:
278:
4061:
3895:
3860:
3855:
3815:
3479:
2980:
2713:
1977:
1885:, Fénelon spent most of his time in the archiepiscopal palace, but also spent several months of each year
1804:
1413:
1079:
714:
451:
954:
4346:
3986:
3905:
3774:
3769:
3196:
3039:
2888:
1767:
1752:
1652:
1573:
649:
589:
564:
372:
101:
81:
56:
4031:
2737:
1863:
1397:
929:
485:
1832:
This unleashed two years of pamphlet warfare as the two sides traded opinions. On 12 March 1699, the
1509:. Upon Bossuet's suggestion, Fénelon was included in this group, alongside such oratorical greats as
4296:
4291:
4162:
4147:
4132:
4081:
3759:
3679:
3644:
3574:
3364:
3339:
3319:
3299:
3261:
3256:
3221:
3103:
2997:
2785:
1886:
1725:
1538:
1139:
1044:
834:
799:
769:
739:
709:
604:
500:
320:
310:
231:
4182:
1599:
4263:
4137:
4101:
4071:
3835:
3739:
3639:
3579:
3540:
3520:
3448:
3334:
3143:
2986:
2973:
2962:
2769:
2681:
2193:
1796:
1740:
1546:
1521:
1455:
1417:
1405:
1109:
1034:
994:
979:
949:
859:
794:
599:
527:
406:
395:
330:
202:
4212:
4152:
3764:
3704:
3674:
3589:
3584:
3453:
3349:
3246:
3226:
3186:
3128:
3093:
3088:
2932:
2415:
2340:
2101:
1771:
1401:
1389:
1252:
1179:
804:
784:
754:
704:
579:
574:
522:
337:
26:"François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon" redirects here. For the missionary in New France, see
3946:
3604:
3505:
2507:
1514:
884:
4142:
4127:
4016:
3961:
3880:
3870:
3820:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3699:
3689:
3665:
3634:
3614:
3500:
3458:
3438:
3354:
3314:
3289:
3178:
3148:
3098:
3083:
2809:
2777:
2537:
2436:
2326:
2282:
1783:
1782:
to Mme de Maintenon. The bishop noted that Mme Guyon's opinions bore striking similarities to
1655:
1264:
1164:
1129:
1089:
1074:
1069:
1039:
1009:
974:
969:
934:
894:
824:
734:
505:
268:
164:
1622:. He wrote several important works specifically to guide his young charge. These include his
1615:, who was second in line for the throne. This brought him a good deal of influence at court.
4251:
4167:
4056:
4051:
4046:
3971:
3956:
3936:
3795:
3724:
3649:
3594:
3510:
3394:
3379:
3359:
3304:
3284:
3271:
3216:
3108:
2940:
2793:
2761:
2753:
2571:
2044:
1925:
1915:
1867:
1791:
1510:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1169:
1099:
1024:
849:
759:
664:
639:
609:
377:
285:
4177:
4066:
4001:
3991:
3915:
3810:
3805:
3709:
3684:
3515:
3495:
3468:
3463:
3433:
3374:
3118:
2945:
1933:
1498:
1312:
1189:
1149:
1094:
1029:
1019:
989:
984:
959:
914:
899:
879:
819:
764:
694:
629:
295:
3609:
2107:
Spiritual Letters (2 volumes, letters to men; letters to women, Rivingtons, London, 1877)
1763:
As already noted, Fénelon had met Madam Guyon in 1688 and became an admirer of her work.
214:
4091:
4006:
3981:
3910:
3850:
3624:
3619:
3599:
3554:
3389:
3384:
3329:
3251:
3231:
3168:
3044:
2905:
2665:
2144:
2136:
deeply, never lending it out, and considered it an unparalleled aid to spiritual life.
1678:
1673:
1619:
1358:
1184:
1174:
1134:
999:
919:
909:
779:
719:
473:
446:
411:
347:
260:
160:
2606:
2235:
Classics of Western Spirituality. New York and Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2006, p. 6f.
4285:
4275:
4239:
4187:
4157:
4086:
3779:
3734:
3473:
3443:
3344:
3324:
3309:
3201:
3191:
3078:
2991:
2513:
2392:
2320:
1554:
1506:
1084:
1014:
829:
814:
774:
689:
644:
634:
495:
421:
367:
342:
70:
1633:
But by far the most lasting of his works that Fénelon composed for the duke was his
4172:
4111:
4021:
3830:
3490:
3294:
3133:
3073:
2580:
2188:
2040:
1841:
1766:
In 1697, following a visit by Mme Guyon to Mme de Maintenon's school at Saint-Cyr,
1729:
1209:
749:
624:
463:
4096:
3885:
2399:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 9–39. Quote on p. 11.
2586:
2276:
2093:
2064:
2057:
4106:
4076:
4041:
4036:
4011:
3996:
3966:
3564:
3559:
3536:
3428:
3423:
3404:
3369:
3279:
3068:
2388:
2121:
1833:
1684:
1362:
1219:
1214:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1004:
844:
839:
809:
744:
724:
360:
315:
264:
4207:
2822:
2533:
2017:
1618:
As tutor, Fénelon was charged with guiding the character formation of a future
1247:
4192:
3569:
3485:
3153:
3013:
2607:"Educating Telemachus: Lessons in Fénelon's Underworld" by Ippokratis Kantzios
2373:
The Mirror of Antiquity: American Women and the Classical Tradition, 1750–1900
1938:
1648:
1381:
1328:
1324:
669:
382:
290:
197:
2611:
2601:
2522:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–254.
2488:
1971:, translated by J. Lewis May (Cleveland Ohio: Meridian Books , 1967) p. 282.
1735:
The early- to mid-1690s are significant since it was during this period that
1470:), which brought him much attention, not only in France, but abroad as well.
4258:
3728:
3414:
3008:
1907:
1779:
1494:
1474:
1425:
1366:
401:
305:
37:
4234:
2576:
3628:
3206:
3158:
3063:
3053:
3023:
3003:
2967:
2546:
2155:), we should rescue Fenelon, even if the servant was our close relative.
1932:. His writings contributed to the tide of scholarly opinion which led to
1871:
1694:
1644:
1550:
1502:
1478:
1444:
1428:
1377:
1321:
614:
584:
490:
480:
458:
387:
2077:
2050:
1533:
During this period, Fénelon assisted Bossuet during his lectures on the
3660:
3549:
3399:
3138:
3113:
3028:
2956:
2910:
2494:
1882:
1775:
1572:, who were married to the daughters of Louis XIV's minister of finance
939:
594:
559:
517:
512:
391:
181:
1561:. This work was not published until 1820, long after Fénelon's death.
1404:
students followed the same curriculum as the theology students at the
3241:
3123:
3018:
1875:
1799:
and, after six months of deliberations, delivered its opinion in the
1689:
1489:
During this period, Fénelon had become friends with his future rival
1448:
699:
659:
619:
2542:
2262:
1862:
1543:
Réfutation du système de Malebranche sur la nature et sur la grâce
1534:
1432:
2481:
2433:
The Crucified Life: How To Live Out A Deeper Christian Experience
3211:
1332:
729:
2826:
2615:
1541:. It was probably at Bossuet's urging that he now composed his
2003:
He also wrote of women's education as a means against heresy.
2397:
The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
2360:
La Naissance du Panthéon: Essai sur le culte des grands homes
1335:
and writer. Today, he is remembered mostly as the author of
1751:
In February 1696, the king nominated Fénelon to become the
1906:
During these latter years, Fénelon wrote a series of anti-
2475:
François Fénelon, a Biography: The Apostle of Pure Love
2416:"The Alliance Weekly Volume 82 May 10, 1947 Number 19"
1473:
From 1681 to 1695, Fénelon was prior of the fortified
1443:
Around 1675 (when he would have been 24), Fénelon was
4223:
2199:
François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary)
2166:
Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambrai: A Biographical Sketch
1818:(a work often regarded as his masterpiece - English:
1651:. On another level, it became a biting attack on the
28:
François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary)
2222:
5:151. Ed. M. Viller et al. Paris: Beauchesne, 1964.
16:
French archbishop, theologian and writer (1651–1715)
4120:
3929:
3788:
3658:
3534:
3413:
3270:
3177:
3037:
2931:
2869:
1668:French literary historian Jean-Claude Bonnet calls
196:
188:
171:
146:
141:
133:
123:
115:
107:
97:
87:
77:
35:
2375:(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007), page 39.
1341:, first published in 1699. He was a member of the
4332:18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
4307:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
2509:"Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe"
2409:
2407:
2405:
2248:, 3rd ed., I, pp. 45f. (Versailles: Lebel, 1817).
2147:referenced Fenelon in book II, chapter II of his
1954:Fénelon as reformer and defender of human rights
1844:listing 23 specific propositions as unorthodox.
2325:. Hurd and Houghton / Riverside Press. p.
2005:
1982:
1960:
1910:works. The impetus was the publication of the
1899:
1717:In 1693, Fénelon was elected to Seat 34 of the
1454:In early 1679, François Harlay de Champvallon,
1320:(6 August 1651 – 7 January 1715), was a French
2590:"Christian Counsel" (1810) English translation
2172:Stafford Harry Northcote, Viscount Saint Cyres
1688:. It also more directly supplied the plot for
1372:Fénelon's early education was provided in the
19:"Fénelon" redirects here. For other uses, see
2838:
2627:
1285:
8:
2459:"François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon."
2345:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1603:Fénelon and the Duke of Burgundy by Neuville
2706:Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort, Duke of Duras
2319:Fenelon, Francois, Tr. Hawkesworth (1872).
2281:. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 119.
1930:Réflexions morales sur le Nouveau Testament
2845:
2831:
2823:
2634:
2620:
2612:
2246:Histoire de Fénelon, Archevêque de Cambrai
1292:
1278:
547:
209:
63:
32:
1724:In 1694, the king named Fénelon Abbot of
1353:Fénelon was born on 6 August 1651 at the
4322:17th-century French Catholic theologians
2746:Frédéric Alfred Pierre, Count of Falloux
2674:François de Salignac de La Mothe Fénelon
1980:, and the unity of humankind. He wrote:
1682:(1731), which in turn inspired Mozart's
1598:
1313:[fʁɑ̃swadəsaliɲakdəlamɔtfenəlɔ̃]
1305:François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon
4230:
2461:Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed
2211:
1778:) expressed concerns about Mme Guyon's
1639:, written in 1693–94. On its surface,
1408:. While there, he became friends with
230:
3846:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
2477:. Brewster, MA; Paraclete Press, 2012.
2338:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2052:Treatise on the Education of Daughters
1585:Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon
1583:In 1688, Fénelon first met his cousin
1564:Fénelon also became friendly with the
1520:He spent the next three years in the
1311:
7:
2149:Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
2111:
1812:Instructions sur les états d'oraison
1714:such as Beauvilliers and Chevreuse.
1707:Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon
1661:Politique tirée de l'Écriture sainte
1485:Missionary to the Huguenots, 1686–87
2802:Jacques de Bourbon, Count of Busset
2690:Louis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont
2022:(Thesis). Georgia State University.
1396:) arranged for him to study at the
2568:Works by or about François Fénelon
2126:Inner Life (Christian Perfection),
2124:highly praises François Fénelon's
1816:Explication des Maximes des Saints
1774:(Saint-Cyr was located within his
1748:which she was founding for girls.
1611:'s eldest son, the seven-year-old
1505:to persuade them of the errors of
1468:Treatise on the Education of Girls
1458:, selected Fénelon as director of
1384:under the influence of the Jesuit
14:
4357:Members of the Académie Française
2698:Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy
2265:, CCEL.org. Accessed 8 June 2024.
2178:(London: Methuen & Co., 1901)
2140:Later Reference by William Godwin
2066:Lives of the ancient philosophers
1990:Fénelon, "Socrate et Alcibiade",
1942:, condemning Quesnel's opinions.
4317:17th-century French male writers
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4206:
2550:
2016:Racel, Masako N. Thesis (2011).
1728:, a lucrative post worth 14,000
1578:Treatise on the Existence of God
1464:Traité de l'éducation des filles
1439:Early years as a priest, 1675–85
1349:Childhood and education, 1651–75
1258:
1246:
254:
246:
238:
213:
4382:French male non-fiction writers
3164:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
2470:. Paris; Éditions Perrin, 2008.
1994:(1718), quoted in Paul Hazard,
114:
106:
4337:18th-century Christian mystics
4327:17th-century Christian mystics
2877:History of the Catholic Church
2738:Louis Mathieu Molé, Count Molé
2387:, "The spirit of nations," in
1545:, a work in which he attacked
1:
4312:17th-century French novelists
3526:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
2923:History of Christian theology
2602:Catholic Encyclopedia article
2220:Dictionnaire de Spiritualité,
2201:- half brother and missionary
1895:War of the Spanish Succession
1759:Quietist controversy, 1697–99
2854:History of Catholic theology
2658:Honorat de Porchères Laugier
2036:The Adventures of Telemachus
1996:The European Mind, 1680-1715
1969:The European Mind, 1680-1715
1852:The Adventures of Telemachus
1641:The Adventures of Telemachus
1338:The Adventures of Telemachus
2549:(public domain audiobooks)
2233:Fénelon: Selected Writings.
4398:
4367:University of Paris alumni
3952:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
3942:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
3227:Transubstantiation dispute
2132:Tozer cherished Fénelon's
2089:The Royal Way of the Cross
1636:Les Aventures de Télémaque
1529:Important friends, 1687–89
1422:Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice
1316:), more commonly known as
301:Principle of Double Effect
25:
18:
4201:
2860:
2730:Hyacinthe Louis de Quélen
2722:Louis François de Bausset
2652:
2577:Works by François Fénelon
2558:Works by François Fénelon
2543:Works by François Fénelon
2534:Works by François Fénelon
2504:Northcote, Stafford Henry
2231:Chad Helms, ed. and tr.,
2218:Louis Cognet, "Fénelon,"
1850:However, that same year,
192:Theologian, writer, tutor
128:Jacques-Théodore de Bryas
62:
55:
4352:French religious writers
3866:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
3059:Athanasius of Alexandria
2951:First Epistle of Clement
2466:Sabine Melchior-Bonnet,
2322:Adventures of Telemachus
2263:François Fénelon profile
2041:doi:10.3931/e-rara-79368
21:Fénelon (disambiguation)
3977:Dietrich von Hildebrand
3841:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
3715:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
3695:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
3237:Paulinus II of Aquileia
3232:Predestination disputes
2519:Encyclopædia Britannica
2435:. Bethany House. 2011.
1870:of François Fénelon in
1836:formally condemned the
1491:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
417:Theological determinism
4362:Archbishops of Cambrai
4342:Roman Catholic mystics
4213:Catholicism portal
4062:Hans Urs von Balthasar
3861:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
3801:Félicité de La Mennais
3480:The Cloud of Unknowing
2981:The Shepherd of Hermas
2714:Dominique Joseph Garat
2463:. Gale Research, 1998.
2043:(Digitized Edition at
2026:
2001:
1978:universal human rights
1974:
1904:
1878:
1604:
1253:Catholicism portal
605:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
469:Christian Neoplatonism
4377:French male novelists
3987:Marie-Dominique Chenu
3906:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
3891:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
3775:Clement Mary Hofbauer
3770:Johann Michael Sailer
3197:Maximus the Confessor
2889:History of the papacy
2362:(Paris Fayard, 1998).
2244:Cardinal de Bausset,
2095:Maxims of the Mystics
2059:Dialogues of the dead
1866:
1768:Paul Godet des Marais
1753:Archbishop of Cambrai
1602:
1574:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
1460:Nouvelles-Catholiques
1412:, who later became a
1265:Philosophy portal
102:Old Cambrai Cathedral
57:Archbishop of Cambrai
4302:People from Dordogne
4163:Raniero Cantalamessa
4133:Alice von Hildebrand
4082:Edward Schillebeeckx
3760:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
3645:Lawrence of Brindisi
3575:Francisco de Vitoria
3365:Beatrice of Nazareth
3340:Hugh of Saint Victor
3320:Bernard of Clairvaux
3300:Anselm of Canterbury
3262:John Scotus Eriugena
3257:Paschasius Radbertus
3104:Gregory of Nazianzus
2998:Epistle to Diognetus
2786:Joseph de Pesquidoux
2371:Winterer, Caroline.
2134:Christian Perfection
2078:The Existence of God
2072:Christian Perfection
1820:Maxims of the Saints
1698:(1781). Scenes from
1595:Royal tutor, 1689–97
501:Second scholasticism
4138:Carlo Maria Martini
4102:Johann Baptist Metz
4072:Frederick Copleston
3896:Friedrich von Hügel
3856:Joseph Hergenröther
3836:Gaetano Sanseverino
3816:Ignaz von Döllinger
3740:Nicolas Malebranche
3580:Thomas of Villanova
3541:Counter-Reformation
3521:Girolamo Savonarola
3335:Hildegard of Bingen
3144:Cyril of Alexandria
2987:Aristides of Athens
2974:Epistle of Barnabas
2963:Ignatius of Antioch
2901:Ecumenical councils
2682:Claude Gros de Boze
2598:Librivox free audio
2194:Christian mysticism
2176:François de Fénelon
2164:H. L. Sidney Lear,
1998:(1967), pp. 282–83.
1628:Dialogues des Morts
1566:Duc de Beauvilliers
1547:Nicolas Malebranche
1456:Archbishop of Paris
1418:Archbishop of Paris
1410:Antoine de Noailles
331:Liberation Theology
232:Catholic philosophy
40:, The Most Reverend
4153:Alasdair MacIntyre
4032:Nouvelle théologie
3921:Thérèse of Lisieux
3765:Alfonso Muzzarelli
3705:Jean-Jacques Olier
3675:Tommaso Campanella
3590:Francisco de Osuna
3585:Ignatius of Loyola
3454:Catherine of Siena
3350:Robert Grosseteste
3247:Benedict of Aniane
3187:Isidore of Seville
3129:Augustine of Hippo
3094:Cyril of Jerusalem
3089:Hilary of Poitiers
2643:Académie française
2275:Ltd, D.K. (2012).
1992:Dialogue des Morts
1879:
1838:Maximes des Saints
1827:Maximes des Saints
1772:Bishop of Chartres
1719:Académie française
1643:was a novel about
1605:
1398:Collège du Plessis
1390:Jean-Jacques Olier
1374:Château de Fénelon
1355:Château de Fénelon
610:Gregory (of Nyssa)
338:Christian Humanism
203:Collège du Plessis
4372:French male poets
4221:
4220:
4148:Gustavo Gutiérrez
4143:Pope Benedict XVI
4128:Pope John Paul II
4027:Josemaría Escrivá
4017:Henri Daniel-Rops
3901:Vladimir Solovyov
3881:Neo-scholasticism
3821:John Henry Newman
3755:Louis de Montfort
3750:Alphonsus Liguori
3745:Giambattista Vico
3680:Pierre de Bérulle
3666:French Revolution
3635:Robert Bellarmine
3615:John of the Cross
3501:Julian of Norwich
3459:Bridget of Sweden
3449:John of Ruusbroec
3439:William of Ockham
3355:Francis of Assisi
3345:Dominic de Guzmán
3315:Decretum Gratiani
3290:Berengar of Tours
3179:Early Middle Ages
3149:Peter Chrysologus
3099:Basil of Caesarea
3084:Ephrem the Syrian
3024:Antipope Novatian
2820:
2819:
2778:Jacques Bainville
2538:Project Gutenberg
2385:Sylvana Tomaselli
1976:Fénelon defended
1912:Cas de Conscience
1881:As Archbishop of
1784:Miguel de Molinos
1656:absolute monarchy
1343:Sulpician Fathers
1302:
1301:
1235:
1234:
1120:Garrigou-Lagrange
429:Divine Attributes
208:
207:
4389:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4261:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4211:
4210:
4052:Emmanuel Mounier
4047:Bernard Lonergan
3972:Georges Bernanos
3957:Jacques Maritain
3937:G. K. Chesterton
3826:Henri Lacordaire
3725:Cornelius Jansen
3720:François Fénelon
3650:Francis de Sales
3640:Francisco Suárez
3511:Nicholas of Cusa
3395:Siger of Brabant
3380:Boetius of Dacia
3360:Anthony of Padua
3305:Joachim of Fiore
3285:Gregory of Narek
3272:High Middle Ages
3217:John of Damascus
3109:Gregory of Nyssa
2847:
2840:
2833:
2824:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2794:Maurice Genevoix
2789:
2781:
2773:
2770:Raymond Poincaré
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2572:Internet Archive
2554:
2553:
2523:
2511:
2447:
2446:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2400:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2024:
2023:
1999:
1972:
1926:Pasquier Quesnel
1916:Cornelius Jansen
1792:Pope Innocent XI
1737:Mme de Maintenon
1613:Duke of Burgundy
1570:Duc de Chevreuse
1511:Louis Bourdaloue
1400:in Paris, whose
1318:François Fénelon
1315:
1310:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1250:
640:John of Damascus
548:
378:Moderate realism
286:Cardinal virtues
258:
257:
253:
250:
249:
245:
242:
241:
217:
210:
178:
156:
154:
142:Personal details
67:
44:François Fénelon
33:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4205:
4197:
4178:Jean-Luc Marion
4116:
4067:Marcel Lefebvre
3992:Romano Guardini
3947:Joseph Maréchal
3925:
3916:Maurice Blondel
3811:Antonio Rosmini
3806:Luigi Taparelli
3784:
3710:Louis Thomassin
3685:Pierre Gassendi
3668:
3664:
3654:
3605:Teresa of Ávila
3543:
3539:
3530:
3516:Marsilio Ficino
3506:Thomas à Kempis
3496:Devotio Moderna
3469:Johannes Tauler
3464:Meister Eckhart
3434:Dante Alighieri
3409:
3375:Albertus Magnus
3266:
3173:
3119:John Chrysostom
3047:
3043:
3033:
2946:Clement of Rome
2927:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2551:
2530:
2502:
2456:
2454:Further reading
2451:
2450:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2185:
2161:
2142:
2118:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2012:
2000:
1989:
1973:
1966:
1956:
1934:Pope Clement XI
1861:
1801:Articles d'Issy
1761:
1597:
1531:
1515:Esprit Fléchier
1499:Edict of Nantes
1487:
1441:
1394:Vincent de Paul
1386:ratio studiorum
1351:
1308:
1298:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1054:
874:
866:
865:
864:
684:
676:
675:
674:
554:
545:
535:
534:
442:
434:
433:
363:
353:
352:
326:Social teaching
281:
271:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
180:
176:
167:
158:
152:
150:
73:
51:
46:
45:
42:
41:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Henri de Lubac
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:Gabriel Marcel
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:Étienne Gilson
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:George Tyrrell
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Émile Boutroux
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:Giuseppe Pecci
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:António Vieira
3697:
3692:
3690:René Descartes
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3661:Baroque period
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3625:Luis de Molina
3622:
3620:Peter Canisius
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:Francis Xavier
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Thomas Cajetan
3552:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3486:Heinrich Seuse
3483:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:Thomas Aquinas
3387:
3385:Henry of Ghent
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Anselm of Laon
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Rabanus Maurus
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3169:Pope Gregory I
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3045:Pope Gregory I
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2916:Biblical canon
2913:
2906:Catholic Bible
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:François Cheng
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2666:Paul Pellisson
2662:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2587:Avis Chretiens
2583:
2574:
2565:
2555:
2540:
2529:
2528:External links
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:Chisholm, Hugh
2500:
2497:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2473:Peter Gorday,
2471:
2464:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2442:978-0830759224
2441:
2424:
2401:
2377:
2364:
2352:
2310:
2301:
2287:
2267:
2250:
2237:
2224:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2168:(London, 1877)
2160:
2157:
2145:William Godwin
2141:
2138:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:The Inner Life
2098:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2030:
2027:
2010:
1987:
1964:
1955:
1952:
1860:
1857:
1760:
1757:
1679:Life of Sethos
1674:Jean Terrasson
1620:King of France
1596:
1593:
1530:
1527:
1486:
1483:
1440:
1437:
1359:Sainte-Mondane
1350:
1347:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
556:
555:
552:
551:
546:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
525:
515:
510:
509:
508:
503:
493:
488:
483:
478:
477:
476:
474:Friends of God
466:
461:
456:
455:
454:
447:Augustinianism
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:
419:
412:Predestination
409:
404:
399:
385:
380:
375:
370:
364:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
348:Works of mercy
345:
340:
335:
334:
333:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
277:
276:
273:
272:
259:
235:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
179:(aged 63)
175:7 January 1715
173:
169:
168:
161:Sainte-Mondane
159:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
137:Jean d'Estrées
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
119:7 January 1715
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
82:Roman Catholic
79:
75:
74:
68:
60:
59:
53:
52:
47:
43:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4394:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:Aidan Nichols
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Michał Heller
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4158:Walter Kasper
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Thomas Merton
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Jean Daniélou
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Joseph Görres
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3780:Bruno Lanteri
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Blaise Pascal
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:John of Ávila
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3475:
3474:Walter Hilton
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:Richard Rolle
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Peter Lombard
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:Peter Abelard
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Monothelitism
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:John Climacus
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:Monophysitism
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:Justin Martyr
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2894:Papal primacy
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:Émile Gebhart
2759:
2755:
2754:Octave Gréard
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:Robert Wokler
2390:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2290:
2288:9781409384373
2284:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1967:Paul Hazard,
1963:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:'s 1713 bull
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1576:. He wrote a
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:Protestantism
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Chateaubriand
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
870:
869:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Gundissalinus
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
680:
679:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
550:
549:
544:
539:
538:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
519:
516:
514:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:Scholasticism
494:
492:
489:
487:
486:Ressourcement
484:
482:
479:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
444:
438:
437:
430:
427:
423:
422:Compatibilism
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
393:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:Conceptualism
366:
365:
362:
357:
356:
349:
346:
344:
343:Virtue ethics
341:
339:
336:
332:
329:
328:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:
275:
274:
270:
266:
262:
237:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
216:
212:
211:
204:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:6 August 1651
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
118:
110:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
71:Joseph Vivien
66:
61:
58:
54:
50:
39:
34:
29:
22:
4347:French poets
4264:Christianity
4173:Peter Kreeft
4121:21st century
4112:Henri Nouwen
4022:Jean Guitton
4002:Fulton Sheen
3930:20th century
3831:Jaime Balmes
3789:19th century
3719:
3610:Luis de León
3491:Geert Groote
3478:
3295:Peter Damian
3134:John Cassian
3074:Nestorianism
2996:
2979:
2972:
2955:
2933:Early Church
2673:
2594:
2585:
2581:Open Library
2517:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2432:
2427:
2396:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2330:. Retrieved
2321:
2313:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2277:
2270:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2189:Human rights
2175:
2165:
2152:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2034:
2018:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1880:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1842:Innocent XII
1840:, with Pope
1837:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1765:
1762:
1750:
1734:
1726:Saint-Valery
1723:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1653:divine right
1640:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1606:
1582:
1577:
1563:
1549:'s views on
1542:
1532:
1519:
1497:revoked the
1488:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1442:
1385:
1371:
1352:
1336:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1165:John Paul II
1090:Benedict XVI
1063:Contemporary
944:
543:Philosophers
464:Cartesianism
407:Quinque Viae
177:(1715-01-07)
69:Portrait by
4297:1715 deaths
4292:1651 births
4183:Tomáš Halík
4107:Jean Vanier
4092:René Girard
4077:Alfred Delp
4042:Yves Congar
4037:Karl Rahner
4012:Dorothy Day
3997:Edith Stein
3967:Ronald Knox
3565:John Fisher
3560:Thomas More
3537:Reformation
3429:Duns Scotus
3424:Ramon Llull
3417:and reforms
3405:Roger Bacon
3370:Bonaventure
3280:Roscellinus
3069:Pelagianism
3040:Constantine
2863:Key figures
2389:Mark Goldie
2153:chambermaid
2122:A. W. Tozer
1893:During the
1859:Later years
1834:Inquisition
1685:Magic Flute
1609:the Dauphin
1559:Incarnation
980:Malebranche
840:Roscellinus
785:Grosseteste
745:Bonaventure
565:Athenagoras
361:Metaphysics
321:Personalism
316:Natural law
311:Probabilism
124:Predecessor
111:30 May 1695
88:Archdiocese
4286:Categories
4193:Scott Hahn
3570:Johann Eck
3222:Iconoclasm
3154:Pope Leo I
3014:Tertullian
2562:Faded Page
2332:2019-03-11
2206:References
2114:Inner Life
2112:Fénelon's
1939:Unigenitus
1921:Augustinus
1741:morganatic
1711:Telemachus
1692:'s opera,
1649:Telemachus
1557:, and the
1539:Versailles
1382:philosophy
1329:theologian
1325:archbishop
1160:Hildebrand
1100:Chesterton
965:La Mennais
895:Bellarmine
890:Azpilcueta
835:Paschasius
715:Autrecourt
670:Tertullian
630:Chrysostom
570:Athanasius
452:Victorines
383:Nominalism
291:Just price
198:Alma mater
189:Occupation
153:1651-08-06
116:Term ended
4252:Biography
4097:Hans Küng
3886:Léon Bloy
3876:Modernism
3729:Jansenism
3415:Mysticism
3009:Montanism
2341:cite book
2159:Biography
2116:and Tozer
1908:Jansenist
1780:orthodoxy
1746:Saint-Cyr
1700:Télémaque
1676:'s novel
1670:Télémaque
1522:Saintonge
1503:Huguenots
1495:Louis XIV
1475:monastery
1426:Sulpician
1367:Aquitaine
1180:MacIntyre
1140:Gutiérrez
1110:Copleston
1080:Balthasar
935:Descartes
795:Hildegard
780:Gregory I
755:Catherine
705:Alexander
655:Dionysius
575:Augustine
528:Salamanca
402:Haecceity
306:Casuistry
134:Successor
108:Installed
38:His Grace
3629:Molinism
3207:Ecthesis
3159:Boethius
3064:Arianism
3054:Eusebius
3004:Irenaeus
2968:Polycarp
2882:Timeline
2564:(Canada)
2547:LibriVox
2506:(1911).
2395:, eds.,
2183:See also
2011:—
1988:—
1965:—
1902:country.
1887:visiting
1872:Carennac
1790:, which
1788:Quietism
1732:a year.
1695:Idomeneo
1626:and his
1589:Quietism
1568:and the
1555:creation
1551:optimism
1493:. When
1479:Carennac
1445:ordained
1429:seminary
1416:and the
1414:cardinal
1406:Sorbonne
1402:theology
1378:rhetoric
1363:Périgord
1322:Catholic
1195:Maritain
1170:Lonergan
1150:Guardini
1075:Anscombe
1050:Caramuel
960:Krasicki
955:Kołłątaj
910:Brentano
770:Eriugena
735:Berengar
683:Medieval
635:Climacus
615:Irenaeus
585:Boethius
580:Benedict
523:Analytic
491:Occamism
481:Molinism
459:Llullism
388:Quiddity
296:Just war
224:a series
222:Part of
184:, France
4226:Portals
3550:Erasmus
3400:Thomism
3139:Orosius
3114:Ambrose
3029:Cyprian
2957:Didache
2911:Vulgate
2870:General
2646:seat 34
2595:Fenelon
2570:at the
2516:(ed.).
2468:Fénelon
2294:29 July
1883:Cambrai
1776:diocese
1739:(quasi-
1645:Ulysses
1309:French:
1307:, PSS (
1205:Mounier
1200:McLuhan
1155:Haldane
1095:Blondel
1045:Vitoria
1020:Rosmini
995:Mercado
990:Meinong
985:Mariana
975:Maistre
970:Liguori
950:Gracián
945:Fénelon
940:Erasmus
920:Cajetan
905:Bossuet
880:Arnauld
860:Thierry
815:Lombard
805:Isidore
765:Eckhart
750:Buridan
740:Bernard
720:Aquinas
690:Abelard
650:Maximus
625:Cassian
595:Cyprian
590:Clement
560:Ambrose
553:Ancient
518:Thomism
513:Scotism
441:Schools
392:essence
373:Realism
261:Aquinas
182:Cambrai
92:Cambrai
4276:France
4240:Poetry
3242:Alcuin
3124:Jerome
3019:Origen
2812:(2002)
2804:(1981)
2796:(1946)
2788:(1936)
2780:(1935)
2772:(1909)
2764:(1904)
2756:(1886)
2748:(1856)
2740:(1840)
2732:(1824)
2724:(1816)
2716:(1803)
2708:(1775)
2700:(1771)
2692:(1753)
2684:(1715)
2676:(1693)
2668:(1653)
2660:(1634)
2439:
2285:
2084:Let Go
2045:E-rara
1876:France
1805:prayer
1730:livres
1690:Mozart
1647:' son
1624:Fables
1553:, the
1449:priest
1424:, the
1225:Taylor
1215:Rahner
1210:Pieper
1190:Marion
1185:Marcel
1145:Dávila
1135:Girard
1130:Gilson
1115:Finnis
1105:Congar
1085:Barron
1035:Suárez
1015:Pascal
1010:Newman
1000:Molina
930:Cortés
915:Botero
900:Bonald
873:Modern
855:Symeon
845:Scotus
830:Oresme
825:Ockham
820:Martin
710:Anselm
700:Alcuin
695:Albert
660:Origen
645:Justin
620:Jerome
396:nature
279:Ethics
269:Ockham
267:, and
265:Scotus
252:
244:
165:France
78:Church
2512:. In
2419:(PDF)
2120:Rev.
2029:Works
1535:Bible
1447:as a
1433:Paris
1357:, in
1220:Stein
1175:Lubac
1125:Geach
1070:Adler
1025:Sales
885:Ávila
850:Siger
810:Llull
775:Giles
725:Bacon
600:Cyril
49:P.S.S
3212:Bede
2941:Paul
2437:ISBN
2413:>
2391:and
2347:link
2296:2018
2283:ISBN
1868:Bust
1797:Issy
1513:and
1392:and
1380:and
1333:poet
1040:Vico
1030:Soto
1005:More
800:Hugh
760:Cusa
730:Bede
665:Paul
172:Died
147:Born
2579:at
2560:at
2545:at
2536:at
2327:462
1928:'s
1918:'s
1795:at
1537:at
1477:at
1431:in
1345:.
506:Neo
98:See
4288::
3663:to
3042:to
2404:^
2343:}}
2339:{{
2253:^
2174:,
2047:).
2039:,
1874:,
1786:'
1770:,
1721:.
1630:.
1591:.
1580:.
1517:.
1481:.
1435:.
1365:,
1361:,
1331:,
1327:,
394:/
263:,
226:on
163:,
4228::
3731:)
3727:(
3631:)
3627:(
2846:e
2839:t
2832:v
2635:e
2628:t
2621:v
2496:.
2490:.
2483:.
2445:.
2421:.
2349:)
2335:.
2298:.
1466:(
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
398:)
390:(
155:)
151:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
